Design of Beam (Steel)

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The document discusses the design of steel beams and columns including calculation of stresses and checks.

The design of the steel beam considers the bending moment, shear force, axial force, section properties, stress calculations and checks.

The allowable bending stress is calculated considering the elastic critical stress, yield strength and coefficients based on the section properties.

Design of Beam (Steel)

Efective span 5m
Bending Moment Major 95.3 kNm
Bending moment Minor 12.5
Shear force 96 kN
Axial force 11.6 kN
Yield stress fy 340 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending comp0.66xfy 224.4 N/mm2
Z req M/0.66fy 424688.06 mm3
424.68806
Select section from steel table
UB 457x191x82 @89kg/m Universal beams and columns

Properties of whole section


Check
area 104.4 cm2 103.6 cm2
depth 460 mm
Width 191.3 mm
Ixx 37050 cm4 36651 cm4
Iyy 1871 cm4 1870.3 cm4
Cyy 1 cm
Zxx 1611 cm3 1593.5 cm3
Zyy 195.6 cm2 195.5 cm3
rxx 18.83 cm 18.8 cm
ryy 4.23 cm 4.2 cm
tf T 16 mm
tw 9.9 mm

l/ry 118 < 300 for compression flange of a beam


table 3.1 IS 800-1984
Elastic Critical fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/ry)2 MPa IS 800 1984

T/D = 0.035
l/ry = 118

c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively

For symmetrical section c2/c1 = 1

3.5
Y 189.66 MPa
X 257.64 MPa

k1 a coefficient to allow for reduction in thickness or breadth of k1 table 6.3 IS800-1984


flanges between points of effective lateral restraint and depends
on Ψ, the ratio of the total area of both flanges at the point of Ψ 1
least bending moment to the corresponding area at the point ok1= 1
greatest bending moment between such points of restraint.
Values of kl for different values of Ψ are given in Table 6.3.

k2 a coefficient to allow for the inequality of flanges, and depends k2 table 6.4 IS800-1984
on 'ω', the ratio of the moment of inertia ofthe compression
flange alone to that of the sum of the moments of inertia of the
flanges, each calculated about its own axis parallel to the y-y ω 1
axis of the girder, at the point of maximum bending moment. k2= 0
Values of k, for different values of 'ω' are given in Table 6.4.

fy 340 Mpa
fcb 257.63625 Mpa 309.1635 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.61616162 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 34.7238095 < 72.889 is as
1344/f 72.8886338 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.

fcb = 309 N/mm2

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

130.217568 Mpa

Z 731852.094 mm3
731.852094 cm3
Z available 1611 cm3 hence safe

Check for combined stresses

Direct stress( actual) 1.1111


Permissible axial stress 0.6fy 204

Interaction ratio σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.0054 0.4543 0.490763

0.95049 <= 1
Shear Calculation
hence ok
Shear force = 96 kN

Shear stress ۲va cal = V/(hxtw)


= 24.24 N/mm2

Allowable shear stres


۲va = 0.4*fy cl6.4.2 IS800-1984 for unstiffened web
136 > 24.24 hence safe

Check for bearing stiffner


Depth of web plate (dw) 428 mm
Slenderness ratio of web acting as short column 74.881
Permissible stress 126.5 N/mm2 Table 5.1 IS-800
Area of web required 758.9 mm2
Area of web provided 4237.2 mm2 hence ok
Deflection

From Staad 5 mm

Max permissible deflection = l/325


15.384615 mm
670.876085
Hence ok 0
Design of Beam (Steel)
Efective span 5m
Bending Moment Major 86 kNm
Bending moment Minor 1
Shear force 69 kN
Axial force 2 kN
Yield stress fy 340 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending comp0.66xfy 224.4 N/mm2
Z req M/0.66fy 383244.21 mm3
383.24421
Select section from steel table
UB 305x165x54 Universal beams and columns

