RIZAL REVIEWER - First to own two – stone houses in

Calamba
 Children in the Rizal Family - Owned biggest library in Laguna
 11 Children (2 boys, 9 girls) - One of the biggest in the country
Saturnina (1850 – 1913) - More than 1,000 volumes of various
Paciano (1851 – 1930) – Katipunan; General books besides magazines subscribed
Narcisa (1852 – 1939) from other countries
Olimpia (1855 – 1887)
Lucia (1857 – 1919) CHILDHOOD IN CALAMBA
Maria (1859 – 1945)  Calamba, Rizal’s Town
Jose (1861 – 1896) - Rich agricultural town
Concepcion (1862 – 1865) - Alongside Laguna de Bai
Josefa (1865 – 1945) - Talim Island
Trinidad (1868 – 1951) - Mt. Makiling (South)
Soledad (1870 – 1929)
 Weak and Sickly
 The Rizal Blood - At age 3, Jose is weak and sickly
- Mixture of Negrito, Indonesian, Malayan, - Hired yaya
Chinese, Japanese and Spanish blood - Don Francisco built a little cottage
(bamboo and nipa) inside their fruit
Father’s Side garden for Jose to play in
- Domingo Lam – Co from Chinchew, China - Jose lacked appetite (yaya payed
and Ines de la Rosa special attention to this)
- His father’s father and grandfather had been - To oblige the boy to eat, she would
town mayors (capitanes del pueblo) or Binan frighten him (aswang, momo, tigbalang,
kapre)
Mother’s Side
- Lakandula (a Malayan chieftain of Tondo)  Moonlight Walks
- Eugenio Ursua and Benigna Ochoa - Alongside Laguna Lake, Jose walks with
yaya and his dog Usman
 Governor Narciso Claveria in 1849 ordered
Filipino families to adopt Spanish family  A Religious Family
names to avoid difficulty of Spaniards in - Every nightfall, they kneel down and say
pronouncing native surnames the Angelus prayers
-Realonda - Mass every Sunday is obligatory
-Rizal (suggested by the town - Memorized prayers and can already
mayor) read the Bible at age 5
- Frequent visitor of Father Leoncio Lopez
 Rizal Family and Home
- One of the richest, most respected,  Mother Fulfills Vow
most cultured in Calamba - To fulfil vow to OLPGV when she gave
- Don Francisco (farmer) birth to Jose, Dona asked her husband
- Dona Teodora (owns lucrative to accompany Jose to Antipolo (she
business; business ad., math and could not go because she had just given
literature) birth to Trinidad , June 6, 1868)
  Trip Across the Lake  Mother Spanks Jose
- With his father, Jose made his first trip in - Dona Teodora is a disciplinarian
Laguna de Bai (barge) - She wanted Jose to wear the sinamay
- They disembarked upon reaching Pasig shirt (scratchy on skin), she spanked
River Jose because Jose didn’t want to wear
- They went to Sta. Ana (Saturnina; the shirt
student at Colegio de la Concordia) - Sudden explosion in fruit garden (Jose
ignited the fuses of a bottle with
 Writes Drama and Poems explosive powder burning Josefa’s face)
- Learned Catholic prayers and Bible at
age of 3  The Flame and the Moths
- Mother taught him rudiments of poetry - Dona Teodora would read old book
and rules or versification stories and fables to Jose
- Wrote a drama played in their town - The fable about the moths interested
fiesta (less than 8 y/o) Jose the most
- Gobernadorcillo of Paete bought the
drama for 2 pesos and had it played in  Jose Cries Bitterly
their town - Concepcion (Concha) died of sickness
at the age of 3, one year younger than
 His First Famous Poem Jose
- At age of 8 he displayed nationalistic - She was Jose’s playmate
sentiments - For the first time, Jose wept and shed
- “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” tears
- Translated into Spanish by Epifanio de
los Santos (national librarian and culture  He Learns From Tutors
Filipino) - Jose have private tutors
- Maestro Celestino
 The Boy as an Artist - Maestro Lucas Padua
- Awakened at age 5 - Leon Monroy (classmate; his father
- Made sketches of persons, animals, wanted Jose to learn faster so he
birds, flowers, trees on pieces of papers thought it would be better to hire a
and even pages of books of his sisters maestro to stay in their home; gave Jose
(mother scolded Jose for this) first lessons in Latin)
- Talent on sculptural works (out of wood - Died after 5 months
and wax)
- A religious banner was destroyed for  Cruel Spanish Authorities
town fiesta and Jose replaced it with one - Almost daily, Jose saw cruelties
painted in oil colors which was more committed by guardia civil, the alcalde
beautiful or Spanish authority
- Many statuettes out of clay and wax in
his room  The Slipper Story
”What will you do with so many statuettes?” - During summer days, said the teacher,
“Don’t you know that someday people will erect Jose would invite fellow children to go
monuments and statues in my honor?” boating on Laguna de Bai
- While rowing, he accidentally dropped
one of his slippers, unable to swim well,
he dropped the other slipper so that
 whoever finds it might be able to use  Joses’s Daily Routines
them - Heard 4 o’clock mass in morning
- Studied lessons
- Pick fruits from Mabolo trees
PRIMARY EDUCATION IN BINAN - Eat breakfast (rice and dried sardines)
 Jose Leaves Calamba - Attend class ending at 10 then return
- On June 1869, Paciano brought Jose to home
Binan (hometown of their Father) - Go to school at 2 and return at 5
- Riding in carromata, they arrived after 2 - Studied lessons, play a little and ate
and a half hours supper (1 or 2 plates of boiled rice and
- They went to the house of their aunt ayungin)
where Jose will lodge - Pray at night
- Leandro (Jose’s cousin) invited him to
go sightseeing  Classmates Become Jealous
- Jose the brightest in class
 First Day in School - Older classmates whom he surpassed
- Paciano introduced Jose to Maestro got jealous of him
Justiniano Aquino Cruz then left - Concocted false reports about Jose’s
- The school was a nipa house short misbehavior and then Jose got punished
distance from aunt’s house by lying on his stomach on a long bench
- The children in class including Pedro whipped for 5 to 6 times
(maestro’s son) laughed at Jose
 Jose Leaves Binan
 Classmates Quarrel with Jose - He will leave Binan because he learned
- In the afternoon of his first day, he all the Mestro could teach him
accosted Pedro for teasing him and - Maestro advised that he should be sent
challenged him to a fight to college in Manila
- Jose won - On December 1870, Saturnina sent her
- Jose learned the rudiments of wrestling a letter saying that Talim would dock at
from his Uncle Manuel (sports Binan
enthusiast) - He was to ride in that taking him back to
- After the afternoon class, Jose was Calamba
challenged to an arm wrestling by - He went to town church to pray,
Andres Lakundanan, Jose lost collected pebbles at river and bade
farewell to classmates and maestro
 Takes Lessons in Painting
- Father in law of Joses’s teacher was a  Family Welcomes Jose
painter - Saturday afternoon, December 17,
- Frequent visitor of the studio of painter 1871, Jose left Binan
observing the ability in art - First ride on steamboat
- Old man offered Jose free lessons - Arturo Campos (Frenchman, close
- Jose Guevara and Jose was accepted companion in the ship, a friend of his
as the old man’s apprentices father)
- They became favourite painters of class
 Dona Teodora Imprisoned
- On June, 1872, Dona Teodora was
arrested by Spanish authorities
 - She was sent to provincial jail in Sta. - Intercession of Manuel Xerxes Burgos
Cruz instead of placing her in Calamba (nephew of Fr. Jose Burgos) Jose was
Jail admitted
- Forced to walk 50 kms from Calamba to
Sta. Cruz  Jose Adopts Surname “Rizal”
- She suffered morally and physically - Paciano studied at Colegio de San Jose
because the case was made to drag on using Mercado (he served Fr. Jose
until it reached Real Audencia (Supreme Burgos as office help and secretary)
Court) - “Rizal” (name of flowering plant, green
field)
 Case Vs. Jose’s Mother
- Suspected as accomplice of Dona  Better Educational System
Teodora’s brother, Jose Alberto for - Ateneo run by Jesuits
trying to poison his wife - Rigid discipline, physical culture,
- Wife abandoned their home and children religious instruction, fine arts, scientific
after Jose Alberto went to a business studies
trip in Europe - Courses led to A.B degree
- Jose Alberto found his wife living with - Agriculture, commerce and mechanics
another man (wants to divorce)
- Unfaithful wife connived with Guardia  Classes in Two Groups
Civil to fabricate charges Imperio romano
- Case was defended by Don Francisco - Roman Empire
de Mercaida and Don Manuel Marzano - Student boarders inside college
(most famous lawyers in Manila) Imperio cartaginense
- Found innocent by Real Audiencia - Carthagenian Empire
released on June 1874 - Boarders outside college

