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book Page 1 Friday, March 7, 2003 11:53 AM
SuperStack® 3
Switch 4400 Series
Getting Started Guide
3C17203
3C17204
3C17205
3C17206
http://www.3com.com/
Part No. DUA1720-3AAA05

Published January 2003
DUA1720-3AAA05.book Page 2 Friday, March 7, 2003 11:53 AM
3Com Corporation Copyright © 2003, 3Com Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced
5500 Great America in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or
adaptation) without written permission from 3Com Corporation.
Parkway, Santa Clara,
3Com Corporation reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time
California 95052-8145 to time without obligation on the part of 3Com Corporation to provide notification of such revision or change.
3Com Corporation provides this documentation without warranty, term, or condition of any kind, either
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changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this documentation at any time.
If there is any software on removable media described in this documentation, it is furnished under a license
agreement included with the product as a separate document, in the hard copy documentation, or on the
removable media in a directory file named LICENSE.TXT or !LICENSE.TXT. If you are unable to locate a copy,
please contact 3Com and a copy will be provided to you.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGEND
If you are a United States government agency, then this documentation and the software described herein are
provided to you subject to the following:
All technical data and computer software are commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense.
Software is delivered as “Commercial Computer Software” as defined in DFARS 252.227-7014 (June 1995) or
as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) and as such is provided with only such rights as are
provided in 3Com’s standard commercial license for the Software. Technical data is provided with limited rights
only as provided in DFAR 252.227-7015 (Nov 1995) or FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987), whichever is applicable.
You agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or
documentation contained in, or delivered to you in conjunction with, this User Guide.
Unless otherwise indicated, 3Com registered trademarks are registered in the United States and may or may
not be registered in other countries.
3Com, the 3Com logo and SuperStack are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation.
Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows
NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of
Novell, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively
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All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are
associated.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT
It is the policy of 3Com Corporation to be environmentally-friendly in all operations. To uphold our policy, we
are committed to:
Establishing environmental performance standards that comply with national legislation and regulations.
Conserving energy, materials and natural resources in all operations.
Reducing the waste generated by all operations. Ensuring that all waste conforms to recognized environmental
standards. Maximizing the recyclable and reusable content of all products.
Ensuring that all products can be recycled, reused and disposed of safely.
Ensuring that all products are labelled according to recognized environmental standards.
Improving our environmental record on a continual basis.
End of Life Statement
3Com processes allow for the recovery, reclamation and safe disposal of all end-of-life electronic components.
Regulated Materials Statement
3Com products do not contain any hazardous or ozone-depleting material.
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The documentation for this product is printed on paper that comes from sustainable, managed forests; it is
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the inks are vegetable-based with a low heavy-metal content.
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
This guide provides all the information you need to install and use a
SuperStack® 3 Switch 4400 in its default state.
This guide is intended for use with Switch 4400 models:

■ 3C17203, 3C17205 and 3C17206 — 24 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports
■ 3C17204 — 48 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports
All procedures described in this guide apply to all models except where
stated.
The guide is intended for use by network administrators who are

responsible for installing and setting up network equipment;
consequently, it assumes a basic working knowledge of LANs (Local Area
Networks).
Before You Start This section contains information about the CD-ROM that accompanies
your Switch 4400.
Release Notes The CD-ROM contains Release Notes which provide important
information about the current software release, including new features,
modifications, and known problems. You should read the Release Notes
before installing the Switch in your network.
If the information in the Release Notes differ from the information in this
guide, follow the instructions in the Release Notes.
About Your CD-ROM The CD-ROM also contains the following:
■ Online documentation for the Switch 4400 — refer to Related

Documentation on page 5 for details.
4 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
■ 3Com Network Supervisor — a powerful and easy-to-use network

management platform.
■ A number of other useful applications.
Most user guides and release notes are available in Adobe Acrobat
Reader Portable Document Format (PDF) or HTML on the 3Com
World Wide Web site:
Conventions Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Table 1 Notice Icons
Icon Notice Type Description

Information note Information that describes important features or
instructions
Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data or
potential damage to an application, system, or device
Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal injury
Table 2 Text Conventions

Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface represents information as it appears on the
screen.
Syntax The word “syntax” means that you must evaluate the syntax
provided and then supply the appropriate values for the
placeholders that appear in angle brackets. Example:
To change your password, use the following syntax:
system password <password>
In this example, you must supply a password for <password>.
Commands The word “command” means that you must enter the
command exactly as shown and then press Return or Enter.
Commands appear in bold. Example:
To display port information, enter the following command:
bridge port detail
The words “enter” When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type
and “type” something, and then press Return or Enter. Do not press
Return or Enter when an instruction simply says “type.”
Related Documentation 5
Table 2 Text Conventions (continued)

Convention Description
Keyboard key names If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key
names are linked with a plus sign (+). Example:
Press Ctrl+Alt+Del
Words in italics Italics are used to:
■ Emphasize a point.
■ Denote a new term at the place where it is defined in the
text.
■ Identify menu names, menu commands, and software
button names. Examples:
From the Help menu, select Contents.
Click OK.
Related In addition to this guide, each Switch documentation set includes the
Documentation following:
■ SuperStack 3 Switch Implementation Guide
This guide contains information on the features supported by your
Switch and how they can be used to optimize your network. It is
supplied in PDF format on the CD-ROM that accompanies the Switch.
■ SuperStack 3 Switch Management Quick Reference Guide
This guide contains:
■ a list of the features supported by the Switch.
■ a summary of the web interface and command line interface
commands for the Switch.
■ SuperStack 3 Switch Management Interface Reference Guide
This guide provides detailed information about the web interface and
command line interface that enable you to manage the Switch. It is
supplied in HTML format on the CD-ROM that accompanies the
Switch.
■ Release Notes
These notes provide information about the current software release,
including new features, modifications, and known problems. The
Release Notes are supplied in HTML format on the CD-ROM that
accompanies the Switch.
6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
There are other publications you may find useful, such as:
■ Documentation accompanying the Advanced Redundant Power
system.
■ Documentation accompanying the Expansion Modules.
■ Documentation accompanying 3Com Network Supervisor. This is
supplied on the CD-ROM that accompanies the Switch.
Accessing Online To access the documentation on the CD-ROM supplied with your Switch,
Documentation do the following:
1 Insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. If your PC has auto-run
enabled, a splash screen will be displayed automatically.
2 Select the Documentation section from the contents page.
If the online documentation is to be accessed from a local drive or server,

you will need to access the CD-ROM contents via the root directory and
copy the files from the CD-ROM to a suitable directory.
■ The HTML Reference Guide is stored in the Docs/reference

directory on the CD-ROM. The documentation is accessed using the
contents.htm file.
■ The PDF Implementation Guide is stored in the
Docs/implementation directory of the CD-ROM.
3Com recommends that you copy the Docs/reference directory as a

whole to maintain the structure of the files.
Documentation Your suggestions are very important to us. They will help make our
Comments documentation more useful to you. Please e-mail comments about this
document to 3Com at:
[email protected]
Please include the following information when commenting:

■ Document title
■ Document part number (on the title page)
■ Page number (if appropriate)
Product Registration 7
Example:
Part Number DUA 1720-3AAA05
SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 PWR Series Getting Started Guide
Page 21
Please note that we can only respond to comments and questions about
3Com product documentation at this e-mail address. Questions related to
technical support or sales should be directed in the first instance to your
network supplier.
Product You can now register your SuperStack 3 Switch on the 3Com web site to
Registration receive up-to-date information on your product:
http://www.3com.com/register
8 ABOUT THIS GUIDE

CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS GUIDE

Before You Start 3
Release Notes 3
About Your CD-ROM 3
Conventions 4
Related Documentation 5
Accessing Online Documentation 6
Documentation Comments 6
Product Registration 7
1 INTRODUCING THE
SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400
About the Switch 4400 14
Summary of Hardware Features 14
Switch 4400 — Front View Detail 15
10BASE-T/ 100BASE-TX Ports 16
LEDs 17
Switch 4400 — Rear View Detail 19
Power Socket 20
Redundant Power System Socket 20
Console Port 20
Expansion Module Slots 20
Default Settings 21
2 INSTALLING THE SWITCH

Package Contents 24
Choosing a Suitable Site 24
Rack-mounting 25
Placing Units On Top of Each Other 27
Stacking Units 27
How To Stack Units 27
Rules For Stacking Units 29

The Power-up Sequence 30
Powering-up the Switch 4400 30
Checking for Correct Operation of LEDs 30
Connecting a Redundant Power System 30
Using PoE 31
Choosing the Correct Cables 32
3 SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Setting Up Overview 36
IP Configuration 37
Preparing for Management 38
Manually Configuring IP Information 39
Connecting to a Front Panel Port 39
Connecting to the Console Port 42
Viewing Automatically Configured IP Information 46
Using 3Com Network Supervisor 46
Connecting to the Console Port 46
Methods of Managing a Switch 49
Command Line Interface Management 49
Web Interface Management 50
SNMP Management 50
Setting Up Command Line Interface Management 50
CLI Management via the Console Port 50
CLI Management over the Network 51
Setting Up Web Interface Management 52
Pre-requisites 52
Web Management Over the Network 53
Setting Up SNMP Management 53
Pre-requisites 53
Default Users and Passwords 54
Changing Default Passwords 54
4 PROBLEM SOLVING
Solving Problems Indicated by LEDs 56
Solving Hardware Problems 57
Solving Communication Problems 60
Solving Software Upgrade Problems 61
A SAFETY INFORMATION
Important Safety Information 64
L’information de Sécurité Importante 65
Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen 67
B PIN-OUTS
Null Modem Cable 69
PC-AT Serial Cable 69
Modem Cable 70
RJ-45 Pin Assignments 70
C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Switch 4400 (24-port) and Switch 4400 SE 73
Switch 4400 PWR (24-port) 75
Switch 4400 (48-port) 76
D TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Online Technical Services 77
World Wide Web Site 77
3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 78
3Com FTP Site 78
Support from Your Network Supplier 78
Support from 3Com 79
Internet Support 79
Telephone Support 79
Returning Products for Repair 81
INDEX
REGULATORY NOTICES
1 INTRODUCING THE
SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400
This chapter contains introductory information about the Switch 4400

and how it can be used in your network. It covers summaries of hardware
and software features and also the following topics:
■ About the Switch 4400
■ Switch 4400 — Front View Detail
■ Switch 4400 — Rear View Detail
■ Default Settings
14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400
About the Switch The Switch 4400 is a stackable 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch and
4400 provides high-performance work groups with a backbone to server
connection. The Switch 4400 allows Cascade, Gigabit Ethernet or Fast
Ethernet Fiber connections when expansion modules are installed in the
expansion slots on the rear of the unit. You can also add the Switch 4400
to any SuperStack® system as your network grows.
The Switch 4400 PWR (3C17205) supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) on
all front panel ports. If you plug in a compatible (IEEE 802.3af compliant)
device, it will be automatically detected and power supplied to it. PoE is
enabled on each port by default.
Summary of Table 3 summarizes the hardware features that are supported by the
Hardware Features Switch 4400.
Table 3 Hardware features
Feature Switch 4400

Addresses ■ Up to 8000 supported
■ Up to 64 permanent entries
Auto-negotiation ■ Supported on all ports
■ Auto MDI/MDI-X
Forwarding Modes Store and Forward
Duplex Modes Half and full duplex on all front panel ports
Flow Control In full duplex operation all ports are supported
Smart Auto-sensing Supported on all ports
Traffic Prioritization Supported (using the IEEE Std 802.ID, 1998 Edition):
4 queues per port
Power over Ethernet Supported on all front panel ports (3C17205 only).
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Auto-negotiating 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports
Ports
RPS Support Connects to SuperStack 3 Advanced Redundant
Power System (ARPS) (3C16071B)
Mounting 19-inch rack or stand-alone mounting
Stacking All Switch units in the stack can be managed as a
single entity with one IP address
Switch 4400 — Figure 1 Switch 4400 (24-port) / Switch 4400 SE — front view 1
Front View Detail
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Module LEDs

