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    Chlorine Use & Safety Precaution: Umar Farooq

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    Hassan Faraz
    The document discusses chlorine usage, chlorination processes, and health and safety aspects of chlorine. It explains that chlorine is used to kill microorganisms in cooling water systems and a residual of 0.3-0.5 ppm must be maintained. Chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions in water. Exposure to chlorine can cause irritation at low levels and respiratory distress or death at higher concentrations. Precautions like ventilation and protective equipment are recommended when handling chlorine.

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    Chlorine Use & Safety Precaution: Umar Farooq

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Faraz
    47 views17 pages
    The document discusses chlorine usage, chlorination processes, and health and safety aspects of chlorine. It explains that chlorine is used to kill microorganisms in cooling water systems and a residual of 0.3-0.5 ppm must be maintained. Chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions in water. Exposure to chlorine can cause irritation at low levels and respiratory distress or death at higher concentrations. Precautions like ventilation and protective equipment are recommended when handling chlorine.

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    Chlorine

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    The document discusses chlorine usage, chlorination processes, and health and safety aspects of chlorine. It explains that chlorine is used to kill microorganisms in cooling water systems and a residual of 0.3-0.5 ppm must be maintained. Chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions in water. Exposure to chlorine can cause irritation at low levels and respiratory distress or death at higher concentrations. Precautions like ventilation and protective equipment are recommended when handling chlorine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views17 pages

    Chlorine Use & Safety Precaution: Umar Farooq

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Faraz
    The document discusses chlorine usage, chlorination processes, and health and safety aspects of chlorine. It explains that chlorine is used to kill microorganisms in cooling water systems and a residual of 0.3-0.5 ppm must be maintained. Chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions in water. Exposure to chlorine can cause irritation at low levels and respiratory distress or death at higher concentrations. Precautions like ventilation and protective equipment are recommended when handling chlorine.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Chlorine Use & Safety

    Precaution

    Prepared By : -
    Umar Farooq
    Chemist “A” Chemical Section
    [email protected]
    [email protected]
    SEC Shuaibah Jeddah
    Saudi Arabia 1
    Chlorine Usage

    1. Chlorine is used in power plant for kill


    microorganism in Cooling Water System .

    2.Residual chlorine of 0.3-0.5 ppm is to be


    maintained in the system just before the
    TBS Intake and Outfall Water .

    3.Chlorine existing in water as hypochlorus


    and hypochlorus acid ion ( Hypochlorite )
    Define as free available chlorine.

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 2
    Chlorination
     HOCl <7 8> H + OCl
    Hypochlorous Acid
     At the higher pH range as the ratio of Ocl
    increase as the sterilization effect of chlorine
    compound decrease.
     It is practically observed that the sterilization
    force of Ocl is approximately 20 time less as that
    of HOCl
     HOCl has significantly higher effect than Ocl

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 3
    Chlorine compound
     Chlorine compound used for sterilization of
    microorganism
     Chlorine gas Cl2
     Calcium hypochlorite Ca ( Ocl )2
     Sodium hypochlorite Naocl
     Cl2 + H2O HOCl +HCl
     Ca (Ocl )2+ H2O HOCl +Ca ( OH )2

     NaOcl + H2O HOCl + NaOH


    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “
    Shuaibah Jeddah 4
    Chlorine dioxide
     5Naclo2 + 4Hcl 4Clo2 +5Nacl +2H2o
     Chlorine dioxide use for potable water
    disinfection
     To protect drinking water from disease causing
    organisms, or pathogens
     Chlorine has been hailed as the savior against
    cholera an acute infectious disease of the small intestine ,and
    various other water-borne diseases
    Chlorine dioxide

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 5
    Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH )

    Original IDLH Value Revised IDLH Value


    Substance
    ppm ppm

    Carbon Mono Oxide 1500 1200

    Chlorine 30 10

    Chlorine dioxide 10 05

    Chloroform 1000 500

    Hydrazine 80 50

    Iodine 10 2

    Ammonia 500 300

    Bromine 10 3

    50 20
    Nitrogen dioxide

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 6
    Chlorine Health Effects Table
    Bulletin work safe Alberta CH 067-Chemical Hazards

