MPC823 Mobile Computing Microprocessor: Technical Summary
MPC823 Mobile Computing Microprocessor: Technical Summary
MPC823 Mobile Computing Microprocessor: Technical Summary
MPC823TS/D
6/99
™
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Technical Summary
MPC823 Mobile Computing Microprocessor
The MPC823 Rev. B microprocessor is a versatile, one-chip integrated microprocessor and
peripheral combination that can be used in a variety of electronic products. It particularly excels in
low-power, portable, image capture and personal communication products. It has a universal serial
bus (USB) interface and video display controller, as well as the existing LCD controller of the
MPC821 device.
The MPC823 microprocessor integrates a high-performance embedded PowerPC™ core with a
communication processor module that uses a specialized RISC processor for imaging and
communication. The communication processor module can perform embedded signal processing
functions for image compression and decompression. It also supports seven serial channels—two
serial communication controllers, two serial management controllers, one I2C® port, one USB
channel, and one serial peripheral interface.
This two-processor architecture consumes power more efficiently than traditional architectures
because the communication processor module frees the core from peripheral tasks like imaging and
communication.
This document contains information on a new product under development by Motorola. Motorola reserves the right to
change or discontinue this product without notice.
© Motorola, Inc., 1999. All rights reserved.
Key Features
The following list summarizes key features of the MPC823:
• Embedded PowerPC Core Provides 99MIPS (Using Dhrystone 2.1) or
172K Dhrystones 2.1 at 75MHz
— Single-Issue, 32-Bit Version of the PowerPC Core (Fully Compatible with the PowerPC
Architecture Definition) with 32 x 32-Bit Fixed-Point Registers
— Low Power Consumption, 3.3V I/O Boundary with Microprocessor Core, Caches,
Memory Management, and I/O in Operation
— Performs Branch Folding, Branch Prediction with Conditional Prefetch, without
Conditional Execution
— 1K Data Cache and 2K Instruction Cache
— Instruction Cache is Two-Way, Set Associative and the Data Cache is Two-Way,
Set-Associative, Physical Address, 4-Word Line Burst, LRU Replacement Algorithm,
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• Interrupts
— Seven External Interrupt Request (IRQ) Lines
— One Nonmaskable Interrupt
— Twelve Port Pins with Interrupt Capability
— Ten Internal Interrupt Sources
— Programmable Highest Priority Request
• Memory Controller (Eight Banks)
— Can be Programmed to Support Almost any Memory Interface
— Each Bank Can Be a Chip-Select or RAS to Support a DRAM Bank
— A Maximum of 30 Wait States per Memory Bank Can Be Programmed
— Glueless Interface to DRAM Single In-Line Memory Modules, Static RAM,
Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory, Flash EPROM, or Synchronous
DRAM
— Four CAS Lines, Four WE Lines, and One OE Line
— Boot Chip-Select Available at Reset (Options for 8-, 16-, or 32-Bit Memory)
— Variable Block Sizes—32K to 256M
— Selectable Write Protection
— On-Chip Bus Arbitration Supports External Bus Master
— Special Features for Burst Mode Support
• System Integration Unit
— Hardware Bus Monitor
— Spurious Interrupt Monitor
— Software Watchdog Timer
— Periodic Interrupt Timer
— Low-Power Stop Mode
— Clock Synthesizer
— PowerPC Decrementer and Timebase
— Real-Time Clock
— Reset Controller
— IEEE 1149.1 Test Access Port (JTAG)
• Video/LCD Controller
— Video Controller
– Supports Digital NTSC/PAL Video Encoders and Digital TFT
– Sequential RGB, 4:4:4, and 4:2:2 YCrCb (CCIR 601) Digital Component
Video Formats
– CCIR-656 Compatible 8-Bit Interface Port
– Horizontal Sync, Vertical Sync, Field and Blanking Timing
– Generation with Half-Clock Resolution and Programmable Polarity
– Supports Interlace/Noninterlace Scanning Methods
– Programmable Display Active Area
– Programmable Background Color for Inactive Area
– Glueless Interface for Most Digital Video Encoders
– Hardware Horizontal Scrolling
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Architecture
The MPC823 microprocessor uses a dual-processor architecture design approach with data and
instruction caches to provide high-performance using a general-purpose RISC integer processor
and a special-purpose 32-bit scalar RISC communication processor module. The peripherals are
uniquely designed for communication requirements and can provide embedded signal processing
functions for communication and user interface enhancements and the I/O support needed for
high-speed digital communication.
The MPC823 is comprised of four main modules that interface with the 32-bit internal bus:
• The embedded PowerPC core
• The system interface unit
• The communication processor module
• LCD controller
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2K
INSTRUCTION
CACHE
SYSTEMINTERFACEUNIT
INSTRUCTION
MMU
INSTRUCTION MEMORYCONTROLLER
BUS
SYSTEMFUNCTIONS
1K
DATACACHE REAL-TIMECLOCK
LOAD/STORE
BUS DATA PCMCIAINTERFACE
MMU
8K
FOUR INTERRUPT
TIMER TIMERS DUAL-PORT
CONTROLLER
RAM
VIRTUALSERIAL
BAUDRATE AND LCDANDVIDEO
32-BITRISCMICROCONTROLLER INDEPENDENT
GENERATORS ANDPROGRAMROM CONTROLLERS
DMACHANNELS
GENERAL MAC
PURPOSE I/O
TIMESLOTASSIGNERS SERIALINTERFACE
Twelve serial DMA channels support the SCCs, SMCs, USB channel, SPI, and I2C controllers. The
independent DMAs give you two channels for general-purpose DMA usage. They offer high-speed
transfers, 32-bit data movement, buffer chaining, and independent request and acknowledge logic.
