Designation: A962/A962M − 12

Standard Specification for

Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any
Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A962/A962M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require- therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
ments that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Speci- formance with the specification.
fications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke 2. Referenced Documents
this specification or portions thereof): The following documents shall form a part of this specifica-
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation tion to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply un-
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials A193/A193M
for High-Temperature Service less otherwise specified.
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High A194/A194M
Pressure and High-Temperature Service
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature A320/A320M A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Service Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material A437/A437M
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
Service Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
High-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion A453/A453M Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A540/A540M for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,
Precipitation-Hardening Bolting Material (UNS A1014/A1014M or Both
N07718) for High Temperature Service
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individual Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica- A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
tion. of Steel Products
1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutual A437/A437M Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel
agreement between the purchaser and supplier. Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-
Temperature Service
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the
A453/A453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolting,
option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only
with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic
apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the
Stainless Steels
purchase order or contract.
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract A540/A540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Spe-
specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI cial Applications
units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-
either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately ods for Steel Products for Shipment
as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, quirements
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
2
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A962/A962M–11a. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0962_A0962M-12. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A962/A962M − 12
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related 3.1.3 certifying organization—the company or association
Alloys, and Ferroalloys responsible for the conformance and marking of the product to
A1014/A1014M Specification for Precipitation-Hardening the specification requirements.
Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service 3.1.4 class—a term used to differentiate between different
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens heat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, often
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, within the same grade but sometimes within the same family of
Blooms, and Forgings materials. May also apply to work hardened condition or
E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of strength level, or both.
Materials
3.1.5 grade—an alloy described individually and identified
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
by its own designation in a table of chemical requirements
E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
within any specification.
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of 3.1.6 length, fasteners subject to full size testing—that
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series portion of the fastener whose body diameter is approximately
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and the same as the nominal thread size.
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel 3.1.7 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:
Bolts, Screws and Studs 3.1.7.1 bolting, heat treated in batch type furnaces—all
F2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization and material of the same heat or cast of material, condition, finish,
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel and size subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering
Bolts, Screws and Studs (Metric) charge and submitted for inspection at the same time.
2.2 AIAG Standard:3 3.1.7.2 bolting, heat treated in continuous type furnaces—
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica- all material of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
tion Standard finish, and size heat treated without interruption in a continu-
2.3 ASME Standards:4 ous type furnace during an eight hour period.
B1.1 Screw Threads 3.1.7.3 bolting, non heat treated (strain hardened)—all
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads – M Profile material of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads reduction (cold work), finish and size.
B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional 3.1.7.4 fasteners, machined from bolting material—all fas-
Acceptability of Metric Screw Threads teners machined from the same lot of material defined as
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws outlined in either 3.1.7.1 or 3.1.7.2, above without any subse-
B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy Bolts quent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
3.1.7.5 fasteners, heat treated in batch type furnaces—all
2.4 Other Documents: items produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)
ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A5 from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior
condition, the same size, and subjected to the same heat
3. Terminology treatment in one tempering charge.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.7.6 fasteners, heat treated in continuous type furnaces—
3.1.1 bar—a solid rolled or forged section that is long in all items produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)
relationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relatively from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior
constant cross section throughout its length. See Specification condition, of the same size, subjected to the same heat
A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hot treatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.
wrought and cold finished bars. 3.1.7.7 fasteners, non heat treated (strain hardened)—all
3.1.2 bolting—bolting material (rolled or forged bars or fasteners of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
blanks, wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary pierced or extruded reduction (cold work), finish and size.
seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or 3.1.7.8 strain hardened material—austenitic stainless steel
rolled bar segments, to be manufactured into fasteners and material which has been subjected to cold working sufficient to
bolting components including but not limited to connectors, cause a significant increase in strength.
pins, restraining device components, and shafts and fasteners
themselves (bolts, nuts, screws, studs, and washers). 3.2 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
specification, refer to Terminology A941.