RJ-45 Ports (Packet and Status)
Packet 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 12
Switch 4400
3 5 6 1 2
6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 12 Status Power/Self Test
Module 1 Module2 5 6 3 4
Packet 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
5 6
Status 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
7 8
Packet - Green = Full Duplex Yellow = Half Duplex
13 18 19 24 Status -
Green = 100Mbps on = enabled, link ok
Yellow = 10Mbps flashing = disabled
3C17203 SuperStack 3
Port LEDs
Unit LEDs Power / Self Test LED
(Packet and Status)
Figure 2 Switch 4400 (24-port) / Switch 4400 SE — front view 2
Port LEDs
Power / Self Test LED
(Packet and Status)
P 1 S P 2 S P 3 S P 4 S P 5 S P 6 S P 7 S P 8 S P 9 S P 10 S P 11 S P 12 S Status - Green = 100Mbps Yellow = 10Mbps on = enabled, link OK flashing = disabled Switch 4400
Packet - Green = Full Duplex Yellow = Half Duplex
P 13 S P 14 S P 15 S P 16 S P 17 S P 18 S P 19 S P 20 S P 21 S P 22 S P 23 S P 24 S
Module 1 3 4
1 2 P S Power/Self test 5 6
5 6 P S 7 8
Unit Module 2
©
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Module LEDs

Unit LEDs
RJ-45 Ports (Packet and Status)
The Switch 4400 (24-port) / Switch 4400 SE that you have purchased has
one of the front views shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 3 Switch 4400 PWR (24-port) — front view
Port LEDs
Power / Self Test LED
(Packet and Status)
P 1 S P 2 S P 3 S P 4 S P 5 S P 6 S P 7 S P 8 S P 9 S P 10 S P 11 S P 12 S Switch Status Status (S) - Green = 100Mbps Yellow = 10Mbps on = enabled, link OK flashing = disabled Switch 4400 PWR
Packet (P) - Green = Full Duplex Yellow = Half Duplex
P 13 S P 14 S P 15 S P 16 S P 17 S P 18 S P 19 S P 20 S P 21 S P 22 S P 23 S P 24 S Power Status Power (P) - Green = Delivering power Yellow = Fault Flashing green = Over budget
Module 1 3 4
1 2 P S Power/Self test 5 6
Unit
5 6 P S Port LED status On = power status 7 8
off = switch status
Power utilization % 25 50 75 90 Module 2
©
LED Mode button

10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Unit LEDs Module LEDs
RJ-45 Ports Power Utilization LEDs (Packet and Status)
Figure 4 Switch 4400 (48-port) — front view
P 1 S P 2 S P 3 S P 4 S P 5 S P 6 S P 7 S P 8 S
P 25 S P 26 S P 27 S P 28 S P 29 S P 30 S P 31 S P 32 S
Port LEDs Module LEDs
(Packet and Status) (Packet and Status)
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Unit LEDs Power / Self
WARNING: RJ-45 Ports. These are shielded RJ-45 data sockets. They cannot
be used as standard traditional telephone sockets, or to connect the unit to a
traditional PBX or public telephone network. Only connect RJ-45 data
connectors, network telephony systems, or network telephones to these
sockets.
Either shielded or unshielded data cables with shielded or unshielded

jacks can be connected to these data sockets.
10BASE-T/ The Switch has 24 or 48 auto-negotiating 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports

100BASE-TX Ports configured as Auto MDIX (cross-over). These ports automatically provide
the appropriate connection. Alternatively, you can manually set these

ports to 10BASE-T half duplex, 10BASE-T full duplex, 100BASE-TX half
duplex or 100BASE-TX full duplex. The maximum segment length is
100 m (328 ft) over Category 5 twisted pair cable.
The 4400 PWR will supply up to 15.4W of power through any of the 24
front panel ports in conformance to the 802.3af specification. The Switch
4400 PWR incorporates a LED Mode Button on the front panel, which
when pressed changes the mode of the front panel port LEDs
functionality between Switch and Power mode.
LEDs Table 4 lists LEDs visible on the front of the Switch, and how to read their
status according to color. For information on using the LEDs for problem
solving, see “Solving Problems Indicated by LEDs” on page 56.
Table 4 LED behavior
LED Color Indicates

Port LEDs
Packet Green Full duplex packets are being transmitted/received on the
port.
Yellow Half duplex packets are being transmitted/received on the
port.
Off No packets are being transmitted/received on the port.
Status Green A high speed (100 Mbps) link is present, and the port is
enabled.
Green flashing A high speed (100 Mbps) link is present, but the port is
disabled.
Yellow A low speed (10 Mbps) link is present, and the port is
enabled.
Yellow flashing A low speed (10 Mbps) link is present, but the port is
disabled.
Yellow flashing The port has failed and has been automatically disabled. The
(fast) Switch passes its Power On Self Test and continues to
operate normally even if one or more ports are disabled.
Off No link is present.
Port LEDs — PoE mode (3C17205 only)
Packet Green Power is being delivered to the port.
Green flashing Exceeded port power limit (overCurrent MIB state) or unable
to supply power due to unit over budget (denyLowPriority
MIB state).
Yellow PoE error, no power supplied on port.
LED Color Indicates

Off No power is being delivered.
Status Yellow flashing PoE POST error on port. Flash rate is 4 Hz
Module LEDs
Packet Refer to the user documentation accompanying the module, if installed.
Status Refer to the user documentation accompanying the module, if installed.
Off There is no module installed in the expansion module slot.
Yellow flashing The module has failed and has been automatically disabled.
(fast) The Switch passes its Power On Self Test and continues to
operate normally even if one or more modules are disabled.
Unit LEDs
1–8 Green When the Switch forms a stack with other Switch 4400
units, the LED indicates the position of the unit in the stack
and that a link is present.
When the Switch is stand-alone and not part of a stack, LED
1 is on.
Green When a software upgrade is in progress, the Unit LEDs of the
sequential unit that is being upgraded flash on and off in the following
sequence —
1,2,4,6,8,7,5,3 (24-port)
1,2,3,4,8,7,6,5 (48-port)
Green The Switch physically forms a stack with other Switch 4400
flashing units, but cannot be managed as part of that stack until all
units have been upgraded to software version 2.0 or later.
Off A fault has occurred.
Power/Self Test LED
Green The Switch is powered-up and operating normally.
Green flashing The Switch is either downloading software or is initializing
(which includes running a Power On Self Test).
Yellow The Switch has failed its Power On Self Test
or
A port has failed and has been automatically disabled. You
can verify this by checking that the Port LED Status LED is
quickly flashing Yellow. If a port fails the Switch passes its
Power On Self Test and continues to operate normally.
Off The Switch is not receiving power or there is a fault with the
Power Supply Unit.
Switch 4400 — Rear View Detail 19
LED Color Indicates

Port LED Status LED
Green Port LEDs are operating in power mode
Yellow flashing Port LEDs are operating in normal mode.
Off Port LEDs are operating in normal mode.
Power Utilization LEDs
Green 4 LEDs showing total power being delivered as a percentage
of maximum possible.
Switch 4400 — Rear Figure 5 Switch 4400 / Switch 4400 SE — rear view 1
View Detail
Supply Data Warning Label Expansion Module Slots
Module 2 Module 1
Console
(max) 19200,8,1,N
Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket Console Port
Figure 6 Switch 4400 / Switch 4400 PWR — rear view 2

Supply Data Warning Label Console Port Expansion Module Slots
Module 2 Module 1
Console
(max) 19200,8,1,N
Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket
The Switch 4400 (24-port) / Switch 4400 SE that you have purchased has
one of the rear views shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 Switch 4400 PWR — rear view 2

Supply Data Warning Label
Expansion Module Slots
Console Module 2 Module 1

(max) 19200,8,1,N
Console Port
Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket
The Switch 4400 PWR (24-port) that you have purchased has the rear
view shown in Figure 7.
Power Socket The Switch automatically adjusts its power setting to any supply voltage
in the range 90-240 VAC.
Redundant Power To protect against internal power supply failure, you can use this socket
System Socket to connect a Switch 4400 to a SuperStack 3 Advanced Redundant Power
System (RPS). See “Connecting a Redundant Power System” on page 30.
Console Port The console port allows you to connect a terminal and perform remote or
local out-of-band management. The console port uses a standard null
modem cable and is set to auto-baud, 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop
bit.
Expansion Module You can use these slots to install Expansion Modules. These allow the
Slots Switch to support various forms of connection and add extra functionality
to your Switch. For example you can install a Cascade module to enable
the Switch to be stacked with other Switches. Please note that PoE is not
supported on expansion modules on the Switch 4400 PWR (3C17205).
Contact your supplier for more information.
WARNING: When an Expansion Module is not installed, ensure the

blanking plate is fitted by tightening all screws with a suitable tool.
Default Settings 21
Default Settings Table 5 shows the default settings for the Switch 4400:
Table 5 Default Settings
Feature Switch 4400

Automatic IP Configuration Enabled
Port Status Enabled
Port Speed 10/100 Mbps ports are auto-negotiated
Duplex Mode All fixed 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX ports are
auto-negotiated
Power over Ethernet Enabled (3C17205 only)
Flow Control ■ Enabled in half duplex
■ Auto-negotiated in full duplex
Broadcast Storm Control Enabled
Virtual LANs (VLANs) All ports belong to the untagged Default VLAN
(VLAN 1) with IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 learning
operational
Link Aggregation Control Disabled per port
Protocol (LACP)
IP Multicast Filtering Filtering enabled
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Enabled
Fast Start ■ Enabled on front panel ports
■ Disabled on rear panel port
RMON Alarm Enabled
Smart Auto-Sensing Enabled
Webcache Support Disabled
Traffic Prioritization All ports prioritize NBX VoIP traffic (LAN and IP).
All ports set to “best effort” for all other traffic.
Port Security Disabled per port
Configuration Save and Disabled
Restore
To make Webcache Support, Traffic Prioritization and Configuration Save

and Restore available on the SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 SE, upgrade the
product to the Switch 4400 SE Enhanced Software Upgrade (3C17207).
If you initialize a Switch unit by selecting System > Control > Initialize in
the Web interface or by entering system control initialize in
the Command Line Interface, the following settings are retained to allow
you to connect to and manage the Switch:
■ IP Address
■ Subnet Mask
■ Default Router
2 INSTALLING THE SWITCH
This chapter contains the information you need to install and set up the
Switch 4400. It covers the following topics:
■ Package Contents
■ Choosing a Suitable Site
■ Rack-mounting
■ Placing Units On Top of Each Other
■ Stacking Units
■ The Power-up Sequence
WARNING: Safety Information. Before installing or removing any
components from the Switch 4400 or carrying out any maintenance
procedures, you must read the safety information provided in Appendix A
of this guide.
AVERTISSEMENT: Consignes de sécurité. Avant d'installer ou d'enlever
tout composant du Switch 4400 ou d'entamer une procédure de
maintenance, lisez les informations relatives à la sécurité qui se trouvent
dans l'Appendice A de ce guide.
VORSICHT: Sicherheitsinformationen. Bevor Sie Komponenten aus
dem Switch 4400 entfernen oder dem Switch 4400 hinzufuegen oder
Instandhaltungsarbeiten verrichten, lesen Sie die Sicherheitsanweisungen,
die in Appendix A (Anhang A) in diesem Handbuch aufgefuehrt sind.
24 CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE SWITCH
Package Contents ■ Switch unit

■ CD-ROM
■ Getting Started Guide (this guide)
■ Management Quick Reference Guide
■ Release Notes
■ Unit Information Labels
■ Warranty Information
■ Power Cord
■ 2 x Mounting brackets
■ 4 x Screws
■ 4 x Rubber feet
Choosing a Suitable The Switch is suited for use on a desktop, either free standing or
Site mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack. Alternatively, the Switch
can be mounted in a wiring closet or equipment room, as an aggregator
for other Hubs and Switches. A rack-mounting kit containing two
mounting brackets is supplied with the Switch.
CAUTION: Ensure that the ventilation holes are not obstructed.

