BISLAMA WORKBOOK

NOTES, EXERCISES & TIPS

(Revised July 2011)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Most of this workbook is an adaptation of material written for Peace Corps Vanuatu by a host
of Language and Crosscultural trainers and used in Bislama lessons taught during Peace
Corps Vanuatu Pre-service Training.

Peace Corps Vanuatu greatly appreciates the efforts all of those dedicated and hardworking
people who have made this workbook possible, with special thanks to Judy Japheth,
Language and Cross Cultural Coordinator/Trainer, Peace Corps Vanuatu and the driving
force behind the 2008 and 2012 revisions.

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 Contents

INTRODUCTION 5

FACTS ABOUT BISLAMA 6

Unit 1: SOUNDS OF BISLAMA 8

Unit 2: GREETINGS 18

Unit 3: MARKET WOKABAOT 23

Unit 4: INTRODUCTION OF SELF 29

Unit 5: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE TENSES 35
Unit 6: Blong 39

Unit 7: LONG 44

Unit 8: BISLAMA PRONOUNS 49

Unit 9: HEM AND EM 57

Unit 10: GAT 61

Unit 11: INTERROGATIVES 68

Unit 12: VERBS AND VERB ENDINGS 71
Unit 13: ADDITIONAL VERBS 77

Unit 14: CONNECTIVE WORDS 83

Unit 15: MONTHS, WEEKS, DAYS AND AGES 87

Unit 16: STAP 91

Unit 17: OLSEM 96

Unit 18: SAVE 101

Unit 19: FINIS 106

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Unit 20: KLOSAP 109

Unit 21: NOMO 111

Unit 22: KASEM, KAREM, TEKEM 112

Unit 23: SE 115

Unit 24: RELATIVE AMOUNT/QUANTITY 117

Unit 25: ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS & LOCATION 120

Unit 26: BAKEGEN, WANWAN & REPETITIVE ACTION 122

Unit 27: LIKES & DISLIKES 126

Unit 28: TAEM, TAEM WE, LONG TAEM WE 127

Unit 29: ASKING & TELLING TIME 129

Unit 30: SHOPPING AT A STORE 131

Unit 31: ANATOMY/HEALTH CONDITIONS 133
Unit 32: NEGATIVE AND YES/NO QUESTIONS 135
Unit 33: STORY TELLING AND COMPREHENSION 138

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 INTRODUCTION

This workbook has three goals:

1. To introduce you to Bislama, the national language of Vanuatu.
2. To give you tips that will help you gain a functional knowledge of Bislama as quickly
as possible.
3. To provide you with exercises and notes that reinforce important elements of Peace
Corps Vanuatu’s Pre-Service Training (PST).
Your knowledge of Bislama is very important to your effectiveness as a Peace Corps
volunteer in Vanuatu. However, there is limited Bislama teaching/learning time during PST.
The workbook provides you an opportunity for self-directed learning that will equip you with
some basic Bislama skills before you start your PST. The topics and notes contained in the
workbook provide the basis for Bislama training during PST.
We suggest you start with Unit 1: Sounds of Bislama. Written and oral Bislama skills are
built upon your understanding of how the language sounds. As you master the basic rules
surrounding the use of the alphabet in Bislama, you are able to efficiently and effectively
acquire knowledge of the application of the language itself.
If you have any questions concerning Bislama or the contents of this workbook, do not
hesitate to contact -
Solomon Jimmy: [email protected]
Training Manager, Peace Corps Vanuatu
Judy Japheth: [email protected]
Language and Cross Cultural Coordinator, Peace Corps Vanuatu

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 FACTS ABOUT BISLAMA
Bislama is the national language of the Republic of Vanuatu. It is a pidgin derived from English,
French and indigenous languages that is spoken throughout the country as the lingua franca; a
common tongue which enables communication between the many different language communities of
Vanuatu. There are more than one hundred recognized languages spoken in Vanuatu by the
approximately 220, 000 residents of the islands, excluding the European languages of English and
French. There is a distinct language for, on average, every 2,200 inhabitants of Vanuatu which makes
it the country with one of the highest, if not the highest, language densities in the world. It is not
surprising; therefore, that a common language should develop that ensures communication amongst
all citizens.
In addition, English and French are spoken and understood by many ni-Vanuatus (as the citizens of
the republic choose to be called), however, it is rare for a ni-Vanuatu to speak both English and
French - especially outside the capital Port Vila on the island of Efate. One cause of this situation is
that in pre-Independence times (pre-1980) the British and French condominium government
duplicated facilities; they established competing British and French schools. The net result was that
those ni-Vanuatu who attended French schools were educated in French, while students at the British
schools were educated in English. Since independence the two-language education system has been
maintained, and is, in fact, specified in the Vanuatu constitution. This situation effectively ruled out
the possibility of either English or French becoming the national language. The only language that is
spoken throughout the country is Bislama, and this has occurred only relatively recently. Previously
Bislama was not at all well known in some of the more remote areas, especially among women, who
typically do not tend to travel outside their immediate area. Among older women in the more remote
areas, this may still be the case. Since Bislama is the only universal language of Vanuatu, it is not
surprising that it was proclaimed the national language of the republic in the country’s constitution.

How did Bislama Develop?

In the first half of the nineteenth century there was intensive whaling in the Pacific, especially in the
regions of Polynesia and Micronesia. During the course of this activity, many South Sea islanders
were engaged as ships’ crew. A kind of jargon developed as a means of communication between the
Europeans and the islanders engaged in the whaling trade. Gradually whale numbers in Polynesia
became severely depleted, with the result that the whalers moved their center of activity progressively
westwards into Melanesia. This, in turn resulted ni-Vanuatu working in the whaling industry. They,
therefore, learned the trade jargon used as the means of general communication.
At roughly the same time, an Irishman, Captain Pita Dillon, discovered stands of sandalwood on
Erromango. This wood was much prized by the Chinese and soon became the basis of a flourishing
export trade. Once traders in Australia learned of the profits to be made selling sandalwood, there
was a frantic rush to Vanuatu to acquire cargoes of the fragrant-smelling wood. The islands involved
were mainly Vanuatu’s southern ones - Erromango, Tanna and Aneitym; the same islands that had the
greatest contact with the early whalers. In fact, the only whaling station in Vanuatu, was run by
James Paddon, an early whaler, on Aneitym,.
Apart from whaling and sandalwood, another activity which involved contact and communication
between Europeans, Polynesians and the ni-Vanautu was the bêche-de-mer industry. Bêche-de-mer
or bêches-de-mer, also called Trepang, is the boiled, dried, and smoked flesh of sea cucumbers used
to make soups. Its primary market was, and is, in China.
By the early 1860’s all of these industries were winding down. However, new economic
developments were taking place which were to have important implications for the development of
Bislama. In 1862 sugar cane was established on a commercial scale in Queensland, Australia. At the
same time there was a short-lived boom in the cotton production in Queensland and in Fiji brought
about by the cotton shortage resulting from the American civil war. Further east, copra prouction was
established in Samoa by the German firm of Goddefroy and Sons.

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All of these industries were highly labour intensive. The nearest source of available labour lay in
Melanesia and in 1863 the first boatload of ni-Vanuatu were recruited and brought to Queensland.
Between 1863 and 1911, more than 50,000 ni-Vanuatu worked as indentured labourers on
plantations, mainly in Queensland but also in Fiji and Samoa. Most worked for a term of three years,
returning home at the end of that time. However, a significant number continued for a second and
even a third term.
Labor recruiting first began in the southern islands of the then-named New Hebrides, with the first
recruits coming from the island of Tanna. By the end of the 1860s, the recruiters moved north
through central and northern New Hebrides to the Banks Islands and on to the Solomon Islands. By
the early 1880s, they finally reached what is now Papua New Guinea. During this period the
recruiters signed on laborers at nearly every island. Unfortunately, many of the ships’ captains were
not always scrupulous about how they recruited their labour nor about returning recruits to their home
islands at the end of their contract period.
It was on the foreign plantations, especially in Queensland, that Bislama developed and stabilized.
The first recruits already had some knowledge of the ‘jargon’ or ‘broken English’ used by the whalers
and sandalwood traders. When they reached the plantations, recruits from the same island who spoke
the same language were generally separated so that they could not make trouble or plot against their
employers. Recruits were then forced to speak to one another in the jargon, which quickly spread
among the labourers, reinforced by the English spoken by their overseers.
The early 1890’s saw the end of the recruiting period. During this time Bislama fully established its
vocabulary and grammar. It appears not to have changed very significantly during the next 100 years.
As recruits returned home to the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, the distinctive features of
Bislama’s sister dialects, Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea and Pidjin in the Solomons, began to
emerge.
In 1981 Bislama was accepted by the churches of Vanuatu, which up to that time were mostly
administered by foreign missionaries. At that time it was deemed to be a language that was worthy of
using to communicate the word of God. Previously Bislama was considered to be a rough and
inadequate “plantation language,” not worthy of use for that purpose. Acceptance of Bislama by the
churches in Vanuatu was a crucial step towards raising the status of the language to the point where it
became universally accepted as the language of administration, occupying a pre-eminent position
because of its use throughout Vanuatu.
Bislama is the vibrant and expressive national language of Vanuatu. It is a Melanesian language in its
own right, justly recognized by the government of Vanuatu for what it is - a truly national language
which allows communication across all the language boundaries which criss-cross the country.

(Reference: D.T. Tryon. ‘Bislama – An introduction to the national language of Vanuatu. Canberra,
Australia: Pacific Linguistics, 1995.)

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 Unit 1: SOUNDS OF BISLAMA

1.1 Vowels
Bislama has five vowels - A, E, I, O, U

In Bislama the vowels are pronounced as follows -

A A as in Artist or Cart. The A always must have an “ah” sound. Never will an A sound like
the A in Airfield, Age, April. The long-A sound in these words is pronounced and
written as E as in Enter.

E E as in Enter or Enhance. The E always will sound like “eh” in English or an “é” in
French. Never will an E take an E sound such as in Meal or Deep. The long-E sound is
written as I as in Graffiti.

I I as in Graffiti or the final I in Manicotti. The I must have an “ee” (long-E) sound such as
in Meal or Deep. Never will an I sound like the I in Idol or Iron. Bislama speakers will
intepret the long-I in these two words as the dipthong ae.

O O as in Open or Over. O in Bislama is pronounced “oh” - the long-O sound. Never will it
take on other sounds as in English, e.g., pot or women.

U U as in Salute or Jubilee. The U always will have a “oo” sound. Never will a U take the
uh sound such as in Under or Umpire. Bislama speakers will inteprete the U when it is
pronounced in the above two words as a.

Diphthongs
A dipthong is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which
the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another. Examples in English are coin,
loud, and side.

There are four (4) diphthongs which occur with great frequency in Bislama. They are EI,
AE, AO,and OE.

In Bislama these dipthongs are pronounced as follows -

EI Pronounced like a long-A.

English Bislama
Day Dei
Pay Pei
Spray Sprei

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AE Pronounced like a long-I.

English Bislama
Night Naet
White Waet
Island Aelan

AO Pronounced “ow” as in towel.

English Bislama
House Haos
Flower Flaoa
Ground Graon

OE Pronounced “oy” as in joy.

English Bislama
Noise Noes
Boy Boe
Join Joen

Summary

Letter(s) English Examples Bislama Examples English Meanings

A Father Tanda Thunder
Abandon Andanit Underneath
E Pest Pepa Paper
Escape Etkwek Earthquake
I Pita Pikinini Child
Peal Kilim Hit
O Only Popo Papaya
Stove Moskito Mosquito
U Emu Muvum Move
Glucose Fulap Full
EI Pray Medeldei Midday
Delay Imeil Email
AE Recline Taem Time
Crime Straek Strike
AO Plow Braon Brown
Ouch Taon Town
OE Deploy Voes Voice
Royal Loea Lawyer

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 Exercise
Practice pronouncing the following letter combinations in Bislama -

BA KA FA SAS LAS

BE KE FE SES LES

BI KI FI SIS LIS

BO KO FO SOS LOS

BU KU FU SUS LUS

1.2 Consonants
The following consonants are not used in “correct” written Bislama - C, Q, X, Z
However, you will come across many ni-Vanuatu who use them. In addition, because
Bislama is spoken by most people in addition to their own local language, there is a tendency
for some sounds to be pronounced in ways that show influence of local languages which
sometimes makes their transcription problematic.
The rules and guidelines that are contained in this handbook provide guidance and facilitate
learning. However, you will discover that many ni-Vanuatu have their own set of rules
concerning written Bislama. Bislama currently is a loosely structured language with few
hard and fast rules, although there are efforts undeway to standardize it.

Letter Used Letter Used English Word as

in English in Bislama Example in English Written in Bislama
C K Candle Kandel
Q KW Queen Kwin
X EKS X-ray Eksre
Z S Zero Sero

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1.3 Letter Combinations
Some letter combinations in English are transliterated and pronounced as a single letter in
Bislama. They are -

English Bislama Examples in English Examples in Bislama

SH S Ship Sip
Shoes Sus
CH J or K Church Jioj
Chest Jes
Channel Kanal
Christmas Krismes
PH F Photo Foto
Telephone Telefon
TH T Thank you Tankio
Thirty Teti

1.4 Basic Sentence Types

In English the basic sentence type is a simple sentence containing a subject or actor, a verb

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

and, in most cases an object or goal, thus:

For example:
(1) The elephant twisted his trunk.
(2) You can go to the beach.
(3) Paul jumped up and down.
(4) That didn’t help at all.
Sentences (1) and (2) are called transitive sentences since objects are expressed in both -
namely trunk and to the beach. Sentences (3) and (4) are called intransitive as neither has
an object of the verb.

Transitive: Designating a verb or verb construction that expresses an action carried

from the subject to the object; requiring a direct object to complete
meaning. For example-
(1) My friend helped me. Fren blong mi i helpem mi.
(2) Julie broke her leg. Julie i brekem leg blong hem.

Intransitive: Designating a verb or verb construction that does not require or cannot
take a direct object. For example -
(1) The thief escaped. Stil man i ronwei.
(2) Mary fainted. Eye blong Mary I waet.

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The following are Bislama examples of the verbal sentence types and their English
translations -

Bislama Sentence English Translation

Pikinini i krae. The child cried.

Hem i foldaon. He/she fell down.

Man ia i save. This man knows.

Pita i sik tumas. Pita is very sick.

Hem i kilim mi. He/she hit me.

Rat i kakae taro. The rat ate the taro

The structure of this sentence type is the same as that outlined above for English with the
addition of is what is called a predicate marker – “i” (pronounced ee, as in bee) placed
between the subject and the verb. A predicate is the part of the sentence containing the verb.
The predicate marker marks the beginning of the verb phrase - the predicate of the
sentence.

SUBJECT + Predicate Marker + VERB + OBJECT

These types of verbal sentences are very common in Bislama as well as sentences which do
not contain a verb. This feature is common to Bislama and the other pidgin languages of the
Pacific area and is refered to as a verbless sentence.

The structure of this verbless sentence type can be represented as follows -

SUBJECT + Predicate Marker + OBJECT

These occur frequently and, at first, appear strange to English-speakers. Here are some
examples:

Bislama Sentence English Translation

Pita hemi pasta. Pita is a pastor.

Olgeta oli bisop. They are bishops.

Wanem samting ia? What is this/that thing?

Haos ia i blong jif. This is the chief’s house.

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In the first two examples, the predicate marker “i” is attached to the subject. The third
person singular subject- English she, he and it- translate to hem. The attachment of the
predicate marker creates the word hemi. Due to the non-standard spelling of Bislama, you
may see it written either as hemi or as hem i. The same attachment can occur to the third
person plural – English they – or Bislama ol which becomes oli.

Verbless sentences correspond to the English verb “to be” in contexts that do not address
location. This is the direct equivalent to a sentence of the type, “Pat is a nurse,” or “This is a
big village.”

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EXERCISES #1
A. List the four letters that are not used in Bislama and beside each, write which letter is
used instead.
Letter(s) Not Used Letter Used Instead

B. Spell the following in Bislama:

1) Airport 11) Telephone
____________________________ ____________________________
2) Agriculture 12) Three
____________________________ ____________________________
3) Church 13) Teacher
____________________________ ____________________________
4) Cold 14) Young People
____________________________ ____________________________
5) Clever 15) Zero
____________________________ ____________________________
6) Physical Training 16) Plane
____________________________ ____________________________
7) Peace Corps 17) Basket
____________________________ ____________________________
8) Pineapple 18) Yam
____________________________ ____________________________
9) Queen 19) Pull
____________________________ ____________________________
10) Shellfish 20) Butter
____________________________ ____________________________
21) Yellow
____________________________

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C. Think about what you had for breakfast this morning and write down each item in
English in the left hand column then write the Bislama spelling in the corresponding
place in the right hand column.

English Bislama

Example: Water Wota

D. What are the names of the two sister languages to Bislama in Melanesia that were
developed around the time of the early traders and missionaries? (Refer to the
introductory chapter “What is Bislama.”).
(1)
(2)

E. Write the English words for the following Bislama words.

Bislama English

Bas

Kantri

Rif

Drae

Rat

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DIALOGUE 1
LONG VANUATU IN VANUATU
Pita i storian wetem wan fren, nem blong hem Peter is chatting with a friend named Shem.
Shem. Shem i askem kwesten long Pita olsem - Shem asks Peter a question -

Shem: Pita, mi wantem askem wan kwesten Shem: Peter, I want to ask you a question.
long yu.
Peter: What about, friend?
Pita: Olsem wanem fren?
Shem: Our country gained its Independence in
Shem: Kantri blong yumi emi winim 1980. It is not the same as before. What’s your
Independens long 1980. Emi no olsem bifo. opinon about that?
Wanem tingting blong yu long hemia?
Peter: That’s right. Our country is progressing
Pita: Tru ia, kantri blong yumi emi gohed nao. now. It has only one government. Before we
Emi gat wan gavman nomo. Taem we yumi no had independence, we had two governments.
kasem independens yet i gat tufala govman.
Shem: That’s right! Now the path is cleared
Shem: Hemia nao. Rod i klia blong yumi save for us to make our country progress.
gohed blong mekem kantri blong yumi i kam
antap. Peter: I’m sorry, Shem. The bus is coming, I
have to go.
Pita: Mi sori, Shem. Bas i kam nao. Bae mi
mas go. Shem: Where are you going?

Shem: Yu go wea? Peter: I’m going to Nambatri, to my house.

Pita: Mi go long nambatri, long haos blong mi. Shem: All right, I’m going also;
to buy some food at the store.
Shem: Oraet, mi tu mi go nao blong pem kakae
long stoa. Peter: OK, see you later.

Pita: Oraet, lukim yu bakegen.

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VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

Askem Ask Aelan Island
Bas Bus Hu Who
Em He/she Puskat Cat
Gohed Go ahead Bisi Busy
Kakae Eat/food Baskel Bicycle
Kantri Country Jif Chief
Klia Clear Rat Rat
Kwesten Question Faenem Find
Mo And Bisop Bishop
Nem Name Kambak Return, come back
No/Nogat No Rif Reef
Olsem Like, thus Fas Stuck
Oraet All right Drae Dry
Ripablik Republic Kam soa Came ashore
Sam Some Sanbij Beach
Stoa Store Flae Fly
Taem Time, when Hem He, she, it
Tru True, right Krae Cry
Tufala Two of them Sidaon Sit
Wanem What Giaman Lie
Wetem With Faol Fowl, hen
Yu You Laekem Like
Bakegn Again Skelem Weigh
Fastaem Previously Gud Good
Fren Friend Foldaon Fall
Gavman Government Natalae Clam shell
Haos House Strong Loudly, strong
Inglis English Laf Laugh
Kam Come Gel Girl
Kasem Catch, fetch, get Plante Many, plenty
Mekem Make Taon Town
Nao Then Spel Rest
Niufala New Storian Story, chat
Nomo Only, just Tingting Think, opinion
Pem Pay, buy Tu Too, two
Rod Road Wantem Want
Sori Sorry Winim Win, earn (money)

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 Unit 2: GREETINGS

Greetings in Vanuatu vary with location. Common greetings include saying “Moning” to
anyone you happen to meet between 5:30am and 9:00am or just “Halo”. “Halo” is used at
anytime of the day. In the evenings and at night, people say “Gud naet,” at both greeting and
parting. If you are lucky, you may get a smile accompanied with a little nod of the head or
raised eyebrows. In most parts of the country locals would prefer to shake your hand if they
meet you for the first time or if they haven’t seen you for a while. The shaking of hands is a
general ni-Vanuatu trademark for greeting other people and is basically a friendly gesture.

2.1 Common and Useful Greetings

Bislama English
Halo Hello
Olsem wanem? I gud? How are you? OK?
I oraet? Are you OK?
I stret! Everything’s fine/I’m fine.
I gud! I’m fine.
Gudmoning Good morning.
Gudnaet Good night/Good evening.
Tata Good bye
Lukim yu See you later
Nem blong mi… My name is…

Take Note!!