3
4. Ordering Information
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org. 4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME purchase order all information necessary to purchase the
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
needed material. Examples of such information include, but are
www.asme.org.
5
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box not limited, to the following:
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. 4.1.1 Quantity and size,

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 A962/A962M − 12
4.1.2 Product specification number with grade, class, type, 7. Chemical Composition
as applicable, and including the product specification year date, 7.1 Chemical Analysis—Heat or product chemical analysis
4.1.3 Any additional information required by the individual shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
product specification, Terminology A751.
4.1.4 Supplementary requirements, 7.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be
4.1.5 Additional requirements (see 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.4, made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of
13.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.3, 13.5.2, 13.6, 15.8, and 19.1). those elements specified in the individual product specification.
4.1.6 Additional ordering options provided in the individual If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis
product specification, and shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one
4.1.7 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length, remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical analysis
finish, shape, threads, etc.). thus determined shall conform to the requirements of the
individual product specification. Product analysis (check
5. Melting Process analysis) tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysis
requirements.
5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual product
specification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use of the basic 7.3 Product Analysis—When performed, by manufacturer,
oxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall be
6 % chromium. taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts,
midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts,
5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations
it shall be stated on the purchase order. or from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical
5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas- composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting product specification, within the permissible tolerances found
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second- in Tables 5 and 6 of Specification A29/A29M and Table 1 of
ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the Specification A484/A484M as appropriate for the grade being
ingot remelted from a single primary heat. supplied. When multiple samples are taken from the same lot
for product analysis individual elements shall not vary both
5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast. above and below the specified range.
When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-
7.4 For continuous cast materials the requirements of 8.2 or
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steel
8.3, as appropriate, of Specification A788/A788M shall be met.
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
procedure that positively separates the grades. Should the 7.5 Steels with intentional additions of lead, bismuth, or
purchaser deem it necessary to have the transition zone of two tellurium shall not be supplied or used. Steels with intentional
heats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded, additions of selenium may only be supplied or used when
the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53. specifically called out in the product specification.
5.5 Quality—The steel producer quality control procedures 7.6 The starting material shall not contain any unspecified
shall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels in elements, other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels, for
accordance with Method E381 or other suitable method as the ordered grade(s) to the extent that it then conforms to the
agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assure requirements of another grade for which that element is a
the internal quality of the product. specified element having a required minimum content.
5.5.1 Ingot Cast Product—Visual examination of transverse 8. Mechanical Properties
sections shall show no imperfections worse than the macro-
8.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be con-
graphs of Method E381 S2-R2-C3 or equivalent as agreed
ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370
upon.
unless otherwise specified.
5.5.2 Strand Cast Product—Visual examination of traverse
sections in accordance with Method E381 shall reveal none of 8.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the
the conditions shown in macrographs 1-5, 7,12-18 of Plate III. product specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-
Conditions 6, 8-11 shall not be present to a degree greater than tained from the production material, or, in the case of forgings,
the macrographs of Plates I and II, S2-R2-C3. from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used
to make the finished product. Heat treatment shall be com-
6. Materials and Manufacture pleted prior to removal of material for mechanical testing.
8.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be of
6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-
the same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially the same
tions A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable. Finish (hot or
reduction and working as the production forging they repre-
cold, ground, rough turned, drawn, etc.) shall be at the option
sent, be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the
of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified.
same conditions as the production forging, and be of the same
6.2 Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the nominal thickness as the maximum heat treated thickness of
product specification. the production forging.

