E N D STO P S

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L
Oleo is a leading expert in energy
absorption technology supplying to the rail,
industrial and elevator business sectors.
Our ongoing investment in research and
development ensures that we are continually
updating our designs and introducing new
products and services to our portfolio.

We will work with you to ensure that the most

efficient method of energy absorption is
developed to meet your specification.

WE PROVIDE SOLUTIONS – NOT JUST

PRODUCTS.

We sell worldwide through our offices in the

United Kingdom, China, India, Germany and the
USA and through a wide range of distributors.

2
C O NTE NTS
Introduction 4
Hydraulic operating principle 5
Sliding friction end stops 6
Sliding friction hydraulic end stop designs
Large frame for higher speeds 8
Sliding friction hydraulic end stop designs
Small frame for lower speeds 9
Sliding friction end stop
Non-hydraulic 10
Fixed end stop 11
Fixed end stop designs 12
Fixed end stop with concrete base foundation 14
Concrete base foundation incorporating
hydraulic units design 15
Bespoke end stops 16
Friction wheel stops 17
Friction wheel stop design 18

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 3
 INTRODUCTION
Many passenger and freight locations are terminal (end of line) situations, on the rare occasions
the train fails to stop or slow down sufficiently the risk is that it collides with or overrides the end
of the platform / line.

Fitting efficient and effective end stops will protect passengers, rolling stock and infrastructure in
the event of a train failing to stop.

End stops can be frequently found in docks and ports at the end of rails where cranes travel and
railway lines are used to deliver coal or cargo to a port. They can also be used in factories and
steel mills in conjunction with cranes and major machinery in order to take out some of the high
stresses that the buildings can endure when the cranes are reaching the end of their travel.

Please contact us to discuss your requirement and we will work with you to produce
an end stop solution to your specification

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 E N D STO P S

H Y D R A U L I C O P E R AT I N G P R I N C I P L E
The illustration shows the robust construction of the Oleo hydraulic unit, upon impact the plunger
is forced into the cylinder displacing oil through the orifice thereby moving the separator piston and
compressing the gas. The compressed gas acts on the oil through the separator piston to give recoil
force to re-extend the unit after impact. The energy absorbed and dissipated being dependent on
the closure velocity.
METERING ORIFICE
When the plunger is forced into the cylinder rapidly the oil
OIL CHAMBER
displaced by the plunger passes through the orifice at very high
velocity so raising the pressure in the oil chamber to a level SEPARATOR PISTON
which optimises the closure force of the unit. This
PLUNGER
optimisation process ensures that the impact energy is
absorbed evenly throughout the plunger travel thus
maintaining a level impact force; a very useful feature
accomplished by Oleo’s innovative metering designs METERING PIN
which progressively alter the flow area as the unit
closes. The actual metering designs are precisely OIL RESERVOIR
CYLINDER
calculated to provide the best possible protection at GAS CHAMBER
specified impact speeds.

The Oleo hydraulic unit therefore possesses the unique feature that its characteristics change
according to operational needs, the majority of the impact energy being absorbed within the unit so
the already low recoil force is damped by the reverse flow of oil leaving very little energy and recoil
force to be returned to the impacting vehicle.

DYNAMIC DIAGRAM STATIC DIAGRAM

Force (kN)
750
Resistance

700 End force

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
650
600
550
500
450
400
on

si
350 es
pr
300 m
Co
l
oi

c
250 Re
200
150
100
50 Stroke (mm)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Stroke (mm)

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 5
 S LI D I N G F R I CTI O N E N D STO P S
The sliding friction end stop is designed to dissipate the impact energy in a controlled manner via
the sliding action of the friction shoes fitted between the frame and rail profile. This can be used in
conjunction with Oleo hydraulic energy absorption systems to provide a recoverable stroke for
impacts up to 25 km/h and controlled sliding distances for high speeds.

Used on Metro Madrid Series Trains 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000. Typically used on metro lines – designed for centre impact only. Sliding friction
Incorporating Oleo hydraulic unit (one Type 9 – Recoverable stroke 400mm). end stop (twenty friction shoes) incorporating Oleo hydraulic unit (single
Train mass range between 163 tonnes and 216 tonnes. Impacting speed Type 9 – Recoverable stroke 400mm). Train mass: 220 tonnes. Impacting
maximum 15km/h. Installation length: 7.1metres. Impact capacity 224kJ. speed: 25km/h. Installation length: 16metres. Impact capacity: 224kJ.