You will also come to realize that, in addition to greeting you, ni-Vanuatu people who know
you will also tend to ask where you are going and tell you where they are going even if you
didn’t ask.

Sometimes this happens without them even saying “halo,” especially during the day. You
will frequently be greeted with “Yu go wea?” (Where are you going?). This is the equivalent
of “What’s up?” though you are expected to answer with where you are going. When asked
about your plans, such as can be seen in the two dialogues on the next page, it is not because
the ni-Vanuatu person is curious about it; it’s just the way people greet each other. It is a
normal courtesy, not something that is intended to be off-putting.

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2.2 Useful Vocabulary Upon Leaving/Departing

Bislama English
Ale mi go nao. Okay, I’m leaving/I’m going.
Bae mi go nao. I will leave now/I will go now.
Mi go fastaem. I’m going/leaving.

2.3 Greeting Dialogues

Dialog A

K: Gud moning Mala.

Good morning Mala.

M: Eh, Kalo, moning, olsem wanem?

Hey Kalo, morning, how are you?

K: I stret be yu go wea?
Alright and where are you going?

M: Wokabaot nomo.
Just strolling.

K: Ale mi go nao.
Okay, I’ll be going now.

M: Ale.
Okay.

Dialog B

J: Halo Alice, yu kam wea?

Hello Alice, where did you just come from?

A: Mi kam long maket nomo.

I just came from the Market.

J: Mi tu, mi go karem kabis nomo.

Me too, I just got some cabbage.

A: Ale Jenny, mi go fastaem.

Okay Jenny, I’d better be going.

J: I gud, bae mi luk yu afta.

That’s good; I’ll see you around afterwards.

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EXERCISES #2
A. What are the parts of a Ni-Vanuatu greeting should you expect to hear from a ni-Vanuatu
friend?

B. From the vocabulary used in the Greeting Dialogs, predict what the two words
“Ale” and “Bae” might mean?
Ale: ______________________________________________________________
Bae: ______________________________________________________________
C. Dialogs
(1) A Peace Corps Volunteer (PCV) went to the city on Monday and was greeted by Mr. X.
Their conversation is given in Dialogue A.
Dialog A - Monday
Mr. X: Gud morning fren. Olsem wanem? I oraet?
Good morning friend. How are you? Good?
PCV: I oraet, be yu?
Alright - yourself?
Mr X: I stret be yu stap mekem wanem?
Fine. So, what are you up to?
PCV: Mi wantem go long taon.
I want to go to town.
Mr X: Afta bae yu mekem wanem?
What will you do after that?
PCV: Bae mi stap long haos nomo.
I’ll be home.
Mr X: Be yestedei yu bin mekem wanem?
But what did you do yesterday?
PCV: Yestedei mi bin go swim long riva. Be yu?
Yesterday I went and had a swim in the river. What about you?
Mr X: Yestedei mi bin go long taon.
Yesterday I went to town.
PCV: Ale, fren mi stap go nao.
Okay friend I should be going now.
Mr X: Ale, lukim yu
Okay, see you.
PCV: Ale, tata
Okay, bye.
(2) On Tuesday the same PCV ended up having to greet Mrs. C. What are the phrases the
PCV might be able to use? Write your answers in the spaces provided.

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DIALOGUE B - Tuesday
Mrs C: Gud morning fren.

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

Mrs C: I stret be yu stap go wea?

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

Mrs C: Afta bae yu mekem wanem long aftenun?

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

Mrs C: Be yu bin mekem wanem yestedei?

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

Mrs C: Mi bin go daeva long solwota.

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

Mrs C: Ale, lukim yu.

PCV: ______________________________________________________________

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COMPREHENSION 1
PIJIN BLONG SOLWOTA (Story from Epi)
Mi stori long wan stori abaot pijin blong solwota mo
sotleg. Wantaem tufala i stap finis tufala i go long
solwota. Tufala i go blong luk se solwota i drae o no.
Wan i talem se, “Tumoro bae yumitu go long karen mo
tekem kakae i kamdaon long sanbij afta yumitu go
lukaotem sel long rif.”
stori = tell
Taem deilaet i kam, tufala i go long karen mo karem Pijin blong solwota = Seagull
kakae blong tufala i kamdaon long solwota. Tufala i Sotleg = Ground dove
putum i stap. Tufala i luk se solwota i drae. Ale, tufala Talem = tell, say
i go long rif. Tufala i wokbaot long rif mo faenem wan
sel, nem blong em natalae. Pijin blong solwota i talem
long sotleg i se, “Sel ia, emi blong mi.”
Be sotleg i talem, “No, emi blong mi, mi faenem, emi Karen = garden
blong mi.” Sel = shellfish
Delaet = dawn
Pijin blong solwota i nomo tok mo emi stap kwaet Kamdaon = come down
nomo. Sotleg i traem blong tekemaot sel ia be emi no Solwota i drae = low tide
save tekem aot. Afta hemi askem long pijin blong Solwota i kam so = high tide
solwota se, “Bae mi mekem olsem wanem blong tekem Tok = speak
sel blong mi?” Mo = and
Afta = then
Pijin blong solwota i talem long sotleg se, “Yu putum
wan leg blong yu i go insaed long hem. Ale, bae yu
save tekemaot.”
Sotleg i putum wan leg blong em i go insaed long sel ia. Askem = ask
Taem leg blong sotleg i go insaed, sel ia i kam sat mo i Tekemaot = remove
fas long leg blong sotleg ia. Naoia leg blong Sotleg i Olsem wanem = how
stap insaed. Hemi nomo save pulumaot leg blong hem Mekem = make, do
bakegen from sel ia i holem taet. Pijin blong solwota ia Putum = put
Insaed = in side
i stap wokabaot long rif be sotleg, natalae ia i holem leg
blong hem. I stap kasem taem we solwota i kam fulap
bakegen. Ale, sel ia i open bakegen. Sotleg i pulumaot
lek blong hem afta hemi kam soa be pijin blong solwota
i flae i go aotsaed long solwota.

Naoia tufala i badfren kasem tedei, mekem se sotleg i

nomo flae long solwota be hemi stap flae long graon
nomo.

22
 Unit 3: MARKET WOKABAOT

Volunteers often walk to the marketplace to buy fresh vegetables and fruits. While at the
market you learn the names of various tropical fruits, root crops and vegetables, which come
in various shapes, sizes and colors. The following are many of the words and phrases
associated with buying goods at the market.
3.1 Useful Vocabulary for Shopping at the Market

Bislama English
Hamas long …? How much for …?
Hamas long … (item) ia? How much for this … (item)?
Yu salem …? Do you sell …?
Mi wantem pem …. I want to buy ….
Wanem ia? What is this?
Wanem nem blong hemia? What is the name for this?
Tanko tumas (blong/long) …. Thank you very much for ….

3.2 Quantities/Sizes/Kinds of Items

Bislama English
Sam Some
Wan bandl A bundle
Tu basket Two baskets
Tri rol Three rolls
Fo pis Four pieces
Faev plastik Five plastic (bags)
Siks botel Six bottles
Ol bigwan Big ones
Ol smol wan Small ones
Sas Expensive
Jip Cheap
Raep Ripe
Redi Mature
Konkon Bitter
Swit Sweet

23
3.3 Names of Products
English Bislama English Bislama
Papaya/Pawpaw Popo Cassava Manioc

Orange Aranis Coconut Kokonas

Banana Banana Grapefruit Pamplemus

Cucumber Kukamba Tomato Tomato

Carrot Karot Chinese cabbage Waet Bun

Breadfruit Bredfrut Sweet potato Kumala

Watermelon Wotamelon Pumpkin Pamkin

Pineapple Paenapol Beans Bin

Mandarin Orange Mandarin Ginger Jinja

Lemon Lemon Corn Kon

Mango Mango Water cress Wota kris

Passionfruit Pasenfrut Firewood Faeawud

Guava Guava Coconut oil Oel kokonas

Avocado Avoka Bell pepper Kapsikom

Island cabbage Aelan kabis Yam Yam

Taro Taro Taro Leaf Taro Lif

24
3.4 Market Dialog
Vendor: Gudmoning!
Good morning.

Trainee: Gudmoning. Hamas long wan frut aranis?

Good Morning. How much for an orange?

Vendor: 50 vatu long ol bigwan mo 30 vatu long ol smol wan.

50 vatu for the big ones and 30 vatu for the small ones.

Trainee: Bae mi pem 2 smol wan mo wan bigwan.

I will buy two small ones and a big one.

Vendor: Hemi 110 vatu long evriwan.

It is 110 vatu for all of them.

Trainee: Hemia mane blong yu.

Here’s your money.

Vendor: Tankiu tumas.

Thank you very much.

Trainee: I oraet, be wanem nem blong hemia?

Great, but what is the name of this?

Vendor: Oh, nem blong hemia, Navara.

Oh, it’s called Navara.

Trainee: Mi wantem pem wan. Hamas long hem?

I want to buy one. How much is it?

Vendor: 50 vatu long wan.

50 vatu for one.

Trainee: Hemia mani blong yu. Tankiu tumas.

Here is your money. Thank you very much.

Vendor: Tankiu tu; ale tata.

Thanks as well; okay, bye.

Trainee: Ale, lukim yu, tata.

Okay, see you, bye.

25
EXERCISES #3
A. Translate these sentences into Bislama.

i. What’s the name for this?

__________________________________________________________________

ii. How much for this taro?

__________________________________________________________________

iii. I’d like to buy some oranges.

__________________________________________________________________

iv. Thank you very much.

__________________________________________________________________

v. I’d like to buy some ripe bananas.

__________________________________________________________________

B. Using arrows match these jumbled phrases.

ten rol aelan kabis five plastic bags of lemons

tri bandel faeawud some oranges

sam aranis a ripe mango

faev plastik bak blong lemon six bottles of coconut oil

siks botel oil kokonas ten rolls of island cabbage

wan raep mango three bundles of firewood

C. Spell these numbers in Bislama -

20: _________________________________
25: _________________________________
50: _________________________________
100: _________________________________
1000: _________________________________

26
DIALOG 2
LONG BANG AT THE BANK

Long moning ol bank oli open long haf pas In the morning the banks open at half past
eit. Pita hemi kam long taon blong go eight. Peter came to town to go to the Vila
long Vila maket. Taem market i finis, market. When the market was over, at
klosap long leven oklok, hem i resis kwik nearly 11:00 o’clock, he hurried to the
taem i go long bank blong tekemaot mane bank to withdraw some money to buy fuel
blong pem bensin blong enjin blong hem. for his outboard motor. Inside the bank he
Insaed long bank, hemi luk wan fren, nem sees one of his friends, Tom.
blong hem Tom.
Peter: How are you, Tom? Are you OK?
Pita: Olsem wanem Tom, i gud?
Tom: Fine, Peter. What brings you here?
Tom: I gud nomo, Pita. Yu kam blong
mekem wanem? Peter: I’ve come to withdraw some
money, since I spent all my cash at
Pita: Mi kam blong tekem smol mane the market.
from olgeta mane blong mi i go finis
long maket. Tom: Yes, I’ve also come to get some
money for the weekend as well.
Tom: Yes, mi tu mi kam blong tekem mane
blong wiken ia. Peter: The price for petrol has gone high.
I’ll probably withdraw 5,000vt.
Pita: Praes blong bensin i go antap. Ating
bae mi kaerem aot faev taosen vatu. Tom: I would also like to change some
American dollars into vatu. A
Tom: Mi wantem jenisim sam dola blong tourist bought a plate of my food at
Amerika i kam long vatu. Wan turis the market.
i pem wan plet blong mi long maket.
Peter: You can change American and
Pita: Yu save jenisim dola blong Amerika Australian dollars into vatu. It’s
mo Ostrelia i go long vatu – hem i isi no problem.
nomo.
Tom: Yes, I think an American dollar
Tom: Yes, mi ting se wan dola blong would be close to a hundred vatu.
Amerika hemi klosap long wan
hanred vatu. Peter: That’s right. Okay Tom, you can
take your turn, there’s nobody in
Pita: Hemia nao. Okay Tom, yu save line.
gohed nao. I no gat man i stap long
laen. Tom: Okay buddy, see you again next
week, on July 10th. Don’t forget
Tom: Oraet, fren. Bae mi luk yu bakegen the church committee meeting.
long nekis wik, long namba ten Julae.
Yu no fogetem miting blong komiti Peter: That’s right, I won’t miss it.
blong jioj.
Pita: That’s right, bae mi no mestem.
Pita: I stret, bae mi no mestem.

27
VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

Antap On top, above, high Givim Give
Ating Probably, possibly Go daon Go down
Basket Basket Haf Part of, half
Bifo Before Hukum To hook, catch
Blong wanem Why Jenisim Change
Brekem Break Julae July
Bus Bush Kamtru Arrive
Dokta Doctor Klosap Near, almost
Eit Eight Longwe Far
Enjin Engine Lus Lose, lost
Faet Fight Mama Mother
Fis Fish Masket Rifle
Aranis Orange Mit Meat
Bang Bank Nekis Next
Bensin Benzine, gasoline Ofis Office
Bigfala Big Plet Plate, dish
Bodi Body Riva River
Botel Bottle Skin Skin
Buk Book Stanap Stand up
Digim Dig Stilim Steal
Dola Dollar Tebol Table
Faef Five Tin Tin
Finis Finish, end Tingbaot Think of
Fogetem Forget Papa Dad
From Because Turis Tourist
Go go On and on Waen Wine
Gud Good Wik Week
Hed Head Windo Window
Hemia nao That’s it Wokem Work, build
Insaed In side Vila Vila
Klok Clock Rop Rope
Krab Crab Niuwan New
Nogud Not good Wof Wharf
Praes Price Sarem Close, shut
Ronem Chase, hunt Sik Sick
Save Can, know Swim Swim
Trak Truck, car Taro Taro
Smol trak Car Nes Nurse
Nidim Need Raes Rice
Waef Wife Slip Sleep
Wiken Weekend Minista Minister
Wet Wait Kapsaedem Tip over
Miting Meeting Olfala Old
Mestem Miss, fail Resis Run, race

28
 Unit 4: INTRODUCTION OF SELF

The first time you meet someone who wants to talk to you, it may be a good idea to introduce
yourself. The vocabulary in this section will help you introduce yourself.

4.1 Vocabulary and Phrases for Starting Conversations

English Bislama
Hello Halo

How are things? OK? Olsem wanem? I gud?

Just fine I gud nomo

My name is … Nem blong mi...

What’s your name? Wanem nem blong yu?

Come Kam

I come from … Mi kam long ...

Come for/to ... Kam blong …

Come back from.. Kam bak long….

Island Aelan

You’re welcome I stret/ I oraet

What do you do? Yu stap mekem wanem?

Please Plis

I am very happy/pleased Mi glad tumas

I am from … Mi blong ….

I speak only a little Bislama Mi toktok smol Bislama nomo

Very glad/Happy Glad tumas

Good Gud

Like Laekem

Feel good/Feel happy Harem gud

Feel bad/ not feeling well Harem no gud

29
4.2 Introduction Dialogs
Dialog A
A: Gudmoning.
Good morning.
B: Gudmoning.
Good morning.
A: Wanem nem blong yu?
What is your name?
B: Nem blong mi Erick, be yu?
My name is Erick, and you?
A: Nem blong mi Robin, mi kam long aelan blong Tanna, be yu?
My name is Robin; I come from the island of Tanna. What about you?
B: Mi blong America mo mi kam olsem wan volentia blong Pis Kop.
I come from America and I am here as a Peace Corps Volunteer.
A: Mi glad tumas blong mitim yu.
I am so glad/happy to meet you.
B: Mi tu, mi glad tumas blong mitim yu.
Same here, I’m very glad/happy to meet you.
A: Ale, lukim yu nekis taem.
Okay, see you next time.
B: Ale, ta ta.
Okay, bye!
Dialog B
C: Gud moning, olsem wanem?
Good morning. How are you?
D: I oraet, be yu?
Fine, yourself?
C: Mi oraet, be, mi save askem nem blong yu?
I’m alright; can I ask your name?
D: Nem blong mi John, be yu?
My name is John, what’s yours?
C: Nem blong mi Patrick. Mi wan volentia blong Pis Kop long Malekula. Be yu blong wea?
My name is Patrick. I am a Peace Corps Volunteer (working) on the island of Malekula. So
where are you from?
D: Mi blong Santo mo mi wan student blong Malapoa College.
I am from (the island of) Santo and I am a student at Malapoa College
C: Mi glad tumas blong mitim yu.
(I am so glad to meet you.)
D: Mi tu, mi glad tumas blong mitim yu.
Likeiwse, I’m so glad to meet you.
C: Ale.
Okay.
D: Ale, tata.

30
Okay, bye.

31
EXERCISES #4
This is a jumbled dialogue of a conversation between a Peace Corps Volunteer (PCV) and a
local from the island of Santo. Arrange the sentences so that the dialogue makes sense in a
Bislama conversation.
Local: Halo fren.
PCV: Mi blong America be yu?
Local: Mi stap wokem karen nomo.
PCV: Nem blong mi Andy, be yu?
Local: Ale, tata.
PCV: Halo.
Local: Olsem wanem?
PCV: I stret be yu?
Local: Mi glad tumas blong mitim yu. Bae mi lukim yu samtaem bageken.
PCV: I oraet. Ale lukim yu.
Local: Mi oraet. Wanem nem blong yu?
PCV: I gud, mi laekem Karen. Mi stap wok wetem ol fiuja farmer blong Vanuatu.
Local: Nem blong mi Vuro. Be yu blong wea?
PCV: Mi wok olsem wan Volentia blong Pis Kop. Be yu wok wea?
Local: Mi blong South Santo. Be yu stap wokem wanem?

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

Local: _______________________________________________________________

PCV: _______________________________________________________________

32
Local: _______________________________________________________________

COMPREHENSION 2
Read the following story and answer
OL WELFIS the following questions in English.

Nem blong mi, Sempet Naritantop. Bae mi storian long

wan moa kastom storian. Storian ia hemi go olsem:

I gat wan man long Potnarvin emi stap long wan ples
wetem woman blong em, emia saot long Erromango we
bambae = will (future marker)
oli kolem Unulmar. Man ia nem blong em Rungu, be mi
kastom = traditional
no save nem blong woman blong em. Olgeta i stap long
saot = south
long Unulmar. Man ia, plante man oli stap go luk em
kolem = to call
blong emi mekem lif blong ol frut olsem bretfrut,
be = but
namambe, nandao, ol kaen frut olsem. Hemi stap karem
stap go = to go
lif blong em mo mekem i go long laplap yam mo i stap
mekem lif = to make magic
go fidim ol welfis mo ol welfis ia nao em i stap wosipim
nandao = lychee friut
olgeta blong oli stap givim ol frut long ol man.
namambe = chestnut
laplap = pudding
Plante taem we emi stap mekem karen, emi mekem wan
blong em, mo wan blong olgeta welfis ia mo taem emi
fidim = feed
stap mekem laplap emi mekem difren laplap blong ol
wosip = to worship
welfis mo difren wan blong em mo waef blong em.
blong = so that
Oltaem emi stap mekem olsem, be samtaem sapos emi
mekem karen = To garden
no mekem, ol welfis ia oli stap kam singaotem em blong
kakae = food
givim kakae long olgeta, oli stap singaot “Rungio,” be
oltaem = Continually
man ia nem blong em “Rungu.” Be from kakae we ol
sapos = if
welfis oli stap kakae mifala i singaotem “io” mekem se
singaotem = to call to
oli singaotem hem “Rungio.” Taem we emi harem olsem,
taem = when
emi karem laplap mo go givim long olgeta.
katem = to cut, shorten
we = which
Plante taem ol man i kam askem mo em nomo i stap
wantaem = once
mekem olsem go go wantaem woman blong em i talem
long em se,
hadwok = to work hard
“Man, mi mi stap hadwok blong mekem laplap ia, be mi
lukluk = look at, see
neva luk ol welfis ia, yu wan nomo yu stap go luk olgeta.
yu wan nomo = only you
Bambae tedei yumitu go.”
samting ia = this thing
tabu = forbidden
Be man blong emi talem se, “No, samting ia em tabu
strong = obstinate
blong ol woman i luk.”
tedei = Today
Be woman blong em I strong. Nao hemi mekem man ia i
se, “Oraet tedei nao bae yumitu go luk.”