Properties of whole section


Check
area 68.77 cm2 68.1 cm2
depth 310.4 mm
Width 166.9 mm
Ixx 11700 cm4 11563.5 cm4
Iyy 1063 cm4 1062.7 cm4
Cyy 1 cm
Zxx 753.6 cm3 745.1 cm3
Zyy 127 cm2 127.3 cm3
rxx 13.04 cm 13 cm
ryy 3.93 cm 4 cm
tf T 13.7 mm
tw 7.9 mm

l/ry 127 < 300 for compression flange of a beam


table 3.1 IS 800-1984
Elastic Critical fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/ry)2 MPa IS 800 1984

T/D = 0.044
l/ry = 127

c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively

For symmetrical section c2/c1 = 1

3.5
Y 163.72 MPa
X 262.79 MPa

k1 a coefficient to allow for reduction in thickness or breadth of k1 table 6.3 IS800-1984


flanges between points of effective lateral restraint and depends
on Ψ, the ratio of the total area of both flanges at the point of Ψ 1
least bending moment to the corresponding area at the point ok1= 1
greatest bending moment between such points of restraint.
Values of kl for different values of Ψ are given in Table 6.3.

k2 a coefficient to allow for the inequality of flanges, and depends k2 table 6.4 IS800-1984
on 'ω', the ratio of the moment of inertia ofthe compression
flange alone to that of the sum of the moments of inertia of the
flanges, each calculated about its own axis parallel to the y-y ω 1
axis of the girder, at the point of maximum bending moment. k2= 0
Values of k, for different values of 'ω' are given in Table 6.4.

fy 340 Mpa
fcb 262.793612 Mpa 315.35233 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.73417722 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 34.7238095 < 72.889 is as
1344/f 72.8886338 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.

fcb = 315 N/mm2

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

131.592086 Mpa

Z 653534.743 mm3
653.534743 cm3
Z available 753.6 cm3 hence safe

Check for combined stresses

Direct stress( actual) 0.2908


Permissible axial stress 0.6fy 204

Interaction ratio σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.0014 0.8672 0.059837

0.92848 <= 1
Shear Calculation
hence ok
Shear force = 69 kN

Shear stress ۲va cal = V/(hxtw)


= 21.84 N/mm2

Allowable shear stres


۲va = 0.4*fy cl6.4.2 IS800-1984 for unstiffened web
136 > 21.84 hence safe

Check for bearing stiffner


Depth of web plate (dw) 283 mm
Slenderness ratio of web acting as short column 62.047
Permissible stress 145 N/mm2 Table 5.1 IS-800
Area of web required 475.9 mm2
Area of web provided 2235.7 mm2 hence ok
Deflection

From Staad 5 mm

Max permissible deflection = l/325


15.384615 mm

Hence ok 0
Design of plate girder PB1a

Efective span 2.57 m


Bending Moment Major 574 kNm Normal 1263
Bending moment Minor 44 kNm
Shear force 202 kN
Axial force 44 kN
Yield stress fy 340 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending compr. 0.66xfy 224.4 N/mm2
Z req M/0.66fy 2557932 mm3
2557.9323

Assume web thickness tw = 10 mm

Minimum web plate thickness cl. 6.7.3 IS 800 -1984


For unstiffened web
Greater of
(d1/816)*(۲va cal)^0.5
& (d1/1344)*(fy)^0.5

5 mm & 7.96 mm

but should not be les than


d1/85 6.82 mm

Adopt a thickness of 10 mm
Economical depth of plate girder
d = 1.1*(M/σbc*tw)^0.5

556.33605 mm 600
web depth d1 = 580

Bending stress in compressive flange

σbc cal = (M/Igross)*ymax

I gross = (Af1+Aw/6)*d2
400 12 738
1.61E+08

BD3/12 ###
AY2 ###
###
###

7.15E+08 265.3
Trial section

tf = D/40
tw = D/50 to D/80

Area od web Aw Af/2 < Aw < Af

Let Aw = Af/1.5

Saelect D = L/18 to L/10


for longer span and for heavier loads L/10

Ab (0.6 to 0.8)At Bottom flange area


Aw 0.6At Web area
At Top flange area

Design of preliminary section


While calculating the properties of a section a limiting outstand be taken
any outstand area beyond has to be negleted while computing the properties
The limits on effective outstands are
Unstiffened edge plates under compression
g <= 256t/(fy)^0.5
<= 16t 320
Unstiffened tension flanges
g <= 20t 400

