How Does HIV Affect Our Body?

AIDS and HIV
HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system,

increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases.
Without treatment, the infection might progress to an advanced
disease stage called AIDS.
 How does HIV affect our body?
HIV attacks a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It’s
known as the CD4 helper cell or T cell. When HIV destroys this cell, it
becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections. When HIV is
left untreated, even a minor infection such as a cold can be much more
severe. This is because the body has difficulty responding to new
infections.
 What will happen to your body if you have HIV?
HIV infects a cell by first attaching itself to, and merging with, the
host T cells. T cells, also known as CD4 cells, are a type of white
blood cell that form a crucial part of the immune system.
Once inside the host cells, HIV multiplies. The virus damages or
destroys the cells before moving on to infect more cells.
 Why is aids deadly?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially

life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's
ability to fight the organisms that cause disease.
HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can also be spread by

contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy,
childbirth or breast-feeding. Without medication, it may take years
before HIV weakens your immune system to the point that you have AIDS.
 What are the symptoms?
As the virus continues to multiply and destroy your immune cells — the
cells in your body that help fight off germs — you may develop mild
infections or chronic signs and symptoms such as:
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Swollen lymph nodes — often one of the first signs of HIV infection
 Diarrhea
 Weight loss
 Oral yeast infection (thrush)
 Shingles (herpes zoster)
 What causes Aids?
HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact or

blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-
feeding.
 How does HIV become Aids?
HIV destroys CD4 T cells — white blood cells that play a large role in
helping your body fight disease. The fewer CD4 T cells you have, the
weaker your immune system becomes.
You can have an HIV infection for years before it turns into AIDS. AIDS
is diagnosed when the CD4 T cell count falls below 200 or you have an
AIDS-defining complication.
 What are the preventions?
To help prevent the spread of HIV:
 Use a new condom every time you have sex. Use a new condom every time you
have anal or vaginal sex. Women can use a female condom. If using
lubricant, make sure it's water-based. Oil-based lubricants can weaken
condoms and cause them to break. During oral sex use a nonlubricated,
cut-open condom or a dental dam — a piece of medical-grade latex.
 Consider the drug Truvada. The drug emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) can

reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection in people at very
high risk. You need to take it every day. It doesn't prevent other STIs,
so you'll still need to practice safe sex. If you have hepatitis B you
should be evaluated by an infectious disease or liver specialist before
beginning therapy. You will need a blood test to check your kidney
function before taking this drug.
 Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV. It's important to tell all
your current and past sexual partners that you're HIV-positive. They'll
need to be tested.
 Use a clean needle. If you use a needle to inject drugs, make sure it's
sterile and don't share it. Take advantage of needle-exchange programs in
your community and consider seeking help for your drug use.
 If you're pregnant, get medical care right away. If you're HIV-positive,
you may pass the infection to your baby. But if you receive treatment
during pregnancy, you can cut your baby's risk significantly.
 Consider male circumcision. There's evidence that male circumcision can

help reduce a man's risk of getting HIV infection.
Bibliography
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-
causes/syc-
20373524#targetText=Acquired%20immunodeficiency%20syndrome%20(AIDS)%20
is,sexually%20transmitted%20infection%20(STI).
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php
https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/how-hiv-affects-the-body
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#targetText=Polio%2C%20short%20for%20poliomyelitis%2C
%20or,hours%20to%20a%20few%20days.
Polio, short for poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by

the poliovirus.[1] In about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to
move.[1] This can occur over a few hours to a few days.[1][3] The weakness most often involves the
legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm.[1] Many people
fully recover.[1] In those with muscle weakness about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent
of adults die.[1] Another 25 percent of people have minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat
and up to 5 percent have headache, neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs.[1][3] These people
are usually back to normal within one or two weeks.[1] In up to 70 percent of infections there are no
symptoms.[1] Years after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of
muscle weakness similar to that which the person had during the initial infection.[2]
Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the
mouth.[1] It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from
infected saliva.[1][3] Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no
symptoms are present.[1] The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or
detecting antibodies against it in the blood.[1] The disease only occurs naturally in humans.[1]
The term "poliomyelitis" is used to identify the disease caused by any of the
three serotypes of poliovirus. Two basic patterns of polio infection are described: a minor
illness which does not involve the central nervous system (CNS), sometimes called abortive
poliomyelitis, and a major illness involving the CNS, which may be paralytic or
nonparalytic.[10] In most people with a normal immune system, a poliovirus infection
is asymptomatic. Rarely, the infection produces minor symptoms; these may include
upper respiratory tract infection (sore throat and fever), gastrointestinal disturbances
(nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or, rarely, diarrhea), and influenza-like
illness.[1]
Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known

as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract[15] –
specifically the oropharynx and the intestine.
Poliomyelitis is highly contagious via the fecal-oral (intestinal source) and the oral-oral
(oropharyngeal source) routes.[19] In endemic areas, wild polioviruses can infect virtually the
entire human population.[21] It is seasonal in temperate climates, with peak transmission
occurring in summer and autumn.[19] These seasonal differences are far less pronounced
in tropical areas.
Review of Related Literature
(HIV and Aids)
Submitted by:
Czarina Nathalie T. Competente

Christelle Angelique F. De Vera
San Rafael National Highschool

Science Technology and Engineering
San Rafael, Tigaon Camarines Sur
s/y 2019-2020

How Does HIV Affect Our Body?

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AIDS and HIV

HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system,

 How does HIV affect our body?

 What will happen to your body if you have HIV?

 Why is aids deadly?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially

HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can also be spread by

 What are the symptoms?

 Oral yeast infection (thrush)

 Shingles (herpes zoster)

 What causes Aids?

HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact or

 How does HIV become Aids?

 What are the preventions?

To help prevent the spread of HIV:

 Consider the drug Truvada. The drug emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) can

 Consider male circumcision. There's evidence that male circumcision can

Polio, short for poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by

Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known

Czarina Nathalie T. Competente

San Rafael National Highschool

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