33
Taem tufala i mekem laplap finis, tufala i karem i go. finis = complete action
Taem tufala i go stanap olsem blong givim kakae, man ia stanap = to stand
i sakem kakae i go, be ol welfis oli no wantem kakae. I sakem = to throw
gat wan welfis we emi stap lidim ol fren blong em i kam, lidim = to lead
em i kros. Nao emi jam long solwota olsem ia, i putum kros = angry
tel blong em i stap daon long solwota be emi stanap stret jam = jump
nomo long solwota. Taem man ia i luk olsem, emi tanem tel = tail
em mo talem long woman blong em se, stap daon = to be down

“Yu luk, mi talem long yu finis se bae yu stap, mi nomo tanem = to turn around
mi kam, be yu mekem naoia ol samting ia oli kros nao. kasem = as far as
Naoia kwiktaem bae yumitu go bak long haos. Ating bae semtaem = at the same time
wan samting bae i hapen long yumitu.” ded = dead
wan samting = something
Tufala i go bak long haos. Taem tufala i go kasem haos hapen = happen
olsem woman blong em i ded sem taem. Afta, i no long kwiktaem = quick
taem man ia tu i ded.

Comprehension questions:
(1) What is the narrator’s name?

(2) How many human characters are there in the story?

(3) To whom did Rungu give the laplap?

(4) Why did he do this?

(5) What was his wife’s reaction?

(6) What did she want to do?

(7) What happened when Rungu threw the food down to the whales?

(8) Why were the whales angry?

(9) What did Rungu then say to his wife?

(10) What happened to the couple when they reached home?

34
 Unit 5: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE TENSES

5.1 Present Tense Indicators

“Naoia” Now
“Stap” At present (refers to ongoing action)
When ‘naoia’ or ‘stap’ is used in a Bislama sentence, it indicates the present tense.
5.2 Future Tense Indicator
“Bae/Bambae” will do something.
(An ‘m’ is sometimes placed in front of the words to make mbae or mbambae.)
Compare the two sentences below:

Bislama English
Mi go long taon. I’m going to town. (i.e., now)
I went to town.

Bae mi go long taon. I will go to town.

The first sentence doesn’t specify tense. The hearer knows the tense of the verb by the
context. In the second sentense, however, the use of bae (or bambae) before the subject
means that this sentence is referring to the future. (Note: Bae (or bambae) can occur in
many different places in a sentence.)
5.3 Past Tense Indicators
“Jas” (“tes”) Just (to have just done something.)
“Bin” Been (past activities.)
“Finis” Finished (completed action/something already done)
Notes: “Bin” is most commonly used when time occurred of event is not given.
In a number of areas of Vanuatu jas is pronounced as tes.

35
Now, compare these two sentences:

Bislama English
Alfred hemi wokabaot long bus. Alfred has been walking in the bush.
Alfred’s going to walk in the bush.
Alfred is walking in the bush.

Alfred hemi bin wokabaot long bus. Alfred walked/has been walking in the bush.

Again, the first sentence can refer to the past, the present or the future depending on the
context. When bin is added after the predicate marker, or before the verb, the sentence refers
to past time. Unlike bae (or bambae), bin must occur between the predicate marker and the
verb. Similarly, jas and finis in sentences also indicate action in past tense.
5.4 Examples Indicating Tense
Naoia – Present Tense
 Mi wantem tokktok wetem yu naoia.
I want to talk with you now.
 Naoia hemi taem blong go long haos.
Now its time to go home.
 Yumi mas statem wok naoia.
We must/have to start work now.
‘Stap’ – Present Tense (indicates ongoing action)
 Mi stap klapem han blong mi.
I am clapping my hands.
 Mi stap kakae yet.
I am still eating.
 Yufala i stap mekem wanem.
What are you doing?
Stap & Naoia combined – Present Tense
(Note: Naoia translates now/this time)
 Mi stap kakae naoia.
I am eating now.
 Mi stap toktok long yu naoia.
I am now talking to you now.

36
Bae (Mbae, Bambae, Mbambae) – Future Tense
 Bae yumi mit bakegen samtaem.
We will meet again sometime.
 Mbae mi go kakae.
I am going to eat.
 Bambae mi go silip.
I am going to sleep.
Jas – Past Tense
 Mi jas kambak long taon.
I just returned from town.
 Mi jas Kakae nomo.
I’ve just eaten.
Bin – Past Tense
 Mi bin go long taon long moning.
I went to town this morning.
 Mi bin tuarem Ostrelia las yia.
I toured Australia last year.
 Tufala i bin wok long kontena sip bifo.
Those two have worked on a cargo ship before.
‘Finis’ – Past Tense (refers to a completed action)
 Rebecca i kakae finis.
Rebecca has eaten.
 Hem i kambak long haos finis.
He/She has returned to the house.
 Mifala i finis danis nao.
We are done dancing now.

37
EXERCISES #5

A. Write the Bislama tense indicators.

i. Present Tense: _____________________________
_____________________________

ii. Future Tense: _____________________________

_____________________________

iii. Past Tense: _____________________________

_____________________________
_____________________________
B. Write three sets of three short sentences using each of the three tenses in each set.

i. ______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

ii. _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

iii. _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

38
Unit 6: BLONG

Blong (most often pronounced “blow”) is used frequently in Bislama and in many different
contexts. Below are some its uses.

6.1 Blong Indicating Belonging To or Possession

Bislama English
Haos blong mi. My house.

Naef blong yu. Your knife

Haos blong mifala. Our house.

Wil blong trak. The wheel of the truck.

Pikinini blong hem. His/Her child.

6.2 Blong + Hu Meaning Whose?

Bislama English
Leta blong hu ia? Whose letter is this?

Buk ia blong hu? Whose book is this/that?

6.3 Blong Indicating Function or Purpose For

Bislama English
Taem blong stadi. Time to study.

Kokonas blong Coconuts for planting.

planem.

Buk blong rid. Reading book.

Wota blong drink. Drinking water.

39
6.4 Blong Indicating Reason for Action

Bislama English
Mi go long taon blong pem bred. I went to town to buy bread

Mi go long skul blong lanem I go to school to learn things.

samting.

Mi kam blong pentem haos. I came to paint the house.

6.5 Blong Describing Character of Identity

Bislama English
Hemi man blong drink. He is a drunkard.

Hemi man blong toktok. He is talkative.

Hemi woman blong wok. She is a hardworking woman.

Hemi blong Tanna. He/she is from Tanna.

EXERCISES #6
A. Indicate where “blong” fits in the following sentences by placing a small star between the
words.
For example; Hed * Ronald i soa tumas.

i. Mi wantem klaem wan tri kokonas mifala i dring.(I want to climb coconuts for us to drink.)

ii. Susan i kam luk mi. (Susan came to see me.)

iii. Olgeta ofisa Polis i kam wan ples. (The Police officers came from the same place.)

iv. Bigfala haos hu ia? (Whose big house is it?)

v. Kevin hemi wan man wok. (Kevin is a hardworking man.)

vi. Famli mi i go long Solwota. (My family went to the beach.)

vii. Brata Rebecca i kam tedei long moning. (Rebecca’s bother came this morning.)

viii. Adam i man futbol. (Adam is a football player.)

ix. Tumoro bae mifala i go long haos Loren. (Tomorrow we will go to Loren’s house.)

40
x. John hemi man bus. (John is a bushman.)

A. If a “pig’s tusk” is “tut blong pig” and a “mango seed” is “sid blong mango” and “blade
of a saw” is “tut blong so,” write down how you would say the following things in
Bislama.

i. Crab’s claw_____________________________________________________________

ii. Blade of an axe__________________________________________________________

iii. Watermelon seed________________________________________________________

iv. Bird’s wing_____________________________________________________________

v. Lion’s teeth_____________________________________________________________

B. Using arrows, match the usages of blong with the correct Bislama example.

Blong Usage Bislama Example

1. BLONG – used to indicate 1. Mi kam blong wok olsem
possession or ownership. wan Pis Kop Volentia.

2. BLONG HU? – whose? 2. Windo blong haos.

3. BLONG – indicating the 3. Jerry i wan man blong daeva.

function or purpose.
4. Sus blong hu ia?
4. BLONG – indicating reason for
action. 5. Naef blong katem wud.

5. BLONG – describing the 6. C-draev blong komputa.

character or identity of a person.
7. Hemi wan man blong bush.

8. Wan buk blong hu ia?

41
DIALOG 3

LONG MAKET AT THE MARKET

Misis Jons hem i go long maket wetem haos Mrs Jones goes to the market with her house
gel blong em, Evelin. Long Vila i gat maket girl, Evelin. In Vila there is a market three
tri taem long evri wik, long Wenesdei, long times a week, on Wednesdays, Fridays and
Fraede mo long Sarere. Taem ol turis i kam Saturdays. When tourists come to Vanuatu
long Vanuatu long stima, samtaem oli on a cruise ship there is yet another market.
mekem wan narafala maket bakegen.
Mrs J: Evelin, yumi hariap blong go long Mrs J: Evelin, we'd better hurry to the
maket. Sipos yumi no go daon kwiktaem, market. If we don't go down quickly, we'll
bae yumi mestem ol gudfala kakae. miss all the good food.
Evelin: Oraet Misis. Mi tekem basket blong Evelin: All right, ma’am. I haven't forgotten
mi. Mi kam kwiktaem. my basket. I’m coming right away.
Mrs J: Mi wantem pem sam kokonas, mo Mrs J: I want to buy some coconuts and
eni kaen salad fastaem. Sipos i gat, bae mi some salads first - and, if there are some, I
karem sam banana tu. will get bananas as well.
Evelin: Yes, luk, Misis, woman ia i gat sam Evelin: Yes, look ma’am, this lady has some
gudfala grin kokonas. good green coconuts.
Mrs J: Emi hamas long wan? Mrs J: How much is it for one?
Evelin: Oli 30 vatu long wan. Evelin: They cost 30 vatu each.
Mrs J: Yu talem se bambae yumi tekem fo Mrs J: Tell her we will take four for a
long wan handred vatu. hundred vatu.
Evelin: I gud, Misis. Woman ia em i talem Evelin: That is fine ma’am. This woman
se yu save tekem long praes ia. Wanem mo says you can take them for that price. What
yu wantem pem? else do you want to buy?
Mrs J: Yu traem faenem sam aelan kabis, Mrs J: Try and look for island cabbage,
Evelin. Wan narafala samting mi wantem, Evelin. Another thing I want is tuluk made
emi tuluk we olgeta woman blong Mele i by the women from Mele.
mekem. Evelin: I saw some tuluk already. They are
Evelin: Mi luk tuluk finis. Emi stap daon on the side towards the post office. I will try
long saed i go long Postofis. Bae mi traem and get some but the price has probably really
karem sam, be ating praes i go antap tumas, gone up, to 50 vatu each.
olsem 50 vatu long wan. Mrs J: Oh Evelin, I forgot oranges. Please
Mrs J: Oh Evelin, mi fogetem aranis. Yu buy one basket. That will be enough for a
save pem wan basket plis. Emi naf long week. Both my children like Lelepa oranges,
wan wik. Tufala pikinini blong mi i laekem since they are very sweet.
ol aranis blong Lelepa from we oli swit
Evelin: I want to buy a basket of taro for my
tumas.
family too, but the price is too high - 500 vatu
Evelin: Mi wantem pem wan basket taro for a small basket. It’s probably better to
blong famli blong mi tu, be praes i hae leave out the taro. I'll buy some manioc
tumas - 500 vatu long wan smol basket. instead.
Ating i moa gud sipos mi livim taro.
Mrs J: All right Evelin, we'll go home now.
Bambae mi pem sam maniok.
Can you manage everything? Our car is rather
Mrs J: Oraet, Evelin, yumi go bak long a long way away.
haos nao. Yu save karem evri samting? Trak
Evelin: Yes, ma’am.
blong yumi i stap longwe lelebet.
Evelin: Yes, Misis

42
VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

angekejif handkerchief bambu bamboo, flute
bihaen after/later bildem build
bislama bislama blo blow
blong hu whose blong wanem why
bonem burn but shoe
danis dance devel devil, spirit
faenem find fiva malaria
folem follow foto photo
fraede Friday franis France, French
futbol soccer grin green
hariap hurry harem gud feel well
hil hill kabis cabbage
kamaot come from kampani company
kaon loan/credit kaori kaori tree
kapten captain kwaet quiet
lanem learn lanwis language
lelebet somewhat, a little Lelepa Lelepa
livim leave layaken lawyer cane
lusum lose/lost medel middle
mek noes make noise Mele Vilej Mele Village

43
 Unit 7: LONG

Although long (frequently pronounced “low”) sounds similar to blong it is used quite
differently. Here are some of its meanings.

7.1 Long Used to Point to a Location

Bislama English
Long wei Over there/ Far
away

Klosap long Near/close to

Narasaed long Opposite/beside

Kam long From

Examples

Bislama English
Fredi i stap long wei Freddy is over there

Yut senta i stap klosap long Fres Youth Center is close to Fresh
Wota Skul Water School

Stoa i stap narasaed long bang The store is opposite the bank

Ruth i kam long Niu Silan Ruth comes from New Zealand

7.2 Long Used to Describe an Instrument/Means of Transport

Bislama English

Mi kam long trak. I came by truck.

Mi sutum fis ia long masket. I shot that/this fish with a spear gun.

44
 Bata i isi long katem long naef. Butter is easy to cut with a knife.

7.3 Long Used as a Preposition

Bislama English
Long On

Long In

Andanit long Underneath

Insaed long Into

Narasaed long Beside

Other positional words are -

Bislama English Bislama English

Antap On top Baksaed Backside

Insaed Inside Bihaen Behind

Aotsaed Outside Foret Front

Klosap Close up/near Saed Side

Raetsaed Right side Saed ia This side

Lefsaed Left side Saed i go That side

Examples

Bislama English
Bred i stap long tebol. Bread is on the table.

Sip i kam long moning. The ship came in the morning.

45
 Wan geko i stap andanit long A gecko is under the stone.
ston.

Rebecca i jam insaed long reva. Rebecca jumps into the river.

Mi stap sitdaon narasaed long yu. I’m sitting beside you.

7.4 Long Used as an Interrogative

Bislama English
Long wea Where

Long At

Examples

Bislama English

Yu kam long wea? Where do you come from?

Patrik i stap long stoa. Patrick is at the store.

Yumi silip long naet. We sleep at night.

46
EXERCISES #7
A. Write down the four different uses of the Bislama word long.

i. LONG - _______________________________________________________________________

ii. LONG - _______________________________________________________________________

iii. LONG - _______________________________________________________________________

iv. LONG - _______________________________________________________________________

B. Write in English the usage of long and its translation for each of the following sentences. For
example: Kofi I stap long tebol – Preposition (on).

i. Pis Kop Ofis i stap long

wei.______________________________________________________

ii. Haos blong Lance i stap klosap long post

ofis.________________________________________

iii. Bae yumi go long aelan long ship._________________________________________________

iv. Mifala i kambak long Tanna yestedei.______________________________________________

v. Mi wantem sitdaon narasaed long Patrick.___________________________________________

vi. Putum sam suka long ti blong yu.__________________________________________________

vii. Bas bae i kam long 10

o’klok._____________________________________________________

viii. Wan rat i stap andanit long haos blong

mi.___________________________________________

ix. Stoa i stap long wea?___________________________________________________________

x. Mifala i stap swim long solwota.__________________________________________________

47
COMPREHENSION 3

VOLKENO BLONG LOPEVI (Epi)

Flaea=fire
Mi stori long faea we oli kolem volkeno, we i stap long Lopevi. Stap=happen
Wantaem long wan Sande long aftenun, emi wantem kamdaon. Wantaem=once
Long Sande long aftenun emi faerap. Taem we i faerap, wota i Sande=Sunday
kamaot long em i kamdaon, faea i laet bihaen. Tufala i Faerap=erupt
kamdaon, wota i go fastaem long solwota, faea i kam bihaen. I Wota=lava
bonem ol wud mo ston. Faea i laet long soa, i kam kasem long
solwota. Emi laet long solwota tu. Taem we ol man oli luk faea Bihaen=behind
ia i kamdaon wetem wota, oli ran i go long saed we faea i no Bonem=burn
kamdaon long em. Oli go stap wanples long ples ia. Oli stap Wud=tree
andanit long wan tri, oli kolem nambanga. Oli stap wet long Tufala=both
wan sip bae i kam pikimap olgeta blong go long wan narafala Si=sea, ocean
aelan. Long nara dei, wan sip i kam tekem olgeta oli go stap Folem=follow
long aelan blong Paama. Gavman i kam luk olgeta, i talem se:
"oh, yumi lukaot wan ples blong yumi tekem yufala i go stap Soa=shore
long em" Kasem=as far as
Stap wanples=stay together
Oli tekem jif wetem sam moa man, oli kam raon long Epi, oli ples=place
wantem faenem wan ples blong oli stap. Taem oli kam askem Andanit=under
long Epi, olgeta long Epi oli talem se “wan ples i stap, blong Nambangka=banyan
B.P. Sipos yufala wantem, yufala go askem long B.P bae oli
kam stap long em.” Gavman i askem long B.P. Wet=wait
Sip=ship
B.P. i letem. Gavman i pemaot. oli go tekem olgeta long Paama Pikimap=pick up
bakegen i kam stap long Epi, long ples ia. Naoia oli stap long narafala=another
ples ia i go kasem tedei. Emia stori blong volkeno long Lopevi. Ale=then, all
Paama=Paama
Read the following story and answer the following questions in English.
Comprehension questions:
(1) Where was the volcano?
(2) When did the eruption take place?
(3) Which came out first, the lava or the fire?
(4) Where did they end up?
(5) Where did the people take shelter?
(6) What did they wait for?
(7) Where did the relief ship take them?
(8) Where did they find some new land?
(9) To whom did this land belong?
(10) What was the result of the negotiations?

48
 Unit 8: BISLAMA PRONOUNS
Pronouns in Bislama indicate number (i.e., singular: hem - he, she, it - vs. plural olgeta -they)
but not gender. The third person singular pronoun, hem, is used irrespective of the gender of
its object.
8.1 Pronoun Forms
Bislama pronouns are -

Singular yu, mi, hem

Dual yutufala, mitufala, tufala, yumitu

Trial yutrifala, mitrifala, trifala, yumitri

Plural Yufala, mifala, olgeta, yumi

Note: Ol is the short form of olgeta, which means they/them.

8.2 Direct Speech
Talking directly to the person or the people concerned, pronouns to use are -

1st Person mi, mifala, mitufala, mitrifala

2nd Person yu, yutufala, yutrifala, yufala

Inclusive yumi, yumitufala, yumitrifala

8.3 Indirect Speech

Talking to someone about a third person or some other people pronouns to use are -

3rd Person hem, tufala, trifala, olgeta

8.4 Pronoun Summary Chart

SINGULAR DUAL TRIAL PLURAL

st
1 Person mi mitufala mitrifala mifala
Inclusive -- yumitufala yumitrifala yumi
2nd Person yu yutufala yutrifala yufala
3rd Person hem tufala trifala olgeta

49
Examples

Bislama English
Mi go nao. I’m going.

Mitufala i go nao. We (the two of us, but not you) are going.

Mitrifala i go nao. We (the three of us, but not you) are going.

Mifala i go nao. We (several of us but not you) are going.

Yumitrifala i go nao. We (the three of us, are going) are going.

Yumitufala i go nao. We (you and I) are going.

Yumi go nao. We (several of us including you) are going.

Yu go nao. You (singular) are going.

Yutrifala i go nao. You (the three of you) are going.

Yutufala i go nao. You (the two of you) are going.

Yufala i go nao. You (plural) are going.

Hem i go nao. He (She/It) is going.

Tufala i go nao. They (the two of them) are going.

Trifala i go nao. They (the three of them) are going.

Olgeta i go nao. They (plural) are going.

More Examples

Bislama English
Mi wantem lukim yu. I want to see you.

Hem i stap go wea? Where is he/she going?

Yutufala i blong wea? Where do you two come

from?/Where are the two of you
from?

Mitrifala i bin kakae laplap. We (the three of us) ate laplap.

Olgeta i save mi. They know me.

Tufala i jas mared nomo. They (Him and Her) just got
married.

50
 Bae mitufala i silip smol. We (two of us but not you) will take
a short nap.

8.4 Pronouns and Predicate Markers

The following pronouns must immediately be followed by the predicate marker “i” when
they are the subject of the sentence -

hem, yutufala, mitufala, tufala, yutrifala, mitufala, trifala yufala, mifala, olgeta.

For example: Olgeta i stap kakae.

They are eating.
Tufala i go bak long haus.
Those two are going back to the house now.
Bae mifala i go long maket long 10 o’klok.
We are going to the market at 10:00.

The following pronouns do not require an ‘i’ anywhere in a sentence -

mi, yu, yumi, yumitu, yumitri.

No object in a sentence is followed by the predicate marker, because it is not the active agent
in the sentence.