THE MOST BRILLIANT ATENEAN  They have ranks:

 Entrance Exams at Letran - Emperador (Emperor)
- Paciano took him to Manila at June 10, - Tribuno (Tribune)
1872 - Decurion (Decurion)
- Colegio de San Juan de Letran - Centurion (Centurion)
- Jose took entrance exams on Christian - Abanderado (Standard – bearer)
doctrine, arithmetic, reading (passed all
of them) (To assume and maintain a high rank, a student had
- Went back to Calamba to celebrate to study hard because a high ranking student could
fiesta be replaced by another upon his failure to answer
- Don Francisco at first wanted to enrol three questions propounded to him.)
Jose at Letran but changed his mind
 Rizal’s First Year in College
 Jose Enrols at Ateneo - June 1872, (first day in Ateneo)
- College registrar, Fr. Magin Ferrando at - Outside boarder (cartaginense)
first refused to admit him (late - Tail – ender at first (only know
registration, sickly, physically below the rudimentary knowledge of Spanish)
standard of his age) - Progressed very rapidly emerging as top
in class
- After one month rose to Emperor
 - He was awarded first prize (a religious Spanish administration in Phil.,
picture; first evidence of intellectual prediction of Spain’s downfall and of
excellence in Ateneo) America’s taking over colonization of
Islands)
 Jose Improves his Spanish
- Improved his Spanish by taking private  Dona Teodora Set Free
lessons at Colegio de Santa Isabel - 3 months after Rizal’s interpretation of
(noon recess) the dream, his mother was set free
- Paying extra 3 pesos monthly - Jose was still in Ateneo, not knowing his
mother was released
 Professor’s Unpleasant Remarks
- His Ateneo prof would utter unpleasant  Rizal’s Junior Year in Ateneo
remarks to him - SY 1874 – 1875 , Junior Year in Ateneo
- Caused him to slacken a little (13 – 14 y/o)
- At the end of second half of the year, he - Dona Teodora arrived in Manila
became second confirming her son’s prophetic
- Although he maintained sobre-saliente - interpretation
grades - Rizal wasn’t satisfied to this year’s
achievements compared to the other
 Rizal Visits His Mother year
- Visited on vacation, March 1873 - Won only one gold medal in Latin
- Gave account on his college studies and - He was surpassed in Spanish by a full
grades blooded Spaniard who spoke native
- On his return, he changes his boarding language with more fluency and proper
house Castillian accents
- Transferred in Intramuros (Dona Pepay)
- During SY 1873 – 1874 regained  Rizal in Fourth Year
supremacy winning a gold medal - Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez had
- Returned to Calamba for another special interest in Jose
vacation (March 1874) - He wanted the boy to develop his innate
talent in literature and poetry
 Jose Interprets Mother’s Dream - Inspired Jose in developing talent in
- She will be released from imprisonment poetry writing
- Dona viewed it as son’s efforts to lessen - Internee at this time
her sorrow - Top of class, won 5 medals
- Showed his high grades in all subjects
 Young Rizal Reads Novels upon return in Calamba during vacation
- Spent his time reading Spanish novels in March 1876
- El Conde de Montecristo by Alexander
Dumas (interested him the most)  Rizal’s Last Year in Ateneo
- due to his eagerness to read Cesar - SY 1876 – 1877 (15 – 16 y/o)
Cantu’s Universal History (he urged his - Most brilliant Atenean
father to buy a copy even at a high - No one among his classmates could
price) excel him in all subjects
- also read Teodor Jagor’s Travels in the - Graduated with highest honors from
Philippines (Rizal paid special attention 1872 – 1877
to author’s expose of shortcomings of  Obtained Highest Grades in:
 - Philosophy - Father Lleonart requested him to carve
- Physics Scared Heart of Jesus
- Biology - Ateneans placed it at the entrance to
- Chemistry their dormitory (20 yrs) as a reminder of
- Languages the greatest Atenean
- Minerology
- Rhetoric and Poetry  Bachelor of Arts Degree
- Botany - March 23, 1877 (graduated with the
- Zoology degree of Bachelor of Arts)
- History etc - 16 y/o
- On graduation day, he prayed at college
 Rizal’s Reads Burgos’ Books chapel thanking the Lord and Virgin
- During student days, Jose would visit Mary
Paciano at the Manila Cathedral at the
office of Fr. Jose Apolonio Burgos y  Two Ateneans Anecdotes
Garcia - Manzano and Lesaca (books hit Rizal
- Paciano allowed Jose to read Fr. but forgave them)
Burgos’ literary works - Julio Melliza (kite on the belfry, Jose got
- No less than 43 volumes the kite)
- He wrote down opinions and - Righteousness and forgiveness
observations which were later included - Helpfulness for anyone who needed
as introductory statements help

