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    Light Sensor/Detector IN (Fixed Bias Circuit) : Technological University of The Philippines Visayas

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    JessaSanchez
    The document describes the design of a light sensor circuit using an NPN transistor that will turn on an LED when light is detected. It includes: 1) An analysis of the concept of using a light dependent resistor (LDR) to switch a transistor between its cutoff and saturation regions of operation. 2) Calculations to determine the component values, including the base resistor RB and collector resistor RC, based on the supply voltage, desired collector current, and transistor beta value. 3) A schematic diagram and printed circuit board layout for the light sensor circuit. 4) A conclusion that understanding transistor operation and characteristics is important for correctly designing the circuit.

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    Light Sensor/Detector IN (Fixed Bias Circuit) : Technological University of The Philippines Visayas

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    JessaSanchez
    40 views4 pages
    The document describes the design of a light sensor circuit using an NPN transistor that will turn on an LED when light is detected. It includes: 1) An analysis of the concept of using a light dependent resistor (LDR) to switch a transistor between its cutoff and saturation regions of operation. 2) Calculations to determine the component values, including the base resistor RB and collector resistor RC, based on the supply voltage, desired collector current, and transistor beta value. 3) A schematic diagram and printed circuit board layout for the light sensor circuit. 4) A conclusion that understanding transistor operation and characteristics is important for correctly designing the circuit.

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    The document describes the design of a light sensor circuit using an NPN transistor that will turn on an LED when light is detected. It includes: 1) An analysis of the concept of using a light dependent resistor (LDR) to switch a transistor between its cutoff and saturation regions of operation. 2) Calculations to determine the component values, including the base resistor RB and collector resistor RC, based on the supply voltage, desired collector current, and transistor beta value. 3) A schematic diagram and printed circuit board layout for the light sensor circuit. 4) A conclusion that understanding transistor operation and characteristics is important for correctly designing the circuit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views4 pages

    Light Sensor/Detector IN (Fixed Bias Circuit) : Technological University of The Philippines Visayas

    Uploaded by

    JessaSanchez
    The document describes the design of a light sensor circuit using an NPN transistor that will turn on an LED when light is detected. It includes: 1) An analysis of the concept of using a light dependent resistor (LDR) to switch a transistor between its cutoff and saturation regions of operation. 2) Calculations to determine the component values, including the base resistor RB and collector resistor RC, based on the supply voltage, desired collector current, and transistor beta value. 3) A schematic diagram and printed circuit board layout for the light sensor circuit. 4) A conclusion that understanding transistor operation and characteristics is important for correctly designing the circuit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

    CAPT. SABI ST. TALISAY CITY


    ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING II

    LIGHT SENSOR/DETECTOR
    IN
    (FIXED BIAS CIRCUIT)

    SUBMITTED TO:
    ENGR. RENATO S. DELDO

    SUBMITTED BY:
    JESSA MAY D. SANCHEZ
    ECE4P – D
    CHAPTER I

    ANALYSIS / CONCEPT

    BACKGROUND:
    The concept of a transistor switching application using an LDR(Light Dependent Resistor).
    Transistor has four regions of operation but in switching application it only uses two, these are
    Cut-off region and Saturation Region. In the Cut-off state both Emitter Base junction and
    Collector Base junction are reverse biased while in Saturation state both are in forward biased.
    In these activity we are assigned to design a Light Sensor/Detector circuit in fixed biased
    configuration in a Printed Circuit Board using an NPN transistor (C9013). The main concept is
    that the LED must turn on when light is present and it will operate at SATURATION REGION
    or “ ON STATE”. The LED will turn off when the LDR can sense darkness and it will operate
    at CUTOFF REGION or “OFF STATE”.

    CHAPTER II

    COMPONENTS COMPUTATION

    Assuming: 𝐼𝐶 = 15mA
    β = 100

    𝐼𝑐 = 15mA
    β = 100 Find 𝑹𝑩 :
    𝐼𝐶 = β𝐼𝑏 By KVL:
    𝐼𝑐
    𝐼𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 -𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 -𝑉𝐵𝐸 = 0
    β
    15𝑚𝐴
    𝐼𝐵 = 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 - 𝑉𝐵𝐸
    100
    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸
    𝐼𝐵 = 150µA 𝑅𝐵 =
    𝐼𝐵
    9𝑉−0.7𝑉
    𝑅𝐵(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚) =
    150 𝜇𝐴
    Find 𝑹𝒄 : 𝑅𝐵(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚) = 55.3 kΩ
    By KVL:
    𝑉𝐶𝐶 -𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 -𝑉𝐷 = 0 STANDARD VALUES:
    𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 - 𝑉𝐷 𝑅𝐶 = 470 Ω
    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐷
    𝑅𝐶 = 𝑅𝐵(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚) =50kΩ
    𝐼𝐶
    9𝑉−2𝑉
    𝑅𝐶 =
    15 𝑚𝐴
    𝑅𝐶 = 466.67 Ω
    CHAPTER III
    LOADLINE ANALYSIS:

    CHAPTER IV
    SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
    CHAPTER V
    PCB FOIL PATTER & PPG

    PCB PPG

    CHAPTER VI

    CONCLUSION:

    In this activity I conclude that in constructing a Light sensor you must know the function
    of the transistor, it’s application, and it’s characteristic for your circuit to work. You must also
    determine it’s hfe (β) range by referring to the data sheet of the transistor because it is important
    for you to assume values of the current and the hfe (β) in getting the values of the resistor that
    you will use in the circuit and for you to know if the transistor will operate or not.

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