NEPAL NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

DRAFT FINAL NBC 205: 2012

READY TO USE DETAILINGS

REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
WITHOUT MASONRY INFILL

Government of Nepal
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
2069
NEPAL NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
DRAFT FINAL NBC 205 : 2012

READY TO USE DETAILINGS

REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
WITHOUT MASONRY INFILL

This publication represents a standard of good practice and therefore

takes the form of recommendations. Compliance with it does not confer
immunity from relevant legal requirements, including bylaws

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Government of Nepal
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
 i

Preface to the second ediition

Should be written by DUDBC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

0 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 4
0..1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4
0..2 Objective ........................................................................................................................... 4
0..3 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 4
0..4 Alternative Materials and Construction............................................................................ 4
0..5 What is a Pre-Engineered Building ? ............................................................................... 5

1. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Related Standards.............................................................................................................. 1

2. Interpretation ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Terminology ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Symbols ............................................................................................................................. 5

3. Selection and Investigation of Site ........................................................................................................ 6

3.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Use of Local Knowledge .................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Site Investigation Requirements ....................................................................................... 6
3.4 Allowable Bearing Pressure.............................................................................................. 6

4. The Building Structure........................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Description ........................................................................................................................ 8
4.2 Restrictions on the Structural Layout ............................................................................... 8

5. Construction Materials......................................................................................................................... 10
5.1 Concrete .......................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Brickwork........................................................................................................................ 10
5.3 Reinforcing Steel Bars .................................................................................................... 11

6 Design Procedure .................................................................................................................................. 12

6.1 Procedure Outline ........................................................................................................... 12
6.2 Total Horizontal Seismic Base Shear ............................................................................. 12
6.2.1 Design Seismic Coefficient............................................................................... 12
6.3 Distributing Total Horizontal Seismic Base Shear ........................................................ 13

7. Design of the Frames ........................................................................................................................... 14

7.1 Frames ............................................................................................................................. 14

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7.3 Frame Design .................................................................................................................. 14

7.3.1 Basis of Recommendations .............................................................................. 14
7.3.2 Recommended Members Sizes and Minimum Reinforcement ................... 15

8. Reinforcing Non-load Bearing Walls .................................................................................................. 33

8.1 Between Framing Columns ......................................................................................... 33
8.1.1 Solid Walls......................................................................................................... 33
8.1.2 Walls with Openings ........................................................................................ 33
8.2 Outside Framing Columns .............................................................................................. 33

9. Parapets ................................................................................................................................................ 37
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 37
9.2 Flower Pots ..................................................................................................................... 38

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0. Foreword

0.1 Introduction

For the last 30 to 35 years there has been a proliferation of reinforced concrete
(RC) framed buildings constructed in the urban and semi-urban areas of
Nepal. Most of these buildings have been built on the advice of mid-level
technicians and masons without any professional structural design input.
These buildings have been found to be significantly vulnerable to a level of
earthquake shaking that has a reasonable chance of happening in Nepal.
Hence, these buildings, even though built with modern materials, could be a
major cause of loss of life in future earthquakes. Upgrading the structural
quality of future buildings of this type is essential in order to minimise the
possible loss of life due to their structural failure.

0.2 Objective

The main objective of these Ready to Use Detailings (RUD) is to provide

ready-to-use dimensions and details for various structural and non-structural
elements for up to three-storey reinforced concrete (RC), framed, ordinary
residential buildings commonly being built by owner-builders in Nepal. Their
purpose is to replace the non-engineered construction presently adopted with
pre-engineered construction so as to achieve the minimum seismic safety
requirements specified by NBC 105

This RUD is intended to cater primarily to the requirements of mid-level

technicians (overseers and draughtspersons) who are not trained to undertake
independently the structural design of buildings.

0.3 Limitations

The requirements set forth in this standard shall be applicable only for
buildings complying with the specified limitations. The intention is to achieve
a minimum acceptable structural safety, even though it is always preferable to
undertake specific investigations and design. Owners and builders are,
however, encouraged to use the services of competent professional designers
for better economy and tailor-made detailing. In such cases, the requirements
stated here could be construed as advisory.

0.4 Alternative Materials and Construction

The provisions of this Standard are not intended to prevent the use of
alternative materials and methods of construction if such materials and
methods are specifically prescribed by competent professional designers or
other competent authorities equivalent to, or better than, those specified here.

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0.5 What is a Pre-Engineered Building ?