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 A962/A962M − 12
8.4 Bars—Tension and impact tests representing bar stock form and dimensions of the standard 2–in. [50–mm] gage
shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Annex length tension test specimen described in Test Methods and
A1 of Test Methods and Definitions A370. Impact tests are not Definitions A370.
required on bars 1⁄2 in. and under in diameter. 10.1.2 When the dimensions of the material to be tested do
8.5 Fasteners, Machined from Heat Treated Bar— not permit full size samples, small size specimens meeting the
Mechanical properties of fasteners machined from heat treated requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370 shall be
bar shall be represented by the tests run on the bar in used.
accordance with 8.4. 11. Proof Load and Cone Proof Requirements
8.6 Fasteners, All Classes—Produced by other methods— 11.1 Proof Load Test—Nuts shall be assembled on a
When fasteners have been produced by forming, when they threaded mandrel or a test bolt as illustrated in Fig. 1(a)
have been subjected to heat treatment, or when the nominal Tension Method or (b) Compression Method. The minimum
thread size falls into a different diameter range than that of the proof load required by the product specification shall be
starting bar as shown in the applicable specifications, then tests applied using a free running cross head speed of 1.0 in [25 mm]
shall be run on material taken from those fasteners. per minute maximum and shall be held for at least 10 s. The nut
8.6.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished fasteners shall resist this load without stripping or rupture, and shall be
shall be machined to the form and dimensions and from the removable by hand, without use of tooling, after the load is
positions shown in Annex A3 of Test Methods and Definitions released. A wrench may be used to loosen the nut one-half turn
A370. Impact tests are not required on material from externally maximum to start it in motion. The test shall be discarded if the
threaded fasteners when the thread diameter is 1⁄2 in. and threads of the mandrel or test bolt are damaged during the test.
under. 11.1.1 Mandrels shall have a hardness of 45 HRC minimum
9. Hardness Requirements with threads of the appropriate series and conforming to the
requirements of ASME B1.1 Class 3A or ASME B1.13M
9.1 The material shall conform to the hardness requirements tolerance 4H except that the maximum major diameter shall be
prescribed in the product specification. Hardness testing shall the minimum major diameter plus 0.25 times the major
be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions diameter tolerance.
A370. 11.1.2 The test bolt shall have threads appropriate to the
9.2 Tensile tests prevail over hardness tests in the event a standard specified for the nut being tested and shall have a
conflict exists relative to minimum strength unless otherwise yield strength in excess of the specified proof load of the nut
specified in the product specification. being tested.
11.1.3 The mandrel/tension method shall be used when
10. Tensile Requirements arbitration is required.
10.1 Bars and Specimens Machined From Fasteners—The 11.2 Cone Proof Load Test—This test is performed when
material shall conform to the tensile property requirements visible surface discontinuities become a matter of issue. The
prescribed in the product specification. test uses a conical washer and threaded mandrel to determine
10.1.1 When the dimensions of the material to be tested will the load-carrying ability of hardened steel nuts through 11⁄2 in.
permit, the tension test specimens shall be machined to the [36 mm] in diameter assembled as shown in Fig. 2. The