Assume depth of web = L/15 L/18


d = 142.7778 750 mm
Aproximate flange area Af = M/(1.1*D*σ bc
)

Sectional area of girder A = M/(0.4*D*σbc)

Assume thickness of flange tf = 12 mm

D = 774 mm
Note:
If the top flange supports a bridge deck. The top flange is laterally supported
20
σbc = 0.66*fy
= 224.4 N/mm2

At = 3004.3837

A = 8262.0551
Select top and bottom flange plate 400 x 12 10
At=Ab 4800

Web plate thickness = 10 mm

A = 16780 mm2

Check for Bending Stress

Moment of Inertia of the section = tw*d3/12 + 2*(bf*tf *((D-tf)/2)^2

= 351562500 + ###

= 1.745E+09 mm4
Section Modulus 1163405.4 mm3
The bending stress is σt=σc = M*y/I

127.29183 N/mm2 < 224.4 N/mm2

If the compression flange has got the tendency to buckle

Moment of inertia about Y axis Iy = 2*(tf*bf^3/12) + hw*tw^3/12

1.3E+08 62500

1.3E+08 mm4
Section modulus 640312.5 mm3
ry = (Iy/A)^0.5
24800
87.36

λ = Ly/ry 29.4
Elastic Critical st fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/r y)
2
MPa IS 800 1984

T/D = 0.016
l/ry = 29.4
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively

For symmetrical section c2/c1 = 1

3.5
Y 3065.852 MPa
X 3082.766 MPa
Ψ 1 ω 0.5
k1= 1 k2= 0

fy 340 Mpa
fcb 3082.76554 Mpa 3699.3186 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.2 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 75 < 72.89 is as
1344/fy^0.5 72.89 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.

fcb = 3699.32 N/mm2


Allowable bending compressive stress

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

218.9 Mpa Hence safe


Check for combined stresses
Interaction ratio
σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.01 0.58 0.31
Interaction ratio 0.9

Check for shear stress

Maximum shear force = 202 kN

Shear stress in the web = 26.933333 N/mm2

permissible shear stress for unstiffened girder 0.4*fy


136 N/mm2

hence ok
Check for deflection

Allowable deflection = L/325


from satad
Y trans 7.91 mm Z trans 89 mm
??
Maximum deflection from Y trans 19 mm
Design of joint between flange and the web

The first moment of area of the plates of each flanQ= Bf*tf*d/2


1857600

Shear flow q = VQ/I

215.02 N/mm
Assuminga 6 mm weld whose strength is taken as 400 N/mm

The length of weld for 1m length is 269 mm

Clear spacing between we< 12t

144 mm in compression flange

Use 6 mm weld 150 mm lengthat every 250 mm

Bearing Stiffner?

Effective span 16 m

Check for bearing stress (End bearing )

Width of bearing 300 mm


Gross length of beam 17.8 m
Total reaction 400 kN
Effective width of = bearing area + 45 dispersion subjected to edge distance
o

Edge of the beam from the centre of support 300 mm


edge distance 150 mm
tw 10 mm
Overall depth D = 774
yt = yb = 387 mm
On one side of the beam we can take dispersion le yb
Hence effective bearing width of web B 837 mm
For preliminary purpose assume an allowable stress of
σac(λ=40) 139 N/mm2
A req 2877.6978
Effective bearing area of web alone Bt 10044 mm2
Actual Bearing stress 39.8 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress 0.75fy 232.5 N/mm2
Hence safe
Check web as a column for transfering the reaction to the support
Note:
The web partly acts as a column with elastic restraints at bearings
The slenderness ratio of web-column section
Efective length Le 0.7*D
541.8 mm
ry t/(12)^0.5 (bt3/12/ bt)^0.5
2.89
Slenderness ratio Le/ry