The RISC microcontroller is the only block that can access the IDMA registers directly. The CPU
can only access them indirectly via a buffer descriptor.
DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, Flash EPROM, SDRAM, EDO and other peripherals with two-clock
initial access to external SRAM and bursting support. It provides variable block sizes between 32K
and 256M. The memory controller has 0 to 20 wait states for each bank of memory and can use
address-type matching to qualify each memory bank access. It provides four byte-enable signals
for varying width devices, one output-enable signal, and one boot chip-select that is available at
reset.
The DRAM interface supports 8-, 16-, and 32-bit ports and uses a programmable state machine to
support almost any memory interface. Memory banks can be defined in depths of 256K, 512K, 1M,
2M, 4M, 8M, 16M, 32M, or 64M for all port sizes. In addition, the memory depth can be defined
as 64K and 128K for 8-bit memory or 128M and 256M for 32-bit memory. The DRAM controller
supports page mode access for successive transfers within bursts. The MPC823 supports a glueless
interface to one bank of DRAM, while external buffers are required for additional memory banks.
The refresh unit provides CAS before RAS, a programmable refresh timer, refresh active during
external reset, disable refresh modes, and stacking for a maximum of seven refresh cycles.
Video/LCD Controller
The MPC823 has a dual-purpose video/LCD controller that shares common dual-port memory.
However, only one of the controllers can be run at a time.
The video controller can be used to drive a digital NTSC/PAL encoder or a wide variety of digital
LCD panels. The frame buffer is stored in system memory in the form of an orthogonal matrix—
rows and columns. The 24-bit color data is organized as pixel components whether it is sequential
RGB or YCrCb. The video controller uses a dedicated DMA channel to read the display data from
the frame buffer and drive it to the video interface. It also generates the required timing signals,
such as horizontal sync, vertical sync, field, and blanking.
The LCD controller provides extremely versatile LCD support for 8-bit color, monochrome or
4/16-level grayscale, color TFT (12 bits, 4x3 RGB), and passive color (xSTN) 4/8 bit data. The
controller supports 4- or 8-bit single-scan, 2+2 bit dual-scan, or 4+4 bit dual-scan. It is
programmable for frame rate, number of pixels per line, and number of lines per frame. The panel
voltage is programmable through the duty cycle for contrast adjustments implemented in the
communication processor RISC timer PWM mode. Display data is stored in memory space and is
transferred into the controller using the DMA channel.
PCMCIA-ATA Controller
The PCMCIA-ATA interface is a master controller that is compliant with Version 2.1 of the
PCMCIA standard. The interface supports one independent PCMCIA socket with the required
external transceivers or buffers. It provides eight memory or I/O windows that can be allocated to
the socket. If the PCMCIA port is not being used as a card interface, it can provide eight
general-purpose pins and two output-only pins with interrupt capability.
Power Management
The MPC823 microprocessor supports a wide range of power management features, including
normal high, normal low, doze, sleep, deep-sleep, and power-down modes. In normal high mode,
the MPC823 is fully powered with all internal units operating at the full speed of the processor.
Normal low mode is the same as normal high, except it operates at a much lower frequency. There
is a doze mode determined by a clock divider that allows the operating system to reduce the
operational frequency of the processor.
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Doze mode disables core functional units except the timebase, decrementer, PLL, memory
controller, real-time clock, LCD controller, and communication processor module. Sleep mode is
a lower power mode that disables everything except the real-time clock, timebase, decrementer,
and periodic interrupt timer, thus leaving the PLL active for quick wake-up. The deep-sleep mode
then disables the PLL for lower power, but slower wake-up. Power-down mode disables all logic
in the processor, except the minimum logic required to restart the device. It saves the most power,
but requires the longest wake-up time.
Applications
The MPC823 microprocessor is specifically designed to be a general-purpose, low-cost entry point
to the Motorola embedded PowerPC Family for systems in which advanced GUIs,
communications, and high-level real-time operating systems are used. The device excels in
applications that require the performance of a single-issue PowerPC core with an ample amount of
data and instruction cache. It provides all the basic features of glueless memory connections along
with highly functional serial connectivity, a graphical LCD, and a video display controller. The
MPC823 excels in low-power and portable applications because of its extensive power-down
modes and low normal operation current.
Order Information
The following table contains the package type and operating frequencies of the MPC823.
The documents listed in the table below contain detailed information on the MPC823
microprocessor. You can obtain these documents from the Motorola Literature Distribution Center
or from our website at www.mot.com/mpc823.
The PowerPC name, the PowerPC logotype, and SDLC are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation used by Motorola under
license from International Business Machines Corporation.
I2C is a registered trademark of Philips Corporation.
Appletalk is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use PowerPC microprocessors. There are no express or
implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate PowerPC integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this
document.
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee
regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product
or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters can and do
vary in different applications. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical
experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized
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regarding the design or manufacture of the part.
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Technical Information: Motorola Inc. SPS Customer Support Center 1-800-521-6274; electronic mail address: [email protected].
Document Comments: FAX (512) 895-2638, Attn: RISC Applications Engineering.
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MPC823TS/D