A pre-engineered building is one which uses the sizes and detailing of

structural and non-structural elements, including the amounts of
reinforcement, which have been pre-established using standard design
procedures for a given condition. All buildings constructed by following the
requirements of this RUD could, in future, be called pre-engineered buildings.

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1 Scope

1.1 General

1.1.1 This RUD addresses the particular requirements of those RC-framed

buildings which have become very common with owner-builders, who
even undertake the construction of this type of buildings without
employing professional designers. However, the users of this RUD are
required to comply with certain restrictions with respect to building
configuration, layout and overall height and size.

1.1.2 The RUD is intended for buildings of the regular column-beam type with
reinforced concrete slabs for floors and the roof. The walls are assumed
to be of burnt bricks, or hollow concrete or other rectangular blocks
whose density will not exceed that of burnt bricks. Here, all the
calculations are based on solid clay burnt bricks. These can be replaced
by the above described blocks. The buildings have to comply with
certain limitations listed in Clause 4.1, 4.2.

1.1.3 The RUD presents ready-to-use designs for all structural components,
including detailing of structural as well as non-structural members for the
specified building type.

1.1.4 Proportioning of structural components represented in RUD is for

ordinary residential buildings located in most severe seismic zone
(Figure 1.1).

1.1.5 The building could, of course, be alternatively designed using the usual
design standards for engineered structures. The design procedures here
are simplified in order both to save design time and to help owner-
builders to adopt the recommended design and details so that they will
achieve earthquake-resistant structures.

1.2 Related Standards

The requirements of this RUD are based on the following standards and
documents. Compliance with this RUD will, therefore, result in compliance
with these Standards :

i) IS 456-2000 : (Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete)

ii) S.P. 16 –1980: Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978.

iii) NBC 102/NBC 103: (Draft Nepal Standard for Design Loads.;

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iv) NBC 105: (Code for Seismic Design)

v) IS 13920-1994: (Ductile detailing code)

0.8

Zone C 0.8

0.9
Zone A Zone B

1.0

1.0

0.8 Kathmandu
Zone B
Zone C 0.9 Zone A

Figure 1.1 : Seismic Zoning Map of Nepal for this RUD

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2 Interpretation

2.1 General

2.1.1 In this RUD, the word `shall' indicates a requirement that is to be adopted
in order to comply with the provision of this document, while the word
`should' indicates recommended practice.

2.1.2 References to `Code' indicate Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

(NBC 105).

2.1.3 Words implying the singular only also include the plural and vice versa
where the context requires this.

2.2 Terminology

In this Standard, unless inconsistent with the context, the following definitions
shall apply:

ADDITIONAL BARS means the longitudinal bars that shall be provided in

addition to regular bars at supports as top bars and at mid-span as bottom bars of
a beam.

CHAIR means an element made of steel bar which is used to maintain the
vertical distances between top and bottom bars in slabs.

DEAD LOAD means the weight of all permanent components of a building

including walls, partitions, columns, floors, roofs, finishes and fixed plant and
fittings that are an integral part of the structure.

DESIGN means use of rational computational or experimental methods in

accordance with the established principles of structural mechanics.

DIAPHRAGM means a member composed of a web (such as a floor or roof

slab), or a truss which distributes forces to the horizontal load-resisting system.

DUCTILITY means the ability of the building or member to undergo repeated

and reversing inelastic deflection beyond the point of first yield while
maintaining a substantial proportion of its initial maximum load-carrying
capacity.

FRAME means a system composed of interconnected members functioning as a

complete self-contained unit with or without the aid of horizontal diaphragms or
floor-bracing systems.

HORIZONTAL LOAD-RESISTING SYSTEM means that part of the

structural system to which the horizontal loads prescribed by this Standard are
assigned.

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IMPORTANT BUILDINGS means those buildings which either house

facilities essential before and after a disaster (eg., hospitals, fire and police
stations, communication centres, etc.), or which by their very purpose have to
house large numbers of people at one time (eg., cinema halls, schools,
convention centres, etc.), or which have special national and international
importance (eg., palaces, etc.), or which house hazardous facilities (eg., toxic or
explosive facilities, etc.).
LANDSLIDE means the downward and outward movement of slope-forming
materials.
LIQUEFACTION means the phenomenon in which relatively loose, saturated
sandy soils lose a large proportion of their strength under seismic shaking.