EXERCISES #8
A. List all the Bislama pronouns and their meanings.

i. ________________________ ___________________________
ii. ________________________ ___________________________
iii. ________________________ ___________________________
iv. ________________________ ___________________________
v. ________________________ ___________________________
vi. ________________________ ___________________________
vii. ________________________ ___________________________
viii. ________________________ ___________________________
ix. ________________________ ___________________________
x. ________________________ ___________________________
xi. ________________________ ___________________________
xii. ________________________ ___________________________
xiii. ________________________ ___________________________

51
xiv. ________________________ ___________________________
xv. ________________________ ___________________________

A. List five (5) of the pronouns indicating direct speech?

i. __________________________________
ii. __________________________________
iii. __________________________________
iv. __________________________________
v. __________________________________

B. List the four (4) pronouns indicating indirect speech’

i. __________________________________
ii. __________________________________
iii. __________________________________
iv. __________________________________

C. Translate into bislama

i. We are going to the store:_________________________________________

ii. You two must sleep now:_________________________________________

iii. They are from America:__________________________________________

iv. We (but not you) are going to the ocean:_____________________________

v. Those three are from Tanna:_______________________________________

vi. Where is he from?:______________________________________________

52
DIALOG 4

53
 LONG TANNA IN TANNA
Olgeta turis long Vanuatu ol i laekem All tourists in Vanuatu like to travel to
wokbaot i go long Tanna blong visitim Tanna to visit the volcano on that island.
volkeno blong aelan ia. Plante man we Plenty of people who work in Vila like to
oli stap wok long Vila ol i laekem go take holidays on that island too. Mrs
spel long aelan ia tu. Misis Jones em i Jones goes to the Air Vanuatu office to buy
go long ofis blong Ea Vanuatu blong tickets for her family.
pem tiket blong famli blong em.
Mrs J: Gud moning, Jems. Mifala i Mrs J: Good morning, James. We want
wantem go spel long Tanna nekis wik. to go to Tanna for a break next week. Is
Plen i stap go long Tanna long Tusde? there a plane to Tanna on Tuesday?
James: Yes Misis. I gat plen i go long James: Yes, Madam. There’s a plane to
Tanna evri dei. Yufala evriwan i Tanna every day. Do you all want to go
wantem go long Tusde, namba ten Mei? on Tuesday, on May 10th .
Mrs J: Hemia nao. Dokta Jones, mi
wetem tufala pikinini. Mrs J: That's correct - Dr. Jones and I
James: Oraet. Mi makem finis nem and the two children.
blong yufala. James: All right. I've already written in
Mrs J: Mi no visitim Tanna bifo. Oli your names.
talem se i gat samfala Kest haos long
Lenakel. Mrs J: I haven't visited Tanna before.
James: Hemia nao, Misis. Yu wantem They say there are some Guest houses in
mi askem wan bangalo blong yufala? Lenakel.
Mrs J: Yes, Jems. Sipos i gat wan we i James: That's right, maam. Would you
gat fo bed i stap insaed, hemia nao rum like to reserve a bungalow?
we mifala i wantem.
James: I gud nomo olsem. Bambae Mrs J: Yes, James. If there’s one with
yufala i stap hamas dei long Tanna? four beds; that’s what we want.
Mrs J: Wan wik nomo. Stat long namba James: That's good then. How many days
10 Mei go kasem namba 16 Mei. do you want to stay on Tanna?
James: Long namba ten, plen blong
yufala bae emi aot long leven klok, mo Mrs J: Just one week, begining on the
long namba sikistin bambae plen i lego May 10th through to 16th May.
Tanna long fo klok long aftanun. James: On May 10th your plane will leave
Mrs J: Oraet. Wanem samting mifala i at 11 o'clock, and on the 16th you will
save luk long Tanna? leave Tanna at four o'clock in the
afternoon.
Mrs J: All right. What are all the things
to see on Tanna?

54
James: I gat plante samting, Misis. James: There’s plenty to see, Maam. The
Nambawan samting hemi volkeno long first thing is the volcano at White Sands,
Waet San, klosap long Salfabei. Hemi close to Sulfur Bay. It is active all the
stap faerap oltaem mo graon i seksek. time and the earth shake when it erupts.
Mrs J: Wanem moa? Mrs J: What else?
James: Yufala i save wokbaot long James: You can go for a trip to middle
medel bus blong visitim gud aelan ia. bush so you can experience the real island
Taem yufala i godaon long solwota long life. If you get to the coast at White Grass
Waet krass, yufala i save luk ol wael hos you can see wild horses.
we i stap resis olbaot. Mrs J: Very good. We'll try to rent a
Mrs J: I gud tumas. Bambae mifala i truck to travel around the island.
traem rentem wan trak blong wokbaot James: It would be better if you go with
raon long aelan. the Tour Vanuatu driver, as he knows the
James: I mo gud sipos yufala i go wetem Tanna roads well.
draeva blong Tour Vanuatu from we i Mrs J: Thank you so much James.
save gud ol rod long Tanna.
Mrs J: Tangkyu tumas Jems

55
VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

Aesbokis Refrigerator Jamdaon Jump down
Bel Stomach Komiti Committee
Bonem Burn/Give birth Leftemap Lift
Disfela This, that Luksave Understand
Fes Face, front Makas Residue
Givimbak Give back/retaliate Manis Month
Holidei Holiday Nambas Penis wrapper
Katen Carton Nawita Squid
Koprativ Co-operative Pis Piece/Peace
Pilo Pillow Rasta Rust
Mak Mark Snek Snake
Man ples 'Local’ Wan One, a, an
Mun Moon Wea Where
Suga Sugar From Because
Poen Point Mekem se So, so that

56
 Unit 9: HEM AND EM

The main difference is the spelling of the two words, hem and em. The pronunciation of the
two words in Bislama is exactly the same. Their meanings are -.

Hem – He/ she/it

Em – He/she/it

Hemi – He is/She is/It is

Emi – He is/ She is/It is

Wehem – Where is (referring to something/someone)

Wem – Where is (referring to something/someone)

Example dialoque using Hem -

Wehem Sera? Where is Sera?

Hemi go long taon She’s gone/went to town.
Hem wetem hu? Who did she go with?
Hemi go wetem Tom She went with Tom.
Olsem wanem long smol dog blong hem How about her puppy.
Hem i stap It’s here.

The same dialogue using Em -

Wem sera? Where is Sera?

Em i go long taon. She’s gone/She went to town.
Em i go wetem hu? Who did she go with?
Em wetem Tom. She went with Tom
Olsem wanem long smol dog blong em? How about her puppy?
Em i stap. It’s here.

Note: Hem and em are used identically. In addition, their sounds and pronunciation are
also the same. The only difference is in their spellings. However, their usage varies on
different islands. For instance, on Tanna you’ll find that hem is more frequently used than
em. On Efate em is more used than hem. Which form you use will depend on your island.

57
EXERCISES #9
A. What is the Bislama word for each of the following?

He/ She/ It – ________________________________

He is/ She is/ It is – ________________________________
Where is – ________________________________

B. Arrange the following words to make complete and grammatically correct sentences.

i. naef, long, mi, givim, hem

ii. naes, aelan, hemi, wan, smol

iii. stap, emi, basket, long, mi, blong

iv. charles, we hem, ?

v. taon, hem, i, go, long

vi. stap, em, i

C. Answer the following questions in Bislama using ‘Hem’ and ‘Em’.

For example -- Q: Wehem Kevin?

A: Hem i stap long skul.

i. Wehem mama blong yu?

ii. Wanem nem blong bes fren blong yu?

iii. Papa blong yu i gat wan trak?

58
COMPREHENSION 4
Read the following story and answer the following questions in English.

MIUSEK LONG VANUATU (Aneityum)

Naoia bae yufala i harem wan nara kaen instrument or
samting blong pleplei long em long saed long kastom blong
Tanna. Emia emi bambu.
Long Vanuatu bifo i gat plante plante aelan we oli yusum
bambu blong mekem ol miusik. Be naoia i gat sam aelan
nomo we oli stap yusum bambu. Mo kaen bambu ia we nara=other, another
bambae yumi harem oli plei long em, yu save faenem long bambu=bamboo, pan-pipe
Santo mo samples long Tanna. Mi save se i gat plante aelan yusum=use
tu bifo oli gat bambu olsem, be naoia i gat wan o tu man kaen=type, kind
nomo i save. rikodem=record
fiuja=future
Be emia nao wok blong mifala long Kaljoral Senta, mifala i
traem blong rikodem ol samting olsem mo enkaregem ol fasem=tie
olfala we oli save blong yusum ol bambu mo ol olfala stori o laen=line
samting olsem blong tijim ol yangfala long em blong oli en=end
harem i go on blong fiuja blong Vanuatu. I gat plante fasin tep=tape
we ol man i yusum bambu blong bloem. I gat sam we oli blo
long wan bambu nomo. Mo i gat sam we ol man i fasem Kaljoral Senta= Cultural center
plante mekem bamboo tugeta; afta oli blo long em. Be emia encouragem= Encourage
we bae yufala i harem naoia, oli fasem oli laen, mo i gat eit yangfala= Teenagers
bloem= To blow
bambu. I gat wan longfala wan long en, afta oli katkatem i
bambu = Bamboo
kam sotfala go go kasem laswan. Las bamboo long laen nao
em i sotfala gud. Mo oli mekem ol defren saon. Man we bae i
blo long bambu naoia, nem blong em Ham Rowar. Taem
emi mekem tep ia, emi gat fiftin yia noma, mo emi blong
vilej blong Yetkerier long Kwamera, Saotis Tanna. Bambae
em i blo long bambu we oli fasem long wan streit laen.

Comprehension questions:
(1) Where is the bamboo still played today?
(2) What is the work of the Cultural Centre as discussed?
(3) What is the purpose of this work?
(4) What kinds of flute are discussed?
(5) What kind of flute is played in the recording?
(6) How many pipes does it have?
(7) What is the name of the flute-player?
(8) How old was he when he made the recording?

59
VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

Aftenun Afternoon Amerika America
Blokem Prevent, block Bom Bomb
Delaet Daylight Disemba December
Medel dei, Midday Doa Door
Gel Daughter Draevem Drive
Draon Sink, drown Eafil Airfield
Eli Early En End
Eprel April Evriwan Everyone
Fasin Way, manner Februari February
Fiuja Future Fraede Friday
Helpem Help Jenuware January
Jun June Julae July
Kampas Compass Kamap Rise
Laef Life Kastom Tradition
Letem Permit, allow Laen Line
Maj March Maet Perhaps
Mei May Mande Monday
Aftenun Afternoon Minit Minute

60
 Unit 10: GAT

“I gat” is a commonly used phrase with four uses related to the English infinitive “to be” -
there is, there are, there were and there will be. Its negative form “i no gat” translates as
“there is no ….” In addition, gat is sometimes used alone to designate the presence of a
characteristic consistent with the meanings of “to be” or “has” in English.

10.1 “I Gat” Meaning “There Is”

Bislama English

I gat wan man I stap wet long yu. There is someone waiting for you.

I gat wan maret long narasaed vilij. There is a wedding on the other side of
the village.

I gat wan stoa long vilij blong mifala. There is a store in our village.

10.2 “I Gat” Meaning “There Are”

Bislama English

I gat naen pis kop treni long not There are nine Peace Corps trainees on
Efate. North Efate.

I gat mo bittim 100 difren lanwis long There are more than 100 different
Vanuatu. languages in Vanuatu.

I gat tri lanwis mo kros kalja trena. There are three language and cross
culture trainers.

10.3 “I Bin Gat” Meaning “There Were”

Bislama English

I bin gat faev haos be naoia i nomo There were five houses but now there are
gat. none.

I bin gat naen long mifala be naoia i There were nine of us but now there are
gat tri nomo. only three of us.

I bin gat fulap telefon long vilij ia be There were plenty of telephones in this
naoia i nomo gat. village but now there are none.

61
10.4 “Bae I Gat” Meaning “There Will Be”

Bislama English

Bae i gat danis tedei long naet. There will be a dance tonight.

Bae i gat PST trening long not Efate. There will be PST training at north Efate.

Bae i gat fulap samting we bae yumi There will be plenty of things that we will
lanem. learn.

10.5 The Negative Form “I No Gat”

Bislama English

I no gat rice long stoa. There is no rice in the store.

I no gat mane blong pem skul fi. There is no money to pay school fees.

I no gat plante man o woman olsem. There aren’t many men or women like this.

10.6 Examples of the Uses of “I Gat”

Below are some examples of phrases using “i gat” -

Bislama English Bislama English

Mi gat I have Mi no gat I don’t

Hem i gat He/She has Hem i no gat He/She doesn’t have

Yumi gat We have Yumi no gat We don’t have

Olgeta i gat They have Olgeta i no gat They don’t have

Mitufala i gat Two of us Mitufala i no gat Two of us don’t have

Tufala i gat Two of them have Tufala i no gat Two of them don’t have

Trifala i gat Three of them have Trifala i no gat Three of them don’t have

62
10.7 Examples of Other Uses of “Gat”

Bislama English Bislama English

Gat ae To be sharp eyed Gat hed To be intelligent, wise

Gat bel To be pregnant Gat rosta To be rusty

Gat bun To be strong Gat kala To be beautiful/nice/set

Gat gris To be fat

EXERCISES #10

A. From the notes provided, list the various uses of ‘“i gat.”

B. Translate these Bislama sentences to English.

i. I gat wan stoa long vilij blong mifala.

__________________________________________________________________

ii. I gat plante diferen lanwis long Vanuatu.

__________________________________________________________________

iii. Olgeta i no gat kakae.

__________________________________________________________________

iv. I gat wan gel i stap wet long yu long telefon.

__________________________________________________________________

v. I no gat melek long stoa.

__________________________________________________________________

C. How would you say the following in Bislama?

i. Alice is pregnant. ______________________________________________
ii. The chicken is fat. ______________________________________________
iii. Armstrong is wise. ______________________________________________
iv. This truck is rusty. ______________________________________________
v. That man is strong. ______________________________________________

63
DIALOG 5

64
 LONG POLIS STEISEN THE POLICE STATION
Mista Braon emi girap long haf pas Mister Brown got up at 6.30 a.m. When
sikis long moning. Taem emi go he went outside to go to the office, he got a
aotsaed blong go long ofis, emi big surprise as his car was no longer
sapraes tumas from trak blong em i no there. Someone had stolen it during the
stap. Wan man i bin stilim long naet. night. Mr. Brown quickly rushed down to
Mista Braon em i resis kwiktaem i go the police station.
long polis steisen.
Mr. B: Gudmoning ofisa, mi wantem Mr. B: Good morning, officer. I wish to
talem se wan man i bin stilim trak blong report that my car was stolen last night.
mi las naet.Taem mi girap naoia, trak When I got up just now my car was no
blong mi i no stap. longer there.
Polis: Sori tumas.Wanem nem blong Policeman: I'm sorry. What is your
yu? name?
Mr. B: Nem blong mi Pol Braon. Mi Mr. B: I'm Paul Brown. I work at the
stap wok long Hae Komisin blong Australian High Commission.
Ostrelia. Policeman: What kind of car was stolen?
Polis: Wanem kaen trak oli bin stilim? Mr. B: It was a Toyota.
Mr. B: Emi wan Toyota. Policeman: What is the registration
Polis: Wanem namba blong em? number?
Mr. B: Emi 2067. Mr. B: It is 2067.
Polis: Wanem kala blong em? Policeman: What color is it?
Mr. B: Emi red. Mr. B: It is red.
Polis: Yu no livim ki i stap insaed long Policeman: You didn't leave the key in
trak? the car did you?
Mr. B: No, mi no livim insaed long Mr. B: No, I didn't leave it in the car. It's
trak. I stap long traoses blong mi nomo. in my pocket. Here it is.
Emia. Policeman: I think they joined the wires
Polis: Ating oli joenem waea blong to start the engine.
statem enjin. Mr. B: I don't know. I didn't hear any
Mr. B: Mi no save. Mi no harem noes noise at all during the night. Maybe they
nating long naet. Maet oli pusum trak i pushed the car some distance first. Then,
go longwe fastaem, taem i stap longwe when it was some distance away, they
oli statem wetem waea. started it with wire.
Polis: Sipos oli mekem olsem, ating i Policeman: If they did that, then it wasn't
no wan man nomo i bin stilim trak just one man who stole the car. Maybe
blong yu. Mat i gat tu o tri man oli bin two or three people did it.
mekem samting ia.

65
Mr. B: Yes, ating olsem. Mr. B: Yes, I agree.
Polis: Bambae mifala i traem faenem Policeman: We will try to find your car.
trak blong yu. Sipos yu laki, oli no If you are lucky, they won’t damage the
spoelem trak ia, be sipos olgeta i drong car, but if they were a bit drunk they may
lelebet, maet oli bangem finis long wan have crashed it into something.
samting. Mr. B: Oh, officer, if you can find it I'll be
Mr. B: Oh, ofisa, sipos yufala i save very happy. If you find the car you can
faenem, bae mi glad tumas. Sapos call my office on 22531; at home my
yufala i faenem, yu save ring i go long phone number is 22217.
ofis blong mi long 22531; long haos Policeman: All right Mr. Brown, we're
blong mi namba blong telefon em i sorry that your car was stolen last night. If
22217. we find the culprits, we will certainly
Polis: Oraet Mista Braon, mifala i sori punish them.
tumas from we oli bin stilim trak blong Mr. B: Thank you very much, officer.
yu long naet. Sapos mifala i faenem Good day and good luck!
olgeta we oli bin stilim, bambae mifala
i mas panisim olgeta.
Mr. B: Tangkiu tumas, ofisa. Gud dei
mo gud lak!

66
VOCABULARY

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

aeanem Iron afsaed Outside
aftenun Afternoon andanit Underneath
ale All right big Big
bigwan Large amount bin Been (Past tense)
blak Black dog Dog
drong Drunk faerap Erupt
fiksimap Repair flasem Decorate
girap Get up hevi Heavy
joenem join kala Color
kamgud Heal kasem As far as, until
kaset Cassette klosem Close
laki Lucky letem Allow
longfala Long, tall lukaot Look for
meresin Medecine miusek Music
nabanga Banyan nangae Ngali nut
nara Another, other nius News
ofisa Officer oltaem Constantly
Ostrelia Australia panisim Punish
pemaot Pay for pikimap Pick up
polis Police rabis Useless
raorao Argue, fight raon Round, around
red Red ring Ring
saed Side, area Sandei Sunday
sanem Send sapraes Surprise
singsing Sing, song smolsmol Tiny
soa Shore sofsof Soft
sot Short, shirt spia Spear
statem Start stik Stick
ston Stone taed Tired
tangkiu Thank you tawian In-law
telefon phone trabol Trouble
traot Vomit waet White
yelo Yellow yia Year

67
 Unit 11: INTERROGATIVES
In Bislama interrogatives can occur at the start or the end of a sentence. The principal
question words/phrases are as follows:

11.1 Question Words

English Bislama
What? Wanem?

How? Olsem wanem?

How many? How much? Hamas?

Why? For what purpose? Blong wanem?

Why? What for? From wanem?

Where? Wea? (end of sentence); Wem (start of sentence)

Who? Hu?

When? Wanem taem?

11.2 Examples of Questions

1. Wanem nem blong aelan ia? 5. Yu go long Vila blong mekem wanem?
What is the name of this island? What did you go to Vila for?
2. Olsem wanem long mama ia, bae hem 6. Pita, i silip wea?
tu i go o no gat? Where does Peter stay?
How about this mama, will she go to or
not? 7. Huia i go long taon?
Who is going to town?
3. Hamas man i bin lus long 11 September
2001? 8. Gem i stat lo wanem taem?
How many people died on September What time does the game start?
11, 2001?
4. Yu no kam wetem mifala yestedei from
wanem?
Why didn’t you come with us yesterday?

68
EXERCISES #11
A. Translate these sentences to Bislama.

i. What did he say?

_______________________________________________________________________
ii. What did they steal?
__________________________________________________________________
iii. How did you come?
__________________________________________________________________
iv. Why are you crying?
__________________________________________________________________
v. What is he/she doing?
__________________________________________________________________
vi. Where is the toilet?
__________________________________________________________________
vii. Who is that person over there?
__________________________________________________________________
viii. What time is it now?
_____________________________________________________________________

Homework
Go to your host families and ask 5 questions using the interreogatives you learned today.
Write down the questiones and answers to be used in your next Bislama class.