    Chlorine Concentration ppm Health Effect

    0.03-0.04 Range of odor threshold

    1-3 Mid irritation of the eyes, nose and throat

    Stinging or burring in the eyes, nose and


    3-6 throat, headache, watering eyes, sneezing,
    coughing, breathing difficulty, bloody nose.
    Severe irritation of the eyes, nose and
    5-10
    respiratory tract
    Immediately dangerous to life and health
    10 ( IDLH ) Concentration

    10-25 May be fatal after 30 minutes of exposure.

    Immediate breathing difficulty, build up of fluid


    in the lungs ( pulmonary edema)possibly
    >25
    causing suffocation and death. Pulmonary
    edema may be immediate or delayed
    >1000 Fatal after a few breaths

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 7
    Safety Precaution of Chlorine

     It is a very corrosive chemical


     It causes burns to skin and eyes
     It is harmful if ingested, inhaled
     it may cause skin irritation
     If it comes in contact with skin, immediately
    wash the skin with plenty of water
     Flush the eyes if it comes in contact with the
    eyes

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 8
    Chlorine Effect On Respiratory System
    External Effect
    1. Directly attack to cilia
    2. Na & K pump damage
    3. Surfactant damage

    Internal Effect
    1. GHS activate nephritic factor
    2. Capillary damage
    3. Sensory nerve
    4. Interstitium
    Abbreviation
    Alveoli
    ASC Ascorbate
    Surfactant defensive system to
    prevent shrinking
    X Secondary Intermediate
    IL8 To digest to kill

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 9
     Ifinhaled, the person should be
    immediately removed to fresh air and
    medical attention should be sought if signs
    of suffocation
     Eyes should be protected
     Chlorine is corrosive to metallic material
     To avoid corrosion should be maintain
    proper dosing

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 10
    Acute Effects of Chlorine
     Tickling of the nose at 0.014 to 0.054(ppm);
     Tickling of the throat at 0.04 to 0.097 ppm;
     Tickling of the nose and cough, stinging, or
    dryness of the nose and throat at 0.06 to 0.3
    ppm;
     Burning of the conjunctiva and pain after 15
    minutes at 0.35 to 0.72 ppm;
     Discomfort ranging from ocular and respiratory
    irritation to coughing, shortness of breath, and
    headaches above 1.0 ppm.
    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “
    Shuaibah Jeddah 11
    Materials Causing Immediate and
    Serious Toxic Effects
    Characteristics

    May cause immediate


    death or serious injury if
    inhaled, swallowed, or
    absorbed through the skin

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 12
    Chlorine Advantages
     Economical
     Traditional technology
     Chlorine kill microorganism by destroying
    cell wall of the microorganism with there
    oxidizing forces

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 13
    The most Microbiology
    prevalent
    problems Glycocalyx
    Outer Membrane
    in Cytoplasm
    Periplasmic
    Cooling Space DNA Proteins

    water Flagellum
    Cell Membrane
    systems Phospholipids Hydrophilic groups
    Hydrophobic groups
    are related
    to
    microbiolo Phospholipid molecules
    gy Proteins

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 14
    Bacteria

    Typical Rods Slime Formers

    Anaerobic Iron Depositing

    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “


    Shuaibah Jeddah 15
    Chlorine Disadvantages
     Slower kill at high pH
     Consumed by ammonia, sulfides, iron, manganese, &
    hydrocarbons
     Volatile and easily stripped, thus high usage rates
     High feed rates and residuals can cause higher
    corrosion rates
     Poor control (or slug treatment) leads to degradation of
    water treatment compounds -- e.g. organic phosphate
    and tolyltriazole
     Chlorinated organics, e.g., THM’s, are toxic, regulated,
    and persistent in the environment
    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “
    Shuaibah Jeddah 16
    Umar Farooq Chemist “ A “
    Shuaibah Jeddah 17

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