CALCULATION OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPE

The short circuit impedance can be calculated from the conductor data such as area of cross section and centre distance o

Code Name
Total cross-sectional area
Overall Diameter
DC resistance at 20°C maximum(ohm/km) as Per Manufacturer Details
Total Distance

CALCULATION OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

The positive sequence may be calculated from conductor data such as cross section and conductor centre dist

R'L =
=

The positive - sequence reactance may be calculated from line data.

ARRANGEMENT OF CONDUCTORS
11.26m
a c'

8.1m
b 11.745m b'

8.3m
13.5m
c

CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE

Radius in mtr =

Self GMD of each conductor =

Dbc=Dab(in m) =
Dab'(in m) =
Daa' (in m) =

Self GMD of each phase

 (Ds1=Ds3) =

Ds2 =

Total self GMD =

Mutual GMD of each phase

Dm1=Dm3 =

Dm2 =

Total mutual GMD of conductor(d) =

For Bundle Conductor lines :

X'(1)L = ωµ/2*pi(0.25/n+ln(d/r

rB = (nr. Rn-1)1/n
Unit Positive Sequenc Impednace= 0.0547+j0.08444 ohms/km
For 24.5 Kms 1.3128+j2.06878 Ohms/Km
For Zero Sequence Impedance
For single circuit (I) lines without earth wire :

Z'(0)I = ρ/nqn + 3ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi [1/4n + 3ln ( δ/(r

= 0.00020278676 + j0.001954

= 0.00196410718

Z'LM = ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi ln δ/dLM

= 4.936082E-05 + j 0.000275
= 0.00028004451

Z'LD1D2 = ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi ln (δ/dmLD1D2)

= 4.936082E-05 + j0.000623
= 0.00062495239

Z'D1D2 = R'D/2 + ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi [ µ

= 0.00130436082 + j0.000766

= 0.00151265103
 rD : Radius of earth wire = 1.85mm
µD : Relative permeability of earth wire = 25 for steel wire
RD : earth wire resistance in ohm/km = 2.51OHM/KM

For double circuit (II) lines with two earth wires (D1,D2), zero sequence impedance per circui

Z'IID1D2(0) = Z'I(0) + 3Z'LM - 6 (Z'2LD1D2/Z'D1D2)

Unit Zero Sequenc = 0.00034 + j0.0025

For 24.5 Kms 0.0085+j0.06125
ON OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

area of cross section and centre distance of conductors.(As per IEC-60609-0)

AL 59 61/3.35
537.65 mm2
30.15 mm
0.05673
24.5kms

as cross section and conductor centre distances as per IEC 909

ρ/q
5.47042959284E-05 Ω/m
0.054704295928359 ohms/km

a' 0.2425
11.5025
12.38

0.015075 m

0.000118791 m

8.10362920240061 m
14.0662717164144 m
20.5480996688258 m
 0.049405761888261 m

0.037352380044651 m

(Ds1xDs2xDs3)1/3 = 0.045008149826891 m

12.0450941899649 m

10.6765092726995 m

(Dm1xDm2xDm3)1/3 11.5704405211523 m

ωµ/2*pi(0.25/n+ln(d/rB)) 8.444475886139E-05
0.084444758861388 ohms/Km
0.015075 m
0.0547+j0.08444 ohms/km
1.3128+j2.06878 Ohms/Km

4n + 3ln ( δ/(rBd2) ]

+ j0.001954 6.284E-05 30.90209

0.25 0.001942
1.571E-05
0.001958

2*pi ln δ/dLM
0.00027566
+ j 0.000275

jωµ0/2*pi ln (δ/dmLD1D2) 0.00062438

+ j0.000623

+ jωµ0/2*pi [ µD/8+ln δ/srt(rDdD1D2) ]

+ j0.000766

0.00019638 0.00057
 0.00076611
earth wire = 1.85mm
ermeability of earth wire = 25 for steel wire
resistance in ohm/km = 2.51OHM/KM

zero sequence impedance per circuit (with both circuits in parallel) is :