LEVEL OF LOCAL RESTRAINT means the level at which the ground

motion of the earthquake is transmitted to the structure by interaction between
the foundation materials and the foundation elements by friction and bearing.

LIVE LOAD means the load assumed or known to result from the occupancy or
use of a building and includes the loads on floors, loads on roofs other than
wind, loads on balustrades and loads from movable goods, machinery, and plant
that are not an integral part of the structure and may be changed during the life of
the building with a resultant change in floor or roof loading.

LUMPED MASS means the theoretical concentration of the mass of adjacent

upper and lower half storeys at any floor level.

MASONRY INFILL WALL means any structural wall constructed in brick

with cement sand mortar inside the frame and intended to carry horizontal load
by equivalent compression strut action.

NON-LOAD BEARING WALL means any wall which is not intended to carry
any significant external loads and which functions just as a cladding, partition
wall or filler wall.

ORDINARY BUILDING means any building which is not an important

building (eg., residential, general commercial, ordinary offices, etc.).

REGULAR BARS means the bars that shall run continually parallel to the walls
of a beam to form a cage. The minimum number of regular bars in a beam is
four.

SHORT COLUMN means a column whose effective length is reduced due to

the sandwiching effect of a window sill wall spanning between two adjacent
columns. The column effectively spans between lintel and sill level.

SOFT STOREY means a storey having a sudden decrease in its lateral stiffness
compared to the adjacent upper storey.

STOREY means the space between two adjacent floors or platforms.

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2.3 Symbols
A Maximum horizontal length of building
As Area of steel bar

B Maximum horizontal width of building

Cd Design seismic coefficient

D Lateral stiffness of column

fck Characteristic compressive strength of concrete

Fi Horizontal seismic force applied at level i

fy Characteristic strength of steel

hi Height of the level i above the lateral restraint imposed by ground

K1, K2 Plan length of structural wings

K Steel grade Fe550 (high-strength, cold-worked)

Kc Stiffness ratio of column (moment of inertial divided by its

length)

l Centre-to-centre span of beam

M Steel grade Fe250 (mild steel)

RC Reinforced cement concrete

te Thickness at the edge of the pad foundation

tm Maximum thickness of the pad foundation

T Steel grade Fe415 (high-strength, cold-worked)

V Total horizontal seismic base shear

Vij Horizontal load carried by a column line j at level i

Wi Proportion of the Wt at a particular level i

Wt Total of the vertical dead loads and appropriate live loads above
the level of lateral restraint provided by the ground

φ Diameter of steel bar

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3 Selection and Investigation of Site

3.1 General

This section sets out some of the requirements to be considered during site
selection for the construction of buildings in order to minimise the risks to the
buildings from primary geological as well as secondary seismic hazards such as
fault rupture, landslides and liquefaction. A building shall not be constructed if
the proposed site is :

- Water-logged
- A rock-falling area
- A landslide-prone area
- A subsidence and/or fill area
- A river bed or swamp area

3.2 Use of Local Knowledge

It is a good practice during the construction of a building to examine the existing

local knowledge and the history of the performance of existing buildings. This
will assist in identifying whether there is any danger from inherent natural
susceptibilities of the land to the processes of sliding, erosion, land subsidence
and liquefaction during the past earthquakes or any other natural/geological
processes likely to threaten the integrity of the building. The local practice of
managing such hazards, if any, should be judged against the required level of
acceptable risk.

3.3 Site Investigation Requirements

Site exploration shall be carried out by digging test pits, two as a minimum, and
more if the subsurface soil condition shows a significant variation in soil type.

Generally, the minimum depth of exploration for a building covered by this

RUD shall be 2 m. In hilly areas, exploration up to the depth of sound bed-rock,
if it lies shallower than 2 m, should suffice.

No exploration shall be required if the site is located on rock or on fluvial

terraces (Tar) with boulder beds.

The soils encountered in the test pits should be classified as per Table 3.1.

3.4 Allowable Bearing Pressure

The allowable bearing pressure that can be used is given in Table 3.1 in
conjunction with the visual classification of the subsurface soil type.