Typically used on European main lines (freight) – designed for side impact only. Sliding friction end stop (eight friction shoes) incorporating Oleo
hydraulic units (two Oleo Type 9 – Recoverable stroke 400 mm). Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed: 25 km/h, Installation length: 25 metres, Impact
capacity: 448kJ.

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 E N D STO P S

Friction shoes are located within fabricated ‘pockets’ on the end stop main frame. These are fitted
around the rail profile and secured with three fixings to pre-defined settings to achieve the correct
retardation value in relation to the design calculations.

Each pair of friction shoes can achieve up to 50 kN of braking force, the amount of impact energy
to be dissipated will determine the number to be used.

Secondary friction shoes positioned behind the main unit can also be utilised to assist in dissipating
the impact energy.

Anti climber shoe assemblies are also fitted to the front of the end stop main frame and clamped
around the rail profile to prevent ‘uplift’ on impact.

The friction shoes and anti climber shoe assemblies are suited to most types of rail profile and can
be reused after an impact – subject to inspection and in accordance with the user manual.

Typically used for main lines – designed for centre impact only. Sliding friction end stop with nine pairs of friction shoes and one pair of anti climber
shoes at the front. Incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (two Oleo Type 9 – Recoverable stroke 400 mm). Train mass: 535 tonnes, Impacting speed:
25km/h, Installation length: 16 metres, Impact capacity: 448 kJ.

Detail of friction shoes and anti climber assembly.

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 7
 S LI D I N G F R I CTI O N HYD R A U LI C E N D STO P
DESIGNS
LARGE FRAME FOR HIGHER SPEEDS
L (Track Occupied) Reflecting Sign
(Red)
H (Height of coupler)

End of Track

+- 0.00
(Top of rail)

1435

• Contains one pair of anti climber shoes, two Oleo Type 9 hydraulic buffers and one set of XCD
fixed stop friction shoes.
• Impacting point from the top of the rail (coupler height): mm (720 – 660 – 824)
Examples for conditions and installation length:

1) 8 CARS

• For cars with passengers. Train mass 510 tonnes, Impacting speed 25km/h,
Installation length 25m, Impact capacity: 448 kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm
• For cars without passengers – testing line Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed: 25km/h,
Installation length: 18 m, Impact capacity: 448kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm
• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 510 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length:15 m, Impact capacity: 448kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm
2) 6 CARS

• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 380 tonnes, Impacting speed: 25km/h,
Installation length: 15m, Impact capacity: 448kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
• For cars without passengers – testing line. Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed: 25km/h,
Installation length: 15 m, Impact capacity: 448kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 380 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length: 15 m, Impact capacity: 448kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.

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 E N D STO P S

S LI D I N G F R I CTI O N HYD R A U LI C E N D STO P

DESIGNS
SMALL FRAME FOR LOWER SPEEDS
H (Height of coupler)

L (Track Occupied)
Reflecting Sign
(Red)

+- 0.00 End of Track

(Top of rail)

1435

• Contains one Oleo Type 9 hydraulic buffer and one set of XCD fixed stop friction shoes.
• Impacting point from the top of rail (coupler height) mm (720 – 660 – 824)
Examples for conditions and installation length:
1) 8 CARS
• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 510 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length: 15m, Impact capacity: 224kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
• For cars without passengers. Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length: 15 m, Impact capacity: 224 kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
2) 6 CARS

• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 369 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length: 15m, Impact capacity: 224kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
• For cars without passengers. Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length: 15 m, Impact capacity: 224 kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.
• For cars with passengers. Train mass: 510 tonnes, Impacting speed: 15km/h,
Installation length:15m, Impact capacity: 448 kJ, Recoverable Stroke: 400mm.

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 9
 S LI D I N G F R I CTI O N E N D STO P
NON-HYDRAULIC
This type of end stop is typically used on metro and main lines – designed for different centre and
side impacts with anti climbers (if required). Pure friction only, the number of friction shoes will
depend on the train mass, impacting speed and the required deceleration.

Train mass: 408 tonnes Impacting speed 25km/h fitted with seventeen pairs of friction shoes with an installation length of 15m.
Train mass: 252 tonnes Impacting speed 15 km/h fitted with eleven pairs of friction shoes in an installation length of 15 m.

