Design of Beam (Steel)
Design of Beam (Steel)
Design of Beam (Steel)
Efective span 5m
Bending Moment Major 95.3 kNm
Bending moment Minor 12.5
Shear force 96 kN
Axial force 11.6 kN
Yield stress fy 340 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending comp0.66xfy 224.4 N/mm2
Z req M/0.66fy 424688.06 mm3
424.68806
Select section from steel table
UB 457x191x82 @89kg/m Universal beams and columns
T/D = 0.035
l/ry = 118
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively
3.5
Y 189.66 MPa
X 257.64 MPa
k2 a coefficient to allow for the inequality of flanges, and depends k2 table 6.4 IS800-1984
on 'ω', the ratio of the moment of inertia ofthe compression
flange alone to that of the sum of the moments of inertia of the
flanges, each calculated about its own axis parallel to the y-y ω 1
axis of the girder, at the point of maximum bending moment. k2= 0
Values of k, for different values of 'ω' are given in Table 6.4.
fy 340 Mpa
fcb 257.63625 Mpa 309.1635 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.61616162 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 34.7238095 < 72.889 is as
1344/f 72.8886338 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
130.217568 Mpa
Z 731852.094 mm3
731.852094 cm3
Z available 1611 cm3 hence safe
Interaction ratio σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.0054 0.4543 0.490763
0.95049 <= 1
Shear Calculation
hence ok
Shear force = 96 kN
From Staad 5 mm
T/D = 0.044
l/ry = 127
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively
3.5
Y 163.72 MPa
X 262.79 MPa
k2 a coefficient to allow for the inequality of flanges, and depends k2 table 6.4 IS800-1984
on 'ω', the ratio of the moment of inertia ofthe compression
flange alone to that of the sum of the moments of inertia of the
flanges, each calculated about its own axis parallel to the y-y ω 1
axis of the girder, at the point of maximum bending moment. k2= 0
Values of k, for different values of 'ω' are given in Table 6.4.
fy 340 Mpa
fcb 262.793612 Mpa 315.35233 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.73417722 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 34.7238095 < 72.889 is as
1344/f 72.8886338 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
131.592086 Mpa
Z 653534.743 mm3
653.534743 cm3
Z available 753.6 cm3 hence safe
Interaction ratio σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.0014 0.8672 0.059837
0.92848 <= 1
Shear Calculation
hence ok
Shear force = 69 kN
From Staad 5 mm
Hence ok 0
Design of plate girder PB1a
5 mm & 7.96 mm
Adopt a thickness of 10 mm
Economical depth of plate girder
d = 1.1*(M/σbc*tw)^0.5
556.33605 mm 600
web depth d1 = 580
I gross = (Af1+Aw/6)*d2
400 12 738
1.61E+08
BD3/12 ###
AY2 ###
###
###
7.15E+08 265.3
Trial section
tf = D/40
tw = D/50 to D/80
Let Aw = Af/1.5
D = 774 mm
Note:
If the top flange supports a bridge deck. The top flange is laterally supported
20
σbc = 0.66*fy
= 224.4 N/mm2
At = 3004.3837
A = 8262.0551
Select top and bottom flange plate 400 x 12 10
At=Ab 4800
A = 16780 mm2
= 351562500 + ###
= 1.745E+09 mm4
Section Modulus 1163405.4 mm3
The bending stress is σt=σc = M*y/I
1.3E+08 62500
1.3E+08 mm4
Section modulus 640312.5 mm3
ry = (Iy/A)^0.5
24800
87.36
λ = Ly/ry 29.4
Elastic Critical st fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1
T/D = 0.016
l/ry = 29.4
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively
3.5
Y 3065.852 MPa
X 3082.766 MPa
Ψ 1 ω 0.5
k1= 1 k2= 0
fy 340 Mpa
fcb 3082.76554 Mpa 3699.3186 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.2 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 75 < 72.89 is as
1344/fy^0.5 72.89 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
hence ok
Check for deflection
215.02 N/mm
Assuminga 6 mm weld whose strength is taken as 400 N/mm
Bearing Stiffner?