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TABLE 3.1 : FOUNDATION SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND SAFE BEARING

CAPACITY

Foundation Presumed Safe

Type of Foundation Materials Classification Bearing
Capacity, kN/m2
1. Rocks in different state of Hard ≥ 200
weathering, boulder bed,
gravel, sandy gravel and sand-
gravel mixture, dense or loose
coarse to medium sand
offering high resistance to
penetration when excavated by
tools, stiff to medium clay
which is readily indented with
a thumb nail.
2. Fine sand and silt (dry lumps Medium ≥ 150 and
easily pulverised by the < 200
finger), moist clay and sand-
clay mixture which can be
indented with strong thumb
pressure
3. Fine sand, loose and dry; soft Soft ≥ 100 and
clay indented with moderate < 150
thumb pressure
4. Very soft clay which can be Weak ≥ 50 and
penetrated several centimetres < 100
with the thumb, wet clays

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4 The Building Structure

4.1 Description

The structure is a reinforced concrete frame without any contribution of masonry

infill walls in resisting the vertical or seismic loads. The frame shall comply
with Clause 4.1, 4.2 and be designed to resist earthquake forces as a bare frame.

4.2 Restrictions on the Structural Layout

For a structure to be built using this RUD, it shall comply with the restrictions
set out below. If the structure does not comply, it must be designed in
accordance with the Standards referred to in Clause 1.2 or latest appropriate
standard.

The restrictions are:

CONDITIONS FOR DETAILED DIMENSIONS

A and B ≤ 25.0 m
B/3 ≤ A ≤ 3 x B
axb ≤ 13.5 sq. m.
a, b ≤ 4.5 m
a, b ≥ 2.1 m
A or B ≤ 6 bays

Figure 4.1: Reinforced Concrete Frame

(a) Neither A nor B shall exceed 6 bays in length nor 25 metres. Each bay shall not exceed
4.5 m, as shown in Figure 4.1.

[Note: 1. Openings can be provided as per functional/architectural

requirements.

2. Foundation is not shown.]

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(b) A shall be not greater than 3 B nor less than B/3.

(c) Neither H/A nor H/B shall exceed 3.

(e) The maximum height of the structure is 11 m or 3 storeys, whichever is

less, from the level of lateral restraint. Within an 11 m height, there may
be an additional storey of smaller plan area. The area of this shall not
exceed 25 % of the area of a typical floor, as given in Figure 4.1. If this
limit is exceeded, it shall be considered as an additional storey and not
permitted.

(f) The length of wings on the structure shall be restricted such that K1 and
K2 shall be less than the lesser of 0.15 A or 0.15 B. The width of the
wings shall be restricted as shown in Figure 4.2. The plan shape of the
building excluding wings shall be rectangular.

(g) All columns resisting lateral load shall be vertical and shall continue on
the same centreline down to foundation level. The top storey may,
however, be smaller or have a different geometry subject to the
provisions of subparagraph (e) above

<K2/2
k2
A or B

A or B
A or B
k1

k1

k1
<K1/2 <K1/2 <K1/2

K1, K2 < 0.15 A or 0.15B, whichever is less.

Figure 4.2: Restrictions on Plan Projection

(h) No walls except a parapet wall shall be built on a cantilevered slab. Such
walls shall be constructed only if the cantilevered slab is framed with
beams.

(i) The foundation shall be at a uniform level.

(j) Buildings shall not have a soft storey.

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(k) The size of cantilever projection should not exceed 1 metre.

5 Construction Materials

5.1 Concrete

The concrete to be used in footings, columns, beams and slabs, etc., shall have a
minimum crushing strength of 20 N/mm² (1:1.5:3) at 28 days for a 150 mm
cube.
Cement: Cement shall be as fresh as possible. Any cement stored for more than
two months from the date of receipt from the factory should either be avoided or
tested and used only if the test results are found to be satisfactory. Any cement
which has deteriorated or hardened shall not be used. All cement used shall be
Ordinary Portland Cement meeting the requirements of NS : 049-2041. It is
advisable to use cement which has obtained the NS mark if independent tests are
not carried out.
Coarse Aggregates: Coarse aggregates shall consist of crushed or broken stone
and shall be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean, of proper grading and free from
any coating likely to prevent the adhesion of mortar. The aggregate shall be
generally angular in shape. As far as possible, flaky, elongated pieces shall be
avoided. The aggregate shall conform to the requirements of IS: 383-1970 and
IS: 515-1959.

The coarse aggregates shall be of following sizes:

(a) Normal cement concrete with a thickness of 100 mm and above - graded
from 20 mm downwards

(b) Cement concrete from 40 mm to 100 mm thick - graded from 12 mm

downwards

Sand: Sand shall consist of a siliceous material having hard strong, durable,
uncoated particles. It shall be free from undesirable amounts of dust lumps, soft
or flaky particles, shale, salts, organic matter, loam, mica or other deleterious
substances. In no case shall the total of all the undesirable substances exceed
five percent by weight.