69
COMPREHENSION 5

STON BLONG SAN

Long vilej blong Pagahu, ples i kolkol tumas from i stap long
bus. Long evri moning ol man i stap lukaotem san.
Sapos oli faenem ples we san i saen tru oli sidaon long em. Kolkol = Cold
Wan moning tufala smol smol gel i girap i sidaon mo wet long Moning = Morning
san i kam antap. Tufala i lukluk i luk san i saen antap finis long Lukaotem = Look for
ol top blong ol tri long. Faenem = To Find
San = Sun
Tufala i stap singsing, singaot san blong i kam: Saen = Shine
"Nalasine torotoro, metane'le Pagaru G'ri, Nalasine G'ri Sidaon = Sit down
Nalasine G'ri." Tufala I stap singaot san olsem, wan tabu man Antap = ontop
blong lukaot long ston blong san, i harem nao i go bonem ston Lukluk = To see
blong san. Singsing = Singing
Bonem = To Burn
Afta i talem long ston se,"San, bae yu bonem gud tufala ia i Ston = Stone
drae.
San i girap i kam hot - i hot tumas. Tufala gel ia i girap i go
insaed long haos. Tufala i stap gud, be long medel de san i Drae = Dry
bonem haos blong tufala. Tufala i ron i go haed andanit long Girap = Get up
wan bigfala nambanga tri be san i bonem nambaga ia gogo i Hot = Hot
drae. Tufala i go stret long wan riva we i gat wan bigfala raon Gel = Girl
ston blong mun. Insaed = Inside
Medel = Middle
Tufala i go foldaon long reva ia mo tufala i daeva i go andanit Haed = Hide
long bigfala mun ston ia. Taem tufala i stap ia, hit blong san i Andanit = Under
nomo strong from mun i stat blong girap nao. San i folem riva Mun = Moon
mo i go draon long solwora, mun i girap i talem long tufala gel Hit = Heat
ia i se,"Yutufala mas go kwik long haos." Riva = River
Bae yutufala i go slip wetem faea. Tufala gel ia i go hom long Draon = Drown
vilej, mo mekem faea mo silip wetem.
Long naet taem oli silip, mun i girap i kam i laet tru long haos Slip = Sleep
blong man we i putum ston blong san- Mun i kam tru insaed Hom = Home
long haos blong em. Vilej = Village
I mekem man ia i kolkol nogud i no save wanem blong i Naet = Night
mekem. Faea i no save laet. Ston we emi bonem i kolkol gud. Faea = Fire
Laet = light
Emi kolkol tumas mo sem taem i fraet blong lukluk mun insaed
Fraet = Afraid
long haos blong em, mo emi ded long nekis moning. Ol gel oli Ded = Dead
girap oli singaot san bakegen be i nomo kam strong. Singaotem = To call
Tedei oli stap yusum yet singsing ia blong singaotem san taem
oli kolkol tumas.

70
 Unit 12: VERBS AND VERB ENDINGS
In Bislama the main verb endings are -IM, -UM and -EM. You will recognize quite a few
Bislama verbs that use these endings.
12.1 Examples of Verb Endings

IM UM EM

Bislama English Bislama English Bislama English

Digim To dig Kukum To cook Raetem To write
Switim To sweeten Putum To put Wantem To want
Livim To leave Rusum To roast Berem To bury
Givim To give Pulum To pull Stonem To stone
Ridim To read Sutum To shoot Katem To cut

General Rules for Verb Endings:

• When a verb has an I as the second or third letter, then it is most likely that it will
have an IM ending.
• When a verb has U as the second or third letter, then it is most likely that it will have
UM ending.
• When a verb has an A, E or O as the second or third letter in a word, then it is most
likely that it will have an EM ending.

12.2 Examples of Verb Ending Usage

• Mi digim sam yam long karen yestedei.
I dug up some yam at the garden yesterday.

• Mi switim ti blong mi wetem suga.

I’ve sweeten my tea with sugar.

• Bae mi kukum wan sospen raes.

I will cook a pot of rice.

• Man ia i sutum wan bigfala pig long karen blong hem.

That man shot a large pig at his garden.

• Mi wantem kakae taro.

I want to eat taro.

• Yu katem han blong yu wetem jenso.

You cut your hand with chainsaw.

71
EXERCISES #12
A. Using IM, EM and UM give the following verbs their appropriate verb endings.
i. Hol _____ (To hold)
ii. Kil______ (To hit)
iii. Kas _____ (To catch)
iv. Fid _____ (To feed)
v. Huk _____ (To hook)
vi. Pul _____ (To pull)
vii. Put _____ (To put)
viii. Nil______ (To nail)
ix. Rus _____ (To roast)
x. Tek _____ (To take)
B. Use the following verbs (one time each) to translate the sentences below into Bislama.
mekem stilim wantem kilim kukum putum ronem digim hukum pusum
1. Judy makes a big meal.

2. The dog chases the children.

3. Solo caught a bonito.

4. He hit me.

5. They pushed the truck.

6. Sarah puts the basket on the table.

7. I am cooking the rice.

8. I want this book.

9. That boy stole some money.

10. Paul digs a big hole.

72
C. Connect the following verb beginnings with their correct endings.

VERBS ENDINGS

Muv im
Kas um
Jus em

Faen um
Nil em
Rus im

Klos um
Kis em
Wip em

73
DIALOG 6

74
 LONG WO DURING THE WAR
Long 1942 olgeta man Amerika oli kam long In 1942 the Americans came to Vanuatu to
Vanuatu blong faetem ol man Japan we oli fight the Japanese who wanted to chase out
bin wantem ronem yumi evriwan long saed all of us here in the South Pacific. Pita is
ia long Saot Pasifik. Pita emi stap storian yarning with his grandfather, and the two
wetem bubu blong em, mo tufala i storian of them are talking about that time, forty
long taem ia, taem we foti yia i pas finis. years ago.
Pita: Olsem wanem, bubu, long taem blong Pita: What was it like, Grandad, the time of
bigfala faet blong Wol WoTu? that big fight that they call World War
Billy: Taem ia emi gud tumas.Oli kam Two?
askem mifala blong mifala i givhan long ol Billy: That was a very good time. They
man Amerika. came and asked us to help the Americans.
Pita: Wanem wok blong yufala ol man Pita: What work did you ni-Vanuatu do?
Vanuatu? Billy: In Efate we joined with them to build
Billy: Long Efate mifala i bin joen wetem the road that goes round to the other side of
olgeta blong mekem rod i go raon long aelan the island.
ia kasem narasaed. Pita: They say you worked in Santo too. Is
Pita: Oli talem se yufala i bin wok long that right?
Santo tu. I tru? Billy: That's right. Some of us worked in
Billy: Em ia nao. Mifala samfala i bin stap Santo too, making several air-strips and
wok long Santo tu, blong mekem plante eafil plenty of other things.
mo plante narafala samting. Pita: How many men were there then?
Pita: Taem ia i gat hamas man? Billy: Oh, Pita, 1 don't know very
Billy: Oh, Pita, mi no save gud. Ating maet well. I think there may have "been 500,000
i gat klosap faef handred taosen man i kam men who came to Vanuatu to fight the
long Vanuatu blong faetem olgeta blong Japanese.
Japan.
Pita: How was it? Were there only
Pita: Olsem wanem? I gat man Amerika Americans who came to help us?
nomo i bin kam helpem yufala?
Billy: No. Some Australians and New
Billy: No. I gat samfala man Ostrelia mo Zealanders were here too.
samfala man Niu Silan oli bin stap tu.
Pita: Were there many ships and planes in
Pita: Olsem wanem, i gat plante sip mo plen Vanuatu during the war?
i stap long Vanuatu long wo?
Billy: Gosh, Pita, there were many planes.
Billy: Kas, Pita, i gat plante plen long taem As for airstrips, on Efate there were three,
ia. Long faed blong eafil, long Efate i gat while on Santo, they say, there were five.
tri, mo long Santo oli talem se i gat faef.
Pita: I'm very surprised. But I thought
Pita: Mi sapraes tumas. Be ating ol man theJapanese didn't come to Vanuatu during
Japan oli no bin kam long Vanuatu long wo the war.
Billy: Tru ia. Samfala nomo oli bin sakem Billy: That's true. There were just some
bom, mo oli bin kilim wan buluk long taon bombing raids; which only killed a cow in
blong Santo. Santo town.
Pita: I gud olsem. Pita: That’s good.
Billy: Yes, olgeta man Japan oli stat Billy: Yeah, the Japanese began to come to
kamdaon long Vanuatu, be ol man Amerika Vanuatu, but the Americans stopped them
oli bin blokem rod blong olgeta long in the Solomons. They couldn't come to
Solomon nomo. Oli no save kam spoelem destroy our lives.
laef blong yumi. Pita: Thank you very much, Grandad. We
Pita: Tenkiu tumas bubu. Mifala ol young people don't know much about this.
yangfala i no save tumas long ol storian ia, story because we weren't born yet.
from we mifala i no bon yet.
VOCABULARY

75
BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH
Blokem Prevent, block Bom Bomb
Delaet Daylight Disemba December
Dina Midday meal Doa Door
Dota Daughter Draevem Drive
Draon Sink, drown Eafil Airfield
Eli Early En End
Eprel April Evriwan Everyone
Fasin Way/manner/style Februari February
Fiuja Future Fraede Friday
Helpem Help Jenuwari January

76
 Unit 13: ADDITIONAL VERBS
13.1 Verbs Not Using Common Endings

Some Bislama verbs do not end with -EM, -IM or –UM. For example -

Bislama English Bislama English

Swim To swim/ to bath Gat To have

Toktok To talk Sitdaon To sit (down)

Dring To drink Lukaot To watch/look out

Lego To let go Kakae To eat

Krae To cry Pleiplei To play

Save To know Flae To fly

Stanap To stand (up) Draev To drive

13.2 Example Sentences

Bislama English
Hem i go swim long solwota. He/she is swimming/bathing in the sea.

Sipos yu no kam mbae mi krae. If you don’t come I will cry.

Mi wantem dring wan kokakola. I want to drink a Coca Cola.

Mifala i stap stanap long wan tebol. We are standing on a table.

Yumi stap sitdaon long kras. You and I are sitting on the grass.

Olgeta i kakae fis long las naet. They ate fish last night.

John i stap toktok long Pita. John is speaking/talking to Peter.

Julie i talem se yu no mas fraet. Julie said, don’t be afraid.

Yu no mas lego stia blong trak taem yu Don’t let go of the truck’s steering when
draef. you are driving.

Mi save man ia long wei. I know that man over there.

Mi gat wan trak olsem. I have a truck like this/that.

77
 Lukaot long drae kokonas taem yu Watch out for dry (mature) coconuts when
wokabaot. you are walking.

EXERCISES #13
A. What are the English meanings of the following Bislama verbs?

i. Stanap ___________________________
ii. Ron ___________________________
iii. Singsing ___________________________
iv. Kakae ___________________________
v. Krae ___________________________
vi. Foldaon ___________________________
vii. Klaem ___________________________
viii. Danis ___________________________
ix. Flae ___________________________
x. Pleiplei ___________________________

B. Match the following Bislama sentences to their correct English equivalent.

i.Olgeta pikinini i kakae fis long Tusde. I don’t know this/that man.

ii.Em i dring Kava oltaem. They don’t have pencils.

iii.Praem Minista i lego Vila long las All the children ate fish last week
wik.
He drinks kava regularly.
iv.Mi no luk yu long jioj.
The Prime Minister left Vila last week.
v.Mi no save man ia.
I didn’t see you at church.
vi.Olgeta oli no gat pensel.

C. Write the verb from each of the sentences in “B” above on the lines below.
i. __________________________________
ii. __________________________________
iii. __________________________________
iv. __________________________________
v. __________________________________
vi. __________________________________

78
D. Translate the following sentences into bislama.

i. Mark drove to Vila last night.

____________________________________________________________________

ii. My brother cries every day.

____________________________________________________________________

iii. She’s smart.

____________________________________________________________________

iv. The children like to play at the school.

____________________________________________________________________

v. They drink kava every night.

____________________________________________________________________

vi. What movie did you two watched last night?

____________________________________________________________________

79
COMPREHENSION 6
Read the following story and answer the following questions in English:

WOMAN BLONG BIGFALA STON

Long bigfala ston ia Nebagahu i gat wan man mo woman blong Foldaon = Fall
em, Nitivenpet. Woman ia i livim man blong em mo i go lukaotem Flas = Flash(y)
Nempet. (Nempet emi wan rop we oli kakae rus blong em olsem Tedei = Today
chewing-gum). Sugabag = Bee
Mekem = To do
Taem emi lukaot i kam long Lowoitembtemb, hemi faenem sam Noes = Noice
faol we oli waet be oli no fraet. Emi kirap i holem wan mo i karem Flawa = Flower
i go bak blong tufala i kakae. Tri = Tree/Three
Long nara dei emi go lukaot nempet bakegen mo i kam long Aotsaed = Outside
Lowoitembtemb. Emi faenem ol faol ia bakegen emi holem wan
mo emi karem i go bak bakegen tufala i kakae. Nakamal = Meeting area
Talem se = To say
Man we i stap fidim ol faol, i singaot ol faol blong em, be emi Longwei = Far
faenem se tu i lus finis. Nara dei woman ia i go bakegen, man Spoelem = To spoil
blong em i talem se, “woman, yu stap wokabaot be yu no wokabaot Wael = Wild
i go longwei tumas. Lukaot yu stilim faol blong wan man.” Digim = To dig
Emi se, “Wanem ia yu talem, mi stap ia nomo. Emia ol wael faol Holem = To hold
nomo ia". Kilim = To kill/hit
Olfala = Old
Emi go digim nempet nao i kasem Lowoitembtemb i faenem ol Livim = To leave
faol ia bakegen, emi holem wan bakegen mo tekem i go bak. Man Rus = Roots
blong em i se, "woman, yu kam wea?" Emi se, "Yu no toktok." Lukaot = To look for
Emi kilim faol mo tufala kakae. Faenem = To find
Long nara dei emi go bakegen, man ia i haed finis mo i wajem ol Faol = Chicken
faol blong em. Taem emi lukluk gogo emi luk Nembagahu. Fraet = Afraid
Kakae = To eat
Woman ia i go nao i kilim faol ia mo man blong em i se, “woman, Fidim = Feeding
yu stap tekem ol faol ia wea?” Woman blong em i se,"Ol wael faol Singaot = To call
nomo ia.” Emi katem mo i mekem laplap blong em. Taem emi Lus = Loose/ Lost
putum long hol finis bigfala ren mo win i blo, mo san i saen.
Man ia i girap long Lowoitembtemb mo i sutum aro blong em i Tekem = To take
foldaon long Lorhbunwoi mo i singsing: "Nitivenpet e kivedor Wea = Where
mene - ran bagaru, ran bagaru." Katem = To cut
Bigfala = Big
Taem emi singsing, hed blong faol ia i singaot long laplap long hol, Girap = To get up
"Ko ko wa Ku." Man ia i harem i talem se,“woman, yu harem Sutum = To shoot
wanem ia.” Emi se, "Yu no luk ol faol, oli singaot long ol wud Ara = Arrow
blong faenem ples blong slip blong olgeta." Singsing = To sing
Man ia i tekem aro blong em mo i sutum i go foldaon long Labo. Wud = Wood
Mo emi singsing, "Nitivenpet e kivedor mene - ran bagaru, ran Slip = Sleep
bagaru."

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Faol i singaot: “Ko Ko wa Ku”. Taem emi Sut bakegen i foldaon long e..................
Olfala man ia i se, "Olfala, oltaem yu stap flas. Tedei, mbae yu save -- yu harem wanem ia?"
Emi se, “Wanem ia?” Emia ol sugabag nomo, oli mekem nois long flawa blong tri aotsaed."
Olfala man i se, "Yu stap ia mi go long Nakamal nao." Emi go long Nakamal, woman ia
nomo i stap.
Man ia i sut bakegen aro i foldaon long bigfala ston ia, win i blo, i ren smol mo san i saen.
Man ia emi singaot bakegen afta faol i singaot.
Olfala woman i harem i fraet tumas emi seksek, emi stap silip klosap long faea. Man ia i sut
bakegen. Aro i foldaon long doa. Faol i singaot. Man ia i kam tru mo i singaot pupu yu
stap. Emi se, “No, gran san mi sik tumas. Bambae yu no save kam ensaed.” Man ia i se,
“Mi stap harem se yu sik, mo mi stap kam blong visitem yu.”
Olfala woman i singaot se, "Mi sik, mi sik, tumas." Man ia i se,"Yu sik tumas, be wanem ia i
stap singaot, long hol ia." Emi se, "Gran san mi mi sik, pupu blong yu ia i go karem faol ia
sam ples i kam." Man ia i girap i go insaed, mo i kilim woman ia. Emi singaot se,”Wei
Kaderis Hunke Kaeri Sunke.”
Emi girap i go from olfala man long nakamel. Taem emi go olfala man i mekem sem
samting we olfala woman i talem.
Man ia i girap i go insaed, i kilim em tu.
Emi pikimap ol bun blong ol faol blong em mo karem i go bak long Lowoitembtemb. Emia i
mekem se ol faol i tabu long Lowoi temb temb tedei.

Ston = Stone
Win = Wind/win
Blu = To blow
Ren = Rain
San = Sun
Saen = Shine
Seksek = Shake
Sik = Sick
Gransan = Grandson
Pupu = Grandfather

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Comprehension questions:

1. From wanem ol faol ia oli no fraet?

2. Wanem i mekem faol i singaot long hol long laplap?

3. Sipos woman i harem toktok blong man

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 Unit 14: CONNECTIVE WORDS
The most frequently used Bislama connective words are:
14.1 Common Connective Words

Bislama English

Be But

Mo And

No/o Or

Nao Now/so/and/therefore/then

Se So that/whether/that

We Which/that

Wetem With

Afta After/and/then/afterwards/later

Tu Also/too

Ale Alright

14.2 Other Connective Words

Bislama English Bislama English

Afta nao After that/then/before From Because

Sipos If From se Because of

Sipos no If not/otherwise/or else From we Because of

Finis Then/after that Taem we When

Bihaen Later, afterwards Taem se When

Semtaem At the same time/while Ko kasem Up to/until

Taswe That’s why;so;therefore;thus Olsem Like this/that;for instance;like

I mekem se So/therefore

83
14.2 Examples of Usage of Connective Words

Beverly i no kam yestedei from se hem i go long jioj.

Beverly did not come yesterday because she went to church.

Nixon i go long taon afta nao hemi tes kam long wok.
Nixon went to town then came to work.

Patrick i ron ko kasem Fres Wota; afta i stap.

Patrick ran until he arrived at Fresh Water then stopped.

Mi harem se yu sik taswei mi kam.

I heard that you were sick that’s why I came.

EXERCISES #14
A. Choose connective word(s) that best complete the following sentences.

i. Roger i talem long polis _______ olsem wanem trak blong Pis Kop i kasem aksiden.
a. afta
b. tu
c. se
d. ale

i. Mama blong mi i tekem brata blong mi i go long klinik __________hemi kasem Malaria.
a. from se
b. taswe
c. nao
d. bihaen

iii. ___________ i no gat ren tedei, bae yu go long karen __________ papa blong mi.
a. Bae, sapos
b. Be, wetem
c. Afta, mo
d. Sapos, wetem

i. Yu kam long sip _____________ long plen?

a. wetem
b. from
c. o
d. nao

i. Bislama emi nasonal lanwis blong Vanuatu; ___________ yumi lanem Bislama.
a. ale
b. taswe
c. be
d. from

84
85
A. Connect these Bislama words to their English translations.

BISLAMA ENGLISH
O But
From se (we) When
Sapos Because of
Wetem If
Afta Also/ Too

Mo Or
Taem se (we) With
Be Which/ That
Tu And
Sapos Then/ Afterwards

Homework:
With a partner create a dialog using the words you learned today to be presented to the class
tomorrow.