FIG. 1 Proof Load Testing—Nuts

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 A962/A962M − 12

FIG. 2 Cone-Proof Test

minimum cone proof load required by the product specification 13.2 Bars—Bars shall meet the dimensional requirements of
shall be applied using a free running cross head speed of 0.12 Specifications A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.
in. [3 mm] per minute maximum and shall be held for at least 13.3 Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Stud Bolts—Fastener points
10 s. The nut shall support its specified cone proof load without shall be flat and chamfered or rounded at the option of the
stripping or rupture. manufacturer. The length of the point on studs and stud bolts
11.2.1 Mandrels shall conform to the requirements of shall be not less than one nor more than two complete threads
11.1.1. as measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis. Length
11.2.2 Conical washers shall have a hardness of 57 HRC of studs and stud bolts shall be measured from first thread to
minimum and a hole diameter equivalent to the nominal first thread. Bolts, studs, and bolting material shall be capable
diameter of the mandrel +0.002, -0.000 in. [+0.05 and -0.00 of passing inspection in accordance with Specification F788/
mm]. F788M.
11.2.3 The contact point of the cone shall be sharp for nut 13.3.1 Hex Bolts—Unless otherwise specified in the pur-
sizes 1⁄2 in. [12 mm] or less. For sizes over 1⁄2 in.[12 mm] , the chase order heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions
point shall be flat and 0.015 6 0.001 in. [0.38 + 0.03 mm] in of ASME B18.2.1 or B18.2.3.6M and the Heavy Hex screw
width. series, should be used, except the maximum body diameter and
11.2.4 Cone proof loads may be determined as shown in radius of fillets may be the same as for the heavy hex bolt
Tables 1 and 2 when they are not specified in the product series. The body diameter and head fillet radius for sizes of
specification. heavy hex cap screws and bolts that are not shown in their
respective tables in the ASME specifications may be that
12. Impact Requirements
shown in the corresponding hex cap screw and bolt tables
12.1 The material shall conform to the impact requirements respectively.
prescribed in the product specification. 13.3.2 Socket Heads—Unless otherwise specified socket
12.2 Sampling for impact testing shall conform to the head fasteners shall be in accordance with ASME B18.3 or the
product specification. applicable metric series.
13.3.3 Studs and Stud Bolts—The dimensions and toler-
12.3 The impact test specimen shall have the form and
ances of studs and stud bolts shall be as specified by the
dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods and Definitions
purchaser or the product specification.
A370 for the Charpy V-notch specimen, Type A. The longitu-
dinal axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the direction of 13.4 External Threads—Threads shall either be formed after
rolling or, in the case of forgings, to the longest axis of the heat treatment or heat treatment shall be performed in atmo-
component the test bar represents. The notch shall be located sphere control furnaces.
on the test specimen surface which most closely approaches a 13.4.1 Thread Form—Unless otherwise specified external
radial direction. The base of the notch shall be as nearly as threads shall be in accordance with ASME B1.1, Class 2A fit,
practicable perpendicular to the longest axis of the component. or ASME B1.13M, Class 6G fit.
13.4.2 Inch Series—Sizes 1 in. and smaller in diameter shall
13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance be coarse thread series, and those 11⁄8 in. and larger in diameter
13.1 The parts shall conform to the dimensions, tolerances shall be eight pitch thread series, unless otherwise specified.
and finish as specified on the purchaser’s order or in the 13.5 Nuts—Unless otherwise specified nuts shall be hexago-
individual product specification. nal in shape and the American National Standard Heavy Hex

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 A962/A962M − 12
TABLE 1 Cone Proof Load Using 120° Hardened
Steel Cone—InchA
Cone Proof Load, lbf
Nominal Threads Stress Based on Proof Stress, psi, Shown in
Size, in. per inch Area, in.2 Column Header Below
120 000 130 000 135 000 150 000 175 000
⁄
14 28 0.0364 4050 4375 4550 5050 5900
1⁄ 4 20 0.0318 3525 3825 3975 4400 5150
5⁄16 24 0.0580 6300 6825 7100 7875 9200
5⁄16 18 0.0524 5700 6175 6400 7125 8300
3⁄ 8 24 0.0878 9350 10 125 10 525 11 700 13 625
3⁄ 8 16 0.0775 8250 8950 9300 10 300 12 050
7⁄16 20 0.1187 12 350 13 400 13 900 15 450 18 050
7⁄16 14 0.1063 11 100 12 000 12 450 13 850 16 150
1⁄ 2 20 0.1599 16 300 17 650 18 350 20 400 23 800
1⁄ 2 13 0.1419 14 500 15 700 16 300 18 100 21 100
9⁄16 18 0.203 20 200 21 900 22 800 25 300 29 500
9⁄16 12 0.182 18 200 19 700 20 400 22 700 26 500
5⁄ 8 18 0.256 25 000 27 000 28 100 31 200 36 400
5⁄ 8 11 0.226 22 000 23 900 24 800 27 500 32 100
3⁄ 4 16 0.373 34 700 37 600 39 000 43 400 50 600
3⁄ 4 10 0.334 31 000 33 600 35 000 38 800 45 200
7⁄ 8 14 0.509 45 000 48 800 50 600 56 400 65 600
7⁄ 8 9 0.462 40 800 44 200 46 000 51 200 59 600
1 12 0.663 55 600 60 400 62 600 69 600 81 200
1 8 0.606 51 000 55 200 57 200 63 600 74 200
1 1⁄ 8 12 0.856 68 000 73 800 76 600 85 000 99 200
1 1⁄ 8 8 0.790 62 800 68 000 70 600 78 600 91 600
1 1⁄ 8 7 0.763 60 750 65 750 68 250 75 750 88 500
1 1⁄ 4 12 1.073 80 500 87 250 90 500 100 500 117 250
1 1⁄ 4 8 1.000 75 000 81 250 84 250 93 750 109 250
1 1⁄ 4 7 0.969 72 750 78 750 81 750 90 750 106 000
1 3⁄ 8 12 1.315 92 750 100 500 104 250 116 000 135 250
1 3⁄ 8 8 1.233 87 000 94 250 98 000 108 750 126 750
1 3⁄ 8 6 1.155 81 500 88 250 91 500 101 750 118 750
1 1⁄ 2 12 1.581 104 250 113 000 117 500 130 500 152 250
1 1⁄ 2 8 1.492 98 500 106 750 110 750 123 000 143 500
1 1⁄ 2 6 1.405 92 750 100 500 104 250 116 000 135 250
A
Based upon the following equation (this equation should not be used for
extrapolating values beyond the size ranges listed in this table) and rounded to
nearest 1⁄2 ksi equivalent:
CPL 5 s 1 2 0.30D d 3 f 3 As

