ABB Network Partner AB Current reversal logic for 1MDX80004-EN

distance protection Page 1

September 1997
Version 1.21

Contents Page
1 CURRENT REVERSAL LOGIC FOR
DISTANCE PROTECTION ...................................................... 2
1.1 Application................................................................................... 2
1.2 Theory of operation .................................................................... 2
1.3 Setting........................................................................................... 4
1.4 Testing .......................................................................................... 4
1.5 Technical data ............................................................................. 5
1.6 Appendix ...................................................................................... 6
1.6.1 Terminal diagrams ........................................................................ 6
1.6.2 Signal list....................................................................................... 7
1.6.3 Setting table................................................................................... 8
1MDX80004-EN Current reversal logic for ABB Network Partner AB
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1 CURRENT REVERSAL LOGIC FOR DISTANCE PROTECTION

1.1 Application In case of parallel lines connected to common buses at both terminals,
overreaching permissive communication schemes can trip unselectively
due to fault current reversal. This unwanted tripping will affect the healthy
line when a fault is cleared on the other line. This lack of security will
result in a total loss of inter-connection between the two buses.

To avoid this type of disturbance, a fault current reversal logic (transient

blocking logic) is used.

1.2 Theory of operation A typical system condition which can result in a fault current reversal is
shown in the figure below.

A B
Strong L1 Weak
source source
A:1 B:1

L2

A:2 B:2 (X80004-1 (2))

Fig. 1 Initial condition.

A B
Strong L1 Weak
source source
A:1 B:1

L2

A:2 B:2 (X80004-2 (2))

Fig. 2 Current distribution after the breaker B:1 is opened.

Note that the fault current is reversed in line L2 after the breaker opening.

The reversal logic utilises a reverse zone (IMP--IREV signal), which in

terminal B:2 recognises the fault on line L1. See figure. When the reverse
zone has been activated during the tPickUp time, the logic is ready to han-
dle a current reversal without tripping.
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To allow the carrier receive IMP--CRZ signal in terminal B:2 to reset

before the forward zone (IMP--CACC signal) is activated due to the cur-
rent reversal, the fast tripping (IMP--TRC) is delayed by the tDelay time,
see Fig. 3.

In terminal A:2, where the forward zone was initially activated, this zone
must reset before the carrier signal IMP--CRZ, initiated from B:2, arrives.
The carrier send IMP--CSZ is held back until the reverse zone IMP--IREV
has reset and the tDelay time has elapsed, see Fig. 3.

IMP--CSOR & IMP--CSZ

IMP--CACC

& IMP--TRC
CurrRev = On
tDelay
tPickUp
& t
&
IMP--IREV t

IMP--CRZ (X80004-3.3)

Fig. 3 Current reversal logic

IMP--CSOR forward over reaching zone issuing carrier send CSZ

IMP--CACC forward over reaching zone for trip at received CRZ
signal
IMP--IREV backward zone for current reversal logic
IMP--CRZ received carrier signal
IMP--CSZ carrier send signal
IMP--TRC trip from communication logic
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1.3 Setting The current reversal logic is set in the menu under:
Setting
Functions
Group n
Impedance
Communication

The time tDelay must be set in relation to the reset time in the communi-
cation equipment for the IMP--CR signal. The tDelay should be set at the
maximum carrier reset time plus 30 ms. A minimum tDelay setting of
40 ms is recommended. A long tDelay setting will increase security
against unwanted tripping, but delay the fault clearing in case of a fault
developing from one line to involve the other one. The probability of this
type of fault is small, and therefore the tDelay is set with a good margin.

The pick-up delay tPickUp shall be set <80% of the breaker operating
time, but minimum of 20 ms.

1.4 Testing The reversal logic is tested during the secondary injection test of the
impedance measuring zones.

The delay of the carrier send IMP--CSZ signal by tDelay can be checked
by changing from a reverse to a forward fault.

By continuously activating the IMP--CR input and changing from a

reverse to a forward fault, the delay by tDelay of the trip can be checked.

Testing with FREJA

In the ‘3PZ RX’ display menu, set FREJA with the following parameters:

Parameter Condition
I greater than 30% Ir
DIgoal 111XX XXXXX If three-phase tripping is
selected. If single-phase tripping is pro-
grammed, set DIgoal configuration to the
type of fault selected
Healthy conditions 50% of the reach of the reverse zone con-
nected to IMP--IREV
R,X scale and Origo pos Suitable for relay settings
Impedance |Z| 50% of the reach of the forward zone con-
nected to IMP--CSOR
Impedance angle ZΦ 0° to 90°
Digital outputs DO1 Connect to carrier receive (IMP--CRZ)
input on the protection terminal
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September 1997
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Check of Current Reversal

• Activate the digital output DO1 on FREJA, this gives the protection
terminal a carrier receive (IMP--CRZ) signal.
• The healthy condition state is set up to give an impedance at 50% of
the reach of the reverse zone connected to IMP--IREV (press key
<W> Healthy)
• After the start condition is obtained for reverse zone, apply a fault at
50% of the reach of the forward zone connected to IMP--CSOR
(press key <S> Faulty/Auto open).

Note: The reverse zone timer must not operate before the forward zone
fault is applied, it may be necessary to block the reverse zone timer during
testing of current reversal.

• Check that correct trip outputs and external signals are obtained for
the type of fault generated. The operation time should be approxi-
mately the tDelay setting greater than the carrier accelerated trip
(IMP--TRC) previously recorded for permissive scheme communi-
cation.

Note: The forward zone timer must be set greater than 90 ms.

• Restore the reverse zone timer to its original state.

1.5 Technical data

Table 1:

Function Value
Current reversal logic On, Off
tPickUp (0-100) ms in steps of 1 ms
tDelay (0-150) ms in steps of 1 ms
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1.6 Appendix
1.6.1 Terminal diagrams
tPickUp
IMP--IREV t
tDelay
IMP--IREVBL IMP--IREVZ
& t

CurrRev = On

(X80004-4.3)

Fig. 4 Terminal diagram of the function.

CURRENT REVERSAL LOGIC

IMP--IREV

IMP--IREVZ

IMP--IREVBL

(X80004-9)

Fig. 5 Simplified terminal diagram

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1.6.2 Signal list

ABB Network Partner AB

CONNECTIONS: TO: SETTING: DESCRIPTION:

IMP--IREV Reverse zone Zone select arm current reversal
IMP--IREVBL Forward zone Zone select block current reversal

IMPORTS: ORIGIN: SETTING: DESCRIPTION:

- -
distance protection

PRODUCTION: TO: SETTING: DESCRIPTION:

IMP--IREVZ BO Current reversal condition block
Current reversal logic for
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1.6.3 Setting table

PARAMETER: SETTING RANGE: SETTING

ACTUAL
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 DESCRIPTION:
CurrRev On / Off Activation of the current reversal logic
tPickUp 0 - 100 ms Pick up timer
tDelay 0 - 150 ms Delay timer
distance protection
Current reversal logic for

Version 1.21
September 1997
ABB Network Partner AB