Effective span 16 m
187.47 N/mm2
σac From table 5.1) 96 N/mm2
Select 2 ISA 75 50 6
Properties of each angle are
A 7.16 cm2
Ix 40.3 cm4
cyy 2.44 cm 2.6
Ig 69.8 cm4
Ag 114.76 cm2
r 0.78
λ 67.31 From table 5.1 IS-800 1984
σac 135
P al 1549.26 kN
3 mm & 5.21 mm
Adopt a thickness of 10 mm
Economical depth of plate girder
d = 1.1*(M/σbc*tw)^0.5
366.42149 mm 400
web depth d1 = 380
I gross = (Af1+Aw/6)*d2
400 12 738
1.61E+08
BD3/12 ###
AY2 ###
###
###
7.15E+08 265.3
Trial section
tf = D/40
tw = D/50 to D/80
Let Aw = Af/1.5
D = 624 mm
Note:
If the top flange supports a bridge deck. The top flange is laterally supported
20
σbc = 0.66*fy
= 224.4 N/mm2
At = 1616.5875
A = 4445.6157
Select top and bottom flange plate 400 x 12 10
At=Ab 4800
A = 15280 mm2
= 180000000 + ###
= 1.079E+09 mm4
Section Modulus 899088 mm3
The bending stress is σt=σc = M*y/I
1.3E+08 50000
1.3E+08 mm4
Section modulus 640250 mm3
ry = (Iy/A)^0.5
24800
91.54
λ = Ly/ry 28.1
Elastic Critical st fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1
T/D = 0.019
l/ry = 28.1
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively
3.5
Y 3356.087 MPa
X 3379.919 MPa
Ψ 1 ω 0.5
k1= 1 k2= 0
fy 340 Mpa
fcb 3379.91882 Mpa 4055.9026 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.2 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 60 < 72.89 is as
1344/fy^0.5 72.89 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
hence ok
Check for deflection
5 N/mm
Assuminga 6 mm weld whose strength is taken as 400 N/mm
Bearing Stiffner?
Effective span 16 m
151.14 N/mm2
σac From table 5.1) 96 N/mm2
Select 2 ISA 75 50 6
Properties of each angle are
A 7.16 cm2
Ix 40.3 cm4
cyy 2.44 cm 2.6
Ig 63.6 cm4
Ag 105.76 cm2
r 0.78
λ 53.85 From table 5.1 IS-800 1984
σac 135
P al 1427.76 kN
Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 16 mm
tw 12 mm
Area 212.16 cm2
Ixx 141135.9 cm4
Iyy 24308.1792 cm4
Zxx 4704.5 cm3
Zyy 1080.4 cm3
rxx 25.79 cm
ryy 10.7 cm
1.2 L
Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96
Slenderness ratio
λ = L/r
λx = 26.99 26.9872043
λy = 65.05
= 180 ok
σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n
E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4
σbcx = Mx/Zx
0.64 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis
T/D = 0.02666667
l/ry = 54.2056075
Y 626.3 MPa
X 658.2 MPa
k1 = 1 k2 = 0
c1/c2 = 1
fcb = 789.84
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
Design of beam column member
Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 16 mm
tw 12 mm
Area 212.16 cm2
Ixx 141135.9 cm4
Iyy 24308.1792 cm4
Zxx 4704.5 cm3
Zyy 1080.4 cm3
rxx 25.79 cm
ryy 10.7 cm
1.2 L
Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96
Slenderness ratio
λ = L/r
λx = 26.99 26.9872043
λy = 65.05
= 180 ok
σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n
E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4
σbcx = Mx/Zx
27.21 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis
T/D = 0.02666667
l/ry = 54.2056075
Y 626.3 MPa
X 658.2 MPa
k1 = 1 k2 = 0
c1/c2 = 1
fcb = 789.84
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
Design of beam column member
Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 12 mm
tw 10 mm
Area 165.6 cm2
Ixx 109289.1 cm4
Iyy 18229.8 cm4
Zxx 3643 cm3
Zyy 810.2 cm3
rxx 25.69 cm
ryy 10.49 cm
1.2 L
Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96
Slenderness ratio
λ = L/r
λx = 66.35 27.0922538
λy = 66.35 6
= 180 ok
σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n
E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4
σbcx = Mx/Zx
35.14 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis
T/D = 0.02
l/ry = 55.2907531
Y 602 MPa
X 620.1 MPa
k1 = 1 k2 = 0
c1/c2 = 1
fcb = 744.12
σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n
Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
provided iy smaller than ix section
B min = 650 mm
D min = 800 mm
Since there exist a moment on the base plate from the column
Assume 3.115412
B = 650 mm 3.112941
D = 950 mm
Area of the base plate 617500 mm2 6.228353
Thickness of plate
175 mm or 100 mm
The maximum pressure is on 175 mm cantilever
0.85506 + 0.4
σ2= 1.22 N/mm2
a= 175