187.47 N/mm2
σac From table 5.1) 96 N/mm2

Allowable concentrated Load 803.5 kN


Hence safe

Select 2 ISA 75 50 6
Properties of each angle are

A 7.16 cm2
Ix 40.3 cm4
cyy 2.44 cm 2.6

Ig 69.8 cm4
Ag 114.76 cm2
r 0.78
λ 67.31 From table 5.1 IS-800 1984
σac 135
P al 1549.26 kN

bearing stiffner is not required,a nominal ISA 45x45x05angle pair is recommended


Design of plate girder PB1a

Efective span 2.57 m


Bending Moment Major 249 kNm Normal 1263
Bending moment Minor 30 kNm
Shear force 3.6 kN
Axial force 45 kN
Yield stress fy 340 N/mm2
Permissible stress in bending compr. 0.66xfy 224.4 N/mm2
Z req M/0.66fy 1109626 mm3
1109.6257

Assume web thickness tw = 10 mm

Minimum web plate thickness cl. 6.7.3 IS 800 -1984


For unstiffened web
Greater of
(d1/816)*(۲va cal)^0.5
& (d1/1344)*(fy)^0.5

3 mm & 5.21 mm

but should not be les than


d1/85 4.47 mm

Adopt a thickness of 10 mm
Economical depth of plate girder
d = 1.1*(M/σbc*tw)^0.5

366.42149 mm 400
web depth d1 = 380

Bending stress in compressive flange

σbc cal = (M/Igross)*ymax

I gross = (Af1+Aw/6)*d2
400 12 738
1.61E+08

BD3/12 ###
AY2 ###
###
###

7.15E+08 265.3
Trial section

tf = D/40
tw = D/50 to D/80

Area od web Aw Af/2 < Aw < Af

Let Aw = Af/1.5

Saelect D = L/18 to L/10


for longer span and for heavier loads L/10

Ab (0.6 to 0.8)At Bottom flange area


Aw 0.6At Web area
At Top flange area

Design of preliminary section


While calculating the properties of a section a limiting outstand be taken
any outstand area beyond has to be negleted while computing the properties
The limits on effective outstands are
Unstiffened edge plates under compression
g <= 256t/(fy)^0.5
<= 16t 320
Unstiffened tension flanges
g <= 20t 400

Assume depth of web = L/15 L/18


d = 142.7778 600 mm
Aproximate flange area Af = M/(1.1*D*σ bc
)

Sectional area of girder A = M/(0.4*D*σbc)

Assume thickness of flange tf = 12 mm

D = 624 mm
Note:
If the top flange supports a bridge deck. The top flange is laterally supported
20
σbc = 0.66*fy
= 224.4 N/mm2

At = 1616.5875

A = 4445.6157
Select top and bottom flange plate 400 x 12 10
At=Ab 4800

Web plate thickness = 10 mm

A = 15280 mm2

Check for Bending Stress

Moment of Inertia of the section = tw*d3/12 + 2*(bf*tf *((D-tf)/2)^2

= 180000000 + ###

= 1.079E+09 mm4
Section Modulus 899088 mm3
The bending stress is σt=σc = M*y/I

72.0063 N/mm2 < 224.4 N/mm2

If the compression flange has got the tendency to buckle

Moment of inertia about Y axis Iy = 2*(tf*bf^3/12) + hw*tw^3/12

1.3E+08 50000

1.3E+08 mm4
Section modulus 640250 mm3
ry = (Iy/A)^0.5
24800
91.54

λ = Ly/ry 28.1
Elastic Critical st fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/r y)
2
MPa IS 800 1984

T/D = 0.019
l/ry = 28.1
c1 & c2 Lesser and greater distance from the section neutral axis from the extreme fibres respectively

For symmetrical section c2/c1 = 1

3.5
Y 3356.087 MPa
X 3379.919 MPa
Ψ 1 ω 0.5
k1= 1 k2= 0

fy 340 Mpa
fcb 3379.91882 Mpa 4055.9026 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by
20 percent when T/t is not greater than 2.0
T/t 1.2 < 2 and d1/t is not greater than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1
d1/t 60 < 72.89 is as
1344/fy^0.5 72.89 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t the thickness of web.

fcb = 4055.9 N/mm2


Allowable bending compressive stress

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

219.5 Mpa Hence safe


Check for combined stresses
Interaction ratio
σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per
<= 1
0.01 0.33 0.21
Interaction ratio 0.55