When deciding where to position the Switch, ensure that:
■ Cabling is located away from:
■ sources of electrical noise such as radios, transmitters and
broadband amplifiers.
■ power lines and fluorescent lighting fixtures
■ The Switch is accessible and cables can be connected easily.
■ Water or moisture cannot enter the case of the Switch.
■ Air flow is not restricted around the Switch or through the vents in the
side of the Switch. 3Com recommends that you provide a minimum of
25mm (1in.) clearance.
■ Air temperature around the Switch does not exceed 40 °C (104 °F).
If the Switch is installed in a 19-inch rack or closed assembly its local air
temperature may be greater than room ambient temperature.
Rack-mounting 25
■ The air is as free from dust as possible.

■ The unit is installed in a clean, air conditioned environment.
■ No more than eight Switch units are placed on top of one another, if
the units are free-standing.
■ The Switch is situated away from sources of conductive (electrical)
dust, for example laser printers.
■ The AC supply used by the Switch is separate to that used by units
that generate high levels of AC noise, for example air conditioning
units and laser printers.
Rack-mounting The Switch 4400 is 1U high and will fit in most standard 19-inch racks.
CAUTION: Disconnect all cables from the Switch before continuing.

Remove all self adhesive pads from the underside of the Switch if they
have been fitted.
To rack-mount your Switch:
1 Place the Switch the right way up on a hard flat surface, with the front
facing towards you.
2 Locate a mounting bracket over the mounting holes on one side of the
Switch, as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Fitting a bracket for rack-mounting
3 Insert the two screws and tighten with a suitable screwdriver.

You must use the screws supplied with the mounting brackets. Damage
caused to the unit by using incorrect screws invalidates your warranty.
4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the other side of the Switch.
5 Insert the Switch into the 19-inch rack and secure with suitable screws
(not provided). Ensure that ventilation holes are not obstructed.
6 Connect network cabling.
7 Finally place a unit information label on the unit in an easily accessible
position. The unit information label shows the following:
■ The 3Com product name of the Switch
■ The 3Com 3C number of the Switch
■ The unique MAC address (Ethernet address) of the Switch
■ The serial number of the Switch
You may need this information for fault reporting purposes.

Placing Units On Top of Each Other 27
Placing Units On If the Switch units are free-standing, up to eight units can be placed one
Top of Each Other on top of the other. If you are mixing a variety of SuperStack® 3 Switch
and Hub units, the smaller units must be positioned at the top.
If you are placing Switch units one on top of the other, you must use the
self-adhesive rubber pads supplied. Apply the pads to the underside of
each Switch, sticking one in the marked area at each corner. Place the
Switch units on top of each other, ensuring that the pads of the upper
unit line up with the recesses of the lower unit.
Stacking Units Switch 4400 units can be stacked together and then treated as a single
manageable unit with one IP address. Any combination of 24-port and
48-port units is allowed in a single stack, as long as the total number of
front panel ports does not exceed the limit of 192 ports. The following
combinations are allowed:
■ 4 x 48-port Switches
■ 3 x 48-port Switches and 2 x 24-port Switches
■ 2 x 48-port Switches and 4 x 24-port Switches
■ 1 x 48-port Switch and 6 x 24-port Switches
■ 8 x 24-port Switches
The SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 SE can only be stacked with non-SE

Switches if it has been upgraded using the Switch 4400 SE Enhanced
Software Upgrade (3C17207). An upgraded Switch 4400 SE cannot be
stacked with a normal Switch 4400 SE.
How To Stack Units To stack two Switch 4400 units you will need to order the SuperStack 3
Switch Cascade Stacking Kit (3C17227). The kit consists of two Cascade
Modules and a Cascade Cable. Both Switches must have an unused
expansion slot to allow a Cascade Module to be fitted.
Figure 9 Stacking two Switch 4400 units
Mo
dule
2
3C17
224 UP
Supe
rStac
k3
Casca
de Mo
dule
Switch 2
Mo
dule
2
3C17 DOW
N
224
Supe
rStac
k3
Casca
de Mo
dule
Switch 1
To stack more than two Switch units you will need to order one
SuperStack 3 Cascade Extender Kit (3C17228) for each additional unit.
This Kit consists of one Cascade Module, one Cascade Cable and one
Cascade Extender Unit. The Cascade Module is installed into the
expansion slot at the rear of the Switch and the Cascade Extender Unit
plugs into the Cascade Module.
Figure 10 Stacking more than two Switch 4400 units
Mo
dule
2
3C17
224
UP
Supe
rStac
k3
Casca
Switch 4
de Mo
dule
Mo
dule
2
3C17
3C17
224 22
4 UP
UP Supe
rStac
k3
Casca
DOW
de Mo
dule
Switch 3
N
Mo
dule
2
3C17
3C 2217
4 224 UP
Supe
UP rStac
k3
Casca
DOW
de Mo
dule
Switch 2
N
Mo
dule
2
3C17 DOW
N
224
Supe
rStac
k3
Casca
de Mo
dule
Switch 1
For information on ordering the Cascade Kits contact your supplier. For
illustrations and information on how to install the Cascade Kits, refer to
the user documentation that accompanies these Kits.
Stacking Units 29
Rules For Stacking This information is also provided in the user documentation that
Units accompanies the Cascade Kits.
■ The number of Switch units in a stack is limited to a maximum of 192

front panel ports in the stack.
■ Only one Cascade Module can be installed per Switch. If Cascade
Modules are fitted to both expansion slots in a Switch then both
Modules will be disabled.
■ Cascade Modules are NOT hot-swappable or hot-insertable. Ensure
that the Switch is powered off before inserting or removing a Cascade
Module.
■ The Cascade Extender Unit is hot-insertable. This allows its host
Switch unit to be removed and replaced without disturbing the rest of
the stack.
■ Only 3Com Cascade Cables can be used to connect between Cascade
Modules/Cascade Extender Units.
■ Due to the length of the Cascade Cables, you must insert all of the
Cascade Modules into Expansion Module Slot 1 or all of the Cascade
Modules into Expansion Module Slot 2 on the Switches.
■ It is not possible to stack the Switch 4400, Switch 4400 SE and
Switch 4400 PWR with other SuperStack II or SuperStack 3 products
using the Cascade Stacking Kit (3C17227) or Cascade Extender Kit
(3C17228).
The Switch 4400 PWR can be stacked with all other Switch 4400 Series
switches.
■ 3Com strongly recommends that you upgrade all Switch 4400 units
(24-port and 48-port) in a stack to the latest software agent.
■ 3Com recommends that you initialize a Switch 4400,
Switch 4400 PWR or Switch 4400 SE unit that has previously been
used elsewhere in your network before you add it to an existing stack.
If you do not initialize the unit, problems may be caused by conflicting
Switch configurations.
■ When the Switch 4400s are stacked together they are assigned a unit
number from bottom-to-top for management purposes. When further
Switches are added to the stack, they can be positioned at the bottom
of the stack or at the top. Either way, the Switch management
software will re-order the Switch unit numbers into a logical order
again (from bottom to top).
The Power-up The following sections describe how to get your Switch 4400
Sequence powered-up and ready for operation.
Powering-up the Use the following sequence of steps to power-up the Switch.
Switch 4400
1 Plug the power cord into the power socket at the rear of the Switch.
2 Plug the other end of the power cord into your power outlet.
The Switch powers-up and runs through its Power On Self Test (POST),
which takes approximately 10 seconds.
Checking for Correct During the Power On Self Test, all ports on the Switch are disabled and
Operation of LEDs the LEDs light in a set sequence.
When the POST has completed, check the Power/Self Test LED to make
sure that your Switch is operating correctly. Table 6 shows possible colors
for the LED.
Table 6 Power/Self Test LED colors
Color State
Green The Switch is powered-up and operating normally.
Yellow The Switch has failed its Power On Self Test.
Off The Switch is not receiving power.
If there is evidence of a problem, see “Solving Problems Indicated by

LEDs” on page 56.
Connecting a You can connect a SuperStack 3 Advanced Redundant Power System

Redundant Power (3C16071B) to the Switch. This unit, which is also known as an RPS, is
System designed to maintain the power to your Switch if a power supply failure
occurs.
For normal redundancy, the Switch 4400 and Switch 4400 SE require one
Type 2A Power Module (part number 3C16074A). For full redundancy,
the Switch 4400 and Switch 4400 SE require two type 2A Power Modules
combined using a Type 2 Y-Cable. The Switch 4400 PWR (3C17205)
requires one Type 3 Power Module (3C16075) for normal redundancy
and two Type 3 Power Modules for full redundancy.
CAUTION The Switch has no ON/OFF switch; the only method of

connecting or disconnecting mains power is by connecting or
disconnecting the power cord.
CAUTION: The Switch can only use a SuperStack Advanced Redundant

Power System output.
Using PoE The Switch 4400 PWR will power any 802.3af compliant device through
any of its front panel ports. The Switch will support the following 3Com
802.3af equipment:
■ Wireless:
■ 3Com 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Access Point 8000 (3CRWE80096B).
■ 3Com 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Access Point 8200
(3CRWE820096A).
■ 3Com 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Access Point 8500
(3CRWE850096A).
■ 3Com Wireless LAN Building to Building Bridge (3CRWE91096B).
■ Voice Over IP Telephones:
■ 3Com® 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Access Point 8000
(3CRWE80096B)
(3CRWE820096A)
(3CRWE850096A)
■ 3Com Wireless LAN Building to Building Bridge (3CRWE91096B)
■ The following 3Com NBX phones are also supported using the 3Com
NBX VoIP Phone Module (3CNJVOIPMOD-NBX).
■ 3Com NBX 1102 Business Phone 3c10121
■ 3Com NBX 1102B Business Phone 3c10281B
■ 3Com NBX 2101Basic Phone 3c10248B
■ 3Com NBX 2102 Business Phone 3c10226A
■ 3Com NBX 2102-IR Business Phone with IR 3c10228IRA
■ 3Com NBX 2102B Business Phone 3c10226B
■ 3Com NBX 2102-IRB Business Phone with IR 3c10228IRB
■ Network Jacks:
■ 3Com NJ95 (3CNJ95).
■ 3Com NJ100 (3CNJ100, 3CNJ100-CRM).
■ 3Com NJ200 (3CNJ200, 3CNJ200-CRM)
For the latest list of supported devices, go to the product page on the
3Com web site http://www.3com.com/.
For further information about Power Over Ethernet, refer to “Power

Management and Control” in the Switch Implementation Guide supplied
on the CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch. PoE management is
available using the web interface or the command line interface (CLI).
Choosing the Correct All of the ports on the front of the Switch 4400 are Auto-MDIX, that is
Cables they have a cross-over capability. The port can automatically detect
whether it needs to operate in MDI or MDIX mode. Therefore you can
make a connection to a port with a straight-through (MDI) or a cross-over
cable (MDIX).
The Auto-MDIX feature only operates when auto-negotiation is enabled.
If auto-negotiation is disabled, all the Switch ports are configured as

MDIX (cross-over). If you want to make a connection to another MDIX
port, you need a cross-over cable. Many ports on workstations and
servers are configured as MDI (straight-through). If you want to make a
connection to an MDI port, you need to use a standard straight-through
cable. See Table 7.
WARNING: The 4400 PWR (3C17302) supports Power over Ethernet on

all front ports. These ports should only be used for ethernet wiring within
the same building.
Because of the PoE ability of the front ports of the Switch 4400 PWR
(3C17205) these ports should only be used for ethernet wiring within the
same building. The Rear Module ports of the Switch 4400 PWR, however,
can be used for ethernet wiring between buildings.
3Com recommends that you use Category 5 twisted pair cable — the
maximum segment length for this type of cable is 100 m (328 ft).
Table 7 Cables required to connect the Switch 4400 to other devices if

auto-negotiation is disabled
Cross-over Cable Straight-through Cable

Switch to Switch
(MDIX to MDIX) ✓ ✕
Switch to Hub
(MDIX to MDIX) ✓ ✕
Switch to PC (NIC) ✕ ✓
(MDIX to MDI)
CAUTION: If you want to install the Switch using a Category 5E or

Category 6 cable, 3Com recommends that you briefly connect the cable
to a grounded port before connecting network equipment. If you do not,
the cable’s Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) may damage the Switch’s port.
You can create a grounded port by connecting all wires at one end of a
UTP cable to an earth ground point, and the other end to a female RJ-45
connector located, for example, on a Switch rack or patch panel. The
RJ-45 connector is now a grounded port.