 Extracurricular Activities  Verified Drama and Other Poems

- Easily admitted to Academy of Spanish - April and May 1876 (last year)
Literature and to Academy of Natural - Rizal versified Spanish translation in
Sciences prose of St. Eustache Martyr by the
- Exclusive societies for gifted and request of Fr. Francisco de Paula
talented students Sanchez
- Marian Congregation (member then - First published in Dia Filipino on June
secretary because he was a religious 19, 1922 and was included in Poesias
student) de Rizal, a collection of Rizal’s poems
- Fr. Jose Villaclara (advised Jose to by Jaime C. de Veyra
dedicate himself in Philosophy and - Whole versified translation was nearly
Natural Sciences) 2,000 hendesyllabic verses (versos
- He studied painting under Agustin Saez endecasilabos)
- Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus - Each verse with 11 syllables in Spanish
(Filipino) - Rizal wrote 20 other poems at Ateneo
- Physical Culture (extracurr)
- Learned gymnastics and fencing  Rizal’s First Infatuation
- Learned rudiments of body building and - Went to Trozo, Manila to visit
art of self defense (Uncle Manuel) grandmother on mother’s side with
Mariano Katigbak (Lipa, Batangas)
 Rizal’s Sculptural Works - Segunda (sister of Mariano)
- Carved an image of Virgin Mary on a - She was fourteen and he was sixteen
piece of batikuling (pocket – knife) - Urged Rizal to make portrait of the girl
- Jesuit fathers admired it
 - Made frequent visits to La Concordia  Rizal’s First Taste of Brutality
College where Olimpia and Segunda are - One evening while walking in Calamba
classmates he did not recognize a lieutenant of
- Rizal was to leave for Calamba and guardia civil
Segunda for Lipa (last meeting) - Whipped Jose in the back with sword
- The next thing was Jose heard that (took 2 weeks to heal according to his
Segunda is married to Manuel Luz letter dated March 21, 1887 to his
Austrian Friend, Ferdinan Blumentritt)
A DISGUSTED UNIVERSITARIAN - Submitted complaint to Governor Primo
 Rizal Enters the University de Rivera (no action was taken)
- Enrolled at UST took up Philosophy and
Letters (April 1877)  Rizal Wins First Prize in Poetry
- He studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, - Liceo Artistico – Literario de Manila
Theodicy and History of Philosophy (society of arts and literature)
- Continued taking vocational course in - conducted a poetry contest for Filipinos
Surveying and mestizos
- Passed examinations and Surveying - board of judges (Spaniards)
(1878) with Perito Agrimensor (expert - Jose submitted A La juventud Filipina
Surveyor) (To the Philippine Youth)
- Was not given to him until November 25, - Awarded a feather – shaped silver pen
1881 (to reach required age) decorated with gold ribbon
- SY 1878 – 1879 (took Medicine to cure - Ten stanzas, each stanza with 5 verses
failing eyesight of mother) - 1st, 3rd, 4th (pentametric, 5 syllables)
- Encouraged by Fr. Rector of Ateneo - 2nd, 5th (hendecasyllabic, 11 syllables)
- A – b – a – b – b rhyming scheme
 Romance with Leonor Rivera
- Before Leonor, Jose courted 2 other  Wins Another First Prize
girls - 1880 marked the 4th Centennial
Miss L. Commemoration of Spain’s Greatest
Leonor Valenzuela man of letters, Miguel Cervantes de
- Most serious but unsuccessful love affair Saavedra of Don Quijote de la Mancha
was with Leonor Rivera - The Liceo sponsored a national literary
- Cousin from Camiling, Tarlac contest
- Daughter of Rizal’s uncle (Antonio - El consejo de los dioses (The Council of
Rivera; manager of Casa Tomasina, the Gods) by Jose Rizal won
boarding house for students where Rizal - Rendered most honor to Spain’s
lived during Junior Year (1879) at UST) greatest literary genius
- Leonor was a student in La Concordia - Another masterpiece and classic in
College where Soledad (youngest sister) Spanish literature
also studies
- Leonor was 6 years younger than Rizal  UST’s Antagonistic Atmosphere
(April 11, 1867) - Unlike Jesuit fathers of Ateneo,
- The two became secretly engaged Dominican priests showed repulsive
- Leonor as “Taimis” attitudes, grossly disheartening to
- Used invisible inks in their love notes Filipino students
- Filipino who surpassed Spanish are
often called “Indio, chongo”
 - Filipino boys call them “Kastila bangus” - Before sunrise, May 1, 1882, he took a
 Rizal was made head of Filipino secret carromata for Manila reaching the city
societies: after 10 hours
- Companerismo - With money amounting to 700 pesos
- Tres Mosqueteros (Paciano) and a diamond ring he could
sell he boarded Salvadora
- Frequent brawls happened - He used a passport in name of cousin
- Brawl in Escolta, Rizal was wounded in Jose Mercado
the head - Paciano advised him to write
- Leonor Rivera nursed his wound in immediately when he needed money
Casa Tomasina - 35 pesos monthly through Uncle Antonio

