Theory On Transmitter

THEORY ON TRANSMITTER
MUDIT AGARWAL
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SHAH AND ANCHOR KUTCHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MUMBAI,INDIA.
[email protected]
Abstract – The three important blocks travel for a long distance because of its low-
from the electrical communication point of frequency nature. This is achieved with the
view include a transmitter, receiver, and help of a suitable analog modulation
channel. The Transmitter block collects the technique. For performing modulation, a
incoming message and modifies the high-frequency carrier is needed. Thus, an
suitable fashion so that it can be transmitted oscillator to generate a high-frequency
via the chosen channel to the receiver. The carrier and a modulator circuit to perform
receiver block will essentially do the modulation are the two blocks in the radio
reverse operation of a transmitter to recover transmitter.
the message from the received weak signal.
The channel is the physical medium that
connects the transmitter and the receiver
blocks. In the case of radio communication,
message transmission and reception take
place in the radio frequency (RF) range.
The radio transmitter is an electronic
system that accepts the incoming message BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RADIO
and converts it into a modulated signal in COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
the RF range by the modulation process.
The required power levels are also added to
the modulated signal so that it can travel for At the next level, the required power levels
a longer distance. After adding enough are added using power amplifiers, which is
power, the modulated signal is transmitted in the third block. There may be multiple
through the communication channel stages of power amplifiers. The fourth
towards the receiver. block is the antenna that radiates the signal
into the atmosphere.
I. Introduction
II. AM Transmitters
The incoming message signal may be in
non-electrical form, for instance, a speech There are two types of devices in which it
signal which is nothing but acoustic may be necessary to generate amplitude
pressure variation. The message signal is modulation. The first of these, the AM
converted into electrical form using a transmitter, generates such high powers that
suitable transducer. The electrical version is its prime requirement is efficiency, so quite
the one on which the radio transmitter complex means of the AM generation may
operates further. The first objective is to be used. The other device is the laboratory
eliminate the fundamental limitation of the AM generator. Here, AM is produced at
message signal, that is, the inability to such a low power level that simplicity is a
more important requirement than As FM increases, the reactance of C
efficiency. decreases and modulating voltage applied
to the FM module goes on increasing.
The signal now leaves the drive unit and

enters the main transmitter. Its frequency is
raised yet again, through mixing with the
output of another crystal oscillator, or a
frequency synthesizer. This is done because
the frequency range for such transmission
lines in the HF band is, from 3 to 30 Mhz.
The resulting RF ISB signal is then
amplified by linear amplifiers, as might be
expected until it reaches the ultimate level,
at which point it is fed to a directional
In an AM transmitter, amplitude antenna for transmission. The typical power
modulation can be generated at any point level at this point is generally between a 10-
after the radio frequency source. Even a and 60-KW peak.
crystal oscillator could be amplitude
modulated, except that this would be an
unnecessary interference with its frequency
stability. If the output stage in a transmitter REFERENCES
is collector modulated in a low power
transmitter, the system is called high-level 1)ijert.org
modulation. If modulation is applied at any 2) M. Khalighi, M. Uysal, Survey on Free
other point, including some other electrode Space Optical Communication: A
of the output amplifier, then so-called low- Communication Theory Perspective, IEEE
level modulation is produced. Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 16
(2014) 2231-2258.
DOI:10.1109/comst.2014.2329501.
III. SSB Transmitters 3) M. Wen, X. Cheng, and L. Yang, Index
Modulation or 5G Wireless
It has been observed that in FM, the noise
Communications (Wireless Networks),
has a greater effect on the higher
Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2017.
modulating frequencies. This effect can be
reduced by increasing the value of the 4) M.Schwartz, Information Transmission,
modulation index(mf) for higher Modulation, and Noise,4th edition
modulating frequencies(FM). This can be
done by increasing the deviation and can be
increased by increasing the amplitude of the
modulating signal for the modulating
signals of higher frequencies. Thus if we
“boost” the amplitude of higher frequency
modulating signals artificially then it will
be possible to improve the noise immunity
at higher modulating frequencies. The
artificial boosting of higher modulating
frequencies is cas as pre-emphasis.

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THEORY ON TRANSMITTER

The signal now leaves the drive unit and

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