3 SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT
Your Switch can operate in its default state, that is, you can install it and
it will work straight away (plug-and-play). However, to make full use of
the features offered by the Switch, and to change and monitor the way it
works, you have to access the management software that resides on the
Switch. This is known as managing the Switch.
Managing the Switch can help you to improve the efficiency of the
Switch and therefore the overall performance of your network.
This chapter explains the initial set up of the Switch and the different
methods of accessing the management software to manage a Switch. It
covers the following topics:
■ Setting Up Overview
■ Manually Configuring IP Information
■ Viewing Automatically Configured IP Information
■ Methods of Managing a Switch
■ Setting Up Command Line Interface Management
■ Setting Up Web Interface Management
■ Setting Up SNMP Management
■ Default Users and Passwords
36 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT
Setting Up This section gives an overview of what you need to do to get your Switch
Overview set up and ready for management when it is in its default state. The
whole setup process is summarized in Figure 11. Detailed procedural
steps are contained in the sections that follow. In brief, you need to:
■ Configure IP information manually for your Switch or view the
automatically configured IP information
■ Prepare for your chosen method of management
Figure 11 Initial Switch Setup and Management Flow diagram
Plug and Play Setup
Power Up the Switch.
IP Information is automatically configured.

See page 37
Do you want to manually

Yes No
configure the IP information?
Initial IP Information Setup
How do you want to view the automatically

How do you want to connect to the Switch?
configured IP information?
Connect to a front Connect to the console Use 3Com Network Connect to the console
panel port and use the port and use the Supervisor (3NS). port and use the
Web Interface or Command Line See page 46 Command Line
Command Line Interface. Interface. Interface.
See page 39 See page 39 See page 46
How do you want to manage your Switch? See page 49

Feature Management
Command Line Interface SNMP

Web Interface
See page 53
Connect via the Connect over the Connect over the

console port. network via Telnet. network.
See page 50 See page 51 See page 53
Setting Up Overview 37
CAUTION: To protect your Switch from unauthorized access, you must

change all three default passwords as soon as possible, even if you do not
intend to actively manage your Switch. For more information on default
users and changing default passwords, see “Default Users and
Passwords” on page 54.
IP Configuration You can use one of the following methods to allocate IP information to
your Switch (essential if you wish to manage your Switch across the
network).
Manual IP Configuration
You can choose to configure the IP information yourself. The Switch
remembers the information that you enter until you change it again or
set the configuration method to Automatic.
You should use the Manual IP configuration method if:

■ you do not have a DHCP or BootP server on your network, or
■ you want to remove the risk of the IP address ever changing, or
■ your DHCP or BootP server does not allow you to allocate static IP
addresses. (Static IP addresses are necessary to ensure that the Switch
is always allocated the same IP information.)
For most installations, 3Com recommends that you configure the Switch
IP information manually. This makes management simpler and more
reliable as it is not dependent on a DHCP or BootP server, and eliminates
the risk of the IP address changing.
If you wish to manually enter IP information for your Switch, work

through the “Manually Configuring IP Information” section on page 39.
Automatic IP Configuration
By default the Switch tries to configure itself with IP information without
requesting user intervention. It tries to obtain an IP address from a DHCP
or BootP server on the network.
If neither server is found, the Switch will configure itself with its default IP
address 169.254.100.100 if it is operating in a standalone mode, and/or
no other Switches on the network have this IP address. If this default IP
address is already in use on the network then the Switch detects this and
configures itself with an IP address in the range 169.254.1.0 to
169.254.254.255.
This process is known as Auto-IP and is the same mechanism used by

Windows 98 and Windows 2000. IP addresses configured by Auto-IP are
temporary as they cannot be routed but are useful for small networks
which are not connected to other networks, or for initial configuration.
However, as soon as a DHCP or BootP server is detected, the Switch will

configure itself with the IP address allocated by that server.
When using automatic IP configuration it is important that the IP address

of the Switch is static, otherwise you will not know what the IP address is
and it will be difficult to manage. Most DHCP and BootP servers allow
static IP addresses to be configured so that you know what IP address will
be allocated to the Switch. Refer to the documentation that accompanies
your DHCP/BootP server.
For a detailed description of how automatic IP configuration operates,

please refer to the Implementation Guide on the CD-ROM that
accompanies your Switch or on the 3Com Web site.
You should use the automatic IP configuration method if:

■ your network uses DHCP or BootP to allocate IP information, or
■ flexibility is needed. If the Switch is re-deployed onto a different
subnet, it will automatically reconfigure itself with an appropriate IP
address, instead of you having to manually reconfigure the Switch.
If you use the automatic IP configuration method, you need to discover

the automatically allocated IP information before you can begin
management. Work through the “Viewing Automatically Configured IP
Information” section on page 46.
Preparing for Once your Switch’s initial set up is complete you can set up your chosen
Management management method as described in “Methods of Managing a Switch”
on page 49.
For detailed information about the specific web interface operations and
command line interface commands and problem solving, refer to the
“SuperStack 3 Switch Management Interface Reference Guide” on the
CD-ROM that is supplied with the Switch or on the 3Com Web site.
Manually You can manually configure the Switch IP information in the following
Configuring IP ways:
Information ■ Connecting to a front panel port — Connect a workstation using an
Ethernet cable to a front panel port of the Switch. You can then
manually enter IP information using the web interface or the
command line interface (CLI).
■ Connecting to the console port — Connect a workstation using a
console cable to the console port of the Switch. You can then
manually enter IP information using the command line interface (CLI).
Connecting to a Front To set up your Switch manually you can make a connection to a front
Panel Port panel port. You must do this whilst the Switch is offline, that is, before
you connect the Switch to a network.
The procedure described in this section assumes the unit has been
powered up in standalone mode and has the default IP address of
169.254.100.100.
Pre-requisites
■ A workstation running Windows 95/98/2000, Windows NT or
Windows XP.
■ A Network Interface Card (NIC).
■ A Category 5 twisted pair Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connectors.
■ A suitable Web browser — refer to “Choosing a Browser”on page 52.
■ You need to have the following so that you can manually set up the
Switch with IP information:
■ IP address
■ subnet mask
■ default gateway
Connecting the Workstation to the Switch

1 Connect the workstation to a front panel port using an Ethernet cable as
shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12 Connecting a workstation to the Switch via a front panel port
To connect the cable:

a Attach an RJ-45 connector at one end of the Ethernet cable to the
Network Interface Card (NIC) in the workstation.
b Connect the RJ-45 connector at the other end of the cable to one of
the front panel ports on the Switch.
Do not interconnect the Switch to any other unconfigured Switch.
Configuring the Workstation with IP Information

You need to change the IP address and subnet mask of the workstation
that you have connected to the Switch. Make a note of the existing
settings so you can return to them later. Change the workstation to the
following settings:
■ IP address — 169.254.100.99
■ Subnet mask — 255.255.0.0
Setting Up the Switch with IP Information

You are now ready to manually set up the Switch with IP information. You
can do this using the Web interface or the command line interface (CLI)
via telnet.
Using the Web Interface
1 Power-up the Switch. This takes approximately one minute.

2 Open a suitable Web browser and enter 169.254.100.100 in the
Location Address field. This is the default IP address that is automatically
assigned to an offline unit.
If there is no response, wait for one minute then re-enter the default IP
address.
3 At the login and password prompts, enter admin as your user name and
press Return at the password prompt (default user name and password).
If you have logged on correctly, a set of Getting Started pages are
displayed.
4 The Getting Started pages allow you to enter basic setup information for
the Switch. Select Manual and then enter the IP address, subnet mask,
and default gateway that you want the Switch to use when it is
connected to the network. The final page displays a summary of the
information entered.
The initial set up of your Switch is now complete and the Switch is ready
for you to set up your chosen management method. See “Methods of
Managing a Switch” on page 49.
Using Command Line Interface via Telnet
1 To start a Telnet session to the unit, click Start in Microsoft Windows

95/98/2000/NT/XP.
a Click Run.
b In the dialogue box that appears type the default IP address of the
unit, that is: Telnet 169.254.100.100
c Click OK.
2 Press Enter to open a login prompt.
If the login prompt does not begin immediately, press Return a few times
until it starts.
press Return at the password prompt. If you have logged on correctly, the
top-level menu of the command line interface is displayed as shown in
the example in Figure 13.
Figure 13 Example top-level command line interface menu
4 At the Select menu option prompt you can either:

■ enter the protocol ip basicConfig command. At the Enter
configuration method prompt enter manual. The screen
prompts you to enter IP information.
or
■ enter the gettingStarted command. At the Enter

5 Enter the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway IP address for the Switch.
The screen displays a summary of the information entered.
If using the gettingStarted command you will then be prompted to
enter system information, change passwords, and then given the option
to carry out advanced configuration.
Connecting to the To set up your Switch manually you can alternatively make a connection
Console Port to the console port (this example describes a local connection to the
console port, rather than a remote one via a modem). You can do this
whilst the Switch is offline, that is, before you connect the Switch to a
network, or whilst the Switch is online, that is, connected to a network.
Pre-requisites
■ A workstation with terminal emulation software installed, such as
Microsoft Hyperterminal. This software allows you to communicate
with the Switch via the console port directly, or through a modem.
■ Documentation supplied with the terminal emulation software.
■ A suitable cable:
■ A standard null modem cable — if you are connecting directly to
the console port, or
■ A standard modem cable — if you are connecting to the console
port using a modem.
You can find pin-out diagrams for both cables in Appendix B on page 69.
■ You need to have the following so that you can manually set up the
Switch with IP information:
■ IP address
■ subnet mask
■ default gateway

1 Connect the workstation to the console port using a standard null
modem cable as shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14 Connecting a workstation to the Switch via the console port

a Attach the female connector on the cable to the male connector on
the console port of the Switch.
b Tighten the retaining screws on the cable to prevent it from being
loosened.
c Connect the other end of the cable to one of the serial ports (also
known as a COM port) on your workstation.
2 Open your terminal emulation software and configure the COM port
settings to which you have connected the cable. The settings should be
set to match the default settings for the Switch, which are:
■ 19,200 baud
■ 8 data bits
■ no parity
■ 1 stop bit
■ no hardware flow control
Refer to the documentation that accompanies the terminal emulation
software for more information.
Setting Up the Switch with IP Information

You are now ready to manually set up the Switch with IP information
using the command line interface.
1 The command line interface login sequence begins as soon as the Switch
detects a connection to its console port.
until it starts.
3 At the Select menu option prompt you can either:

■ enter the protocol ip basicConfig command. At the Enter
or
■ enter the gettingStarted command. At the Enter

