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    Taylors Math 3 Pow 5

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    The document is a student's work on a math problem of the week (POW) assignment. The POW asks how to determine what day of the week someone was born based solely on their birthday. The student approaches the problem by recalling and explaining Zeller's Congruence, an algorithm that calculates the day of the week from a given date. The student provides a clear step-by-step explanation of how Zeller's Congruence works and applies it to correctly determine their own birthday fell on a Wednesday. For an extension, the student asks how the algorithm would change for determining days on another planet with a different cycle.

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    Taylors Math 3 Pow 5

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    128 views4 pages
    The document is a student's work on a math problem of the week (POW) assignment. The POW asks how to determine what day of the week someone was born based solely on their birthday. The student approaches the problem by recalling and explaining Zeller's Congruence, an algorithm that calculates the day of the week from a given date. The student provides a clear step-by-step explanation of how Zeller's Congruence works and applies it to correctly determine their own birthday fell on a Wednesday. For an extension, the student asks how the algorithm would change for determining days on another planet with a different cycle.

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    The document is a student's work on a math problem of the week (POW) assignment. The POW asks how to determine what day of the week someone was born based solely on their birthday. The student approaches the problem by recalling and explaining Zeller's Congruence, an algorithm that calculates the day of the week from a given date. The student provides a clear step-by-step explanation of how Zeller's Congruence works and applies it to correctly determine their own birthday fell on a Wednesday. For an extension, the student asks how the algorithm would change for determining days on another planet with a different cycle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    128 views4 pages

    Taylors Math 3 Pow 5

    Uploaded by

    api-481780857
    The document is a student's work on a math problem of the week (POW) assignment. The POW asks how to determine what day of the week someone was born based solely on their birthday. The student approaches the problem by recalling and explaining Zeller's Congruence, an algorithm that calculates the day of the week from a given date. The student provides a clear step-by-step explanation of how Zeller's Congruence works and applies it to correctly determine their own birthday fell on a Wednesday. For an extension, the student asks how the algorithm would change for determining days on another planet with a different cycle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Name: Taylor Schermer Period: 3

    Math 3 POW 5
    Problem Statement

    What day of the week was someone born based solely on their birthday?

    Process

    I approached this problem by utilizing my past knowledge of programming. When I was learning
    how to program I recreated a function known as Zeller’s Congruence. Zeller’s congruence is an
    algorithm devised to calculate the day of the week of a specific date. It is written as:

    Round up Round down

    These parentheses signify that the term These parentheses signify that the term
    needs to round up to the nearest integer. needs to round down to the nearest integer.

    d​w​ = day of the week


    - 0 = Saturday
    - 1 = Sunday
    - 2 = Monday
    - 3 = Tuesday
    - 4 = Wednesday
    - 5 = Thursday
    - 6 = Friday
    d​m​ = day of the month
    m = month (starting at March)
    - March = 3
    - April = 4
    - May = 5
    - June = 6
    - July = 7
    - August = 8
    - September = 9
    - October = 10
    - November = 11
    - December = 12
    - January = 13
    - February = 14
    y = year of century or year mod 100
    - Ex: 2017, the y = 17
    c = century or year/ 100
    - Ex: 2017, the c = 20

    The input of this function is the day, month, and year of a specific date and it outputs a number
    between 0 and 6, each number representing a day, to calculate the day of the week the specific
    date occurred.

    Zeller’s Congruence Analysis:

    To begin the modulo seven encompasses the whole equation. A modulo is a function used to
    find a remainder. The number in front of the modulo is what gets divided by the number after the
    modulo. For example 50 mod 7 = 1, 49 mod 7 = 0. There are seven days in a week, therefore,
    our answer has to be one of those seven. The days of the week are continuous and repeat. By
    using modulo seven we are mapping the repeating patterns within a range of seven days.

