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    Assigment3 Group8

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    This document contains an assignment report submitted by students in Dr. Wu's climatology class. It includes calculations and discussion of two air parcel cases and orographic precipitation simulations. For case B, the air becomes unstable at 2000 meters, higher than the environmental lapse rate. Case B is more likely to produce rain due to higher relative humidity and lower dew point. The simulations show that lifting condensation level and precipitation depend on factors like mountain height, initial moisture levels, and whether the air becomes saturated.

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    Assigment3 Group8

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    api-267612793
    61 views4 pages
    This document contains an assignment report submitted by students in Dr. Wu's climatology class. It includes calculations and discussion of two air parcel cases and orographic precipitation simulations. For case B, the air becomes unstable at 2000 meters, higher than the environmental lapse rate. Case B is more likely to produce rain due to higher relative humidity and lower dew point. The simulations show that lifting condensation level and precipitation depend on factors like mountain height, initial moisture levels, and whether the air becomes saturated.

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    This document contains an assignment report submitted by students in Dr. Wu's climatology class. It includes calculations and discussion of two air parcel cases and orographic precipitation simulations. For case B, the air becomes unstable at 2000 meters, higher than the environmental lapse rate. Case B is more likely to produce rain due to higher relative humidity and lower dew point. The simulations show that lifting condensation level and precipitation depend on factors like mountain height, initial moisture levels, and whether the air becomes saturated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views4 pages

    Assigment3 Group8

    Uploaded by

    api-267612793
    This document contains an assignment report submitted by students in Dr. Wu's climatology class. It includes calculations and discussion of two air parcel cases and orographic precipitation simulations. For case B, the air becomes unstable at 2000 meters, higher than the environmental lapse rate. Case B is more likely to produce rain due to higher relative humidity and lower dew point. The simulations show that lifting condensation level and precipitation depend on factors like mountain height, initial moisture levels, and whether the air becomes saturated.

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    of 4

    Dr. Lin Wu Climatology GEO3030 lwu@cpp.

    edu

    Assignment 3 Report
    (Instruction is a separate document)

    Names Contribution
    Shant Charoian Discussion
    Matthew Danna Discussion
    Jaclyn Truong Task 1 Calculation
    Angelica Demesa Task 2 Calculation

    Task 1 Adiabatic Process and Stability


    Given conditions for Case B:
    • ELR = 7.5°C/1000m
    • UALR = 10°C/1000m
    • SALR = 6°C/1000m
    • T = 25°C (at sea level)
    • Td = 18°C (at sea level)

    Note: Graph and table is on the last page.



    Derived values
    1. Sea level RH (%) 2. T at saturation (°C) 3. LCL (m) 4. Elevation stable/unstable (m)
    62.5 18 700 2000 Unstable

    Discussions (4 & 5)

    4. At which elevation the air changes from stable to unstable? (Meters) Why?

    At about 2000 m the air changes from stable to unstable as it crosses the Environmental Lapse
    Rate, the blue line on the graph. The air is unstable because it is warmer than the surrounding
    air, causing it to rise faster than the standard Environmental Lapse Rate. The warmer air is less
    dense than the colder air at the same elevation. The air is warmer because after the dew point
    condensation (rain) occurs, causing the release of latent heat.

    5. Compare the two cases (Cases A and B), which case is more likely to have rain? Explain.

    There are several factors to consider when deciding which is more likely to have rain. The
    Elevation at which the air becomes unstable, the dew point temperature, and Relative
    Humidity.
    Dr. Lin Wu Climatology GEO3030 [email protected]

    The relative humidity of Case A is 56% at 30 degrees and in Case B the relative humidity is 62%
    at 25 degrees. Relative humidity is based on the temperature and the pressure. The same
    amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. Because the
    air is colder in Case B, the relative humidity could be higher with the same amount of water
    vapor. This could mean that the air is not necessarily more saturated even though the relative
    humidity is higher.

    However, the dew point temperature for the air in Case B is at a lower temperature than case A
    indicating that there is more saturation which can cause the saturation vapor pressure and the
    dew point temperature to drop.

    Case B also becomes unstable at a lower elevation indicating more saturation. Therefore we
    can conclude that in Case B there is more likely to be rain.