Check for shear stress

Maximum shear force = 3.6 kN

Shear stress in the web = 0.6 N/mm2

permissible shear stress for unstiffened girder 0.4*fy


136 N/mm2

hence ok
Check for deflection

Allowable deflection = L/325


from satad
Y trans 7.91 mm Z trans 89 mm
??
Maximum deflection from Y trans 19 mm
Design of joint between flange and the web

The first moment of area of the plates of each flanQ= Bf*tf*d/2


1497600

Shear flow q = VQ/I

5 N/mm
Assuminga 6 mm weld whose strength is taken as 400 N/mm

The length of weld for 1m length is 6 mm

Clear spacing between we< 12t

144 mm in compression flange

Use 6 mm weld 150 mm lengthat every 250 mm

Bearing Stiffner?

Effective span 16 m

Check for bearing stress (End bearing )

Width of bearing 300 mm


Gross length of beam 17.8 m
Total reaction 400 kN
Effective width of = bearing area + 45 dispersion subjected to edge distance
o

Edge of the beam from the centre of support 300 mm


edge distance 150 mm
tw 10 mm
Overall depth D = 624
yt = yb = 312 mm
On one side of the beam we can take dispersion le yb
Hence effective bearing width of web B 762 mm
For preliminary purpose assume an allowable stress of
σac(λ=40) 139 N/mm2
A req 2877.6978
Effective bearing area of web alone Bt 9144 mm2
Actual Bearing stress 43.7 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress 0.75fy 232.5 N/mm2
Hence safe
Check web as a column for transfering the reaction to the support
Note:
The web partly acts as a column with elastic restraints at bearings
The slenderness ratio of web-column section
Efective length Le 0.7*D
436.8 mm
ry t/(12)^0.5 (bt3/12/ bt)^0.5
2.89
Slenderness ratio Le/ry

151.14 N/mm2
σac From table 5.1) 96 N/mm2

Allowable concentrated Load 731.5 kN


Hence safe

Select 2 ISA 75 50 6
Properties of each angle are

A 7.16 cm2
Ix 40.3 cm4
cyy 2.44 cm 2.6

Ig 63.6 cm4
Ag 105.76 cm2
r 0.78
λ 53.85 From table 5.1 IS-800 1984
σac 135
P al 1427.76 kN

bearing stiffner is not required,a nominal ISA 45x45x05angle pair is recommended


Design of beam column member

Maximunm axial compressive force 530 kN


BM about Major axis 3 kNm
BM about Minor axis 137 kNm

Properties of whole section

Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 16 mm
tw 12 mm
Area 212.16 cm2
Ixx 141135.9 cm4
Iyy 24308.1792 cm4
Zxx 4704.5 cm3
Zyy 1080.4 cm3
rxx 25.79 cm
ryy 10.7 cm

Effective length of member cl 5.2.4 of IS 800-1984

1.2 L

Length of member along X axis 5.8 m


Length of member along Y axis 5.8 m

Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96

Slenderness ratio

λ = L/r

λx = 26.99 26.9872043

λy = 65.05

Max slenderness ratio cl 3.7 IS 800-1984

= 180 ok

Actual compressive stree calculated

σac cal = P/A


= 24.98 N/mm2

Permissible stress in axial compression

σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n

Where fcc = Л2E/λ2

E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4

fcc = 466.482267 N/mm2 2710.279

σac perm = 157.45 N/mm2


209.4 N/mm2
Bending about Major axis

Actual bending compressive stress about major axis

σbcx = Mx/Zx
0.64 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis

Elastic Critical stress fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of IS 800 1984


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/ry)2 MPa

T/D = 0.02666667
l/ry = 54.2056075

Y 626.3 MPa
X 658.2 MPa

k1 = 1 k2 = 0

c1/c2 = 1

Elastic Critical stress fcb = 658.2 MPa

fy 350 Mpa 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by 20


fcb 658.2 Mpa 789.84 percent when T/t is
not greater than 2.0 and d1/t is not greater
T/t 1.333333 < 2 than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1is as
d1/t 47.33333 < 71.83982 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t
1344/fy^0.5 71.83982 the thickness of web.