4 Enter the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway IP address for the Switch.
The screen displays a summary of the information entered.
If using the gettingStarted command you will then be prompted to
enter system information, change passwords, and then given the option
to carry out advanced configuration.
If you do not intend to use the command line interface via the console
port to manage the Switch, you can disconnect the serial cable and close
the terminal emulator software.
Viewing If you allow the Switch to automatically configure its own IP information
Automatically you need to discover and view the IP information before you can begin to
Configured IP manage the Switch. You can discover the IP information in two ways:
Information ■ Using 3Com Network Supervisor — This application will auto-discover
the Switch and display the automatically allocated IP information
assigned to the Switch.
■ Connecting to the Console Port — Connect a workstation using a
console cable to the console port of the Switch. You can then view the
IP information automatically assigned to the Switch using the
command line interface (CLI).
Using 3Com Network You can use the 3Com Network Supervisor application provided on the
Supervisor CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch to discover the automatically
allocated IP information.
1 Connect your Switch to the network.
2 Power-up the Switch and wait for two minutes.
3 Launch 3Com Network Supervisor and run the Auto-discovery wizard.
3Com Network Supervisor will auto-discover the new Switch and display
the IP information that has been automatically allocated to the Switch.
Most DHCP and BootP servers allow static IP addresses to be configured

so that you know what IP address the Switch will be given. Refer to the
documentation that accompanies your DHCP or BootP server.
If your network does not have a DHCP or BootP server, the workstation
running 3Com Network Supervisor must be on the same subnet as the
Switch, because Auto-IP addresses are non-routable.
Connecting to the Alternatively, you can view the automatically configured IP information
Console Port via the command line interface (CLI) through a connection to the console
port. (This example describes a local connection to the console port,
rather than a remote one via a modem.)
Pre-requisites
■ A workstation with terminal emulation software installed, such as
Microsoft Hyperterminal. This software allows you to communicate
with the Switch via the console port directly, or through a modem.
■ Documentation supplied with the terminal emulation software.
Viewing Automatically Configured IP Information 47
■ A suitable cable:
■ A standard null modem cable — if you are connecting directly to
the console port, or
■ A standard modem cable — if you are connecting to the console
port using a modem.
You can find pin-out diagrams for both cables in Appendix B on page 69.
■ A Category 5 twisted pair Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connectors to
connect your Switch to the network.

1 Connect the workstation to the console port using a standard null
modem cable as shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16 Connecting a workstation to the Switch via the console port

a Attach the female connector on the cable to the male connector on
the console port of the Switch.
b Tighten the retaining screws on the cable to prevent it from being
loosened.
c Connect the other end of the cable to one of the serial ports (also
known as a COM port) on your workstation.
2 Open your terminal emulation software and configure the COM port
settings to which you have connected the cable. The settings should be
set to match the default settings for the Switch, which are:
■ 19,200 baud
■ 8 data bits
■ no parity
■ 1 stop bit
■ no hardware flow control
Refer to the documentation that accompanies the terminal emulation
software for more information.
Viewing IP Information via the Console Port

You are now ready to view the automatically allocated IP information
using the command line interface.
1 Connect your Switch to the network using an Ethernet cable. As soon as
a network connection is made the Switch begins the automatic IP
configuration process.
The automatic IP configuration process usually completes within one
minute.
If there is no response from a DHCP server within 30 seconds, the Auto-IP
configuration mechanism attempts to allocate the default IP address
169.254.100.100. If this address is not available, it then allocates an IP
address in the range of 169.254.x.y (where x is in the range 1 to 254, and
y is in the range 0 to 255).
2 The command line interface login sequence begins as soon as the Switch
detects a connection to its console port.
until it starts.
4 At the Select menu option prompt enter the protocol ip

interface summary command. At the Select IP interfaces
prompt enter all. A summary of the automatically allocated IP
information is displayed. Make a note of the Network IP Address.
Methods of Managing a Switch 49
If you do not intend to use the command line interface via the console
port to manage the Switch, you can logout, disconnect the serial cable
and close the terminal emulator software.
Methods of Once you have completed the initial set up of your Switch, you can
Managing a Switch decide how you wish to manage the Switch. You can use one of the
following methods:
■ Command line interface management
■ Web interface management
■ SNMP management
Command Line Each Switch has a command line interface (CLI) that allows you to
Interface manage the Switch from a workstation, either locally via a console port
Management connection (see Figure 18), or remotely over the network (see Figure 19).
Figure 18 CLI management via the console port
Figure 19 CLI management over the network
Refer to “Setting Up Command Line Interface Management” on

page 50.
Web Interface Each Switch has an internal set of web pages that allow you to manage
Management the Switch using a Web browser remotely over an IP network (see
Figure 20).
Figure 20 Web interface management over the network
Refer to “Setting Up Web Interface Management” on page 52.
SNMP Management You can manage a Switch using any network management workstation
running the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) as shown in
Figure 21. For example, you can use the 3Com Network Supervisor
software that is provided on the CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch.
Figure 21 SNMP management over the network
Refer to “Setting Up SNMP Management” on page 53.
Setting Up This section describes how you can set up command line interface
Command Line management using a local console port connection or over the network.
Interface
Management
CLI Management via To manage a Switch using the command line interface via the local
the Console Port console port connection:
1 Ensure you have connected your workstation to the console port correctly
as described in “Connecting to the Console Port” on page 42.
2 Your Switch is now ready to continue being managed and/or configured
through the CLI via its console port.
Setting Up Command Line Interface Management 51
CLI Management over To manage a Switch using the command line interface over a network
the Network using Telnet:
1 Ensure you have already set up the Switch with IP information as
described in “Setting Up Overview” on page 36.
2 Check that you have the IP protocol correctly installed on your
management workstation. You can check this by trying to browse the
World Wide Web. If you can browse, the IP protocol is installed.
3 Check you can communicate with the Switch by entering a ping
command at the DOS prompt in the following format:
c:\ ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
(where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address of the Switch)
If you get an error message, check that your IP information has been
entered correctly and the Switch is powered up.
4 To open a Telnet session via the DOS prompt, enter the IP address of the
Switch that you wish to manage in the following format:
>telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
If opening a Telnet session via third party software you will need to enter
the IP address in the format suitable for that software.
press Return at the password prompt (or the password of your choice if
you have already modified the default passwords).
If the login prompt does not display immediately, press Return a few
times until it starts.
6 If you have logged on correctly, the top-level menu of the command line
interface for the Switch you wish to manage is displayed as shown in
Figure 15 on page 45.
Setting Up Web This section describes how you can set up web interface management
Interface over the network.
Management
Pre-requisites ■ Ensure you have already set up the Switch with IP information as
described in “Setting Up Overview” on page 36.
■ Ensure that the Switch is connected to the network using a Category
5 twisted pair Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connectors.
■ A suitable Web browser.
Choosing a Browser
To display the web interface correctly, use one of the following Web
browser and platform combinations:
Table 8 Supported Web Browsers and Platforms
Windows NT Windows Solaris

Windows 95 Windows 98 4 2000 Windows XP 2.6
Netscape 4.76 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Netscape 6.2 ✕ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕
Internet Explorer
5.0, 5.5 and 6.0
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✕
For the browser to operate the web interface correctly, JavaScript™ and
Cascading Style Sheets must be enabled on your browser. These features
are enabled on a browser by default. You will only need to enable them if
you have changed your browser settings.
To enable style sheets in Netscape Navigator 4.76 on Solaris 2.6, open

Netscape Navigator and select Edit > Preferences > Fonts. Select the Use
document-specified fonts, including Dynamic Fonts radio button. You
should also set the font sizes as follows:
■ Variable Width Font - Size 10.0

■ Fixed Width Font - Size 12.0
This ensures that the text spacing is correct. Finally in the Advanced
category ensure that Enable Java Script and Enable style sheets are
checked.
Setting Up SNMP Management 53
Web Management To manage a Switch using the web interface over an IP network:
Over the Network
1 Check that you have the IP protocol correctly installed on your
management workstation. You can check this by trying to browse the
World Wide Web. If you can browse, the IP protocol is installed.
2 Check you can communicate with the Switch by entering a ping
command at the DOS prompt in the following format:
c:\ ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
If you get an error message, check that your IP information has been
entered correctly and the Switch is powered up.
3 Open your web browser and enter the IP address of the Switch that you
wish to manage in the URL locator, for example, in the following format:
http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
press Return at the password prompt (or the password of your choice if
you have already modified the default passwords).
5 Click on the Device View button to display the web management options.
Setting Up SNMP Any network management application running the Simple Network
Management Management Protocol (SNMP) can manage a Switch if:
■ The correct Management Information Bases (MIBs) are installed on the
management workstation.
■ The management workstation is connected to the Switch using a port
in VLAN 1 (the Default VLAN). By default, all ports on the Switch are in
VLAN 1.
You can use the 3Com Network Supervisor application that is provided on
the CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch to provide SNMP
management for your Switch. If you use 3Com Network Supervisor it
automatically loads the correct MIBs and necessary files onto your
workstation.
Pre-requisites ■ Documentation supplied with the SNMP network management

application software.
To manage your Switch using an SNMP network management

application, you need to specify SNMP community strings for the users
defined on the Switch. You can do this using the command line interface
system management snmp community command — refer to the
command line interface section of the “SuperStack 3 Switch
Management Interface Reference Guide” for more information.
Default Users and If you intend to manage the Switch using the web interface or the
Passwords command line interface, or to change the default passwords, you need to
log in with a valid user name and password. The Switch has three default
user names, and each user name has a different password and level of
access. These default users are listed in Table 9.
CAUTION: To protect your Switch from unauthorized access, you must

change all three default passwords as soon as possible, even if you do not
intend to actively manage your Switch
Table 9 Default Users
User Default
Name Password Access Level
monitor monitor monitor — the user can view all manageable parameters,
except special/security features, but cannot change any
manageable parameters
manager manager manager — the user can access and change the
operational parameters but not special/security features
admin (no security — the user can access and change all manageable
password) parameters
Use the admin default user name (no password) to login and carry out
initial Switch setup.
Changing Default You can change the default passwords using either:
Passwords ■ The gettingStarted command on the CLI, or
■ The security device user modify command on the CLI, or
■ The Security > Device > User > Modify operation on the web interface.
For more information about default users and passwords, refer to the
“Superstack 3 Switch Management Interface Reference Guide” on the
Switch CD-ROM.
4 PROBLEM SOLVING
This chapter helps you to diagnose and solve problems you may have
with the operation of your Switch. There is also an explanation of IP
addressing.
The topics covered are:

■ Solving Problems Indicated by LEDs
■ Solving Hardware Problems
■ Solving Communication Problems
■ Solving Software Upgrade Problems
If you experience a problem that is not listed here, it may be included in

the Support section of the Superstack 3 Switch Management Interface
Reference Guide on the CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch.
For Technical Support information, see Appendix D.

56 CHAPTER 4: PROBLEM SOLVING
Solving Problems If the LEDs on the Switch indicate a problem, refer to the list of suggested
Indicated by LEDs solutions below.
The Power LED does not light

Check that the power cable is firmly connected to the Switch and to the
supply outlet. If the connection is secure and there is still no power, you
may have a faulty power cord or an internal fault. Firstly, check the power
cord by:
■ testing it in another device
■ connecting a working power cord to the ‘problem’ device
then contact your supplier for advice.
On powering-up, the Power/Self Test LED lights yellow

Either:
■ The Switch unit has failed its Power On Self Test (POST) because of an
internal problem. The fault type will be indicated on the unit LEDs.
Contact your supplier for advice.
or
■ A port has failed and has been automatically disabled. You can verify
this by checking that the Port LED Status LED is quickly flashing
Yellow. If a port fails the Switch passes its Power On Self Test and
continues to operate normally.
A Port LED Status LED is quickly flashing yellow

The port has failed and has been automatically disabled. The Switch
passes its Power On Self Test and continues to operate normally, even if
one or more ports are disabled.
A link is connected and yet the Status LED for the port does not
light
Check that:
■ The Switch and the device at the other end of the link (or cable) are
connected securely.
■ The devices at both ends of the link are powered-up
■ The quality of cable is satisfactory
■ Auto-negotiation settings are the same at both ends.