Train mass: 450 tonnes Impacting speed 15 km/h fitted with eight pairs of friction shoes with an installation length of 15 m.

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 E N D STO P S

F I X E D E N D STO P
Fixed end stops are essentially ‘end of line’ systems with frames fixed directly onto the rails, these
type of end stops have no energy absorbing ability unless used in conjunction with Oleo hydraulic
energy absorption systems to dissipate the impact energy. These systems have the ability to self-reset
after impact.

Typically used on ‘end of line’ – designed for centre impact only. Fixed end stop incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (one
Oleo Type 76 – Recoverable stroke 600 mm). Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed: 5km/h, Installation length:
2.8metres, Impact capacity: 336 kJ.

Typically used on low speed test lines – designed for centre and side impact. Fixed end stops incorporating Oleo
hydraulic units (two Oleo Type 718 – Recoverable stroke 1800 mm). Installation length: 5.5 m, Impact capacity 2016 kJ.

Typically used on depot/maintenance workshop – designed for centre impact only. Fixed end stop incorporating Oleo
hydraulic unit (single Oleo Type 76 – Recoverable stroke 600 mm). Installation length: 2.7 metres, Impact capacity 336 kJ.

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 11
 F I X E D E N D STO P D E S I G N S
2700 Reflecting Sign
(Red)
H (Height of coupler)

~300 End of Track

+- 0.00
(Top of rail)

• Contains one Oleo Type 76 hydraulic buffer.

• Impacting point from the top of rail (coupler height) mm (720 – 660 – 824)
• Maximum energy absorbed by buffer: 336 kJ
• End force: 700 kN
• Recoverable stroke: 600 mm
Examples for conditions and installation length:
1) 8 CARS
• Depot or maintenance workshop. Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed 5km/h,
Installation length: 2.7m, Impact capacity: 336 kJ, Recoverable stroke: 600 mm.
2) 6 CARS
• Depot or maintenance workshop Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed 6km/h,
Installation length 2.7m, Impact capacity: 336kJ, Recoverable stroke: 600 mm.

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 E N D STO P S

2100 Reflecting Sign

(Red)
H (Height of coupler)

End of Track

+- 0.00
(Top of rail)

• Contains One Oleo Type 76 hydraulic buffer and one set of steel embedded part.
• Reinforced concrete base for steel embedded part needed.
• Impacting point from the top of rail (coupler height) mm (720 – 660 – 824)
• Maximum energy absorbed by buffer: 336 kJ
• End force: 700 kN
• Recoverable stroke: 600 mm
Examples for conditions and installation length:
3) 8 CARS
• Depot or maintenance workshop – parking area. Train mass: 300 tonnes,
Impacting speed 5 km/h, Installation length: 2.1m, Impact capacity: 336kJ,
Recoverable stroke: 600 mm.
4) 6 CARS
• Depot or maintenance workshop – parking area. Train mass: 220 tonnes,
Impacting speed 6km/h, Installation length 2.7m, Impact capacity: 336kJ,
Recoverable stroke: 600 mm.

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 13
 F I X E D E N D STO P W ITH C O N C R ETE BA S E
F O U N D AT I O N
Oleo hydraulic energy absorption systems are used to dissipate the impact energy supported on a
fixed concrete base foundation. These are generally used in conjunction with a 'buffing beam' or
‘buffing trolley’ to interface with rolling stock. These systems have the ability to self-reset after impact.
Design advice can be provided in relation to the concrete base foundation

Typically used on metro and main line – designed for centre and side Typically used on metro and main lines – designed for centre and side impact.
impact. Concrete base foundation incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (two Concrete base foundation incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (two Oleo
Oleo Type 718 – Recoverable stroke: 1800mm). Train mass: 267 tonnes, Type 724 – Recoverable stroke 2400mm). Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting
Impacting speed: 12km/h, Impact capacity: 2016kJ, Installation length: 5.5m. speed: 14km/h, Installation length: 8 metres, Impact capacity 2688kJ.

Typically used on metro, main line and depots – designed for centre and side impact. Concrete base foundation incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (three
Oleo Type 712 – Recoverable stroke: 1200mm). Train mass: 1000 tonnes, Impacting speed: 1.94m/s, Impact capacity 2016kJ, Installation length: 3.5m.