[Note: Refer to the construction guidelines]

5.2 Brickwork

The brick masonry shall be built with the usually specified care regarding pre-
soaking of bricks in water, level bedding of planes fully covered with mortar,
vertical joints broken from course to course and their filling with mortar fully.

Bricks: The bricks shall be of a standard rectangular shape, burnt red, hand-
formed or machine-made, and of crushing strength not less than 3.5 N/mm². The
higher the density and the strength, the better they will be. The standard brick
size of 230 x 115 x 57 mm with 10 mm thick horizontal and vertical mortar

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joints is preferable. Tolerances of -10 mm on length, -5 mm on width and ±3

mm on thickness shall be acceptable for the purpose of thick walls in this RUD.

Wall Thickness: A minimum thickness of one half-brick and a maximum

thickness of one brick shall be used.

Mortar: Cement-sand mixes of 1:6 and 1:4 shall be adopted for one-brick and
half-brick thick walls, respectively. The addition to the mortars of small
quantities of freshly hydrated lime in a ratio of ¼ to ½ of the cement will greatly
increase their plasticity without reducing their strength. Hence, the addition of
lime within these limits is encouraged.

Plaster: All plasters should have a cement-sand mix not leaner than 1:6. They
shall have a minimum 28 days cube crushing strength of 3 N/mm².

5.3 Reinforcing Steel Bars

Reinforcing steel shall be clean and free of loose mill-scale, dust, loose rust and
coats of paints, oil, grease or other coatings, which may impair or reduce bond.
It shall conform to the following NS or IS specifications.

High-strength deformed bars conforming to IS: 1139-1966 or NS :191-2046 with

fy = 415 N/mm² shall be used for reinforcing all masonry and concrete.

However, high strength deformed steel bars, produced by the

thermo-mechanical treatment process, of grades Fe 500 and Fe 550, having
elongation more than 14.5 percent and conforming to other requirements of IS
1786 : 2008 may also be used for the reinforcement. {Ref IS13920; Cl 5.3}

[Note: 1. in the presentation of this RUD, fy = 415 N/mm², 500 N/mm² steel is
assumed for main bars in beams and columns. For using any other
steel with lower values of fy, the steel area shall be correspondingly
increased.

2. High-strength steel bars having fy= 550 N/mm² may only be used as
reinforcement in slabs.

3. 7 φ bars steel grade Fe550 can be replaced by 8 φ bars of steel grade

Fe415.

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6 Design Procedure Adopted

6.1 Procedure Outline

The simplified design procedure comprises the following stages:

a) Conforming that the building plan meets the structural layout restrictions (Clause 4.1,
4.2).

b) Calculation of total horizontal seismic base shear on the building using 500 years
return period response spectrum

c) Preparations of 3D numerical model of the building

d) Distribution of total horizontal seismic base shear up the height of the building (Clause
6.3).

e) Developing Envelop force diagram of beam and design of beam as per IS456,2000
f) Design of Column for outputs of critical load combinations
g) Check for strong column weak beam actions
h) Check for joint shear force

i) Detailing of the structural elements :

i. The frame (Clauses 7.1 – 7.3)

ii. Recommendation for minimum Sizes and reinforcement (Clause 7.3.2)

j) Reinforcing of non-load-bearing walls (Section 8)

k) Reinforcing of parapets (Section 9)

l) Reinforcing of foundations

6.2 Total Horizontal Seismic Base Shear

The structure shall be designed to withstand a total horizontal seismic base shear,
V, calculated in accordance with the formula:

V = Cd x Wt (6.1)
Where,

Wt is the combination of the total vertical dead load and 25 % of the live
loads above the level of lateral restraint provided by the ground.

6.2.1 Design Seismic Coefficient1

1
Seismic coefficients are in accordance with NBC 105with modified Response
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The design seismic coefficients, Cd, for the design of frames without
masonry in-fills in the zones shown in Figure 1.1 are:

Zone A = 0.09 Zone B = 0.08, Zone C = 0.072

Where a building location lies close to a zone boundary so that its

particular zone is uncertain, then the building shall be assumed to fall in
the zone requiring the higher value of basic seismic coefficient.