 Still Above the Ordinary RIZAL GOES TO EUROPE

- Jose was disgusted and lost enthusiasm  Rizal Boards the Salvadora
in studies but did not affected his studies - May 3, 1882 (heard mass at Sto.
badly Domingo Church, ate breakfast and
boarded at the mouth of Pasig River)
 Rizal takes Advice to Leave - Some of his close friends including
- Rizal remembered opposition of his “Chengoy” Jose M. Castillo bid him
mother of him attending the university goodbye
- Advised by Antonio Rivera, Paciano and
Saturnina  The Only Filipino Passenger
- Decided to leave for Europe and - He found out he was the only Filipino
continue study Medicine in Madrid passenger
- Kept it a tight secret from Spanish - Heard other spoke ill of Philippines
Government and friars
 Singapore after Five Days
 Jose Rizal Bids Farewell - City of Singapore was a sight of beauty
- He visited Jesuit fathers and close to Rizal
friends at Ateneo to bid good bye - Ship stopped at the city for 2 days
- Kind priests gave him letters of - Stayed at Hotel de Paz
recommendation and introduction to - Wrote impressions on his diary and
their society in Barcelona and Madrid some personal letters for Manila
- Last meeting with Leonor
- Rode carromata with Soledad for 5  On Board the “Djemnah”
hours and told her to look after their - Steamboat of Messageries Maritime
parents and extend farewell greetings to (French shipping firm)
Paciano and Saturnina - Bound for Europe
- Bigger and more sanitarian than
 Rizal Outwits the Spaniards Salvadora
- Rizal went back to Calamba to - Took this boat where he met some
seemingly enjoy town fiesta French
- He received rush telegram from Manuel - From Singapore, Djemnah reached
T. Hidalgo (Saturnina’s husband) that Point de Galle
Salvadora will leave for Singapore - May 18, 1882, the steamer left in the
afternoon that same day
- Reached Colombo, Ceylon
 - Crossed Indian Ocean to Café - Las Romblas (enjoyed taking a walk)
Guardafui in Africa
- Weather was stormy, Rizal became  Ateneans Welcome Rizal
seasick - Some Filipinos who were his former
- After 10 days of sailing, May 28, classmates welcomed Rizal
reached coast of Africa - Welcome party (Plaza de Cataluna)
- Proceeded to Aden (very hot place) - They told Rizal places, customs of
- June 2 (arrived at Suez City, Red Sea) Spanish people and historical places
- Rizal informed them about latest
 Enjoys Passage Thru Suez Canal happenings in home country
- Passage gave Rizal enjoyment and
delight  Starts Work of Nationalism
- First time he saw it since construction on - Wrote first Spanish essay (Amor patrio –
November 17, 1869 (8 years after birth) Love of Country) under pseudonym
- After 5 days, Djemnah reached the other Laong Laan
terminal end of Canal, City of Port Said, - Translated by Marcelo Del Pilar and
Mediterranean Sea sent a copy to Diariong Tagalog
- Francisco Calvo (editor) congratulated
 From Port Said to Europe Rizal requested to send him more
- June 11, 1882 from Port Said reached - Rizal wrote another Los viajes (Travels)
Naples - Third essay Revista de Madrid (Madrid
- Entered harbour of Marseilles, France Review)
- He stayed at Hotel Noailles on June 13, - November 29, 1882, returned because
1882 publication stopped due to financial
- Taking special interest in Chateau D’lf difficulties
where Dantes was imprisoned
- Frequented in Plaza de la Concorde  Sad News from Manila
- Paciano wrote in his letter (September
 Arrogance of Immigration Officers 15, 1882) the outbreak of cholera
- From Marseilles, he took the train bound causing death of many people
for Barcelona - Chengoy told the sufferings of Leonor
- Reached Port Buo (stayed 1 day) due to his absence (losing weight and
- Noticed arrogant manner of Spanish became weaker everyday)
immigration officers in contrast with the - Paciano’s another letter (May 26, 1882)
French officers advised Jose to transfer in Madrid to
finish medical course
BARCELONA AND MADRID - Permanent residence (Madrid)
 Rizal Reaches Barcelona
- Second largest city in Spain  Rizal Studies Medicine
- First impression was not favourable - Enrolled in Universidad Central de
- But later found the city to be really great Madrid (Central University of Madrid –
- Atmosphere of freedom and liberalism November 3, 1882)
- He found most of Spaniards - Two courses
openhearted, courageous and - Medicine
hospitable - Philosophy and Letters
- Stayed at Hotel de Espana (Fonda de - Studied painting and sculpture in
Espana) on San Pablo Street Academy of San Carlos
 - Studied French, German, English
(private instructor)  Rizal’s Collection of Books
- Practiced fencing and shooting in Hall of - saved money to buy books
Arms of Sanz and Carbonell  Books
- Improve knowledge in music (operas - The Bible
and concerts) - Hebrew Grammar
- Frequently visited art galleries and - Lives of the Presidents of the United
museums Stated from Washington to Johnson
- Read books on various subjects in - Complete Works of Voltaire (9 vols)
library and learned military engineering - Complete Works of Homer (3 vols)
- Complete Works of C. Bernard (16
 No Time for Pleasure vols)
- Strict frugality in Madrid - History of French Revolution
- Used to invest three pesetas for lottery - The Wandering Jew by Eugene
(Dame Luck) Sue
- Meeting place with some friends living - Ancient Poetry
quarters of Paternos on Calle Sauco, - Works of Thucydides
the Café de Pelayo - The Byzantine Empire
- He used to drink coffee in a little coffee - The Characters of La Bruyere
shop near La Puerto del Sol - The Renaissance
- He and his friends were frequent visitors - Uncle Tom’s Cabin
of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey (liberal - Works of Alexander Dumas
minded Spaniard who had been the civil - Louis XIV
governor of Manila when Don Carlos - His Court
Ma. De la Torre y Navancerrada was the - Books on medicine, philosophy,
captain and governor general of languages, history, geography, arts
Philippines) and sciences