fcb = 789.84

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

σbcx allo = 180.4506 239.999311

Bending about Minor axis

Actual bending compressive stress about minor axis

σbcy cal = My/Zy


= 126.8049
Calculation of allowable bending stress about minor axis

σbcy allow = 0.66fy


= 231 Mpa
307.23 Mpa
Interaction Check

Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per

0.119293 + 0.0027 0.4127360189


0.158654 0.0035 0.7027124328
Earthquake Load case 0.53469591 < 1 dd+ll+eq
with increased permissible stresses of 33.33%
Normal case 0.86491265 < 1 DD + LL
hence it is safe
Note:
3.9.2.1 Wind or earthquake loads

b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
Design of beam column member

Maximunm axial compressive force 523 kN


BM about Major axis 128 kNm
BM about Minor axis 96 kNm

Properties of whole section

Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 16 mm
tw 12 mm
Area 212.16 cm2
Ixx 141135.9 cm4
Iyy 24308.1792 cm4
Zxx 4704.5 cm3
Zyy 1080.4 cm3
rxx 25.79 cm
ryy 10.7 cm

Effective length of member cl 5.2.4 of IS 800-1984

1.2 L

Length of member along X axis 5.8 m


Length of member along Y axis 5.8 m

Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96

Slenderness ratio

λ = L/r

λx = 26.99 26.9872043

λy = 65.05

Max slenderness ratio cl 3.7 IS 800-1984

= 180 ok

Actual compressive stree calculated

σac cal = P/A


= 24.65 N/mm2

Permissible stress in axial compression

σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n

Where fcc = Л2E/λ2

E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4

fcc = 466.482267 N/mm2 2710.279

σac perm = 157.45 N/mm2


209.4 N/mm2
Bending about Major axis

Actual bending compressive stress about major axis

σbcx = Mx/Zx
27.21 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis

Elastic Critical stress fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of IS 800 1984


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/ry)2 MPa

T/D = 0.02666667
l/ry = 54.2056075

Y 626.3 MPa
X 658.2 MPa

k1 = 1 k2 = 0

c1/c2 = 1

Elastic Critical stress fcb = 658.2 MPa

fy 350 Mpa 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by 20


fcb 658.2 Mpa 789.84 percent when T/t is
not greater than 2.0 and d1/t is not greater
T/t 1.333333 < 2 than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1is as
d1/t 47.33333 < 71.83982 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t
1344/fy^0.5 71.83982 the thickness of web.

fcb = 789.84

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

σbcx allo = 180.4506 239.999311

Bending about Minor axis

Actual bending compressive stress about minor axis

σbcy cal = My/Zy


= 88.85598
Calculation of allowable bending stress about minor axis

σbcy allow = 0.66fy


= 231 Mpa
307.23 Mpa
Interaction Check

Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per

0.117717 + 0.1134 0.2892164804


0.156558 0.1508 0.4924116317
Earthquake Load case 0.52030909 < 1 dd+ll+eq
with increased permissible stresses of 33.33%
Normal case 0.79975845 < 1 DD + LL
hence it is safe
Note:
3.9.2.1 Wind or earthquake loads

b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
Design of beam column member

Maximunm axial compressive force 523 kN


BM about Major axis zxx 128 kNm have to change in M/Z formula
BM about Minor axis 96 kNm

Properties of whole section

Depth = 600 mm
Width = 450 mm
T=tf = 12 mm
tw 10 mm
Area 165.6 cm2
Ixx 109289.1 cm4
Iyy 18229.8 cm4
Zxx 3643 cm3
Zyy 810.2 cm3
rxx 25.69 cm
ryy 10.49 cm

Effective length of member cl 5.2.4 of IS 800-1984

1.2 L

Length of member along X axis 5.8 m


Length of member along Y axis 5.8 m

Lx eff 6.96
Ly eff 6.96

Slenderness ratio

λ = L/r

λx = 66.35 27.0922538

λy = 66.35 6

Max slenderness ratio cl 3.7 IS 800-1984

= 180 ok

Actual compressive stree calculated

σac cal = P/A


= 31.58 N/mm2

Permissible stress in axial compression

σac = 0.66xfccxfy/(fccn+fyn)1/n

Where fcc = Л2E/λ2

E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 340 Mpa
n = 1.4

fcc = 448.381708 N/mm2

σac perm = 154.99 N/mm2


206.1 N/mm2
0.6 fy 204 N/mm2

σac calc <=0.6fy & σac perm

Bending about Major axis

Actual bending compressive stress about major axis

σbcx = Mx/Zx
35.14 N/mm2
75.8
Calculation of allowable bending stress about Major axis