The detailing presented in this building code is based upon the Cd = 0.09
and generalised for all other zone also.

6.3 Distributing Total Horizontal Seismic Base Shear

The total horizontal base shear, V, shall be distributed up the height of the
building in accordance with the formula (refer to Figure 6.1):

 Wt hi 
Ft = V   (6-2)
 ∑ Wt hi 
 i 

Where,

Fi is the load applied at the level designated as i.

Wi is the proportion of Wt at ith level.

hi is the height of level i above of level of lateral restraint imposed by the

ground.

F4
i th FLOOR

F3

F2
h1

F1

spectra from 300 year Return period to 500 year return period , for ductile frames
of normal importance on a medium grade of soil.

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Figure 6.1 : Floor Level Lateral Forces

6.4 Preparation of Numerical Model of Building

3Dimennsional Numerical bare frame model should be prepared; The Seismic load evaluated in
6.3 should be applied at C.G. of each storey with additional eccentricity defined in NBC105.
Manual Methods for structural analysis can also be used as a alternative analysis procedures be
used for the check of numerical model analysis out put

7 Design of the Frames

7.1 Frames

All frames are designed:

(a) To support the applied vertical gravity loads (including the weight of the
walls) without assistance from the walls, and

(b) For seismic condition using forces as per Clause 6.1.

(c) Design Load combinations for dead load, live load and earthquake load
should be considered as per NBC 105

7.2 Frame Design

The members and joints is then designed in accordance with standard practice
and shall be detailed to achieve ductile deformations under severe earthquakes.

The recommendations for member sizes and minimum reinforcement in all

components are shown in Figures 7.1 to 7.4. The reinforcement shall also
comply with the applicable sections.

7.2.1 Basis of Recommendations

The recommended sizes of members and the reinforcement are based on

analysis and calculations of representative models using the following
data:
Building Occupancy : Residential
Column Plan Bay Dimension : 3m x 3m to 4.5m x 3.0m
Bay Nos. : 2 x 2 to 6 x 6
Number of Storeys : one to three

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Storey Height

For tarai region preferred storey height = 3.35 m

For other region preferred storey height = 2.75 m

Based up on the climate condition any of the option can be used

Wall Thicknesses : up to 115 mm thick brick

wall or equivalent for all
internal walls and up to 230
mm thick brick wall or
equivalent for all external
walls
Cantilever Floor Projection : 1.0 m (from centre-line of
beam)
Concrete mix (1:1.5:3) : M20 (20 N/mm² cube
crushing strength at 28 days)
minimum
Reinforcement : Fe250 (minimum yield
strength = 250 N/mm²),
Fe415 (minimum yield
strength = 415 N/mm²),
Fe500 (minimum yield
strength = 500 N/mm²)
Fe550 (minimum yield
strength = 550 N/mm²)

Mortar : Minimum 1:4 cement-sand

mortar for half-brick thick
wall and 1:6 cement-sand
mortar for one-brick thick
Bricks : Minimum crushing strength
3.5 N/mm²

7.2.2 Recommended Members Sizes and Minimum Reinforcement

Slab

Roof and Floors

Thickness : 100 mm or 125 mm

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Steel : T08 or K07 bars as shown in Figure 7.1.

Beams

Roof and floors (both directions)

Width : 230 or 250 mm

Depth : 325 mm overall including slab (for single layer reinf.)
: 350 mm overall including slab (for double layer reinf.)

Plinth beam (both directions)

Width : 230 mm or 250 mm

depth : 230 mm or 250 mm overall

Longitudinal Steel

The top and bottom steel reinforcement bars are given in Table 7.1 for
different spans. The placing of steel shall meet the requirements
specified in Figure 7.2.

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Figure 7.1 : Slab Reinforcement Details

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TABLE 7.1: LONGITUDINAL STEEL IN BEAMS

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[Note: 1. 2-16 TH stands for 2 number of 16 mm diameter of steel grade Fe415 bar
throughout the beam. 2-16 EXT stands for 2 number of Extra (Additional)
16 mm diameter of steel grade Fe415 bar at beam end near junction.
2. Extra top bars coming from adjacent span shall not be curtailed if the span
under question is equal to minimum span of 2.1 m.
3. In case of two adjacent beams of different span, top bars for longer span
shall govern.
4. For Beam detailing with Fe 500 grade steel simply convert area with elation:
415*{area corresponding to Fe 415 Steel} = 500* {area corresponding to
Fe 500 Steel}

Transverse Stirrups: The transverse stirrups are calculated and presented in

Table 7.2 for different spans. The placing of transverse stirrups shall meet the
requirements set out in Figure 7.2. The depth of the foundation shall not be less
than 1.2 m.