 A Madrilena Loves Rizal  Masonry Entices Rizal

- Every Saturday evening, Rizal and his - 1883 Rizal joined Masonic Lodge Acacia
friends spend time at home of Ortega - Pseudonym Dimasalang
Sisters - Became a Master Mason in Lodge
- Eduardo de Lete was courting Consuelo Solidaridad on November 15, 1890
- Consuelo is in love with Rizal - Became a Master Mason of Le Grand
- Rizal dedicated her a poem (A la Orient France in Paris on February 15,
senorita COYR – To Miss COYR) 1892
- To avoid Consuelo and give way, Rizal
made a trip to Paris in Summer of 1883  Rizal in Financial Distress
- Economic situation in Calamba became
 Rizal Joins a Society worse
- Filipinos and Spanish friends in Madrid - Manager of Dominican Estate raised
organized a society yearly rental
- Circulo Hispano – Filipino (Spanish – - Fat turkey (Don Francisco refused to
Filipino Circle) give friar one)
- Upon insistence of members, Rizal - Paciano had to trim down monthly
wrote Me piden versos (They Ask Me for remittance
Verses)
 - Paciano had to sell Rizal’s horse to send Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente,
him money Valentin Ventura)
- Tutor service by Paciano
 Rizal Starts Writing the Novel
 Rizal Suffers from Hunger - 1884 Rizal finished about half of the
- Won a prize in Greek on empty stomach novel Noli me tangere
(June 25, 1884) - Moved to Paris in 1885 (finished second
- Obliged to accept an invitation to deliver half)
a speech at a banquet at Restaurant - Completed the whole novel in Berlin,
Ingles in honor of 2 great Filipino Germany
painters (Juan Luna and Felix
Resureccion Hidalgo)  No Money to Pay the Printer
- Won the National Exposition of the Arts - December 1886
in Madrid - Suffering hunger, lung sickness, cold,
- Luna (Spoliarium) penniless
- Hidalgo (Christian Virgins Exposed to - Paciano had not sent him money
the Populace) - He almost threw his first novel into fire
- Praised painters in speech and publicly (stated in letter to his friend Fernando
criticized Spaniards in the Philippines Canon)

 Finishes Studies in Spain  Viola Came to the Rescue

- Finished medical studies (June 21, - Middle of December 1886
1884) - Received telegram from Maximo Viola
- Awarded degree of Licentiate in saying he was coming to Berlin to invite
Medicine him to a tour in Europe
- SY 1884 – 1885 obtained degree of - Loaned Rizal 300 pesos to pay for
Doctor of Medicine printing of 2,000 copies
- Not given doctoral diploma due to lack - Postponed trip for the printing
of money for fees - March 29, 1887 (book came out of
- He was also not able to present a thesis printing press)
required - First copy was autographed and given to
- June 19, 1885 (awarded the Licentiate Viola
in Philosophy and Letters with rating of
sobresaliente (Excellent) FRANCE AND GERMANY
 Scientists Recognize Rizal
NOLI ME TANGERE - Rizal chose Ophthalmology
 Purpose of Rizal Law - After studies in Madrid, he left for
- RA No. 1425 France then to Germany to seek
specialization in ophthalmology
 How the Noli Came About - Served as assistant to famous oculists
- Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe’s in Europe, Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (about Negro slaves Berlin
and brutality of American masters)  Became a friend of famous scientists
- January 2, 1882 (house of Paternos) - Dr. Feodor Jagor
proposed writing of a novel - Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
- Unanimously approved (Paterno - Dr. Hans Meyer
brothers, Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, - Dr. Rudolf Virchow
 Rizal Meets Maximo Viola  Beautiful Flowers of Heidelberg
- Met Maximo Viola (a medical student) - Rizal transferred again to 12
- Visited Don Eusebio Corominas (editor Ludwigsplatz where he stayed from
of La Publicidad) owned by Don Miguel February to June 1886
Morayta - April 22, 1886 (A las flores de
 Memorizing German Words Heidelberg – To the Flowers of
- Viola and Rizal lived together on a Heidelberg under Laong Laan
building on Vergara Street - First published in La Solidaridad
- Methodical study of German language (Spanish newspaper edited and
(5 words before sleeping) published by Jaena and Del Pilar)