Z'LM - 6 (Z'2LD1D2/Z'D1D2)
0.00034 -0.000132

2.025E-09
3.844E-07
6.076E-08

0.00147648231
-4.58E-10
-3.115646E-07

0.000346689
 4.2E-11

-3.82375E-07
j

3.78E-10
2.571429E-07

0.002500257
 CALCULATION OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPE

The short circuit impedance can be calculated from the conductor data such as area of cross section and centre distance o

Code Name
Total cross-sectional area
Overall Diameter
DC resistance at 20°C maximum(ohm/km) as Per Manufacturer Details
Total Distance

CALCULATION OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

The positive sequence may be calculated from conductor data such as cross section and conductor centre dist

R'L =
=

The positive - sequence reactance may be calculated from line data.

ARRANGEMENT OF CONDUCTORS
11.26m
a c'

8.1m
b 11.745m b'

8.3m
13.5m
c

CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE

Radius in mtr =

Self GMD of each conductor =

Dbc=Dab(in m) =
Dab'(in m) =
Daa' (in m) =

Self GMD of each phase

 (Ds1=Ds3) =

Ds2 =

Total self GMD =

Mutual GMD of each phase

Dm1=Dm3 =

Dm2 =

Total mutual GMD of conductor(d) =

For Single Conductor lines :

X'(1)L = ωµ/2*pi(0.25+ln(d/r))

rB = (nr. Rn-1)1/n

For single circuit (I) lines without earth wire :

Z'(0)I = ρ/nqn + 3ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi [1/4n + 3ln ( δ/(r

= 0.00020278676 + j0.001954

= 0.00196410718

Z'LM = ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi ln δ/dLM

= 4.936082E-05 + j 0.000275
= 0.00028004451

Z'LD1D2 = ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi ln (δ/dmLD1D2)

= 4.936082E-05 + j0.000623
= 0.00062495239

Z'D1D2 = R'D/2 + ωµ0/8 + jωµ0/2*pi [ µ

= 0.00130436082 + j0.000766

= 0.00151265103

rD : Radius of earth wire = 1.85mm

 µD : Relative permeability of earth wire = 25 for steel wire
RD : earth wire resistance in ohm/km = 2.51OHM/KM

For double circuit (II) lines with two earth wires (D1,D2), zero sequence impedance per circui

Z'IID1D2(0) = Z'I(0) + 3Z'LM - 6 (Z'2LD1D2/Z'D1D2)

= 0.00034 + j0.0025
ON OF POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

area of cross section and centre distance of conductors.(As per IEC-60609-0)

AL 59 61/3.35
537.65 mm2
30.15 mm
0.05673
24.5kms

as cross section and conductor centre distances as per IEC 909

ρ/q
5.47042959284E-05 Ω/m

a' 0.2425
11.5025
12.38

0.015075 m

0.000118791 m

8.10362920240061 m
14.0662717164144 m
20.5480996688258 m
 0.049405761888261 m

0.037352380044651 m

(Ds1xDs2xDs3)1/3 = 0.045008149826891 m

12.0450941899649 m

10.6765092726995 m

(Dm1xDm2xDm3)1/3 11.5704405211523 m

ωµ/2*pi(0.25+ln(d/r)) 8.444475886139E-05

0.015075 m

4n + 3ln ( δ/(rBd2) ]

+ j0.001954 6.284E-05 30.90209

0.25 0.001942
1.571E-05
0.001958

2*pi ln δ/dLM
0.00027566
+ j 0.000275

jωµ0/2*pi ln (δ/dmLD1D2) 0.00062438

+ j0.000623

+ jωµ0/2*pi [ µD/8+ln δ/srt(rDdD1D2) ]

+ j0.000766

0.00019638 0.00057
0.00076611
earth wire = 1.85mm
ermeability of earth wire = 25 for steel wire
resistance in ohm/km = 2.51OHM/KM

zero sequence impedance per circuit (with both circuits in parallel) is :

Z'LM - 6 (Z'2LD1D2/Z'D1D2)
0.00034 -0.000132

2.025E-09
3.844E-07
6.076E-08

0.00147648231
-4.58E-10
-3.115646E-07

0.000346689
 4.2E-11

-3.82375E-07
j

3.78E-10
2.571429E-07

0.002500257