86
DIALOG 7
LONG POST OFIS AT THE POST OFFICE
Postofis i stap long medel blong Port Vila, The Post Office is in the middle of Port Vila,
klosap long of is blong Air Vanuatu. Plante man near the Air Vanuatu office. Many people come
i kam long ples ia evri dei from we, sipos man i there every day because if you receive mail you
wantem kasem leta, emi mas kam luk long bokis must come and lget it from one of mail boxes at
blong leta long post ofis nomo. Jems emi kam the post office. James comes to buy stamps for
blong pem stam blong leta blong sendem leta i the letter he is sending to Australia. There he
go long Ostrelia. Hemi faenem fren blong em, finds his friend, Paul.
Pol. Paul: How are things, James, all right?
Pol: Olsem wanem, Jems, I gud? James: All right thanks, Paul. Where are you
Jemes: I gud nomo, Pol. Yu go wea? going?
Pol: Mi kam blong lukaot leta blong angkel. Paul: I've come to pick up a letter from my
Emi raetem nius blong vilej blong mi long uncle. He has sent news of my village in Lamap.
Lamap. James: I've just come to buy stamps. I wrote a
Jems: Mi kam blong pem stam nomo. Mi letter to my brother-in-law; now I'm writing him
raetem wan leta finis i go long tawian blong mi; another one.
naoia mi raetem wan moa bakegen. Paul: Is he still on Ambae?
Pol: Emi stap yet long Ambae? James: That's right. He's making copra. He
Jemes: Emia nao. Emi stap wokem kopra. Emi can't be in Vila like us just doing nothing.
no save wokbaot long Vila olsem yumi. Paul: James, I didn't see you at the Cathedral
Pol: Jems, mi no luk yu long lafet long katedral celebration last Sunday. It was really good. The
long las Sande. Emi gud tumas. Tim blong Lamap team won the dancing competition.
Lamap i bin winim kompetisin blong danis. James: Yes, I didn't come to the feast as my
Jemes: Yes, mi no kam long lafet ia from we wife wasn’t feeling well. She's about to have a
woman blong mi emi harem nogud. Klosap baby.
taem blong emi bonem pikinini. Paul: Yes, I already know that she is pregnant.
Pol:Yes, mi save finis we emi gat bel. James: All right, friend, I'm going back to
Jemes: Oraet fren, mi go bak nao long Tagabe. Tagabe. I want to try to find something at B.P.
Mi wantem traem faenem wan samting long B.P. Tebakor.
long Tebakor. Paul: What thing?
Pol: Wanem samting? James: I want to check out the price of a
Jemes: Mi wantem luk praes blong wan jenso chainsaw to take to Ambae when I take vacation.
blong tekem i go long Ambae taem mi spel. Paul: Gosh! That's a good tool for cutting heavy
Pol: Kas! Emi wan gudfala samting blong katem timber, but the price is too expensive.
ol bigfala wud, be praes i sas tumas. James: Yes, but the Nduindui co-operative
Jemes: Tru ia, be kopretiv blong Nduindui emi needs one to rent out.
wantem wan blong rentem nomo. Paul: All right, James. I think my boss is
Pol: Oraet, Jemes, ating bos blong mi i stap wet waiting for me at the office. If I don't hurry up
long mi long ofis. Sipos mi no hariap blong go and go back he'll be really cross.
bak, bae emi kros we i kros. James: Very pleased to talk to you.
Jemes: Mi glad tumas long storian blong yumi.

87
 Unit 15: MONTHS, WEEKS, DAYS AND AGES
English names do not change when translated to Bislama. Likewise, names of Months,
Weeks, Days and Ages remain largely unchanged with the exception of their spelling.
15.1 Months

English Bislama
January Januari
February Februari
March Maj
April Eprel
May Mei
June Jun
July Julae
August Okis
September Septemba
October Oktoba
November Novemba
December Disemba

15.2 Relative Time

English Bislama
Last week Las wik
Next week Nekis wik
After next week Afta nekis wik
Tomorrow Tumoro
Today Tedei
Afternoon Aftenun
Last month Las manis
Morning Moning
Last year Las yia
Last Monday Las mandei

88
15.3 Days

English Bislama
Monday Mande
Tuesday Tusde
Wednesday Wenesde
Thursday Tosde
Friday Fraede
Saturday Sarede
Sunday Sande

15.4 Questions Relating to Date and Age

Bislama English
Yu bon long wanem yea? What year were you born?
Yu gat hamas yia? How old are you?
Yu bon long wanem manis? What month were you born?
Thu Yu bon long wanem manis? What day and time were you born?
Friday Fraede
Saturday Sarede
Sunday Sande

15.5 Dialog Relating to Date and Age

A: Yu bon long wanem yia? B: Mi bin bon long wan fraedei, long tu o’klok
What year were you born? long moning.
I was born on a Friday at two in the morning.
B: Mi bon long 1976.
I was born in 1976. A: Tank yu tumas blong strian wetem mi.
Thank you very much for chatting with me.
A: Yu bin bon long wanem manis?
What month were you born? B: I oraet nomo, ale.
It was good, bye!
B: Mi bin bon long manis blong Okis.
I was born on the month of August. A: Ale, ta ta.
Good-bye
A: Yu bin bon long wanem dei mo taem stret?
What exact day and time were you born?

89
EXERCISES #15
A. Answer the following questions in Bislama (regarding yourself)

i. Yu bon long wanem yia?

__________________________________________

ii. Yu bin bon long wanem manis?

__________________________________________

iii. Yu bin bon long wanem dei mo taem stret?

__________________________________________

iv. Sista blong yu I bon long wanem yia?

__________________________________________

v. Brata blong yu I bon long wanem manis?

____________________________________________

B. Find the Bislama names of the months and days in the following grid. The words in the grid are -

MONTHS DAYS
Januari Mande
Februari Tusde
Maj Wenesde
Eprel Tosde
Mei Fraede
Jun Sarede
Julae Sande
Okis
Septemba
Disemba

J A M I G V E X D N
I A T R Z A F Q I C
E I N A L M C W S T
D E O U M E I N E O
N D J R A P O U M S
A N T B P R K J B D
S A R E D E I C A E
W M Q F S L S Z U D
X F R A E D E I T S
A B M E T P E S R U
W E N E S D E I Y T

90
COMPREHENSION 7
Read the following story and answer the following questions in Bislama:

NELARASEMPE GIAAU RANBAGE

(NEM BLONG OL MAN I DANIS LONG NABAGA)
I gat wan olfala woman emi wantem mekem lafet be i no gat mit blong
em. I gat sam man oli mekem kakae blong faev dei. Everi dei oli sanem
wan wan man i go from solwota. Ol famli ia nem blong olgeta emi
Nelarosempe.
Olfala woman ia i save se kakae blong olgeta i stat nao, emi digim popile Olfala = Old
mo i greitem long ol han blong nambanga mo i digim hol ananit long Lafet = Feast
nambanga. Taem wan man i kam emi blokem rod mo singaot "Yu kam Kakae = food
kakae laplap." Taem man ia i kam emi askem em blong i danis bifo i Faev = Five
kakae laplap from emi wantem luk. Taem man ia i go antap long han Sanem = to send
blong Nambanga olfala i singsing, Solwota = Sea
"Nelarasempe giaau Ranbage i o'Nelarasempe giaau Ranbage, Famali = Family
Nelarasempe giaau Ranbage." Nem = Name
Save = Knows
Man ia i danis long han blong nambaga ia i glis long popile mo i foldaon
Digim = to dig
i go insaed long hol.
Ol famli oli wet go go emi nomo kambak. Oli girap oli kakae finis oli Salem = to sell
silip. Hol = Hole
Nara dei oli sanem nara wan i go be sem samting i happen long em. Antanit = Under
Woman ia i winim fo man finis i stap long hol, emi glad blong mekem Blokem = Blocked
lafet nao. Rod = Road
Long las dei wan las brata i askem blong go long solwora. Emi karem Askem = to ask
bambu blong solwora mo banana blong em. Taem emi go, woman ia i Wet = Wait
blokem em, emi se,"Yu kam kakae laplap.” Man ia i se, "No gat mi mi Slip = to sleep
no hangri." Emi se "Yu kam, mi stap mekem gudfala kakae blong yu Nara dei = Another Day
nomo from mi save se bambae yu kam tedei.” Winim = to win
Glad = Glad
Man ia i folem em. Tufala i go mo woman ia i se, "Yu danis smol afta
bambae yu jas kakae." Las = Last
Woman ia i singsing blong man ia i danis. Emi sing sing be man ia i Brata = Brother
danis i stap jamjam nomo long ol han blong nambaga ia. Bambu = Bamboo
Man ia i folem em. Tufala i go nao woman ia i se, "Yu danis smol afta Banara = Bow & arrow
bambae yu jas kakae." Hangri = Hungry
Woman ia i singsing blong man ia i danis. Emi sing sing be man ia i Gudfala = Very Nice
danis i stap jamjam nomo long ol han blong nambaga ia.
Folem = to follow
Man ia i girap i singsing mo danis tu. Emi singsing se, Tufala = two of them
“Nelarandes e sisigo - ran base. Nelarandes e sisigo - ran base. Danis = Dance
Nelarandes e sisigo - ran base.” Kakae = to eat
Woman ia i singsing mo man ia sing sing. Man ia i danis gogo i girap i Jamjam = Jumpping
jam daon be i mestem hol ia nomo. Han = Hand
Taem woman ia i reses i kam blong pusum em long hol ia, man ia emi
girap nao i kilim woman ia. I 1uk1uk i faenem ol brata blong em nao i
tekem olgeta i go bak bakegen long haos.
Comprehension questions:
Singsing blong tufala ol pipol oli usum tedei blong danis mo p1eiplei.
1. From wanem woman ia i giaman long ol man?
2. Wanem i mekem las man i save trik blong woman ia?

91
 Unit 16: STAP

In Bislama, stap is used as -

(1) A verb:
Stap can mean ‘to be at, 'to stay', ‘to stay at’and 'to live'.
(2) A marker denoting ongoing/continuous action:
When stap is used in this way in sentences, an action is currently taking place or
ongoing.

16.1 Stap as a Verb

Bislama English

Kaekae i stap long tebol. The food is on the table.

Pita i stap long Malekula. Peter is in Malekula.

Pita i stap stap long Malekula. Peter lives on Malekula.

Yu bin stap wea? Where were you?/Where have you been?

Anna i stap wetem mi. Anna stays with me.

Anna i stap stap wetem mi. Anna lives with me.

Patrick i stap wea? Where is Patrick?

Patrick i stap stap wetem Lance. Patrick lives with Lance.

Yu go bae mi stap. You go, I'll stay.

Note: When ‘stap stap’ is used, the sentence means ‘to live’.

16.2 Stap as a Marker Indicating Continuous Action

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 Bislama English
Yu stap kiaman. You are lying.

Yu stap kiaman oltaem. You are lying all the time.

Mi stap kakae. I am eating.

Olgeta i stap long wan miting. They’re in a meeting.

Mifala i stap go long church. We are going to church.

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EXERCISES #16
A. Describe the two different uses of the word stap.

i. _______________________________________________________________

ii. _______________________________________________________________

B. Translate these Bislama sentences into English.

i. Mi stap raetem wan leta blong mama blong mi.

____________________________________________________________________

ii. Kakae blong yu i stap long tebol.

____________________________________________________________________

iii. Em i stap kuk.

____________________________________________________________________

iv. Mi stap long Amerika. Haus blong mi i stap long siti blong Chicago.
____________________________________________________________________

v. Basket blong yu i stap long Eapot.

____________________________________________________________________

C. Write three sentences, each sentence using a different meaning of stap?

i. _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

iii. _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

94
 WOKBAOT LONG VANUATU TRAVEL IN VANUATU

Long Vanuatu i gat klosap wan handred In Vanuatu there are nearly a hundred
aelan. Olgeta turis oli save wokbaot long islands. Tourists may travel around the
kantri ia, be i gat hotel long trifala aelan country, but there are hotels on only three
nomo, long Efate, long Tanna, mo long islands, Efate, Tanna and Santo. In Santo
Santo. Long Santo i gat samfala sanbij we there are some very good beaches.
oli gud tumas. Be long aelan ia i no gat However, on that island there are not many
tumas turis from we Santo emi stap longwei tourists since Santo is some distance form
lelebet long Vila. Misis Jones emi kambak Vila. Mrs Jones has come back from Santo.
long Santo. Emi storian wetem haos gel She is talking to her housegirl.
blong em.
Mrs J: Mifala i laekem Santo tumas, from Mrs J: We liked Santo very much, because
we i no gat tumas man i wokbaot long taon. there weren't too many people in the town.
Evelin: Oli talem se i gat plante man bus Evelin: They say there are plenty of bush
long Santo. Oli putum kaliko nomo. men in Santo. They just wear a loincloth.
Mrs J: Mi luk tufala nomo long Kanal Mrs J: I saw only two in Santo town
(Luganville) we oli putum kaliko. wearing just a loin-cloth.
Evelin: Yufala i stap long Kanal nomo? Evelin: Did you just stay in the town?
Mrs J: Mifala i rentem wan trak blong Mrs J: We rented a car to drive about
wokbaot raon. Mifala i wokbaot go kasem around.We travelled as far as Hog Harbour
Hog Harbour long is Santo. in east Santo.
Evelin: Ples ia emi olsem wanem? Evelin: What's that place like?
Mrs J: Emi gud tumas. Sanbij blong ples ia Mrs J: Very nice. The beach there is as
emi waet we i waet. Mifala i neva luk wan white as can be. We'd never seen a beach
sanbij olsem bifo. like it before.
Evelin: Oli talem se rod i go kasem Pot Lori. Evelin: They say the road goes as far as Port
Mrs J: Emia true, Evelin. Ol man Amerika Olry.
oli bin wokem rod ia long wo. Mrs J: It’s true, Evelin. The Americans
Evelin: Ating oli mekem wan niufala rod made the road during the War.
finis, i go long Big Bay. Evelin: I think they've already made a new
Mrs J: Tru ia, be mifala i no go long em. road to Big Bay.
Afta, long is Santo, mifala i go long Saot Mrs J: That's right, but we went on to South
Santo. Santo after East Santo.
Evelin: Yufala i go wea long saed ia long Evelin: Whereabouts did you go in the
saot? South?

DIALOG 8

95
Mrs J: Mifala i draev long rod go kasem Mrs J: We drove on the road to Tangoa.
Tangoa. Mifala i go luk Baebol Kolej long We saw the Bible College on the small
smol aelan. Oli statem skul ia wan handred island. The school there was started over a
yia i pas finis. hundred
years ago.
Evelin: Yes, samfala pasta blong mifala
Evelin: Yes, some of our own pastors from
long Paama oli go long skul long Tangoa.
Paama did their studies on Tangoa.
Mrs J: Mifala i glad tumas long trip ia. Mrs J: We were very pleased with this trip.
Maet yu save kam samtaem. Maybe you can come sometime.
Evelin: Yes, mi laekem, be ating mane Evelin: Yes, I would like to, but I don't think
blong mi i no inaf blong pem rod blong mi. I've enough money to travel.
Mrs J: Sapos yu stap yet long nekis yia, Mrs J: If you're still here next year, I'll try
bambae mi traem askem man blong mi and ask my husband to pay for everyone in
blong emi pem rod blong yumi evriwan long the house.
haos.

96
 Unit 17: OLSEM
Olsem occurs very frequently in spoken and written Bislama and is similar to “like” in
English. It has a wide range of related meanings and uses which include the following:

17.1 “Like” or “Such as”

i. Hem i silip olsem faol nomo. He sleeps just like a chicken.
ii. Hem i wokbaot olsem krab nomo. He walks just like a crab.
iii. Hem i danis olsem Michael Jackson nomo. He dances just like Michael Jackson.

17.2 “To be as if”

When olsem occurs filling the verb slot in the sentence it can be translated “to be as if.”
i. Hem i olsem i kakae 10 kilo raes. It was as if he ate 10 kilos of rice.
ii. Hem i olsem i dring 10 sel kava. It was as if he drank 10 shells of kava.
iii. Hem i olsem i danis delaet. It was as if he danced till daylight.

17.3 “Just as” or “As”

When olsem occurs as a connecting clauses it can be translated “just as” or “as.”
i. Olsem mi talem finis, yu no save kakae fis ia.
Just as/Just like I’ve said, you cannot eat this fish.
ii. Mi kambak olsem papa i bin talem.
I came back as dad said.
In this type of usage, olsem is often followed by we and can be expanded to stret olsem
we which is then translated “exactly as.”
i. Mi wokem olsem we yu askem. I did it as you asked.
ii. Mi wokem stret olsem we yu askem I did exactly as you asked.
iii. Mi mekem olsem we yu talem. I did as you said.

17.4 “Like this” or “Like that”

Olsem translates “like this” or “like that” when used adverbially in a short sentence.
i. Joyce i toktok olsem. Joyce spoke like this.
ii. Hem i mekem olsem. He/She did it like this.
In this type of usage, olsem is often followed by nomo for emphasis and is translated
“just like that.”
i. Hem i foldaon olsem nomo. He fell down just like that.
ii. Rebecca i singaot olsem nomo. Rebecca screamed just like that.

97
17.5 “Like that” or “Like the one previously”
When Olsem is used as a noun modifier it means ‘“like that,” “like the one previously
referred to” or “the same as the one previously referred to.”
i. Wan trak olsem. A car like that.
ii. Wan man olsem. A man like that.
iii. Wan haos olsem haos ia. A house like this/that one.
iv. Mi wantem wan olsem. I want one like this.

17.6 “For example”

i. Yu save kasem wan fis, olsem wan bonito.
You can catch a fish, for example a Tuna.
ii. Olsem, yu save pem wan long sto.
For example, you can buy one at the store.

17.7 Olsem Wanem Meaning “How”

Perhaps the most frequently encountered use of olsem is in the interrogative form “Olsem
wanem” meaning ‘How’.
i. Olsem wanem long yu? How are you?
ii. Yu kam olsem wanem? How did you get here?
iii. Yu filim/harem olsem wanem? How do you feel?

98
EXERCISES #17
A. Write the meaning of olsem in each of the following sentences

i. Yu danis olsem wanem?_________________________________________________________

ii. Mi gat wan trak olsem.__________________________________________________________

iii. Mi bin raetem olsem we yu bin talem.______________________________________________

iv. Mi filim olsem bae mi sik._______________________________________________________

v. Olsem wanem long yu tedei?_____________________________________________________

vi. Yu katem olsem, afta yu kukum olsem._____________________________________________

vii. Yufala I singsing olsem ol enjel

nomo.______________________________________________

viii. Tingting blong mi i semak olsem tingting blong yu.___________________________________

ix. Yu mekem samting ia olsem

wanem?_______________________________________________

x. Papa blong mi I gat wan bot olsem.________________________________________________

99
COMPREHENSION 8
Read the following story and answer the following questions in English:

DEVEL I KAREM W AN MAN WE I LAEF

Long windange i gat tu man i stap silip long naet long wan
smol tapernakel, Wan i silip mo i toktok long silip blong em.
Naet = Night
Ol devel oli wokbaot long rod long naet, oli harem, wan i Smol = Small
askem se, "Wehem man ia we i stap mekem toktok olsem Tumas = Too much
ia?" Harem = To hear
Devel ia i askem bakegen i se, "Hu ia, fen blong man we i Askem = To Ask
toktok?."
I harem nao i se, "long ples ia," ol devel i se, "we ia, we ia."
Sek = Socked
Man ia i girap i ron wei long fren blong em. Ol devel i kam, Lif = Leaves
wan i se blong em. Tu i winim ol narafala. Man ia i silip Sora = Ear
long han blong pamtri. Tufala devel ia i go mo wan i stanap Saksakem = Shake
stret long hed wan long leg. Tufala i mekem man ia i silip i Sakem = To through
no mo harem wan samting. Fraet = Afriad
Tufala i kavremap man ia long han bong pamtri mo tufala i
karem i go wokabaot long rod, mo i singsing, Delaet = day light
Ron Wei = Ran Away
"Nesorho ti'ndange tilibone belelesuwor, belelesuwor." Hangap = Hang up
Tufala i stap singsing mo, laf i go klosap long deilaet. Taem Fren = Friend
wan i stap singsing se, Faea = Fire
Smokem = Smoking
"Nesorho t'ndange tilibone, belelesuwor belelesuwo". Tingting = Memory/ thoughts
Nara wan i singsing se,"Madagal sara, Madagal sara. II (I
minim se man ia bambae i hangap samples). Ron = To Run
Tufala i go gogo i sek nomo we wan lif i tajem sora blong Winim = To Win
man ia tufala i karem. Nao man ia i saksakem leg blong em Narafala = Others
Pamtri = Palm Tree
insaed long han blong pamtri ia mo tufala i girap i sakem
Stanap = To Stand
man ia long han blong wan tri. Man ia i stap hang antap. Hed = head
Emi singaot ol fren blong hem b1ong oli kam. Tufala i fraet
from delaet finis mo tufala i ron wei. Man ia i hang antap mo Leg = Leg
ol fren blong em oli jas karem em i kam daon. Oli mekem Kavremap = To cover up
faea i smokem man ia, we devel i karem long naet. Han blong pam tri = Palm tree
branch
Faea i smokem em mo mekem tingting blong em i kam gud
bakegen.

Comprehension questions:
1. From wanem ol devel i karem man ia?

2. Wanem i mekem fren blong em i ron wei?

3. Sipos i no dei laet kwik bambae i olsem wanem.

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VOCABULARY:

BISLAMA ENGLISH BISLAMA ENGLISH

Anamol Animal Baebol Bible
Berem Bury Bildem Build
Draem Dry Evridei Every day
Faen Fine Fanis fence
Fiva Fever Gru Grow
Hangri Hungry Jusum Choose
Kaliko Textile, loin cloth Kanal Santo
Kantri Country Faet Fight
Krab Crab Lida Leader
Maj Match Man bus Pagan
Naef Knife Niuspepa Newspaper
Pen Paint Pentem Paint
Planem Plant Praes Price
Praod Proud Raep Ripe
Sakem Throw (out) Sapenem Sharpen
Smelem Smell Stonem Stone
Swea Swear Tajem Touch
Tij Teach Tiket Ticket
Wajem Watch Wokbaot Travel, walk

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 Unit 18: SAVE

Save has a variety of related meanings and is used as a noun, verb, and modifier. These are -

• To know
• Can, be able to, know how to
• Allowed to, may
• Commonly, usually
• Knowledge, expertise, awareness

18.1 To Know
i. Mi save woman ia. I know this woman.
ii. Yu save fasin blong gel ia. I know this girl’s attitude (or behavior or style).
iii. Oli no save. They don’t know.
iv. Woman blong mi i save. My wife knows.