 Rizal Gives Works of Art  Friendship with Blumentritt

- Left a crayon drawing of Miguel Morayta - Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt
at editorial office of La Publicidad (Austrian ethnologist)
- Made clay bust of Viola’s house - Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz,
companion named Juan Germany
- Rizal reached Paris (October 1885 – - Letter in German (July 31, 1886)
February 1886) - Rizal sent Blumentritt Aritmetica
- Worked as assistant to Dr. Louis de (Spanish and Tagalog – UST 1868)
Weckert (French ophthalmologist) - Blumentritt also sent Rizal 2 books
- Rizal visited Pardo de Taveras
(Trinidad, Felix, and Paz) and studio of  From Heidelberg to Leipzig
Juan Luna - left Heidelberg on August 9, 1886 (lived
- On Paz’ album, Rizal sketched “The for 6 months)
Monkey and the Turtle” - Leipzig from August 14 to October 29,
1886
 Rizal at Luna’s Studio - Enrolled in University of Leipzig (history
- 65 Boulevard Arago, Paris, France and psychology)
- Rizal pose as Egyptian priest in Luna’s - Became a friend of Prof. Friedrich
The Death of Cleopatra Ratzel
- Blood Compact as Sikatuna with Dr. - Translated into Tagalog Hans
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as Miguel Andersen’s Fairy Tales for nieces and
Lopez de Legazpi nephews
- Rizal received 1,000 from Paciano
 Rizal Moves to Heidelberg - Paid Viola 300
- Move to Heidelberg to get acquainted
with German ophthalmologists  Rizal in Berlin with Fever
- February 3 – 17, 1886 (stayed at 16 Karl - Viola from Barcelona respond to Rizal’s
Strasse, Heidelberg Germany) request
- Rizal changed residence (Wilhelmsfield, - Went to Paris to get from Luna his
Germany to live with Pastor Ullmer) diamond solitaire ring
- Rizal worked in the clinic of Dr. Javier - Met Rizal at his residence
Galezowsky
- Also studied medical science under Dr.  Rizal’s Fondness for Languages
Otto Becker - Mastered German (11 months)
- Learn English by German grammar
- Italian by mean of English grammar
 - Mastered French while in Madrid  Rizal Praises German Women
- Under Parisian teacher, Madame Lucie - letter to Trinidad (March 11, 1886)
Cardolle, obtained specialized  Characteristics of German Women
knowledge of French - Serious
- Diligent
 Joins Society of Scientists - Educated
- Joined society of polyglots (members of - Friendly
Geographical and Ethnological Society - Wastes no time for gossips
of Berlin) - Not frivolous
- Present original work (to join) - Not quarrelsome
- Tagalische Verkunst (The Tagalog Art of - Does not love to wear beautiful dress
Versification) nor expensive jewelry
- Written in correct German - But can dress nicely
- German social etiquette (Introduce
 Rizal Studies Bible one self in social gathering -
- Dr. Schultzer (assistant) initiative)
- Dr. Hans Virchow (anatomy)
- Dr. Virchow Sr. (anthtopology) - He advised Trinidad to read and read and
- Studied Hebrew bible learn

 Christ’s Religion Most Perfect  Rizal Hungry and Sick

- According to Maximo Viola by Rizal - Winter of 1886 in Berlin
- Christ was a religious genius - Became physically weak and sick
- Hard cough
 Military Captain Invites Rizal - Ate only 1 meal a day (bread, water,
- General Moltke invited Rizal to celebrate cheap vegetable soup)
New Year with Family
- Chinese clay jars for console tables  Last Fifteen Days in Berlin
painted with Chinese ink - Viola and Rizal spent their time in
recreational activities walking around the
 Rizal Suspected as French Spy city from 6 to 8 hours
- Dr. Feodor Jagor said to Rizal that he - Followed same routine everyday
was being threatened of deportation
from Germany  Rizal and Viola in Potsdam
- German chief of police visited Rizal - Always with a pedometer to guide them
early and asked to show him his in the city
passport - Succeeded to know in detail the
- Police prefecture (4 days) fantastic mausoleum with marble
- Went to Spanish Legation (Count of statues of Frederick the Great
Benomar is not authorized to issue)
- After proper investigations, it was found  Floriculture in Dresden
out that Rizal is visiting many places in - One of the best cities in Germany
Germany to study ethnography of - To study it, they spent more time
Germany witnessing regional exhibition of
floriculture
  Rizal Wires Blumentritt - After finding the pin, Blumentritt sent it in
- Proceeded to Treschen (nothing a perfumed package
notable)
- Dr. Feodor Jagor suggested that they IN OTHER CITIES OF EUROPE
should send a letter ahead of visit to  Rizal Thinks of Friends
Blumentritt (- nervous) - May 19, 1887, Rizal and Viola reached
- After sending the telegram, they left for the city of Brunn, Austria
Leitmerits - Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt
MEETING OF GREAT FRIENDS
 Rizal and Viola in Leitmeritz  Rizal and Viola in Prague
- May 13, 1887 (arrived at Leitmeritz) - They got acquainted with Dr. Wellkomm,
- Blumentritt met them at railway station professor of natural history in the
(they embraced upon seeing each other) University of Prague
- Led them to Hotel Krebs (Crabs) Room - They saw the tomb of Copernicus; the
12 museum of natural history; the
- Rozsa Blumentritt (good cook) bacteriological laboratories; and the
- Child Dolores (Dorita), Conrad, Frits famous cave where San Juan
Nepomucceno was imprisoned
 German Cold Doesn’t Bother Rizal
- Learned that Blumentritt was secretary  Vienna Impresses Rizal
to Tourists’ Club - Rizal and Viola arrived in the city of
- Hold a meeting (board of directors) Vienna (May 20, 1887)
- Jose Krombholz greeted two Filipinos - They get to know Norfenfals, one of the
- Rizal delivered a German speech greatest novelists in Europe
- They also got acquainted with two
 Blumentritt Goes with Rizal and Viola Austrian scholars, Masner and Nordman
- Blumentritt accompanies them to see
places of interest  Rizal Remembers Dorita
- When he is not around, he would - Rizal and Viola are still in the city of
request a friend to take his place (Dr. Vienna (May 24, 1887)
Klutschack) - Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt’s eldest
daughter, Dorita
 Rizal Likened to a Rare Comet
- Rizal wants to leave a souvenir to  Beautiful Sights of Danube
Blumentritt - Rizal and Viola went sightseeing the
- Produced a picture of Blumentritt in beautiful sights along the banks of
dining room chair Danube River (May 25, 1887)
- Blumentritt offered them a banquet night - They reached the city of Lintz
before they will leave on Schutzen
Inseln (Shooter’s Isle)  Travel on Land to Rheinfall
- Rizal and Viola continue their travels by
 Rizal Loses Diamond Necktie Pin land to Salsburg.
- Blumentritt family and Prof. Klutschack - They proceeded to Nuremberg, one of
accompanied Rizal and Viola to railway the oldest German cities
station (9:45; May 16, 1887)
- Few days after arrival at Vienna, Rizal
wrote about the necktie pin
 They Move to Ulm  Viola and Friends Dissuade Rizal
- Rizal and Viola visited the cathedral in - Maximo Viola sent out copies of Rizal’s
the city of Ulm. Noli me Tangere to the Governor and
- They reached Rheinfall where the two Captain General of the Philippines and
saw the most beautiful waterfall in the Archbishop of Manila
Europe. - Viola and his friends including Antonio
Regidor, Juan Luna, and many others,
 Crossing the German Frontier warned Rizal about the danger of return
- Rizal and Viola left Rheinfall, crossing to his native land.
the German frontier, for Schaffhausen, - Rizal’s decision to return home was
Switzerland unchangeable
- They went to Basel, Bern, and Lausanne
- After leaving Lausanne on a little boat,  A God-given Mandate
they crossed the foggy Leman Lake to - Viola proposed to Rizal to change his
reach the famous city of Geneva nationality, to which Rizal turned down