    To account for years:


    If we ignore leap years, a year contains 365 days, but 365 does not go into mod 7 perfectly. 365
    mod 7 = 1. This means each year the day of the week goes up by one day. If August 7, 2002
    was on a Wednesday then in 2003 it will be on a Thursday. There is a linear growth of +1 every
    year or +1 (mod 7). This is represented by the y in the above function.

    Due to the fact that there are leap years, where a day is added every four years, we need to
    account for it. There are 366 days in a leap year. 366 mod 7 = 2. In 2003, August 7th was on a
    Thursday, but in 2004 it would be on a Saturday. There is a +1 difference in modulo from a
    normal year. So we can take the number of normal years and divide it by four to find the number
    of leap years and add +1 into the modulo. The addition of a day every four years is represented
    by [y/4]. It is calculated as an integer so the remainder is discarded.

    The days of a week for each century progress similarly. In a normal century, there are 36524.

    Julian Springer Math 3


    36524 mod 7 = 5, so we can represent this similarly because there is a linear growth of +5 every
    century or +5 (mod 7). This is where the + 5c comes from.

    The centuries divisible by 400 (leap centuries) have 36525 days. 36525 mod 7 = 6, there is a +1
    modulo different. This is similar to leap years so we can take [c/4] and use it to represent the
    leap centuries. It is calculated as an integer so the remainder is discarded.

    To account for days and months:


    For days, every day we add a day the day of the week moves on to the next day. If on Monday
    we add a day, that day becomes Tuesday. That is represented by d​m​ in the equation.

    For months, Zeller noticed that if March started the year then not only would February, who
    doesn’t have a stable number of days, be the last month of the “year” but there is a pattern
    between the following months.

    The pattern is:


    (31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 28/29) days
    Or in mod 7:
    (3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0/1)

    Every five months, the pattern repeats excluding January and February. Looking at a graph of
    cumulative sums, it can be observed that there is a linear progression. The best fit line has a
    slope of 26/10 or the cumulative 26 over 10 months.

     
    By multiplying the month by this constant it gives us a pattern for a year. In the function, it is
    shown as the second term of the function. We subtract two to correctly shift the formula over
    because we are starting with the third month instead of the first.
     

    Julian Springer Math 3


    Solution/Reflection

    My birthday was on August 7th, 2002. Using Zeller’s Congruence my birthday was on a
    Wednesday. I utilized an online calculator to check my answer and it was correct. This POW
    gave me an opportunity to refresh my understandings of modulo, programming, and breaking
    down formulas. I utilized multiple Habits of a Mathematician, but the main one I used to solve
    this problem was finding and/or correcting logical flaws. I used this habit to identify the process
    and analysis of Zeller’s Congruence to further my understanding.

    Extension Question

    How would Zeller’s Congruence change for another planet that has a different cycle?
    Problem  (1) The problem is restated with (.5) The author uses multiple (0) No meaningful
    Statement  one sentence in their own sentences and either copies language Problem Statement
    words showing a clear from the POW or states a different is given.
    understand of the final objective.
    objective.

    Process  (4) The author makes their (3) The author makes an attempt to (2-1) Diagrams are
    process very clear through the explain their process, but some of their non-existent or don’t
    use of diagrams, graphs, work is unjustified or not clearly have explanations.
    formulas, etc. All figures are explained. Some work is not
    described and annotated and all shown.
    arithmetic is explained/justified..

    Solution/  (3) Correct solution in context of (2) Solution is incorrect, incomplete, or (1) No solution and/
    Reflection  the problem. Reflection improperly interpreted. Reflection or no reflection.
    statements tell us something does not address the student’s
    about what the author got from process.
    the POW.

    Extension  (2) The extension question is (1) Extension question simplifies the (0) No extension
    Question  creative and thought-provoking, underlying math or leaves it the same question
    involving a tweak to the by just changing the numbers
    underlying mathematics

    Self-grade: 10 / 10 Peer Grade: ________ / 10 Total Score: ________ / 10

    Julian Springer Math 3

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