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    Hardy Cross: Carry-Over Moment

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    Calima Bakeg
    Moment distribution is a method for analyzing rigid frames by successive approximations. Carry-over moment refers to the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by the moment applied at the other end, which is half the amount and opposite in sign. Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce a unit rotation at the simply supported end, and is equal to 4EI/L for a constant EI beam. Distribution factors are the ratio of a member's bending stiffness to the total stiffness of members meeting at a joint, and are used to distribute unbalanced joint moments between members.

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    Hardy Cross: Carry-Over Moment

    Uploaded by

    Calima Bakeg
    47 views4 pages
    Moment distribution is a method for analyzing rigid frames by successive approximations. Carry-over moment refers to the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by the moment applied at the other end, which is half the amount and opposite in sign. Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce a unit rotation at the simply supported end, and is equal to 4EI/L for a constant EI beam. Distribution factors are the ratio of a member's bending stiffness to the total stiffness of members meeting at a joint, and are used to distribute unbalanced joint moments between members.

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    Moment distribution is a method for analyzing rigid frames by successive approximations. Carry-over moment refers to the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by the moment applied at the other end, which is half the amount and opposite in sign. Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce a unit rotation at the simply supported end, and is equal to 4EI/L for a constant EI beam. Distribution factors are the ratio of a member's bending stiffness to the total stiffness of members meeting at a joint, and are used to distribute unbalanced joint moments between members.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    47 views4 pages

    Hardy Cross: Carry-Over Moment

    Uploaded by

    Calima Bakeg
    Moment distribution is a method for analyzing rigid frames by successive approximations. Carry-over moment refers to the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by the moment applied at the other end, which is half the amount and opposite in sign. Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce a unit rotation at the simply supported end, and is equal to 4EI/L for a constant EI beam. Distribution factors are the ratio of a member's bending stiffness to the total stiffness of members meeting at a joint, and are used to distribute unbalanced joint moments between members.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Moment distribution is based on the method of successive approximation developed

    by Hardy Cross (1885–1959) in his stay at the University of Illinois at Urbana-


    Champaign (UIUC). This method is applicable to all types of rigid frame analysis.

    Carry-Over Moment
    Carry-over moment is defined as the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by the
    action of the moment applied at the other end.

    Consider the propped beam shown above,


    EItB/A=(AreaAB)⋅X¯B=0EItB/A=(AreaAB)⋅X¯B=0
    12LMA(23L)+12LMB(13L)=012LMA(23L)+12LMB(13L)=0
    MA=−12MBMA=−12MB

    Thus, the moment applied at the roller end carries over to the fixed end a moment that
    is half the amount and of opposite sign.

    Beam Stiffness
    Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce unit rotation at the simply supported
    end of a beam, the other end being rigidly fixed.

    From the beam above,


    EIθAB=AreaABEIθAB=AreaAB
    EIθ=12LMA+12LMBEIθ=12LMA+12LMB
    EIθ=12L(−12MB)+12LMBEIθ=12L(−12MB)+12LMB
    EIθ=−14LMB+12LMBEIθ=−14LMB+12LMB
    EIθ=14LMBEIθ=14LMB
    MB=4EIθLMB=4EIθL

    If θ = 1 radian, MB = beam stiffness K, thus


    Absolute K=4EILAbsolute K=4EIL

    For constant E,
    Relative K=ILRelative K=IL

    Modified K
    For hinge and roller ends, multiply K by 3/4 to eliminate further distribution of moment
    on that support.

    Fixed End Moments (FEM)


    Assume that each span of continuous beam to be fully restrained against rotation then
    fixed-end moments at the ends its members are computed.

    Sign Convention
    Counterclockwise moments acting on the beam are considered to be positive, and
    clockwise moments acting on the beam are considered negative. This implies that
    clockwise reaction at the joint is positive and counterclockwise reaction at the joint is
    negative.

    End Moments End Moments


    Type of Load
    (Actual Sign) (Used Sign)

    FEMAB=−Pab2L2FEMAB=−Pab2L
    MA=−Pab2L2MA=−Pab2L2 2
    MB=−Pa2bL2MB=−Pa2bL2 FEMBA=+Pa2bL2FEMBA=+Pa2bL
    2

    MA=−PL8MA=−PL8 FEMAB=−PL8FEMAB=−PL8
    MB=−PL8MB=−PL8 FEMBA=+PL8FEMBA=+PL8
    FEMAB=−woL212FEMAB=−woL2
    MA=−woL212MA=−woL212 12
    MB=−woL212MB=−woL212 FEMBA=+woL212FEMBA=+woL2
    12

    MA=−5woL2192MA=−5woL FEMAB=−5woL2192FEMAB=−5w
    2192 oL2192
    MB=−11woL2192MB=−11w FEMBA=+11woL2192FEMBA=+11
    oL2192 woL2192

    FEMAB=−woL230FEMAB=−woL2
    MA=−woL230MA=−woL230 30
    MB=−woL220MB=−woL220 FEMBA=+woL220FEMBA=+woL2
    20

    MA=−5woL296MA=−5woL2 FEMAB=−5woL296FEMAB=−5wo
    96 L296
    MB=−5woL296MB=−5woL2 FEMBA=+5woL296FEMBA=+5wo
    96 L296

    MA=MbL(3aL−1)MA=MbL( FEMAB=+MbL(3aL−1)FEMAB=+
    3aL−1) MbL(3aL−1)
    MB=−MaL(3bL−1)MB=−M FEMBA=+MaL(3bL−1)FEMBA=+
    aL(3bL−1) MaL(3bL−1)

    FEMAB=−6EIΔL2FEMAB=−6EIΔ
    MA=−6EIΔL2MA=−6EIΔL2 L2
    MB=6EIΔL2MB=6EIΔL2 FEMBA=−6EIΔL2FEMBA=−6EIΔ
    L2

    Distribution Factor, DF
    At a joint, the distribution factor of a member is the ratio of the bending stiffness of the
    member to the sum of bending stiffness of all the members connected to the joint.

    DF=KΣKDF=KΣK
    In general, the end moments of any two adjacent spans are not equal creating an
    unbalanced moment at the joint. This unbalanced moment is then distributed in
    percentage equal to the distribution factor.
    Note:
    DF = 0 for fixed end.
    DF = 1 for hinged or roller end.

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