 Rizal’s Birthday in Geneva RIZAL RETURNS HOME

- Rizal and Geneva stayed in Geneva until  From Marseilles to Saigon
June 23, 1887 - From Rome, Rizal went to Marseilles, a
- Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in the French port
city of Geneva (June 19, 1887) - From Marseilles, he boarded the steamer
- Rizal and Viola parted ways (June 23, Djemnah bound for Saigon (it departed
1887) at July 3, 1887)
- Viola went back to Barcelona, Rizal
continued to Italy  Singapore Isn’t so Impressive Now
- Djemnah arrived at Singapore (July 28,
 Rizal’s Tour of Italy 1887)
- Rizal visited Italian cities namely, Turin, - Singapore had gone down below the
Milan, Venice, and Florence standards of more beautiful and bigger
- On June 27, 1887, Rizal reached Rome, cities Rizal had seen
the “City of the Caesars” - Djemnah arrived at Saigon (July 30,
1887)
 Rizal Visits the Vatican
- Rizal visits the Vatican during the Feast  Rizal Dreams of His Father
Day of St. Peter and St. Paul. (June 29, - The night after arriving at Saigon, Rizal
1887) dreamt of his father, with the father
signifying him of his death
 Motives to Return Home
- Rizal’s Noli me Tangere caused an  From Saigon to Manila
uproar among the Spaniards in Manila - Rizal boarded the steamer Haiphong
- Rizal’s family and relatives advised him bound for Manila (August 2, 1887)
not to return home because of the - Haiphong arrived at Manila (August 5,
impending danger 1887)
- Rizal did not listen to them
 From Manila to Calamba
- Rizal took the steamer Biñang bound for
Calamba (August 8, 1887)
  Family, Friends Welcome Rizal  Explanation Pleases Governor
- After reuniting with his friends and family, - Because of Rizal’s explanation, the
Rizal was warned to never go out alone Governor became eager to read his
novels.
RIZAL’S INTERLUDE IN CALAMBA
 Rizal Opens Medical Clinic  A Bodyguard for Rizal
- Rizal put up a medical clinic in Calamba, - The Governor assigned a young Spanish
his hometown lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade,
- He successfully operated on his mother’s as Rizal’s bodyguard
eyes and restored her sight, which was
considered as a miracle  Rizal’s Powerful Enemies
- Rizal was soon called, “Doctor Aleman” - Mngr. Pedro Payo, the Dominican
because he came from Alemania Archbishop of Manila sent a copy of the
(Germany) Noli me Tangere to the Dominican
professors who were antagonistic to
 Rizal Puts Up a Gymnasium Rizal
- Rizal opens a gymnasium to improve - The professors sent an incriminating
young Calambeños physically, through report to the Archbishop
European sports.
- Rizal also taught them fencing, target  Report Dissatisfies Governor
practice by shooting and physical culture - The Governor declined the report, as he
to disengage the youth from gambling known that it came from people who
and cockfighting were antagonistic to Rizal
- The Governor sent the novel to the
 Love with Leonor Rivera Commission of Censorship, the
- Rizal failed to see his long-time Commission, however, found the book
sweetheart, Leonor Rivera. subversive to the Church and Spain and
- Rizal was absolutely dissuaded by his prohibited it to be made public in the
parents country.
- Leonor’s mother bitterly opposed Rizal’s
marriage to her daughter  Governor Uncowed by Friars
- The Governor remained adamant in
 Rizal’s Other Activities finding not strong justification against the
- Rizal attended to his gymnasium and author of Noli me Tangere and the
took part in the town’s civic and social people caught reading it despite the
activities frailocratic vehemence for repressive
- Rizal also painted beautiful landscapes measures
and translated the German poems of
Von Wildernath into Tagalog  Champions of Antagonism
- Father Font printed his report and
 Tentacles Start Moving distributed the copies around, especially
- Governor General Emilio Terrero invited in the Church
Rizal to come to Malacanang for an - A pamphlet entitled Caiingat Cayo was
interview. printed in 1888 to warn the readers about
- Rizal explained to the Governor about Rizal’s Noli me Tangere because it
his novel because it was reported that would be a sin. (Fr. Jose Rodriquez was
his novels contained subversive ideas the author)
 - Another Spanish writer, Vicente - Rizal prepared a memorandum for the
Barrantes attacked Rizal’s novel through government, listing down his findings to
a published Madrid newspaper in present the complaints and grievances
January 1890 from the farmers of Calamba
- Spanish Senators Vida and Pando, and - No action was taken from the
member of the Lower House of the government as they cowered before the
Spanish Cortes, General Salamanca, monastic powers
also delivered acrimonious invective - Rizal again sought help from the
against Rizal’s novel government but no action was taken
- Frailocracy maintained an upper hand
 Tirades Against Detractors over the government.
- Marcelo del Pilar authored a pamphlet
titled Caiingat Cayo to contradict Fr. RIZAL MOVES AWAY FROM TENTACLES
Rodriguez’s Caiingat Cayo  Governor Advises Rizal to Go
- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Rizal’s - After expose of despicable tenancy in
rhetoric professor in Ateneo, publicly Calamba, friars further inflamed in
defended Rizal’s novel exasperation
- Rev. Vicente Garcia also published a - Friars exerted pressure on Malacanang
pamphlet in Singapore (July 18, 1888) to to eliminate him
contradict Fr. Rodriguez’s arguments - Parents receive threats through letters
against Rizal and his novel - Family urged him to depart
- Due to the controversy over the Noli me - Governor Terrero summoned Rizal to
Tangere, the price per copy rose from P1 Malacanang and told him to leave
to P50. - Rizal would refuse to go if mot for his
family’s safety
 Rizal Meets Viola in Manila
- Rizal met his friend Maximo Viola upon  Rizal Dedicates a Poem
his arrival in Manila (December 1887) - Friend requested a poem
- Viola recommended Rizal to Lorenzo - Himno al trabajo (dignity of labor)
Tuazon, a man suffering from eye - Dedicated to Lipa agri workers
ailment from Malabon
 Rizal Leaves Calamba
 Governor Protects Rizal - During last days of 1887, Rizal left
- The Governor protected Rizal by Calamba for Manila (steamer Bakal)
assigning Lt. Andrade as Rizal’s
personal bodyguard  From Manila to Hongkong
- Rizal’s enemies passed around a - February 3, 1888 (5 pm)
groundless and malicious tale about Lt. - Rizal left Manila bound for Hongkong
Andrade (boat Zafiro)
- Death of Rizal’s elder sister Olimpia, the - Rizal lodged at Victoria School and
fourth child of the Rizal family (1855- dined at Victoria Hotel
1887) - Wrote letters to Manila (first thing he did
in Hongkong)
 Agrarian Problems in Calamba - Ordered deceased sister Olimpia portrait
- Governor General Emilio Terrero ordered to be made
an official investigation of the agrarian
problems in Calamba
 Hongkong’s Chinese Festival - Tokyo diplomatic authorities were
- February 11, 1888 (festival) instructed to watch Rizal’s movements
- Jose Maria Basa (friend; exiled to in Japan
Maranas Islands by Spanish Govt) - Juan Perez Caballero (secretary of
- Rizal visited American ship Oceanic Spanish Legation visited him at hotel)
- Later he and his friends ate at the house - Rizal was invited to stay at Spanish
of Yong Heng Legation (agreed)
- Watched chinese theatre (understood it
with the help of Martinez)  Rizal Studies Japanese
- Due to embarrassment, he studies
 Wealthy Dominican Fathers Japanese
- Rizal learned from Laurel that - Able to speak after a few days
Dominican fathers owned more than 750 - Studied Japanese drama (kabuki), arts,
houses in Hongkong music, judo
- Stockholders of banks - Japanese musicians stun Rizal (Filipinos
- Dominicans engaged in business were the one playing the Major
- They owned 1,000 houses instruments)