Typically used on metro and main lines – designed for centre and side impact. This project involved the client designing their own steel structure which was
Concrete base foundation incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (two Oleo mounted onto a concrete base. Designed for centre impact incorporating
Type 730 – Recoverable stroke 3000mm). Train mass: 510 tonnes, Impacting Oleo hydraulic units (two Oleo Type 76 units – Recoverable stroke
speed: 12km/h, Installation length: 9.5 metres, Impact capacity 3360 kJ. 1200mm). Train mass: 115 tonnes, Impacting speed: 8km/h, Installation
length: 3.5metres, Impact capacity 672kJ, End force: 700kN.
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 E N D STO P S

C O N C R E T E B A S E F O U N D AT I O N
I N C O R P O R AT I N G H Y D R A U L I C U N I T S
DESIGN
L (Installation Length)
H (Height of coupler)

Reflecting Sign
(Red)

+-0.00 (Top of rail)

• Contains 1 off ‘buffing trolley’, two long stroke hydraulic buffers and one set of steel
embedded part.
• Reinforced concrete base for steel embedded part.
• Impacting point from top of rail (coupler height) mm (720 – 660 – 824)
Examples for conditions and installation length:
1) 8 CARS
• Type Oleo 730 Maximum energy absorbed 3360kJ, Train mass: 510 tonnes,
Impacting speed 12km/h, Installation length: 9.5 m, Recoverable stroke 3000mm.
• Type Oleo 724 Maximum energy absorbed 2688kJ, Train mass: 300 tonnes,
Impacting speed 14 km/h, Installation length: 8 m, Recoverable stroke: 2400mm.
2) 6 CARS
• Type Oleo 724 Maximum energy absorbed 2688kJ, Train mass: 380 tonnes, Speed 13km/h,
Installation length 8m, Stroke 2400mm or Train mass 220 tonnes, Speed 16km/h,
Installation length 8 m, Stroke 2400 mm.

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 15
 B E S P O K E E N D STO P S
End stops are 'safety critical' and can be designed to meet specific project criteria and design
requirements. Please contact us to discuss your requirement and we will work with you to
produce an end stop to your specification.

This end stop was designed to support a specific rebuilding project to create an old style tram in Beijing – designed for centre impact with rubber
softener. Fixed end stop incorporating Oleo hydraulic unit (one Type 54 – Recoverable stroke 400 mm). Impact capacity: 160 kJ.

Typically used on ‘test line’ for Shanghai Maglev – designed for front face impact only. Fixed end stops incorporating Oleo hydraulic units (two Oleo
Type 710 – 1000mm recoverable stroke). Impact capacity 1120 kJ.
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 E N D STO P S

F R I CTI O N W H E E L STO P S
Friction wheel stops are generally situated at the end of the line in depots and parking areas for
rolling stock where relatively low speeds are operated. These devices are fitted to the rail profile
and engage with the rolling stock wheel. Friction shoes positioned behind the wheel stop are
utilised to dissipate the impact energy in the same manner as the sliding friction end stops

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 17
 F R I C T I O N W H E E L S TO P D E S I G N S

L (Track Occupied)
+- 0.00
(Top of rail)
<150

End of Track

1435

• Contains one pair of friction shoes with an average breaking force of 50kN.
• Height from top of stop to top of rail is less than 150mm.
Examples for conditions and track occupied:
1) 8 CARS
• Type MCLD Depot or maintenance workshop
• Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed: 5km/h, Installation length: 6.5m.
• Train mass: 300 tonnes, Impacting speed: 3km/h, Installation length: 2.5m.
2) 6 CARS
• Type MCLD Depot or maintenance workshop
• Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed: 5km/h, Installation length: 5m.
• Train mass: 220 tonnes, Impacting speed: 3km/h, installation length: 2m.

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 E N D STO P S

O L E O I N T E R N AT I O N A L 19
 W E P R OV I D E S O LUTI O N S
N OT J U ST P R O D U CTS

HEAD OFFICE Grovelands Longford Road Exhall Coventry CV7 9NE UK

T +44 (0)24 7664 5555 F +44 (0)24 7664 5900 E [email protected] OLEO.CO.UK

OLEO International is a division of T A Savery and Co Limited, whose ultimate parent is Brigam Limited
T A Savery and Co Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number
00272170 and whose registered office is at Grovelands, Longford Road, Exhall, Coventry, CV7 9NE, UK

Issue 2 May 2013