Auto-negotiation problems will occur with 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T
where auto-negotiation is disabled and incorrect cables are being used
(cross-over or straight)
Auto-negotiation problems will occur with fiber if:
■ The Receiver (RX) and Transceiver (TX) cable connectors are
swapped
■ Fibers are broken
■ Auto-negotiation differs at either end (a link appears at the ‘fixed’
end and not at the auto-negotiation end)
The Unit LED is flashing green

The Switch unit physically forms a stack with other Switch 4400 units, but
cannot be managed as part of that stack because one or more units have
not been upgraded to software version 2.0 or later. You must upgrade
each unit in the stack to this software version, which is available on the
CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch.
Port LED Status LED flashing yellow
The Switch has a Power over Ethernet (PoE) error. You must press the LED
Mode button to see which ports are affected and to see whether it is a
fault or a power budget issue. If there is a fault, then the Packet LED of
the affected port will be yellow, if a port exceeds its power limit, then the
Packet LED of the port will flash green. If a port has a PoE POST error then
the Port LED Status LED of the affected port will flash yellow.
Solving Hardware In the rare event of your Switch unit experiencing a hardware failure,
Problems refer to the list of suggested solutions below.
An expansion module is installed and the unit will not power up

Ensure that the expansion module is fully seated in the slot and the
connectors are engaged so that the securing screws can be tightened.
A fan failure warning message is received

Your Switch has a fan monitoring system that will generate fan failure
warning messages. Fan failure could potentially reduce the lifetime of the
Switch. The monitoring system polls the fan status at periodic intervals
while the unit is powered up.
If one fan has failed in the Switch, a warning message will be generated
in the following ways:
■ RMON Email Notification — If configured, you will receive
notification of the fan failure via email, SMS (Short Message Service),
or pager.
■ RMON Trap — If configured, an RMON trap is generated and sent to
the management workstation.
For further information about RMON, refer to “Chapter 7: Status
Monitoring and Statistics” in the Switch Implementation Guide supplied
in PDF format on the CD-ROM that accompanies the Switch.
If more than one fan has failed in the Switch, a warning message will be
generated by RMON Email Notification, RMON Trap and also in the
following ways:
■ Command Line Interface — An indication of a general hardware
failure is provided through the Top level menu displayed when logging
on to the CLI. For more detailed information about the failure select
the system summary command.
■ Web interface — An indication of fan failure is provided through the
Device Summary table for the specific unit. In addition all Summary
tables turn red to indicate the fan failure.
If a fan failure warning message is generated:

1 Power off the unit.
2 Check that the air vents are not obstructed.
3 Power cycle the unit. To do this, remove and reconnect the AC mains
supply. If the unit has no AC main supply, remove and reconnect the DC
RPS supply.
4 If another fan failure warning message is generated via the Command
Line Interface or the Web interface, return the unit.
Unit fails, no SNMP fan failure message is received

1 Power cycle the unit. To do this, remove and reconnect the AC mains
supply. If the unit has no AC mains supply, remove and reconnect the DC
RPS supply.
2 Check the command line interface (system summary command) to
determine whether a thermal shutdown has occurred.
3 If no, return the unit:
If yes, check that:
■ The air vents are not obstructed.
■ The ambient temperatures and environmental conditions meet those
specified in Appendix C.
4 Power cycle the unit. If a further thermal shutdown occurs, and all
environmental conditions are satisfactory, return the unit to 3Com.
A device is connected to a Switch 4400 PWR but power is not

being supplied
If power is not being supplied to a device connected to a
Switch 4400 PWR, you should do the following checks:
■ Check that the device is compliant with the 802.3af standard ref. [18].
The 4400 PWR will only supply power through the front panel ports to
802.3af compliant devices.
■ Check that the power budget for the Switch has not been exceeded.
If the power budget has been exceeded, then by default, the powered
device connected to the PoE port with the lowest priority port will lose
power. However, if all the devices connected to the Switch have equal
priority levels, then the port with the highest number will lose power.
By default the Switch will allow a device to receive power as long as
the PoE power supply has 18 watts spare in its power budget. If this
much power is not available the device will not be powered (unless it
has a higher priority than existing powered ports) and a PoE fault will
be reported for that port. If enough power subsequently becomes
available the port will be powered.
■ Check that the port has not had a power limit imposed upon it.
Solving If you experience communication problems with the Switch, ensure that:
Communication ■ The Switch IP address has been configured as described in Chapter 3.
Problems
■ If the Switch is separated from your management application by a
router, ensure that the default gateway IP address within the Switch is
the same as the IP address of the router.
■ The Switch’s IP address has been entered correctly in your network
management application (such as 3Com Network Supervisor).
The following is a brief overview of IP addressing, and how to obtain a

registered IP address.
IP Addressing
To be managed correctly, each device on your network (for example a
Switch or Hub) must have a unique IP address. IP addresses have the
format n.n.n.n where n is a decimal number between 0 and 255. An
example IP address is 192.168.100.8.
The IP address is split into two parts:

■ The first part (‘192.168.100’ in the example) identifies the network on
which the device resides
■ The second part (‘.8’ in the example) identifies the device within the
network
The natural subnet mask for this example is 255.255.255.0.
If your network has a connection to the external IP network, that is, you
access the Internet, you must apply for a registered IP address.
How do you obtain a registered IP Address?

The IP registration system ensures that every IP address used is unique; if
you do not have a registered IP address, you may be using an identical
address to someone else and your network will not operate correctly.
InterNIC Registration Services is the organization responsible for

supplying registered IP addresses. The following contact information is
correct at time of publication:
World Wide Web site: http://www.internic.net

Solving Software Upgrade Problems 61
If your IP network is internal to your organization only, that is, you do not
access the Internet, you may use any arbitrary IP address as long as it is
not being used by another device on your network. 3Com suggests you
use addresses in the series 192.160.100.X (where X is a number between
1 and 254) with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. These suggested IP
addresses are part of a group of IP addresses that have been set aside
specially for use ‘in house’ only.
These suggested IP addresses are part of a group of IP addresses that

have been set aside specially for use ‘in house’ only.
Solving Software You can upgrade the management software of the Switch by using the
Upgrade Problems System > Control > Software Upgrade operation in the Web Interface, or
the system control softwareUpgrade command in the
command line interface. For details on these options, refer to the
Management Interface Reference Guide supplied in HTML format on the
CD-ROM that accompanies your Switch.
If you have problems with your software upgrade, refer to the Problem
Solving section in the Management Interface Reference Guide.

A SAFETY INFORMATION
You must read the following safety information before carrying out any
installation or removal of components, or any maintenance procedures
on the Switch 4400.
WARNING: Warnings contain directions that you must follow for your
personal safety. Follow all directions carefully.
You must read the following safety information carefully before you
install or remove the unit.
AVERTISSEMENT: Les avertissements présentent des consignes que vous

devez respecter pour garantir votre sécurité personnelle. Vous devez
respecter attentivement toutes les consignes.
Nous vous demandons de lire attentivement les consignes suivantes de
sécurité avant d’installer ou de retirer l’appareil.
VORSICHT: Warnhinweise enthalten Anweisungen, die Sie zu Ihrer

eigenen Sicherheit befolgen müssen. Alle Anweisungen sind sorgfältig zu
befolgen.
Sie müssen die folgenden Sicherheitsinformationen’ sorgfältig
durchlesen, bevor Sie das Gerät installieren oder ausbauen.
64 APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
Important Safety Information

WARNING: Installation and removal of the unit must be carried out by
qualified personnel only.
WARNING: If installing the Switch 4400 in a stack with SuperStack II or

SuperStack 3 units that are narrower than the 4400, the Switch 4400
unit must be installed below the narrower units.
WARNING: The unit must be earthed (grounded).
WARNING: Connect the unit to an earthed power supply to ensure

compliance with safety standards.
WARNING: Power Cord Set:

This must be approved for the country where it is used:
U.S.A. and ■ The cord set must be UL-approved and CSA certified.
Canada
■ The minimum specification for the flexible cord is:
No. 18 AWG
Type SV or SJ
3-conductor
■ The cord set must have a rated current capacity of at least
10A.
■ The attachment plug must be an earth-grounding type
with a NEMA 5-15P (15A, 125V) or NEMA 6-15P (15A,
250V) configuration.
United ■ The supply plug must comply with BS1363 (3-pin 13 amp)
Kingdom only and be fitted with a 5A fuse which complies with BS1362.
■ The mains cord must be <HAR> or <BASEC> marked and
be of type H03VVF3GO.75 (minimum).
Europe only: ■ The supply plug must comply with CEE 7/7 (“SCHUKO”).
■ The mains cord must be <HAR> or <BASEC> marked and
be of type H03VVF3GO.75 (minimum).
Denmark ■ The supply plug must comply with section 107-2-D1,
standard DK2-1a or DK2-5a.
Switzerland ■ The supply plug must comply with SEV/ASE 1011.
WARNING: The appliance coupler (the connector to the unit and not the
wall plug) must have a configuration for mating with an EN60320/IEC320
appliance inlet.
L’information de Sécurité Importante 65
WARNING: The socket outlet must be near to the unit and easily
accessible. You can only remove power from the unit by disconnecting
the power cord from the outlet.
WARNING: This unit operates under SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage)
conditions according to IEC 950. The conditions are only maintained if
the equipment to which it is connected also operates under SELV
conditions.
WARNING: France and Peru only:

This unit cannot be powered from IT† supplies. If your supplies are of IT
type, this unit must be powered by 230V (2P+T) via an isolation
transformer ratio 1:1, with the secondary connection point labelled
Neutral, connected directly to earth (ground).
†Impédance à la terre.
WARNING: U.K. only:

If connecting a modem to the console port of the Switch 4400, only use a
modem which is suitable for connection to the telecommunications
system.
WARNING: RJ-45 Ports. These are shielded RJ-45 data sockets. They cannot
be used as standard traditional telephone sockets, or to connect the unit to a
traditional PBX or public telephone network. Only connect RJ-45 data
connectors, network telephony systems, or network telephones to these
sockets.
Either shielded or unshielded data cables with shielded or unshielded

jacks can be connected to these data sockets.
WARNING: The 4400 PWR (3C17302) supports Power over Ethernet on

all front ports. These ports should only be used for ethernet wiring within
the same building.
WARNING: When an Expansion Module is not installed ensure the

blanking panel is fitted by tightening all screws with a suitable tool.
L’information de Sécurité Importante

AVERTISSEMENT: L'installation et la dépose de ce groupe doivent être
confiés à un personnel qualifié.
AVERTISSEMENT: Si vous entassez l'unité Switch avec les unités

SuperStack 3 Hub, l'unité Switch 4400 doit être installée en dessous des
unités Hub plus étroites.
AVERTISSEMENT: Vous devez mettre l’appareil à la terre (à la masse) ce

groupe.
AVERTISSEMENT: Brancher l’unité à une source de courant mise à la

terre pour assurer la conformité aux normes de sécurité.
AVERTISSEMENT: Cordon électrique:

Il doit être agréé ans le pays d'utilisation:
Etats-Unis et ■ Le cordon doit avoir reçu l'homologation des UL et un
Canada certificat de la CSA
■ Le cordon souple doit respecter, à titre minimum, les
spécifications suivantes :
■ calibre 18 AWG
■ type SV ou SJ
■ à 3 conducteurs
■ Le cordon doit être en mesure d'acheminer un courant
nominal d'au moins 10 A
■ La prise femelle de branchement doit être du type à mise à la
terre (mise à la masse) et respecter la configuration NEMA
5-15P (15 A, 125 V) ou NEMA 6-15P (15 A, 250 V)
Danemark ■ La prise mâle d'alimentation doit respecter la section 107-2
D1 de la norme DK2 1a ou DK2 5a
Europe ■ La prise secteur doit être conforme aux normes CEE 7/7
(“SCHKO”)
■ LE cordon secteur doit porter la mention <HAR> ou
<BASEC> et doit être de type HO3VVF3GO.75 (minimum).
Suisse ■ La prise mâle d'alimentation doit respecter la norme SEV/ASE
1011
AVERTISSEMENT: Le coupleur d'appareil (le connecteur du groupe et

non pas la prise murale) doit respecter une configuration qui permet un
branchement sur une entrée d'appareil EN60320/CEI 320.
AVERTISSEMENT: La prise secteur doit se trouver à proximité de

l’appareil et son accès doit être facile. Vous ne pouvez mettre l’appareil
hors circuit qu'en débranchant son cordon électrique au niveau de cette
prise.
Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen 67
AVERTISSEMENT: L’appareil fonctionne à une tension extrêmement

basse de sécurité qui est conforme à la norme CEI 950. Ces conditions ne
sont maintenues que si l'équipement auquel il est raccordé fonctionne
dans les mêmes conditions.
AVERTISSEMENT: France et Pérou uniquement:

Ce groupe ne peut pas être alimenté par un dispositif à impédance à la
terre. Si vos alimentations sont du type impédance à la terre, ce groupe
doit être alimenté par une tension de 230 V (2 P+T) par le biais d'un
transformateur d'isolement à rapport 1:1, avec un point secondaire de
connexion portant l'appellation Neutre et avec raccordement direct à la
terre (masse).
AVERTISSEMENT: Points d’accès RJ-45. Ceux-ci sont protégés par des

prises de données. Ils ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme prises de
téléphone conventionnelles standard, ni pour la connection de l’unité à
un réseau téléphonique central privé ou public. Raccorder seulement
connecteurs de données RJ-45, systèmes de réseaux de téléphonie ou
téléphones de réseaux à ces prises.
Il est possible de raccorder des câbles protégés ou non protégés avec des
jacks protégés ou non protégés à ces prises de données.
AVERTISSEMENT: Le 4400 PWR (3C17302) prend en charge la mise sous

tension par Ethernet au niveau de tous les ports frontaux. Ces ports ne
doivent être utilisés que pour le câblage Ethernet au sein d'un même
bâtiment.
AVERTISSEMENT: Si le module d’expansion nest pas installé, veillez à

bien installer la plaque d’obturation et serrez toutes les vis à l’aide d’un
outil approprié.
Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen
VORSICHT: Die Installation und der Ausbau des Geräts darf nur durch
Fachpersonal erfolgen.
VORSICHT: Wenn die Switch 4400 Einheit in einer Stapel mit anderen
SuperStack 3 Hub Einheiten eingebaut werden soll, muß die Switch 4400
Einheit unter die schmaleren Hub Einheiten eingebaut werden.
VORSICHT: Das Gerät muß geerdet sein.

VORSICHT: Das Gerät muß an eine geerdete Steckdose angeschlossen

werden, die europäischen Sicherheitsnormen erfüllt.
VORSICHT: Der Anschlußkabelsatz muß mit den Bestimmungen des

Landes übereinstimmen, in dem er verwendet werden soll.
VORSICHT: Der Gerätestecker (der Anschluß an das Gerät, nicht der

Wandsteckdosenstecker) muß eine passende Konfiguration für einen
Geräteeingang gemäß EN60320/IEC320 haben.
VORSICHT: Die Netzsteckdose muß in der Nähe des Geräts und leicht
zugänglich sein. Die Stromversorgung des Geräts kann nur durch
Herausziehen des Gerätenetzkabels aus der Netzsteckdose unterbrochen
werden.
VORSICHT: Europe
■ Das Netzkabel muß vom Typ HO3VVF3GO.75 (Mindestanforderung)
sein und die Aufschrift <HAR> oder <BASEC> tragen.
■ Der Netzstecker muß die Norm CEE 7/7 erfüllen (”SCHUKO”).
VORSICHT: Der Betrieb dieses Geräts erfolgt unter den

SELV-Bedingungen (Sicherheitskleinstspannung) gemäß IEC 950. Diese
Bedingungen sind nur gegeben, wenn auch die an das Gerät
angeschlossenen Geräte unter SELV-Bedingungen betrieben werden.
VORSICHT: RJ-45-Porte. Diese Porte sind geschützte Datensteckdosen.

Sie dürfen weder wie normale traditionelle Telefonsteckdosen noch für
die Verbindung der Einheit mit einem traditionellem privatem oder
öffentlichem Telefonnetzwerk gebraucht werden. Nur
RJ-45-Datenanscluße, Telefonnetzsysteme or Netztelefone an diese
Steckdosen anschließen.
Entweder geschützte oder ungeschützte Buchsen dürfen an diese

Datensteckdosen angeschlossen werden.
VORSICHT: Das 4400 PWR (3C17302) unterstützt die Stromversorgung

per Ethernet an allen vorderen Ports. Diese Ports dürfen nur für die
Ethernet-Verkabelung im gleichen Gebäude verwendet werden.
VORSICHT: Ist kein Erweiterungsmodul installiert, überprüfen Sie bitte

den Sitz der Stanzplatte, indem Sie alle Schrauben mit einem geeigneten
Werkzeug anziehen.
B PIN-OUTS
Null Modem Cable 9-pin to RS-232 25-pin
PC-AT Serial Cable 9-pin to 9-pin

70 APPENDIX B: PIN-OUTS
Modem Cable 9-pin to RS-232 25-pin
RJ-45 Pin Pin assignments are identical for 10BASE-TX and 100BASE-T RJ-45
Assignments connectors.
Table 10 Pin assignments
Pin Number Signal Function

Ports configured as MDI
1 Transmit Data + Bidirectional Data A+
2 Transmit Data + Bidirectional Data A-
3 Receive Data + Bidirectional Data B+
4 Not assigned Bidirectional Data C+
5 Not assigned Bidirectional Data C-
6 Receive Data – Bidirectional Data B-
7 Not assigned Bidirectional Data D+
8 Not assigned Bidirectional Data D-
RJ-45 Pin Assignments 71
Table 11 Pin assignments
Pin Number Signal Function

Ports configured as MDIX
1 Receive Data + Bidirectional Data B+
2 Receive Data - Bidirectional Data B-
3 Transmit Data + Bidirectional Data A+
4 Not assigned Bidirectional Data A-
5 Not assigned Bidirectional Data D+
6 Transmit Data Bidirectional Data D-
7 Not assigned Bidirectional Data C+
8 Not assigned Bidirectional Data C-
72 APPENDIX B: PIN-OUTS
C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Switch 4400
(24-port) and
Switch 4400 SE
Physical Dimensions Height: 44 mm (1.7 in.) x Width: 440 mm (17.3 in.) x Depth: 274 mm (10.8 in.)
Weight: 2.8 kg (6.2 lbs)
Environmental Requirements
Operating Temperature 0 ° to 40 °C (32 ° to 104 °F)
Storage Temperature –40 ° to +70 °C (-40 ° to 158 °F)
Operating Humidity 10–95% relative humidity, non-condensing
Standards EN60068 to 3Com schedule (Package testing: paras 2.1, 2.2, 2.30, and 2.32.
Operational testing: paras 2.1, 2.2, 2.30 and 2.13).
Safety
Agency Certifications UL 1950, EN60950, CSA 22.2 No. 950, IEC 60950
EMC
Emissions CISPRR 22 Class A, EN55022 Class A, FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A,
ICES-003 Class A, AS/NZS 3548 Class A, CNS 13438 Class A, EN61000-3-2,
EN61000-3-3
Immunity EN 55024
Heat Dissipation 100 watts maximum (341 BTU/hour maximum)
Power Supply
AC Line Frequency 50/60 Hz
Input Voltage Options 90–240 VAC
Current Rating 2.3 A (amps)(maximum)
(continued)
74 APPENDIX C: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Standards Supported SNMP Terminal Emulation

SNMP protocol (RFC 1157) Telnet (RFC 854)
MIB-II (RFC 1213) Protocols Used for Administration
Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) UDP (RFC 768)
RMON MIB II (RFC 2021) IP (RFC 791)
Remote Monitoring MIB (RFC ICMP (RFC 792)
1757)
TCP (RFC 793)
MAU MIB (RFC 2239)
ARP (RFC 826)
TFTP (RFC 783)
DHCP (RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 1534)
BOOTP (RFC 951, RFC 1497)
Switch 4400 PWR (24-port) 75
Switch 4400 PWR

(24-port)
Safety
Agency Certifications UL60950, EN60950, CSA 22.2 No. 60950, IEC 60950
EMC
Emissions CISPRR 22 Class A, EN55022 Class A, FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A,
ICES-003 Class A, AS/NZS 3548 Class A, CNS 13438 Class A, EN61000-3-2,
EN61000-3-3
Immunity EN 55024
Power Supply
1757)
TCP (RFC 793)
MAU MIB (RFC 2239)
ARP (RFC 826)
TFTP (RFC 783)
DHCP (RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 1534)
76 APPENDIX C: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Switch 4400
(48-port)
Safety
Agency Certifications UL60950, EN60950, CSA 22.2 No. 60950, IEC 60950
EMC
Emissions CISPR 22 Class A, EN55022 Class A, FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A,
ICES-003 Class A, AS/NZS 3548 Class A, VCCI Class A, CNS 13438 Class A,
EN61000-3-2, EN61000-3-3
Immunity EN 55024
Power Supply
1757)
TCP (RFC 793)
MAU MIB (RFC 2239)
ARP (RFC 826)
TFTP (RFC 783)
DHCP (RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 1534)
D TECHNICAL SUPPORT
3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a

variety of services. This appendix describes these services.
You can purchase additional services from your network supplier or from
3Com. These services can enhance warranty response times. They can
also provide supplementary services not included in your product
warranty. These services include telephone support 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, advance shipment of replacement hardware, and on-site
support.
Information contained in this appendix is correct at time of publication. For

the most recent information, 3Com recommends that you access the
3Com Corporation World Wide Web site.
Online Technical 3Com offers worldwide product support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
Services through the following online systems:
■ World Wide Web site
■ 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services
■ 3Com FTP site
World Wide Web Site To access the latest networking information on the 3Com Corporation
World Wide Web site, enter this URL into your Internet browser:
This service provides access to online support information such as technical

documentation and software, as well as support options that range from
technical education to maintenance and professional services.
78 APPENDIX D: TECHNICAL SUPPORT
3Com The 3Com Knowledgebase is a database of technical information to help

Knowledgebase Web you install, upgrade, configure, or support 3Com products. The
Services Knowledgebase is updated daily with technical information discovered by
3Com technical support engineers. This complimentary service, which is
available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to 3Com customers and partners,
is located on the 3Com Corporation World Wide Web site at:
http://knowledgebase.3com.com
3Com FTP Site Download content across the Internet from the 3Com public FTP site. This
service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
To connect to the 3Com FTP site, enter the following information into
your FTP client:
■ Hostname: ftp.3com.com
■ Username: anonymous
■ Password: <your Internet e-mail address>
You do not need a user name and password with Web browser software
such as Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Support from Your If you require additional assistance, ask your network supplier about the
Network Supplier professional services available in your area for the assessment,
installation, and implementation of your network. You can also purchase
maintenance contracts for most products.
When you contact your network supplier for assistance, have the
following information ready:
■ Product model name, part number, and serial number
■ A list of system hardware and software, including revision levels
■ Diagnostic error messages
■ Details about recent configuration changes, if applicable
If you are unable to contact your network supplier, see the following
section on how to contact 3Com.
Support from 3Com 79
Support from 3Com If you are unable to obtain assistance from the 3Com online technical
resources discussed earlier in this appendix, or from your network
supplier, 3Com offers a range of support services. Purchase of a support
contract gives you priority response and is typically more cost effective
than purchasing service for a specific incident. To find out more about
your support options, e-mail or call the 3Com technical support services
at the location nearest you.
Internet Support Some 3Com regions offer an Internet support service. To access this
service for your region, use the appropriate URL or e-mail address from
the list below.
Asia, Pacific Rim