where:
CPL = cone stripping proof load, lbf.,
D = nominal diameter of nut, in.,
f = minimum proof stress of nut, psi.,
As = tensile stress area of nut, in2 = 0.7854 [D - 0.9743/n] 2, and
n = threads per inch.

Series shall be used. In addition nuts shall either be double shall not exceed the limits shown in Test Method F2328 Class
chamfered or have a machined or forged washer face, at the 3, regardless of grade being tested.
option of the manufacturer, and shall conform to the angularity
14.2 Test Method—Decarburization test shall be performed
requirements of the applicable ASME specification.
in accordance with Test Method F2328 or F2328M as appli-
13.5.1 Thread—Unless otherwise specified threads in nuts
cable.
shall be in accordance with ASME B1.1 Class 2B fit or
B1.13M Class 6H fit, and shall be gaged in accordance with 14.3 Decarburization test only applies to carbon and alloy
ASME B1.2 or B1.3M steel fasteners.
13.5.2 Inch Series—Unless otherwise specified, nuts up to
and including 1 in. in diameter shall be UNC Series Class 2B 15. Number of Tests
fit and nuts over 1 in. nominal size shall be 8 UN Series Class
15.1 Chemical Analysis—One test per heat.
2B fit.
13.6 If a scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be 15.2 Tension Tests, Bar, Rod, or Wire or Fasteners, or Both,
specified on the purchase order. Machined from Heat Treated Bar, Rod or Wire—One test per
lot (see 3.1.7).
14. Decarburization 15.3 Tension Tests, Fasteners Produced as Defined in
14.1 Depth—The depth of decarburization (total + partial) 8.6—The number of machined specimens or full size fasteners
shall be determined after completion of all heat treatment and tested shall be as follows:

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 A962/A962M − 12
TABLE 2 Cone Proof Load Using 120° Hardened
Steel Cone—MetricA
Cone Proof Load, kN
Nominal Thread Stress Based on Proof Stress Shown in
Size, mm Pitch Area, mm2 Column Header Below
825 895 930 1035 1205
MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
M6 1 20.1 15.4 16.7 17.4 19.3 22.5
M8 1.25 36.6 27.3 29.6 30.8 34.3 39.9
M10 1.5 58.0 42.1 45.7 47.5 52.8 61.5
M12 1.75 84.3 59.5 64.5 67 74.5 87
M14 2 115 79 86 89.5 99.5 115.5
M16 2 157 104.5 113.5 117.5 131 152.5
M20 2.5 245 153 167 173 193 224
M22 2.5 303 184 200 208 231 269
M24 3 353 207 224 233 260 302
M27 3 459 256 278 289 322 374
M30 3.5 561 296 322 334 372 432
M36 4 817 382 416 432 480 558
A
Based upon the following equation (this equation should not be used for
extrapolating values beyond the size ranges listed in this table) and rounded to
nearest 3.5 MPa equivalent:
CPL 5 s 1 2 0.012D d 3 f 3 As 3 0.001

where:
CPL = Cone stripping proof load, kN,
D = Nominal diameter of nut, mm,
f = Minimum proof stress of nut, MPa,
As = Tensile stress area of nut, mm2 = 0.7854 [D - 0.9382P] 2, and
P = Thread pitch, mm.