Elastic Critical stress fcb = k1(X + k2 Y) c2/c1

X = Y{(1+[1/20x[(l/ry) x(T/D)]2]} MPa Refer table 6.5 of IS 800 1984


Y = 26.5x10^5/(l/ry)2 MPa

T/D = 0.02
l/ry = 55.2907531

Y 602 MPa
X 620.1 MPa

k1 = 1 k2 = 0

c1/c2 = 1

Elastic Critical stress fcb = 620.1 MPa

fy 340 Mpa 6.2.4.1 Values of fcb shall be increased by 20


fcb 620.1 Mpa 744.12 percent when T/t is
not greater than 2.0 and d1/t is not greater
T/t 1.2 < 2 than 1344/fy^0.5; where d1is as
d1/t 57.6 < 72.88863 defined in 6.2.2.1 and 1.3 and t
1344/fy^0.5 72.88863 the thickness of web.

fcb = 744.12

σbc 0.66*fcb*fy/(fcb^n+fy^n)^1/n

σbcx allo = 173.7081 231.03179

Bending about Minor axis

Actual bending compressive stress about minor axis

σbcy cal = My/Zy


= 118.4893

Calculation of allowable bending stress about minor axis

σbcy allow = 0.66fy


= 224.4 Mpa
298.452 Mpa
Interaction Check

Interaction ratio = σac cal/ σac per + σbcx cal/σbcx per + σbcy cal/σbcy per

0.153227 + 0.1521 0.3970127924


0.203755 0.2023 0.6821170291
Earthquake Load case 0.70233966 < 1 dd+ll+eq
with increased permissible stresses of 33.33%
Normal case 1.08816548 < 1 DD + LL
hence it is safe under seismic case
Note: unsafe revise the section
3.9.2.1 Wind or earthquake loads

b)
Structural steel and steel castings - When the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the .permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 33.33 percent.
Rivets, bolts and tension rods - When the effect of the wind or
earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified may be exceeded by 25 percent.
3.9.2.3 In no case shall a member or its connections have less
carrying capacity than that needed if the wind or earthquake loads or
secondary effects due to erection loads are neglected.
provided iy smaller than ix section

what is phi to calc k1


Central column
a
Axial load on column ( DL+LL) 528 kN Mepz
Bending moment about major axis 57 kNm
Bending moment about minor axis 94 kNm
Yield stress of steel fy 340 N/mm2
Size of column 600 x 450
Assume 20 mm dia of ho 21.5 mm dia bolts
Edge distance table 8.2 IS 800-1984

32 mm from plate edge


29 mm from column edge
61 mm say 100 mm

Minimum size of plate subjected to edge distances are

B min = 650 mm
D min = 800 mm
Since there exist a moment on the base plate from the column
Assume 3.115412
B = 650 mm 3.112941
D = 950 mm
Area of the base plate 617500 mm2 6.228353

Bearing pressure under the base plate


Grade of concrete M 35 Mpa
σ 2.8 N/mm2 < 8.75 ok
σcc = 8.75 N/mm2
950 x 650
Ap = 617500
σ = (P/Ap + M1/Zp1+M2/Zp2.80517 N/mm2
Tension on the other face
M1/Zp1+M2/Zp2 - P/Ap 1.11 N/mm2
This has to be compensated by precompresion

allowable bearing stress σabc σcc(Ac/Ab)^0.5


Use M35 concrete
allowable compressive σcc 8.75 N/mm2 Table -9 IRC-21-2000
stress on concrete
Maximum pressure σ1=w 2.80517 N/mm2

Thickness of plate

Cantilever projections of the plate

175 mm or 100 mm
The maximum pressure is on 175 mm cantilever

The bearing pressure at end σ1= 2.80517

Bearing pressure at face of column σ2= P/Ap+(M/I)*y

0.85506 + 0.4
σ2= 1.22 N/mm2

a= 175

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