From this region, e-mail:
[email protected]
Europe, Middle East and Africa

From this region, enter the URL:
http://emea.3com.com/support/email.html
Latin America
Spanish speakers, enter the URL:
http://lat.3com.com/lat/support/form.html
Portuguese speakers, enter the URL:

http://lat.3com.com/br/support/form.html
English speakers, e-mail:

[email protected]
Telephone Support When you contact 3Com for assistance, have the following information
ready:
■ Product model name, part number, and serial number
■ A list of system hardware and software, including revision levels
■ Diagnostic error messages
■ Details about recent configuration changes, if applicable
Here is a list of worldwide technical telephone support numbers. These

numbers are correct at the time of publication. Refer to the 3Com Web
site for updated information.
Country Telephone Number Country Telephone Number

Asia, Pacific Rim
Australia 1 800 678 515 Philippines 1235 61 266 2602 or
Hong Kong 800 933 486 +61 2 9937 5076
India +61 2 9424 5179 or P.R. of China 10800 61 00137 or
000800 650 1111 021 6350 1590 or
Indonesia 001 803 61009 00800 0638 3266
Japan 00531 616 439 or Singapore 800 6161 463
03 5977 7991 S. Korea 00798 611 2230 or
Malaysia 1800 801 777 02 3455 6455
New Zealand 0800 446 398 Taiwan 00801 611 261
Pakistan +61 2 9937 5083 Thailand 001 800 611 2000
Europe, Middle East, and Africa
From anywhere in these +44 (0)1442 435529
regions, call:
From the following countries, you may use the numbers shown:
Austria 01 7956 7124 Luxembourg 800 29880
Belgium (Flemish) 070 700 000 Netherlands 0900 777 7737
Belgium (French) 070 700 770 Norway 815 33 047
Denmark 7010 7289 Poland 00800 441 1357
Finland 01080 2783 Portugal 707 200 123
France 0825 809 622 South Africa 0800 991196
Germany 01805 404 747 Spain 9 021 60455
Hungary 06800 14466 Sweden 07711 14453
Ireland 1800 509359 Switzerland 08488 50112
Israel 1800 943 2632 U.K. 0870 241 3901
Italy 199 161346
Latin America
Antigua 1 800 988 2112 Guatemala AT&T +800 998 2112
Argentina 0 810 444 3COM Haiti 57 1 657 0888
Aruba 1 800 998 2112 Honduras AT&T +800 998 2112
Bahamas 1 800 998 2112 Jamiaca 1 800 998 2112
Barbados 1 800 998 2112 Martinique 571 657 0888
Belize 52 5 201 0010 Mexico 01 800 849CARE
Bermuda 1 800 998 2112 Nicaragua AT&T +800 998 2112
Bonaire 1 800 998 2112 Panama AT&T +800 998 2112
Brazil 0800 13 3COM Paraguay 54 11 4894 1888
Cayman 1 800 998 2112 Peru AT&T +800 998 2112
Chile AT&T +800 998 2112 Puerto Rico 1 800 998 2112
Colombia AT&T +800 998 2112 Salvador AT&T +800 998 2112
Costa Rica AT&T +800 998 2112 Trinidad and Tobago 1 800 998 2112
Curacao 1 800 998 2112 Uruguay AT&T +800 998 2112
Ecuador AT&T +800 998 2112 Venezuela AT&T +800 998 2112
Dominican Republic AT&T +800 998 2112 Virgin Islands 57 1 657 0888
North America 1 800 876 3266
Returning Products for Repair 81
Returning Products Before you send a product directly to 3Com for repair, you must first
for Repair obtain an authorization number. Products sent to 3Com without
authorization numbers will be returned to the sender unopened, at the
sender’s expense.
You can obtain a Return Materials Authorization number (RMA) by

entering the following URL into your Internet browser:
http://www.3com.com/support/en_US/repair
Alternatively, you can obtain an RMA by calling or faxing one of the

following numbers:

Asia, Pacific Rim
From anywhere in this + 65 543 6500 phone
region, call: + 65 543 6348 fax
Europe, Middle East and Africa
From anywhere in these +44 (0)1442 435529
regions, call:
From the following countries, you may use the numbers shown:
Austria 01 7956 7124 Luxembourg 800 29880
Belgium (Flemish) 070 700 000 Netherlands 0900 777 7737
Belgium (French) 070 700 770 Norway 815 33 047
Denmark 7010 7289 Poland 00800 441 1357
Finland 01080 2783 Portugal 707 200 123
France 0825 809 622 South Africa 0800 991196
Germany 01805 404 747 Spain 9 021 60455
Hungary 06800 14466 Sweden 07711 14453
Ireland 1800 509359 Switzerland 08488 50112
Israel 1800 943 2632 U.K. 0870 241 3901
Italy 199 161346

Latin America
Antigua 1 800 988 2112 Guatemala AT&T +800 998 2112
Argentina 0 810 444 3COM Haiti 57 1 657 0888
Aruba 1 800 998 2112 Honduras AT&T +800 998 2112
Bahamas 1 800 998 2112 Jamiaca 1 800 998 2112
Barbados 1 800 998 2112 Martinique 571 657 0888
Belize 52 5 201 0010 Mexico 01 800 849CARE
Bermuda 1 800 998 2112 Nicaragua AT&T +800 998 2112
Bonaire 1 800 998 2112 Panama AT&T +800 998 2112
Brazil 0800 13 3COM Paraguay 54 11 4894 1888
Cayman 1 800 998 2112 Peru AT&T +800 998 2112
Chile AT&T +800 998 2112 Puerto Rico 1 800 998 2112
Colombia AT&T +800 998 2112 Salvador AT&T +800 998 2112
Costa Rica AT&T +800 998 2112 Trinidad and Tobago 1 800 998 2112
Curacao 1 800 998 2112 Uruguay AT&T +800 998 2112
Ecuador AT&T +800 998 2112 Venezuela AT&T +800 998 2112
Dominican Republic AT&T +800 998 2112 Virgin Islands 57 1 657 0888
North America 1 800 876 3266 phone
From USA and Canada, call: 1 508 323 6061 fax (not toll free)
INDEX 83
INDEX F
factory defaults 21
H
hardware features 14
I
Numbers installing the Switch 23
3C number 26 prerequisites 24
3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 78 IP addressing
3Com URL 77 registered 60
IP configuration 37
A
access levels of default users 54 L
automatic setup 46 LEDs 17
3Com Network Supervisor 46 logging in as a default user 54
console port 46
M
B MAC address of the Switch 26
browsers management
choosing 52 methods 49
preparing for 38
setting up 35, 36
C manual setup
cable console port 42
choosing the correct 32 front panel port 39
pin-outs 69 MDI configuration 32
cascade cable 27 MDIX configuration 32
Cascade Extender Kit 28
Cascade Stacking Kit 27
CD-ROM 6 N
command line interface network supplier support 78
management 49
console port 20
conventions O
notice icons, About This Guide 4 online technical services 77
text, About This Guide 4
cross-over configuration 32
P
passwords
D of default users 54
default pin assignments
settings 21 modem cable 70
users 54 null modem cable 69
RJ45 70
serial cable 69
E pin-outs 69
Ethernet address of the Switch 26 PoE
84 INDEX
Using 31 serial number 26

ports size 73
console 20 stacking 27
power socket 20 unit information label 26
powering-up a Switch 4400 30 weight 73
problem solving 55 system specifications 73
communication problems 60
hardware problems 57
IP addressing 57 T
LEDs 56 technical support
product name 26 3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 78
3Com URL 77
network suppliers 78
R product repair 81
rack mounting a Switch 4400 25 troubleshooting 55
Redundant Power System. See RPS
returning products for repair 81
RPS 20 U
connecting 30 unit information label 26
socket 20 URL 77
S W
safety information Web browsers
English 64 choosing 52
French 65 web interface
German 67 choosing a browser 52
serial number of the Switch 26 web interface management 50
serial port. See console port setting up 52
Simple Network Management Protocol. See SNMP World Wide Web (WWW) 77, 78
SNMP 53
SNMP management 50
setting up 53
socket
power 20
RPS 20
specifications, system 73
straight-through configuration 32
Switch
automatic setup 46
Switch 4400
3C number 26
console port 20
dimensions 73
Ethernet address 26
features 14
installation 23, 24
MAC address 26
power socket 20
powering-up 30
product name 26
rack mounting 25
RPS socket 20
REGULATORY NOTICES
FCC STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference to radio communications, in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at their own expense.
INFORMATION TO THE USER If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
■ Reorient the receiving antenna.
■ Relocate the equipment with respect to the receiver.
■ Move the equipment away from the receiver.
■ Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that equipment and receiver are on different branch circuits.
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional
suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission
helpful:
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No.
004-000-00345-4.
In order to meet FCC emissions limits, this equipment must be used only with cables which comply with IEEE
802.3.
CSA STATEMENT This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment
Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur
du Canada.
CE STATEMENT (EUROPE) This product complies with the European Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and EMC Directive 89/336/EEC as
amended by European Directive 93/68/EEC.
Warning: This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in
which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
VCCI STATEMENT
BSMI STATEMENT

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DUA1720-3AAA05.

book Page 1 Friday, March 7, 2003 11:53 AM

Part No. DUA1720-3AAA05

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

This guide is intended for use with Switch 4400 models:

The guide is intended for use by network administrators who are

About Your CD-ROM The CD-ROM also contains the following:

■ Online documentation for the Switch 4400 — refer to Related

4 ABOUT THIS GUIDE

■ 3Com Network Supervisor — a powerful and easy-to-use network

Icon Notice Type Description

Table 2 Text Conventions

Table 2 Text Conventions (continued)

6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE

If the online documentation is to be accessed from a local drive or server,

■ The HTML Reference Guide is stored in the Docs/reference

3Com recommends that you copy the Docs/reference directory as a

Please include the following information when commenting:

8 ABOUT THIS GUIDE

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

2 INSTALLING THE SWITCH

Rules For Stacking Units 29

3 SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Solving Software Upgrade Problems 61

This chapter contains introductory information about the Switch 4400

14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400

Feature Switch 4400

Switch 4400 — Front View Detail 15

10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Module LEDs

Figure 2 Switch 4400 (24-port) / Switch 4400 SE — front view 2

10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Module LEDs

16 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400

Figure 3 Switch 4400 PWR (24-port) — front view

LED Mode button

Figure 4 Switch 4400 (48-port) — front view

10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX Unit LEDs Power / Self

Either shielded or unshielded data cables with shielded or unshielded

10BASE-T/ The Switch has 24 or 48 auto-negotiating 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports

Switch 4400 — Front View Detail 17

the appropriate connection. Alternatively, you can manually set these

LED Color Indicates

18 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400

LED Color Indicates

Switch 4400 — Rear View Detail 19

LED Color Indicates

Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket Console Port

Figure 6 Switch 4400 / Switch 4400 PWR — rear view 2

Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket

20 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400

Figure 7 Switch 4400 PWR — rear view 2

Console Module 2 Module 1

Power Socket Redundant Power System Socket

WARNING: When an Expansion Module is not installed, ensure the

Feature Switch 4400

To make Webcache Support, Traffic Prioritization and Configuration Save

22 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE SUPERSTACK 3 SWITCH 4400

2 INSTALLING THE SWITCH

24 CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE SWITCH

Package Contents ■ Switch unit