Lot Size (pc) Sample Size to ruptures, cracks, or flakes in the steel. Retesting shall be
50 and less 2 performed on twice the number of samples originally specified.
51 to 500 3
501 to 35 000 5 16.2 When the impact test acceptance requirements of the
Over 35 000 8 specification are not met, one retest of three additional speci-
15.4 Decarburization Test, Carbon and Alloy Steel, Fasten- mens from the same test location may be performed. Each
ers Produced as Defined in 8.6 and Studs Machined from Cold individual test value of the retested specimens shall be equal to
or Hot Rolled and Heat Treated Bar Whose Diameter Prior to or greater than the specified minimum average value.
Machining Threads is Within 0.06 in. [1.5 mm] in Diameter of 16.3 Repair by welding is prohibited.
the Maximum Thread Diameter—One test per lot (see 3.1.7).
15.5 Hardness Tests: 17. Inspection
15.5.1 Hardness Tests, Bar, Rod, or Wire—One test per lot. 17.1 The supplier shall afford the purchaser’s inspector all
15.5.2 Hardness Tests, Fasteners—The number of fasteners reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material
hardness tested per lot, regardless of production technique, is being produced and furnished in accordance with this
shall be as shown in 15.3. specification and the applicable product specification. Site
15.6 Macroetch, Carbon and Alloy Steels Only—One test inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily
per lot. A lot in this case is defined as a single diameter of a with the supplier’s operations.
single heat or the largest diameter of a single heat. 17.2 Personnel performing the nondestructive examination
15.7 Impact Tests—Three impact test specimens shall be shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a written
made for each lot when impact testing is required by the procedure conforming to ASNT Recommended Practice No.
product specification. SNT-TC-1A (1988 or later) or another national standard that is
acceptable to both the purchaser and the supplier.
15.8 Other Tests—The number of tests shall be as specified
by the purchaser or the individual product specification.
18. Rejection and Rehearing
16. Retests and Rework 18.1 Samples representing material rejected by the pur-
16.1 If the results of any tension test do not conform to the chaser shall be preserved until disposition of the claim has been
requirements specified in the product specification, retests are agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser.
permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions A370. If
the results of a tension test are less than specified because a 19. Certification
flaw becomes evident in the test specimen during testing, a 19.1 Certification shall include a statement that the material
retest shall be allowed provided that the flaw is not attributable or parts, or both, were manufactured, sampled, tested, and