 From Hongkong to Macao  Romance with a Japanese Girl

- February 18, 1887 (boarded Kiu – - Middle of March 1888
Kiang) - Rizal entered a store in Yokohama
- Bound for Macao owend by Usui – san
- Jose Saenz de Veranda (former sec of - He approached a lovely young woman
Gen. Terrero) named Seiko Usui
- Jose Ma. Basa (Chief of Forests) - She can speak French, English,
- Group lodged in the house of Don Juan Japanese
Francisco Lecaros - Rizal called her Osei – san
- The next day, the group left Macao in - Even though tempted to settle down with
same boat Seiko, Rizal, a true patriot left Japan

 From Hongkong to Japan  Across Pacific Ocean

- Left Hongkong at 12:15 on February 22, - Left Yokohama (April 13, 1888)
1887 (Oceanic) - Steamer Belgic bound for San
- Cabinmate was a Protestant Pastor Francisco, California
- Arrived at Yokohama early in the - One of the co passenger is Tetcho
morning (February 28, 1887 Suehiro (Japanese newspaperman)
- A man from Grand Hotel met Rizal and - Storm Over the Southern Sea (Suehiro)
his co passengers where they registered – Takayama
for lodging - They parted in London

 Tokyo Impresses Rizal  Boys Discovers a Celebrity

- Next day, Rizal went to Tokyo (Tokyo - Rizal met Mrs. Emma Jackson
Hotel) - Mother felt happy to know Rizal
- Stayed from March 2 to 7 personally (a celebrity)
- Returned to Yokohama
RIZAL IN AMERICA AND ENGLAND  From New York to Liverpool
 Rizal Arrive in San Francisco - Rizal boarded City of Rome (second
- Arrived on April 28, 1888 largest ship in the world)
- Ship was quarantined and passengers - Left May 16, 1888
weren’t allowed to land due to cholera - Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty
- May 17 (met 2 big steamers)
 Politics Reason for Quarantine - May 24 (arrived at Liverpool afternoon)
- Politics motivated the quarantine - Registered at Adelphi Hotel
because of 643 Chinese coolies
 From Liverpool to London
 They Allowed Rizal to Land - May 25 (11 am)
- May 4, 1888 (Registered at Palace - Left Liverpool for London
Hotel)
- Paid 4 dollars a day  Boards with Beckett Family
- Rizal stayed for a short time with
 Rizal Goes to Oakland practicing Lawyer Dr. Antonio Ma.
- After 2 days stay Regidor
- Rizal left on May 6, 1888 for Oakland - small boarding place (Beckett Family)
- Took ferry boat
- May 7 (Nevada)  Acquaintance with Dr. Rost
- Dr. Reinhold Rost
 From Ogden to Denver - Librarian of Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Now in state of Utah - He called Rizal “a pearl of man”
- 3rd state they had passed
 Good and Sad News From Home
 Rizal Wakes Up at Colorado - Those who signed the “Petition of 1888”
- May 9 (Colorado) were persecuted
- 4th state - Agrarian problems in Calamba handled
by Dominican friars (Farmers were
 Nebraska at Dawn, Then Illinois persecuted)
- May 10 - Manuel T. Hidalgo (Saturnina’s
- 4 pm (train arrived at Omaha) Husband) was exiled to Bohol
- Saw Missouri River - Christian burial denied the deceased
Mariano Herbosa (Lucia’s Husband)
 Chicago to Niagara Falls - Laureano Viado (friend of Rizal, med
- May 11 student) was imprisoned because a
- 8:25 pm (train left Chicago) copy of Noli was found in his possession
- May 12 (in Wagner Car) - November 1, 1888 (Mariano Ponce
- Saw Niagara Falls wrote to Rizal informing that Rev.
- Stopped for how many hours to see Vicente Garcia defended Noli)
beautiful points

 Along Hudson River

- May 13 (Albany)
- Travel ended on May 13, 11 am