    Task 2 Adiabatic Process and Orographic Precipitation


    The orographic process simulator https://elearning.cpp.edu/learning-objects/orographic-process/

    Simulation Table
    Initial Input Values Derived Values from Simulation
    Case Initial Initial Initial Mt Height LCL Mt Mt Top Mt Top Leeward Leewar Leeward
    # T (℃) Td (℃) RH (%) (m) (m) Top T Td (℃) RH (%) T (℃) d Td RH (%)
    (℃) (℃)
    #1 20 10 52.5 500 - 15 10 72 20 10 52.5
    #2 20 10 52.5 2000 1000 4 4 100 24 4 27.3
    #3 20 10 52.5 3000 1000 -2 -2 100 28 -2 14
    #4 20 17 82.9 500 300 15.8 15.8 100 20.8 15.8 73.1
    #5 20 -1 24.3 2000 - 0 -1 93 20 -1 24.3
    #6 50 45 77.6 3000 500 30 30 100 60 30 21.2

    Discussions (1, 2, 3)

    1. Compare the temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity of the air
    before and across mountain in cases 1, 2, and 3 and discuss why they are the same or
    different and what caused the differences.

    The air temperature, dew point temperature, and relative humidity of the air is the same
    before and across the mountain, where the elevation is the only variable that is changing.
    Relative humidity is a the ratio of vapor pressure to saturation vapor pressure, both of which
    are functions of dew point pressure and temperature, respectively. Therefore the relative
    humidity remains the same throughout the three cases, as the elevation hadn’t affected the t
    and td.
    Dr. Lin Wu Climatology GEO3030 [email protected]

    2. Use cases 4, 5, and 6 in the table to discuss what determine if the windward slope will
    have precipitation or not.

    In Case #4 and #6 it is precipitating on the windward side, because the air reaches its dew point
    temperature and is saturated. In case #5 the air never reaches its dew point temperature, it’s
    much lower than the others. The mountains peak never reaches the elevation for the
    temperature to reach its dew point.

    3. Use the examples in the table to discuss what affects LCL.

    The Lifting Condensation Level (LCL) is the elevation when air reaches it saturation. When the
    air reaches its saturation, this results in precipitation and relative humidity is at a 100%. Since
    the LCL depends on how much moisture the air contains and how strong is the upward
    movement, different types clouds form at different LCL.

    In cases #1 and #5, there is a clear distinction between the other four examples, because these
    two never reach the saturation point, therefor there is no precipitation whatsoever. In case #1,
    the initial relative humidity is low, and along with a low mountain peak. In case #5, there is a
    very low initial relative humidity. In both cases, if the elevation of the mountain were higher,
    the LCL would have been inevitable.

    In cases #2 and #3, the LCL is clearly based on the initial relative humidity, as they both share
    the same LLC, regardless of its elevation. In case #1, if the mountain height were 1,000 m, there
    would have been precipitation at the mountaintop.

    Conclusion

    In task 1 and task 2 we can clearly see the Adiabatic process in action and see the relationship
    between precipitation and Humidity. Through comparison of different examples we were able
    to determine how different variables effected the Adiabatic Process.
    Assignment 3

    You can use the template below to solve the problems for case B. When you enter numbers to the left side of the table, the correcponding lines
    should show up on the right side of the chart. You can calculate and derive the numbers or probram the equation into the left sife of the table if
    you are familiar with the excel functions.

    Elevation (m) T(env) T(a)


    4500 -8.75 -4.8
    4400 -8 -4.2
    4300 -7.25 -3.6
    4200 -6.5 -3
    4100 -5.75 -2.4
    Stability
    4000 -5 -1.8 5000
    3900 -4.25 -1.2
    3800 -3.5 -0.599999999999998
    3700 -2.75 0.00000000000000244249065417534
    3600 -2 0.600000000000002
    3500 -1.25 1.2
    3400 -0.5 1.8
    3300 0.25 2.4
    3200 1 3 3750
    3100 1.75 3.6
    3000 2.5 4.2
    2900 3.25 4.8
    2800 4 5.4
    2700 4.75 6
    2600 5.5 6.6
    Elevation (m)

    2500 6.25 7.2


    2400 7 7.8 2500
    2300 7.75 8.4
    2200 8.5 9
    2100 9.25 9.6
    2000 10 10.2
    1900 10.75 10.8
    1800 11.5 11.4
    1700 12.25 12
    1600 13 12.6 1250
    1500 13.75 13.2
    1400 14.5 13.8
    1300 15.25 14.4
    1200 16 15
    1100 16.75 15.6
    1000 17.5 16.2
    900 18.25 16.8
    800 19 17.4 0
    700 19.75 18
    600 20.5 19
    -15 -7.5 0 7.5 15 22.5 30
    500 21.25 20 T(env) T(a) T (C)
    400 22 21
    300 22.75 22
    200 23.5 23
    100 24.25 24
    0 25 25 Click Case A tab at the bottom to see the example page

    LCL @ 700m UALR --> SALR


    Stable until 2000m
    2000+m is unstable SALR > ELR rain
    RH = 62.5% RH=e/es
    T=25°C es = 32mb
    Td= 18°C e= 20mb

    I think B is more likely to rain because of the lower elevation at which the air becomes unstable

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