18.2 Can, be able to, know how to

This use of save indicates competence or ability in performing an action. When used in this
way, save is placed immediately before the verb.

Examples;
i. Patrick i save daeva. Patrick can/knows how to dive.
ii. Pol i save composem singsing. Pol can/is able to compose songs.
iii. Rebecca i save kukum yam. Rebecca knows how to cook yam.
iv. Koran mbae i save kam. Koran will be able to come.

18.3 Allowed to, may

i. Julie i save go long danis. Julie is allowed to go to the dance.
ii. Ol woman oli no save go insaed. Women are not allowed to go inside.
iii. Yu save kaekae laplap ia. You may eat this/that laplap.

Note: The verb LETEM (to let) is used when indicating the granting of permission. For
example -
i. Police i letem olgeta i go. The police let them go.
ii. Pita i letem gel blong hem i maret. Peter allowed his daughter to marry.

102
18.4 Commonly, usually

This use of save indicates a habitual aspect to the trait described.

i. Jim i save kakae fis. Jim usually eats fish.
ii. Hem i save swe long woman blong hem. He commonly swears at his wife.

18.5 Knowledge, expertise, awareness, intelligence

i. Man ia i gat save. This/that man is intelligent.
ii. Moli i save problem ia. Moli is aware.of the problem.
iii. Eimi hemi save mats gud. Amy knows a lot about math.

18.5 Use/meaning of No Save

No save is used as the negative of the all meanings of save. The position of no save in a
sentence is the same as save.

i. Olgeta i no save singsing. They cannot sing.

ii. Olgeta i save singsing. They can sing.

iii. Yu no save kukum raes long sospen ia. You may not cook rice in this pot.
iv. Yu save kukum raes long sospen ia. You may cook rice in this pot.

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EXERCISES #18
A. Translate the following sentences into English..

i. I can climb a coconut tree.

___________________________________________________________________
ii. Roger can fish and search for shells.
___________________________________________________________________
iii. James is able to drive a car.
___________________________________________________________________
iv. His/her brother is good at rugby.
___________________________________________________________________
v. They can speak Bislama.
___________________________________________________________________
vi. This/that boy is intelligent.
___________________________________________________________________
vii. You (plural) can climb a coconut tree.
___________________________________________________________________
viii. This/that girl can cook curry chicken.
___________________________________________________________________
ix. Dorah can compose songs.
___________________________________________________________________
x. This/that man usually hits his wife.
___________________________________________________________________

B. Now, write your translations using no save.

i. ____________________________________________________________________

ii. ____________________________________________________________________

iii. ____________________________________________________________________

iv. ____________________________________________________________________

v. ____________________________________________________________________

vi. ____________________________________________________________________

vii. ____________________________________________________________________

viii. ____________________________________________________________________

ix. ____________________________________________________________________

104
x. ____________________________________________________________________

105
DIALOG 9

LONG OSPITAL AT THE HOSPITAL

Misis Jones emi luk pikinini blong em long rum Mrs Jones looks at her child in the bedroom. The
blong slip. Pikinini ia emi harem nogud. Emi child is not feeling well. He cannot get up to go
no save girap blong go long skul. Hed blong em to school. He has a headache and his eyes are
i sohed mo ae blong em i hevi tumas. Emi gat very heavy. He has malaria, an illness which
fiva, wan sik we i kasem plante man long strikes many people in Vanuatu.
Vanuatu.
Mrs J: Evelin, ating bambae mi tekem Pol i go Mrs J: Evelin,1 think I'll take Paul to see the
luk dokta long hospital. Emi harem nogud doctor at the hospital. He is very sick.
tumas. Evelin: What's the matter with him?
Evelin: Wanem sik blong em Misis? Mrs J: His head is burning hot,and sometimes his
Mrs J: Hed blong em i olsem faea, mo semtaem body is very cold.
bodi blong em i kolkol. Evelin: That's malaria all right. It's a good idea
Evelin: Tru, emi fiva Misis. I gud yu tekem emi for you to take him to the hospital for an
go long hospital blong oli stikim em. injection.
[Taem oli kam long hospital i gat plante man oli [When they arrive at the hospital clinic there are
stap wet long dokta.] lots of people waiting for the doctor.]
Mrs J: Evelin, ating olgeta ia oli stap wet blong Mrs J: Evelin, I think all these people are waiting
luk dokta Spooner. to see Dr Spooner.
Evelin: Yes, Misis, ating klosap teti man i stap Evelin: Yes, I thnk there’s about thirty patients
wet. waiting there.
Mrs J: Pol i harem nogud tumas. Yu traem Mrs J: Paul is feeling very sick. Go and ask the
askem long nes blong emi kam luk fasteam. nurse to come and have a look first. Maybe (s)he
Maet emi save givim stik meresin. can give him an injection.
Evelin: Oraet Misis, mi go luk. Evelin: All right, then. I’ll go and see.
Mrs J: Yu no stap longtaem tumas Evelin. Mrs J: Don’t be too long, Evelin.
[Wan nes emi pas long klinik. Emi luk pikinini [A nurse came through the clinic. (Saw that Mrs.
blong Misis Jones emi sik tumas.] Jones'child is very sick]
Mrs J: Nes, plis, yu save givim stik meresin Mrs J: Nurse, please can you give an injection to
blong kilim fiva blong pikinini blong mi? help my child’s fever?
Nas:Oraet Misis.Yu wet smol bae mi karem stik Nurse: All right, wait here, I’ll bring the syringe.
meresin i kam. Mrs J: The nurse is back now. S/he will give
Mrs J: Nes emi kambak. Emi stikim Pol blong Paull an injection to make him feel better.
emi harem gud bakegen. Evelin: I pity these sick people here. There is a
Evelin: Mi sori tumas long olgeta ia. Long lot of sick cases in Vila this month.
manis ia i gat plante sik long Vila. Nurse: All right, I've given the injection. You
Nas: Oraet, mi stikim em finis. Yufala i mas must take Nivaquin every week during this time
tekem Nivakwin long evri wik long taem olsem, of the year as there’s plenty of mosquitoes now.
from i gat plante moskito naoia. Mrs J: Yes nurse, I know, but I don't like giving
Mrs J: Yes nes, mi save, be mi no laekem tablets to my two children.
givim tablet long tufalapikinini blong mi. Nurse: I’m sorry but if you want your children to
Nes: Sori be sapos yu wantem tufala I stap gud stay healthy you’ll have to give them the tablets.
mo no kasem sik ia, yu ,mas givim.

106
 Unit 19: FINIS

The different uses of finis include a number of variations all related to something that has
happened in the past.

19.1 To have accomplished (an action)

In this usage finis is placed at the end of the sentence and is translated “have already.”

i. Oli kaekae finis. They have already eaten.

ii. Oli katem wud finis. They have already cut the wood.
iii. Mi wasem ol plet finis. I have already washed the plates.
iv. Emi pem kaon blong hem finis. He/she has already paid his/her account.

19.2 To have finished (a task)

To have finished a task is indicated by finis preceeding the verb to which it refers and is
translated simply as “finished.”

i. Oli finis kakae They have finished eating.

ii. Pol i finis swim. Paul has finished bathing/swimming.

19.3 Finisim - the transitive verb form

Finisim is translated as the appropriate for of the English infinitive “to finish” and also
as its past tense - “finished.”

i. Ol gel i finisim evri kaekae. The girls finished all the food.
ii. Bae mi finisim was blong mi tumoro. I will finish my washing tomorrow.
iii. Jenny i finisim wok long karen. Jenny finished working in the garden.

19.4 Then
Finis is used as a connective word translated as “then.”

i. Ken i brasem karen finis i bonem. Ken slashed the garden then he burned it.
ii. Oli somap klos finis oli wasem. They sewed the clothes then they washed them.

107
EXERCISES #19
A. In the following sentences, indicate which of the four (4) categories of finis the sentence belongs
to by putting the number 1,2,3 or 4 in the space provided.
i. The girls have finished cooking the pork. vi. Cynthia has just finished bathing.
Category - ________________________ Category - _______________________

ii. The nurse has given the medication. vii. We burned the bush then built a shelter.
Category - ________________________ Category - _______________________

iii. Kenneth ironed the trousers then wore them. viii. I have done the dishes.
Category - ________________________ Category - _______________________

iv. The rat ate all the cheese. ix. I will finish my washing tomorrow.
Category - ________________________ Category - _______________________

v. All the tickets have been sold. x. The dog stopped barking.
Category - ________________________ Category - _________________________

B. Translate the sentences in “A” above into Bislama.

i. _________________________________________________________________________

ii. _________________________________________________________________________

iii. _________________________________________________________________________

iv. _________________________________________________________________________

v. _________________________________________________________________________

vi. _________________________________________________________________________

vii. _________________________________________________________________________

viii. _________________________________________________________________________

ix. _________________________________________________________________________

x. ________________________________________________________________________

108
COMPREHENSION 9
Read the following story and answer the following questions in English:
WOMAN WE I MEKEM LAFET BLONG OL FAMLI BLONG EM
I gat wan woman long wan villij klosap long solwota, emi maret i go long medel blong
aelan, long Venevet Marasing. Tufala i stap long Venevet Marasing gogo tufala harem
toktok se, ankel blong woman ia i ded. Be man ia i no letem em i go. Emi krae nomo afta
tufala i go long karen. Tufala i stap i no long taem mo harem se mama blong woam ia i sik.
Mo i no long taem mama blong em i ded. Be i semak nomo, woman ia i sori nomo be i no
save go.
I no long taem oli sanem toktok se, "Sista blong em i sik mo i no long taem em tu i ded. I
no long taem brata blong em i sik, woman ia i se, emia las famli blong mi, bambae mi
nomo save luk wan famli blong mi, mi mas go." Be man blong em i no letem em, emi se,
"Sapos yu go bae ol man oli kilim yu tu.” Brata blong em i ded tu. Tufala i stap yet i harem
nius se papa blong em tu i sik; emi se, "Naoia mi mas go. Mi nomo gat wan famli i stap.
Papa blong mi nomo i stap be hem tu i sik bakegen.”
"Papa blong mi i stap long poen blong ded, mi mas go kwik sapos mi wantem harem las
toktok blong em.” Woman ia i girap man blong em i se, “Bambae yu go nating, yu no
karem wan samting. Sipos yu gat wan famli, bambae i givhan long yu."
Women ia i tekem wan pig mo wan yam mo wan wota-taro mo fulumap long basket blong
em. Hemi livim Venevet Marasing mo stap krae taem emi stap wokabaot i go.
"Kive dor vetmarasinge, Wuse-e-Wuse-e-e.
Kiveronge Kataman Mesei-ia Wuse-e-Wuse-e-e."
Taem emi kasem wan vilej long rod ol man oli se, “Yu go kwik naoia Papa blong yu i no
mo kakae.” Hemi go daon, taem i kam long wan nara vilej ol man oli se "Yu go kwik,
naoia Papa blong yu i nomo toktok," Emi krae i taem emi stapgo. Taem emi kasem wan las
vilej, ol man oli se, "Yu go kwik, Papa blong yu i nomo pulum gud win.”
Emi krae i go, taem emi kasem velij blong em ol man i se, “Papa blong yu hat blong em i
wik tumas.” Hemi kasem doa blong Papa blong em, i go insaed mo tajem em be papa
blong em i ded finis.
Ol man i kam krae wetem em. Hemi tanen raon mo talem olsem; “i nomo gat wan man
blong givhan long mi blong mekem kakae blong dead blong papa blong mi”. Hemi tekem
aot ol samting we emi tekem wetem em long baskem mo sakem yam daon olsem ol bigfala
hip blong yam i kam stap. Hemi sakem wota-taro daon mo ol bigfala hip blong wota taro i
kam stap.
Hemi talem long ol man, "Yufala i go karem ol kakae blong ol ded famli blong mi, ol man i
selebreitem lafet ia long wan hundred dei."
Mo woman ia emi nomo go bak, emi stap long vilej blong Papa blong em.

Comprehension questions:
1. From wanem woman ia i no kam long ol ded blong ol famli blong em fastaem?

2. Wanem i mekem woman ia i livim man blong em long Venevet Maraing?

3. Sipos no man i ino kambak bae i olsem wanem?

109
 Unit 20: KLOSAP
Klosap is derived from the English phrase, “close up.” It has four related meanings -
20.1 Almost/Nearly Modifying a Verb
i. Klosap trak blong mi i kapsaed. My truck almost/nearly overturned.
ii. Klosap mi brekem leg blong mi. I almost/nearly broke my leg.
iii. Klosap oli finis nao. They’re almost/nearly finished.
iv. Klosap John i foldaon long bed las night. John almost/nearly fell off the bed last night.
In this usage, klosap always appears at the beginning of a sentence. However, if you want to
emphasize to whom or what a statement refers, the form follows this example
Man ia, klosap mi sutum hem That man, I almost shot him.

20.2 Almost/Nearly Modifying a Noun Phrase

i. Klosap twenti man. Almost/nearly twenty men.
ii. Klosap evri man. Almost/nearly all the men.
iii. Klosap yumi evriwan. Almost/nearly all of us.
iv. Klosap ten pikinini. Almost/nearly ten children.
v. Oli kilim ded klosap twenty man. They killed almost/nearly twenty men.
vi. Jif I wantem luk klosap yumi evriwan. The chief wants to see almost/nearly all of us.

Note: With numerals and time phrases both klosap and klosap long are used
interchangeably.

i. Klosap wan handred man. Nearly 100 men.

ii. Klosap long wan handred man. Nearly 100 men.
iii. Klosap medel naet. At almost midnight.
iv. Klosap long medel naet. At almost midnight.
v. Oli kakae klosap faev buluk. They ate nearly 5 bullocks.
vi. Oli kambak klosap long medel naet. They came back at almost midnight.

20.3 Near/Close Modifying a Verb

i. Vila i stap klosap nomo. Vila is just close.
ii. Vilij i klosap nao. The village is close now.

20.4 Near/Close to Modifying a Noun Phrase

To indicate location, the phrase klosap long is used.
i. Haos blong hem i stap klosap long solwota. His house is near/close to the sea.
ii. Stoa i stap klosap long haos blong Bill. The store is near/close to Bill’s house.
iii. Solomon i sitdaon klosap long Armstrong. Solomon sits near/close to Armstrong.
iv. Patrick i stap klosap long rod. Patrick lives near/close to the road.
v. Mi foldaon klosap long bas stap. I fell near/close to the bus stop.

110
EXERCISES #20
A. Translate thes sentences into English.

i. Aelan I stap klosap nomo.

ii. Yu bin go samples klosap long Dead sea.

iii. Klosap vilij blong Epau I fulap long ol man Amerika.

iv. Office blong Pis Kop I stap klosap long bikfala rod.

v. From wanem nao yumi mas no go klosap long man ia?

B. Using the three pictures below, create three Bislama sentences using klosap.

i. ___________________________________________________________

ii. ___________________________________________________________

iii. ___________________________________________________________

111
 Unit 21: NOMO
Nomo translates as “only,” “just,” or “no longer.”
21.1 Only
In this usage, nomo can come before or after the verb.
i. Mi wantem biskit nomo. I want biscuits only.
ii. Jak nomo i scorem poen. Only Jack scored points.
21.2 Just
In this usage, nomo can only come after the verb.
i. Ben i les nomo. Ben is just lazy.
ii. Hem i wokem mat nomo. He/She just makes mats.

In some contexts jas is needed as well as nomo. Jas is placed before the verb while nomo
comes after the verb. (Jas is derived from the English, “just.”)
i. Ron i jas kambak long moning nomo. Ron just came back this morning.
ii. Mifala i jas finisim kakae nomo. We just finished the food.
21.3 No longer
In this usage, nomo can come either before or after the verb. It usually indicates the negative
of the verb.
i. Hemi nomo wantem. He/She no longer wants it.
ii. Mary i nomo kakae. Mary is no longer eating.
iii. Henry i nomo krae. Henry is no longer crying.

EXERCISES #21
A. Translate the following into Bislama:
i. Mark no longer wants to drive the car.

____________________________________________________________________________

ii. Richard just grows taro.

____________________________________________________________________________

iii. We just ate laplap.

____________________________________________________________________________

iv. I only want a coke.

____________________________________________________________________________

v. I just Learned Bislama.

____________________________________________________________________________

112
 Unit 22: KASEM, KAREM, TEKEM
These three, related words have a wide variety of meanings and uses. Their various
definitions and applications follow.

22.1 Kasem
22.1.1 Meaning “To reach” or “To arrive”
Bae plen i kasem ples ia long wanem taem? What time will the plane arrive?
Wanem taem bae plen i kasem eapot? What time will the plane reach the airport?

22.1.2 Meaning “To understand”

Yu kasem wanem mi talem? Do you understand what I am telling you?

22.1.3 Meaning “To catch” something physically or to catch a means of transport

Mi kasem 5 fis yestedei. I caught 5 fish yesterday.
Mi kasem bas mi kam. I came by bus.

22.1.4 Meaning “to have” or “to contract” (as a disease)

Man ia i kasem malaria. This man has/contracted malaria.

22.1.5 Meaning “until”

Rachel i wok kasem haf pas fo long aftanun. Rachel works until 4:30PM.
Yu mas stap long haos kasem mi kambak. You must stay home until I return.

22.1.6 Meaning “as far as”

Mifala i go kasem volcano. We went as far as the volcanoe.
John i go kasem Onesua. John went as far as Onesua.

22.1.7 Meaning “to fetch” or “to get”

Thomas i kasem fulap fis. Thomas fetched a lot of fish.
Yumi kasem wota long wel. We get water from the well.

22.2 Karem
22.2.1 Meaning “To bring”
Bae mi karem sam aranis i kam. I'll bring some oranges.

22.2.2 Meaning “To carry”

Bae mi helpem blong karem bak blong yu. I'll help carry your bag for you.
Mi save karem bebe blong yu? Can I carry your baby?

113
 22.2.3 Meaning “To take”
Karem laplap i go long maket. Take the laplap to the market.
No fogetem blong karem meresin blong yu. Don't forget to take your medicine.

22.2.4 Meaning “To drive” (e.g., a car)

Thompson i karem waet trak. Thompson drives a white truck.
Sandy i karem wan red bas. Sandy drives a red bus.

22.2.5 Meaning “To marry”

Patrick i karem woman Santo. Patrick married a woman from Santo.
Luisa i karem man America. Louisa married an American man.

22.2.6 Meaning “To give birth”

Evelin i karem wan boe. Evelyn gave birth to a son.
Buluk ia i karem tri pikinini. The cow bore three calves.

2.3 Tekem
2.3.1 Meaning “To take”
Tekem ol plet i go long kijin. Take the dishes to the kitchen.
Yu save tekem ples blong mi. You can take my place.

23.3.2 Meaning “To give birth”

Tekem big naef i kam. Bring a bush knife.

23.3.3 Meaning “To have”

Tekem basket ia blong yu. You can have this bag.

114
HOMEWORK:
For each of the meanings of kasem, karem and tekem, write one sentence in bislama

1. ______________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________________________

9. ______________________________________________________________________

10. _____________________________________________________________________

11. _____________________________________________________________________

12. _____________________________________________________________________

13. _____________________________________________________________________

14. _____________________________________________________________________

15. _____________________________________________________________________

16. _____________________________________________________________________

115
 Unit 23: SE

Se, meaning “that” or “so that,” is often used with many common verbs, but not always. It
is also used to mean “whether,” as the verb “to say” and to introduce a quote. Note that a
number of verbs require the use of se where the word “that” is implied, but not used, in
English.

23.1 Verbs Requiring Se

Note: Se is required for these verbs when the meaning is “<verb> that.”
o Harem se to hear (that)
o Ting se to think (that)
o Talem se to say (that)
o Hop se to hope (that)
o Save se to know (that)
o Bilif se to believe (that)
o Haremsave se to understand (that)
o Luksave se to recognize (that)
o Luk se to see (that)
o Askem se to ask (that)
o Ansa se to answer (that)
o Minim se to mean (that)

Examples -
Mi harem se gavman blong yumi bae i jenis. I heard that our government is changing.
Rebecca i ting se Solomon i sik. Rebecca thinks that Solomon is sick.
Yumi glad blong talem se Jisas i laef bakegen. We are happy to say Jesus is alive again.
Mi hop se bae mi go long America samtaem. I hope that I will go to America one day.
Mi bilif se Richard hemi plei gitar. I believe that Richard plays the guitar.

23.2 Se Meaning “So that”

Note: Se can come either after the verb in the beginning of a sentence or after a nound in the
middle of a sentence.