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 A962/A962M − 12
inspected in accordance with the requirements of the individual wrenchability or become damaged during tightening to the
product specification, including the specification number, year extent that legibility is lost. Products shall not be marked on the
date of issue, grade symbol, and manufacturer’s identification bearing surface or be marked in a way that alters the dimen-
symbol. In addition, the certification shall include the results of sions or geometric characteristics of the bearing surface.
all tests required by this specification, the product specification, 20.4 Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall
and the purchase order. The supplier shall provide additional be applied to all nuts regardless of size.
specific information as required by the product specification or
purchase order. 20.5 Hollow forgings shall be marked with the heat number
or heat symbol and grade.
19.2 A certificate printed from or used in electronic form
from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be 20.6 When product is altered in a manner which changes
regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in specified requirements, it is the responsibility of the current
the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted certifying organization to ensure that the product marking is
document shall also conform to any existing EDI agreement appropriately revised. This includes the removal of the name or
between the purchaser and the supplier. symbol of the previous certifying organization.
19.3 Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the orga- 20.7 For purposes of product marking and test reports, the
nization submitting either the EDI transmission or paper copies manufacturer is considered the organization that certifies the
of certificates of test is responsible for the content of the report. fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in
accordance with the specification and the results have been
20. Product Marking determined to meet the requirements of the specification.
20.1 Bars shall be marked in accordance with Specifications 20.8 Dual Marking—Product that meets all requirements of
A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable. Bolting materials, more than one grade within or between product specifications
including threaded bar, furnished bundled and tagged, shall may be marked with both grade markings. The dual marking
carry the grade symbol for the material and the manufacturer’s shall consist of the complete marking requirement for each
identification symbol or name. Marking of individual bars is grade, as required by the product specification, separated by a
not required as long as the bars are bundled and tagged or slash. For example, for Grade A193 B7 and A320 L7, the dual
boxed. marking would be B7/L7.
20.2 Bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identifi-
cation method. Coding should be consistent with AIAG B-5 21. Packaging, Package Marking and Loading for
02.00. If used on small items, the bar coding may be applied to Shipment
the box or a substantially applied tag. 21.1 Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be
20.3 Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall in accordance with Practices A700.
be applied to one end of studs 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and
larger and to the heads of bolts and screws 1⁄4 in [6 mm] in 22. Keywords
diameter and larger. If the available area is inadequate, the 22.1 austenitic stainless steel; bolts, steel; fasteners, steel;
grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufactur- nickel alloy bolting; nuts, steel; pressure vessel service;
er’s identification symbol marked on the other end of studs. screws; stainless steel bolting; steel bars, alloy; steel bars,
Bolts and screws shall preferably be marked on top of the head. carbon; steel bars, stainless; steel bolting; studs; temperature
When necessary, bolts and screws may be marked on the side service applications, high; temperature service applications,
of the head provided the marking does not interfere with low; turbine materials; washers

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by
the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order, in which event the specified tests shall be made before
shipment of the product.

S50. Product Marking S51. Stress Relieving

S50.1 Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols S51.1 A stress relieving operation shall follow straightening
shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts of after heat treatment. The minimum stress relieving temperature
all sizes. If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol shall be 100 °F [55 °C] below the tempering temperature. Tests
may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s identifica- for mechanical properties shall be performed after stress
tion symbol marked on the other end. relieving.