Examples -
Bebe i krae se bae mama i harem. The baby cried so that the mum could hear.
Mi wok se mi gat mane. I work so that I can have money.
Hemi slip naoia se hemi tingting gud. She is sleeping now so that she can think clearly.

116
23.3 Se Meaning “Whether”
In cases where alternatives are offered, se corresponds to English word “whether”. This
usage applies if you don’t know or not sure about something.
Mi no save se oli pem wan bag o tu. I don’t know whether they bought one bag or two.
Mi no sua se yumi gat wan miting o no. I am not sure whether we have a meeting or not

23.4 Se Meaning “To say”

Em i se i oraet nomo. He/She said that it is alright.
Olgeta oli se yumi no naf long ol. They said that we are not strong enough for them.
Jif nao i se bae yumi gat wan miting. The jif said that we will have a meeting.

Note: Using se in this manner is seen by many as an abbreviated form of “talem se.”

23.5 Se Introducing a Direct Quote

Tufala i ansa se, “Jif Ambong.” They answered, “Chief Ambong.”
Ol man ia oli talem se, “Yes.” Those people/men said, “Yes.”
Moskito i talem se, “Mi hangre, mi hangre.” Mosquito said, “I am hungry, I am hungry.”

EXERCISES #23
A. Translate into bislama

(i) He said, “I’d buy that for a dollar”.

_______________________________________________________

(ii) You say I only hear what I want to hear.

_______________________________________________________

(iii) I hope you know how to drive.

_______________________________________________________

(iv) Koran did not recognize the song.

_______________________________________________________

(v) I bought the candy so that we could eat it tonight.

_______________________________________________________

(vi) Rebecca believes you are really crazy.

_______________________________________________________

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 Unit 24: RELATIVE AMOUNT/QUANTITY
Basic Vocablulary for relative amounts and quantities
Bislama English
Tumas Very, too much

Mo/Moa More

Lelebet Somewhat, rather, fairly

Smol Small, little

Tru Really, truly

Gud Well, really

24.1 Tumas Meaning “Very” or “Too Much”

In this usage, tumas is most frequently placed after the word(s) it modifies.

Jack i sik tumas. Jack is very sick.

Mi harem nogud tumas. I feel very bad.
Hem i kakae tumas. She eats too much.
Yu laekem tumas. You like it tumas.
Olgeta i gud tumas. They are tumas good/nice.

24.2 Mo/Moa Meaning “More” or “ Much”

Mo/Moa is used as a comparative and as a modifier.

Haos long we i mo gud bitim haos ia. The house over there is much better than this one.
Set ia i mo naes. This/ that shirt is nicer.
Olgeta i wantem kakae sam mo mango. They want to eat more mangoes.
Mi wantem sam moa. I want some more.

24.3 Lelebet Meaning “Somewhat,” “Rather” or Fairly”

Hemi bigwan lelebet. It’s a rather big one.
Hemi gud lelebet long futbol. He’s/She’s fairly good at soccer.
Mifala i kros lelebet. We are somewhat angry.
Mitin tedei i longfala lelebet. Today’s meeting was rather long.

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24.4 Smol Meaning “Small,” “Little” or “Rather”
Smol is used similarly to lelebet.
Hemi wan smol bulluk. This/that is a small bullock.
Mi harem nogud smol. I feel a little sick.
Hemi gud smol. He’s/she’s rather good.
Mi ting yufala i kranke smol. I think you are all a little crazy.

24.5 Gud Meaning “Well,” or “Really”

In this usage gud follows the word or phrase it modifies.
Mi save gud hem. I know him/her well.
Mifala i giaman gud long hem. We really lied to him/her
Yufala i harem gud mi? Do you hear me well? or Did you really hear me?
Maek i lukluk gud Pol klia. Mike really saw Paul clearly.

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EXERCISES #24
A. Translate the following sentences into Bislama.

i. I want more candy.

ii. He’s rather small.

iii. I really like the taro.

iv. Eddie was good this year.

v. I am very glad you liked the book.

vi. Those papays are all very good.

vii. We like them very much.

viii. I want some more money.

ix. Au Bon is much better than the other stores.

x. This school is better than the other one.

xi. This book is very good.

xii. It is rather good.

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 Unit 25: ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS & LOCATION
25.1 Vocabulary
Describing and using direction vobaculary to provide directions and learn how to follow
directions using Bislama directive sentences and vocabularies.

Bislama English Bislama English

Narasaed The other side of Rod blong trak/bigfala rod Main road
(island/road)/opposite

Bihaen long Behind Lefsaed On the left

Fored Infront of Raetsaed On the right

Klosap long Close to/near to/not far Long ples ia Here/there

from

Long wei Over there Tanem long raet Turn right

Long wei long Far from Not North

Antap Uphill/inland/up Saot South

Daon Downhill/towards the Wes West

coast/down

Smol rod Footpath Is East

Stoa i stap long raed saed long rod. The shop is on the other side of the road.
Ol banana i stap bihaen long trak. The bananas are at the back of the truck.

25.2 Related Interrogatives

Bislama English
Wea? Where?

Long wea? From where?

Long At

Wanem? What?

Wanem taem? What time?

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 Olsem wanem? How?

HOMEWORK:
Imagine you are talking with someone in the village and she wants directions from the Peace Corps
Office to your house to a store then to the church. Write the directions you would give

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 Unit 26: BAKEGEN, WANWAN & REPETITIVE ACTION
26.1 Using Bakegen in Bislama can mean “Again” or can mean a variety of related words in
English.
Note: Bakegen does not translate as “back again.”
Emi foldaon bakegen. He fell down again.
Em i kilim mi bakegen. He hit me again.
Mi wantem go long taon bakegen. I want to go to town again.
Julie i was bakegen. Julie washed again.

26.2 Bak Bakegen

26.2.1 Meaning “Back again”
John i go long taon, afta emi kam bak bakegen.
John went to town and then he came back again.
Bae mi go long solwota, afta bae mi kam bak bakegen.
I will be going to the sea and then I will come back again.
Olgeta oli kam bak bakegen blong luk mifala.
They came back again to see us.

26.2. Meaning To Borrow and then Return Something

Mi bin yusum rula blong David, afta mi kam putum bak bakegen.
I used David’s ruler, then I returned it.

26.3 Wanwan
26.3.1 Meaning “Each”
Evriwan i karem wanwan faol. Each person brings a chicken.
Wanwan Pis Kop voluntir i mas gat bus naef.
Each Peace Corps volunteer must have a bush
knife.

26.3.2 Meaning “Individually”

Oli mekem wok blong olgeta wanwan. They did their tasks individually.
Ol man ia oli somap ol aelan dres wanwan.
These/those people sewed their island dresses individually.

26.3.3 Meaning “Separately”

Oli go wanwan finis. They went separately.
Man mo woman blong jioj ia oli sidaon wanwan long sevos.
Men and women of this church sit separately during the service.

26.3.4 Meaning “Occasionally”

Jon i kam long ples ia wanwan taem. John comes here occasionally.
Emi karem frut wanwan taem. It bears fruit occasionally.

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26.4 Related Vocabulary

Bislama English Bislama English

Luk See/look at Benem Bend

Jam Ump Rabem Rub

Foldaon Fall Sekem Shake

Folem Follow Holem Hold

Kilim Kill/hit Pasem Pass

Brekem Break Fas Full/packed

Laekem Like Katem Cut

Tanem Turn Singaot Call/shout/scream

Muv Move

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26.5 Repetitive Actions
When an action is being repeated and/or is of longer than normal duration, that is frequently
indicated by duplicating the first syllable or an entire verb.

Bislama English Bislama English

LUKLUK to look/stare/examine/ KILKILIM to kill/hit (repeatedly)
watch.

SINGSING to sing BREKBREKEM to break (into pieces)

TOKTOK to talk LAEKLAEKEM like/love (continuously)

SEKSEK to shake TANTANEM to turn (repeatedly)

FASFAS full/packed/crowded BENBENEM to bend (continually)

JAMJAM to jump (repeatedly) RABRABEM to rub (continually)

FOLFOLDAON to fall (continually) SEKSEKEM to shake (repeatedly)

FOLFOLEM to follow (continually) HOLHOLEM to hold

Examples -
Yu no stap lukluk mi olsem. Don’t stare at me like that.
Sam i stap seksekem haos ia gogo i foldaon. Sams was shaking that house until it fell down.
Ren i stap folfoldaon olsem evri taem nomo.
The rain continues to fall just like this all the time.
Mi laekem tumas taem woman blong mi i stap rabrabem baksaed blong mi.
I love it when my wife rubs my back.

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EXERCISES #25
A. Translate the following into Bislama.

i. We are going to eat tin fish again?

______________________________________________________________________________

ii. Koran went to Vila, then he came back.

______________________________________________________________________________

iii. I’m going to the store then I’ll come back

______________________________________________________________________________

iv. Mark borrowed my CD but he didn’t give it back.

______________________________________________________________________________

B. Write the four uses of wanwan and write a sentence for each in Bislama.

_____________________ __________________________________________________________

_____________________ __________________________________________________________

_____________________ __________________________________________________________

_____________________ __________________________________________________________

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 Unit 27: LIKES & DISLIKES

27.1 Expressing Likes and Dislikes

Bislama English
Mi laekem I like
Mi no laekem I don’t like
Yu laekem You like
Yu no laekem You don’t like
Mifala i laekem We like it
Mifala i no laekem We don’t like it
Yufala i laekem You like it
Yufala i no laekem You don’t like it
Olgeta i laekem They like it
Olgeta i no laekem They don’t like it
Hem i laekem He/she likes it
Hem i no laekem He/she doesn’t like it

27.2 Explaining Your Likes and Dislikes

Bislama English
From se/ From we Because
I naes It’s nice
I no naes It’s not nice
I smel gud It smells good
I tes gud It tastes good
I no smel gud It doesn’t smell good
I smol tumas It’s too small
I bigwan tumas It’s too big
I sot tumas It’s too short
I longfala tumas It’s too long

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 Unit 28: TAEM, TAEM WE, LONG TAEM WE
In Bislama dependent time clauses are introduced by taem, taem we and long taem we.
Taem translates “when”
Taem we translates “during the time that”
Long taem we translates “on the occasion of”
While some speakers make a distinction between taem, taem we and long taem we, for many
they are interchangeable and all can be translated “when.”

28.1 Taem Meaning “When”

Taem olgeta oli harem nius, oli kam kwiktaem.
When they heard the news, they came quickly.
Taem jaj i kamtru, yufala evriwan i mas stanap.
When the judge arrives, you all have to stand.

28.2 Taem We Meaning “When”

Taem we emi stap long Ostrelia, emi wantem kambak long Vanuatu.
When he lived in Australia, he wanted to return to Vanuatu.
Taem we mi stap long Santo, mi gat fiva oltaem.
When I was in Santo, I always had a fever.

28.3 Long Taem We Meaning “When”

Long taem we mi smol yet, mi stap skul long Rangorango.
When I was still small/young, I went to school at Rangorango.

Note: Long taem we is not as commonly used in Bislama sentences as ‘taem and taem we.
When it is used, it is always translated “when” in English.

28.4 Time Related Phrases

Bislama English
Long taem ia (we) At that time (when)

Stret long taem (we) Exactly as

Bifo long taem (we) Before when

Oltaem Always/continually/all the time/most of the time

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 Longtaem finis Long ago/for a long time.

I no longtaem Recently/shortly/soon/not long.

Examples:
Long taem ia we ol man soldia blong Amerika oli kam, mi no bon yet.
At the time when the American soldiers came, I wasn’t born yet.
Stret long taem ia we emi ded, glas i brok.
Exactly the same time when she/he died, the glass shattered.
Bifo long taem we mi yangfala yet, ino gat wof long Vila.
Before, when I was still young, there was no wharf in Vila.
Anna i go bak long aelan long taem finis.
Anna went back to the island a long time ago.
Emi kambak i no longtaem.
He came back recently.

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 Unit 29: ASKING & TELLING TIME
29.1 Asking and telling time in Bislama and using phrases that describe times of the day.
Questions
Wanem taem plis? What’s the time, please?
Wanem dei tedei? What’s the day today?
Wanem deit tedei? What’s the date?
Yu go wanem taem? When are you going?
Yu kambak wanem taem? When are you coming back?

29.2 Vocabulary Related to Days

English Bislama English Bislama

Yesterday Yestedei At lunch hour Long dina
Today Tedei In the afternoon Long aftenun
Tommorow Tumora In the evening Long safa
Yesterday morning Yestedei long moning Tonight Tedei long naet
This morning Tedei long moning At midnight Long medel naet
Tomorrow morning Tumora long moning Sunset Taem san i go daon
Early in the morning Long eli moning Sunrise Taem san i kam antap
Daylight Delaet Day Dei
At midday Long medel dei

29.3 Vocabulary Related to Minutes and Hours

English Bislama English Bislama

AM Long moning PM Long aftenun/long
safa/long naet

Time Taem To/before Blong kasem/blong faenem

Second Seken Going towards I stap ronem/go from

Minute Minit Around Samwe long/samples long

Hour Haoa O’clock O klok/klok

Exactly Stret, stret long Quarter past Kwota pas

Close to/almost Klosap Quarter to Kwota tu

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Past Lusum/i ova long/bitim Half past Haf pas

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 Unit 30: SHOPPING AT A STORE
30.1 Shopping in a local community store using Bislama phrases and vocabularies that can
help you purchase your supplies and ask for prices.

Useful Questions

English Bislama
What’s this? Wanem hemia?

What’s the name for this? Wanem nem blong hemia?

What’s this called in Bislama? Wanem nem blong hemia long Bislama?

Where is the store/...? Wea nao sto/...?

Where is a store where I can buy .? Wea nao sto blong pem ...?

Can I buy a … here? Mi save pem … long ples ia?

How much for that? Hamas long hem?

What is the pirce for this? Wanem praes long hemia?

How much for one? Hamas long wan?

Is there one that is slightly I gat wan we i smol/bigwan/... lelebet?

smaller/bigger/...?

Is there one slightly cheaper? I gat wan we i jip lelebet?

Is this fresh? Hemia i fres ia?

Do you sell … here? Yufala i salem … long ples ia?

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DIALOG 10

STOKIPA: Gud moning fren. Good morning friend)

KASTOMA: Gud moning. (Good morning)

STOKIPA: Olsem wanem, mi save helpem (How are you, can I help you?)
yu?

KASTOMA: O, yes plis, mi wantem pem sam (Oh yes please, I’d like to buy some
wasing sop. washing soap?)

STOKIPA: I gat two difren kaen sop, Fab mo (There are two kinds of soap(sold
jaenis sop here). ‘Fab’ and ‘Chinese soap’)

KASTOMA: Hamas long wan? (How much is it for one?)

STOKIPA: Fab emi 100vt, jaenis sop emi (‘Fab’ is 100vt, ‘Chinese soap’ is 50
50vt. vt.)

KASTOMA: I oraet, mbae mi karem wan jaenis (Well, I’ll just get a Chinese soap.
sop nomo. Hemia 100vt. Heres 100 vt.)

STOKIPA: Ok, emia 50vt jens blong yu. (Here’s your change of 50 vt)

KASTOMA: Tank yu tumas, Ale tata. (Thank you very much, bye.)

STOKIPA: Ale, tank yu, lukim yu! (Okay thank you, see you!)

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 Unit 31: ANATOMY/HEALTH CONDITIONS
31.1 Identifying body parts in Bislama Language and Expressing your self in illness in
Bislama.

Anatomy

English Bislama English Bislama

Head Hed Throat Trot

Hair Hea Neck Nek

Eye Ae Cheek Jik

Ear Sora/ia Shoulder Solda

Nose Nos Chest Jes

Mouth Maot Breast Titi

Tooth/teeth Tut Armpit Antanit long han

Tongue Tang Elbow Joen long han

Finger Fingga Private part Tabu ples

Belly buton Nambutong Knee Joen blong lek

Leg Lek Knee Ni

Hand Han Back Baksaed

Back Bak Buttock As

31.2 Health Conditions

English Bislama
I am not feeling well Mi harem nogud

I have sores on my… Mi gat so long… (body part)

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 I am pregnant Mi gat bel

I have diarrhoea Mi kasem sitsit wota

I have backache. Bak blong mi i so

My leg is painful. Lek blong mi i so.

My hand is painful. Han long mi i so.

I’ve got headache. Hed blong mi i so.

DIALOG 11

Doctor: Gud moning, olsem wanem? (Good morning, how are you/)

Patient: Gud moning dokta, mi no silip gud (Good morning doctor, I did not sleep
from bel blong mi i so tumas. well due to my stomach ache.)

Doctor: Yu kasem sitsit wota? (Did you contract diahrea?)

Patient: Yes dokta. (Yes doctor).

Doctor: Yu bin tekem sam meresin finis? (Have you taken some medication?)

Patient: Yes, mi bin tekem 2 panadol finis. (Yes, I have taken 2 panadol)

Doctor: OK bae mi mekem pepa bae yu go (Ok, I’ll fill up a form for you to pick up
karem sam moa panadol. more at the chemist)

Patient: Tank yu tumas dokta, naoia bae mi (Thank you very much doctor, now I will
save slip gud bagegen. be able to sleep better.)

Doctor: Ale, tata. (Okay bye.)

Patient: Ale. (Okay.)

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 Unit 32: NEGATIVE AND YES/NO QUESTIONS
32.1 Positive Questions
Positive questions are those which are asked in an affirmative form - i.e., they do not include
a negative (refer to 32.2 for clarification of this definition). Positive questions are answered
as they are in English.

Examples:

Q: Jon i wantem kam? Does John want to come?

A1: Yes, hemi wantem come. Yes, he wants to come.
A2: No, hemi no wantem come. No, he does not want to come.

Q: Mala, i kam long Santo? Does Mala come from Santo?

A1: Yes, hemi kam long Santo. Yes, she comes from Santo
A2: No, hemi no kam long Santo. No, she does not come from Santo.

To stress an affirmative answer we can be added at the end of the response. However, we is
not added at the end of the sentence if the answer is “no.”

32.2 Negative Questions

Negative questions are those than include a negative - i.e., they ask if something didn’t
happen or isn’t wanted or the like. These questions are answered differently in Bislama than
English. This is initially very confusing to people who are used the to English construction.

Example:
Q: Hemi no slip yet? Hasn’t (s)he slept yet?
A1: Yes, hemi no silip yet. Yes, s(he) hasn’t slept yet.
A2: Si, hemi slip finis. Yes, (s)he has already slept.
A3: Si, hemi stap silip nao. Yes, (s)he is asleep.
Note: Si is derived from the French “wi” and is used to indicate “yes.”

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32.3 Yes/No Questions
Bislama does not have a specific grammatical structure for asking Yes/No questions. Yes/No
questions are indicated by intonation only. When a question is asked, it is done in the form
of a statement with the tone raised at the end.
Examples:
Q: Yu dring ti finis? Have you had breakfast?
A: Yes, mi dring ti finis Yes, I’ve had breakfast
Q: Yu kakae pik? Do you eat pork?
A: Yes, mi kakae pik. Yes, I eat pork.
Q: Trak ino go yet? Has the truck left/gone yet?
A: Yes, ino go yet. No, it hasn’t left/gone yet.

32.4 Question “Add-Ons”

32.4.1 No Gat
Sometimes no gat is added to a question if the person asking the question isn’t sure of
the answer to expect.
Examples:

Q: Yu save faet o nogat? Can you fight or not?

A: No, mi no save faet. No, I cannot fight.

Q: Yu save katem faeawud o Can you job firewood?

nogat? Are you able to chop firewood or not?

A: No mi no save katem faeawud. No, I cannot cut/chop firewood.

Q: Bubu i tijim yu kastom o nogat? Did grandpa/grandma teach you customs?

A: Yes, bubu i tijim mi kastom. Yes, grandpa/grandma taught me customs.

32.4.1 “A” for Emphasis

Yes/No questions are often followed by an a which means “Isn’t that so!” The tone
of voice is raised when adding the a.

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 Examples:

Q: Hemi kross, a? He’s angry, is he?

A: Yes, hemi kross Yes, he’s angry.

Q: I nogat, a? There isn’t any, is there?

A: Yes, i gat. Yes, there is.

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 Unit 33: STORY TELLING AND COMPREHENSION
The following phrases will help you storian with Bislama speakers who are interested in
knowing more about you and the United States.

Bislama English
Wan taem i gat wan Once upon a time there was a
Long taem we At that time when
From se Because
Samples long Somewhere about
Olgeta i stap long They stayed at
Emi ded (finis) S(he) is dead (died)
Katem aot Cut off
Kamdaon long Come down the
Em i luk wan S(he) saw a…
Em i harem gud/ nogud S(he) doesn’t feel good/bad
Olgeta i gladglad/ hapi S(he) glad/ happy
Tufala i kros They were angry
Tufala i maret They got married

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