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 A962/A962M − 12
S52. Heat Analysis S55. Magnetic Particle Examination
S52.1 An analysis of each remelt ingot shall be made by the S55.1 The wet fluorescent magnetic particle examination
steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of those method shall be applied to 100 % of the lot in accordance with
elements specified in the individual product specification. The Practice E1444. Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with
chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require- S57.
ments of the individual product specification. S56. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S53. Sequential or Continuous Strand Casting S56.1 The fluorescent liquid penetrant examination method
shall be applied to 100 % of the lot in accordance with Practice
S53.1 When multiple heats of the same chemical compo- E1417. Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with S57.
sition range are sequentially strand cast, the heats shall be
separated by an established procedure such that intermix S57. Acceptance Criteria
material shall not be supplied. S57.1 Only indications, which have a dimension greater
than 1⁄16 in., shall be considered relevant. A linear indication is
S54. Bolting for Dynamic Service one having a length greater than three times the width. A
rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a
S54.1 Bolting for dynamic service shall be examined for
length equal to or less than three times the width. All surfaces
surface discontinuities and decarburization.
examined shall be free of the following:
S54.2 Surface Discontinuities S57.1.1 Relevant linear indications;
S54.2.1 The surface discontinuities shall conform to Speci- S57.1.2 Relevant rounded indications greater than 3⁄16 in.;
fication F788/F788M and the additional limitations in S54.2.2. and,
S54.2.2 Thread lap inspection shall be performed in accor- S57.1.3 Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line
dance with Specification F788/F788M Supplementary Re- separated by 1⁄16 in. or less, edge to edge.
quirement S50. The threads shall have no laps at the root, or on
the flanks initiating or extending below the pitch line. S58. Positive Material Identification Examination
S54.2.3 Quench cracks of any depth, any length, or in any S58.1 Bolting shall receive Positive Material Identification
location are not permitted. to ensure that the purchaser is receiving bolting of the correct
S54.2.4 Folds at the junction of the head and the shank are material grade prior to shipment of the bolting. This examina-
not permitted. tion is a method to assure that no material grade mix-up has
S54.3 Decarburization happened during manufacturing and marking of bolting.
S54.3.1 Decarburization tests shall be conducted as follows, S58.2 Bolting shall receive a Positive Material Identifica-
with the same number of tests as the tension test: tion examination by Guide E1916.
S54.3.2 Section the thread area longitudinally through the S58.3 The quantity examined shall be 100 % of the bolting.
axis, and mount and polish the cut face in accordance with S58.4 All bolting that are not of the correct material grade
Practice E3. Use either optical or microhardness measurements shall be rejected.
for decarburization. In case of dispute, the microhardness S58.5 The method of bolting marking after examination
method shall be used. shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
S54.3.3 For optical measurement, etch the metallographic S59. Pressure Equipment Directive—Mechanical Testing
section in 4 % Nital. Examine the surface of the etched sample S59.1 Charpy impact testing shall be done at the lowest
under a microscope at 100X using a measuring eyepiece scheduled operating temperature, but not higher than 20 °C (68
graduated in 0.001 in. (0.03 mm) increments, or on a ground °F).
glass screen or photomicrograph. There shall be no gross S59.2 The frequency of impact testing shall be the same as
decarburization (clearly defined ferrite grains), and the depth of that specified in the product specification for the tension test,
partial decarburization (light etching zone) anywhere below the with three individual Charpy test specimens for each required
pitch line shall be less than 5 % of the nominal thread height. tension test.
S54.3.4 For microhardness measurement, make hardness S59.3 The minimum individual energy for the Charpy
tests in accordance with Test Method E384 on unetched impact test shall be 20 ft-lb [27 J].
metallographic sections using either a DPH 136° indenter and S59.4 The minimum elongation in the tension test shall be
a 200-gf load, or a Knoop indenter and a 200-gf load. Take measured on a gage length of five times the diameter of the test
measurements at the minor diameter on the thread crest specimen, and shall not be less than 14 %.
bisector to determine the base metal hardness. On the same or S59.5 Impact and tension test results shall be included in the
an adjacent thread, take measurements within 0.003 in. (0.08 product certification.
mm) of the flank surface at the pitch line, and 0.003 in. (0.08
mm) below the thread root. These two hardness readings shall S60. Heat Treat Charts
be equal to or greater than the base metal hardness minus 30 S60.1 The supplier shall provide heat treat charts as a part of
DPH or KHN. the order documentation.

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 A962/A962M − 12
ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS

A1.1 New materials may be proposed for inclusion in A1.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
specifications referencing this Specification of General Re- required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
quirements subject to the following conditions: minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
A1.1.1 Application for the addition of a new grade to a from a different heat, shall be furnished.
specification shall be made to the chairman of the subcommit- A1.1.4 The application shall provide recommendations for
tee which has jurisdiction over that specification.
all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
A1.1.2 The application shall be accompanied by a statement
from at least one user indicating that there is a need for the new A1.1.5 The application shall state whether the new grade is
grade to be included in the applicable specification. covered by patent.

A2. CHANGES TO EXISTING GRADES

A2.1 When changes such as chemistry, heat treatment, or

processing, or combinations thereof are proposed for grades in
specifications under the purview of A01.22, it is the purview of
the subcommittee to request additional data/tests. Testing
required may include, but is not limited to, stress rupture,
tensile, impact, and stress relaxation in order to validate that
the changes have not adversely impacted those properties, even
though the testing may not normally be required by the
standard.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A962/A962M–11a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 15, 2012).

(1) Added new Supplemental Requirement S60.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A962/A962M–11, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 1, 2011).

(1) Updated certification and marking to distinguish between

grade symbol and manufactuer’s identification symbol.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A962/A962M–10, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2011).

(1) Revised Section 14 for clarity and to add reference to Test

Method F2328.

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 A962/A962M − 12
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