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TABLE 7.2: TRANSVERSE STIRRUPS IN BEAMS

(All stirrups are 2-legged)

Note:
{Ref IS13920; Cl 5.3}
Steel reinforcements of grade Fe 415 (see IS 1786: 1985) or less only shall be used.
However, high strength deformed steel bars, produced by the thermo-mechanical treatment process, of
grades Fe 500 and Fe 550, having elongation more than 14.5 percent and conforming to other requirements
of IS 1786 : 1985 may also be used for the reinforcement.

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Figure 7.3: Beam Details

Roof Floor Typical Beam Details

INDEX:
K 05 (2L) – 100
C/C spacing
No. of Leg
Diameter of bar
Type of steel

2 T I2

IInd Floor Typical Beam Details

INDEX:
K 05 (2L) – 100
C/C spacing
No. of Leg
Diameter of bar
Type of steel

2 T I2

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Ist Floor Typical Beam Details

INDEX:
K 05 (2L) – 100
C/C spacing
No. of Leg
Diameter of bar
Type of steel

2 T I2

Plinth Beam Details

INDEX:
K 05 (2L) – 100
C/C spacing
No. of Leg
Diameter of bar
Type of steel

2 T I2

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General Notes:
Lapping of top and bottom bar is allowed only in the zone shown in Fig 7.2( typical beam detail) .
Not more than 50% of the bars should be spliced at a section.
If longer and smaller apans exists adjacent, top and bottom additional bars of the longer span shall govern.
All Concrete grades are of M20 {1:1.5:3( Cement:Sand:Aggregate)}.
Curtail additional top and bottom bars 0.3L away from support.
The bars extending through adjacent spans to any span equal to 2.1 m shall not be curtailed and stirups be provided same as the ends of the
adjacent beam.
The exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept continuously water damp for at least one week.
In normal circumstances formwork of slab and beam can be removed after 3 weeks of concreting.
In normal circumstances formwork of column can be removed after 48 hours of concreting.
Column bars are not shown in drawing.
Lapping of bars should not be less than 56ø

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Columns Size and Longitudinal Steel

Gross sections of column and longitudinal steel are calculated and presented in
Table 7.3.

TABLE 7.3: COLUMN SIZES AND LONGITUDINAL STEEL

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* Third storey and Penthouse.

[Note:
1. All bars are of Fe415,
2. Fe500 TMT bars can only be used if elongation of steel bar is above 14.5%
3. 8-16ø stands for 8 numbers of 16 mm φ steel bars
4. Clear cover for longitudinal bars should be 40 mm].

Transverse Stirrups

The transverse stirrup ties in all columns shall be:

For Fe415 Steel
Ends of columns for 600 mm length - 08mm ø @ 100 mm c/c
{Special Confining Reinforcement}
Remaining height - 08mm ø @ 125mm c/c

For Fe500 Steel

Ends of columns for 600 mm length - 07mm ø @ 100mm c/c
Special Confining Reinforcement}
Remaining height - 07mm ø @ 125mm c/c

[Note: 1. Continue the column stirrups as specified as special confining

reinforcements, if column stands adjacent to a window or such opening
to take care of the short-column effect.

2. All stirrups are of a closed type.

3. 135o Hook should be used with 75mm hook length]

Details of columns shall be as specified in Figure 7.3.

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Figure 7.3 : Column Detail

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Lap length = 56ø,

Spacing of stirups in lapping
zone = 125 mm

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Pad Foundations

Sizes and reinforcement in pad foundations for different soil types and loadings are
presented in Tables 7.4a to 7.4d. All foundations are individual tapering-type pads.
Details of foundations shall be as given in Figure 7.4.

100 100

t m'
500
50 75

t e'
LxB

SEE TEXT
Dimensions are given in the text

Figure 7.4: Pad Foundations

TABLE 7.4A: PAD FOUNDATION SIZE FOR WEAK SOILS

(Safe bearing capacity = 50 kN/m²)

Foundation Thickness Maximum Reinforcement

Column Plan at edges thickness each way
Type L x B (m) te (mm) tm (mm) As

Corner 2.2 x 2.2 150 300 11 T 10

Face 2.4 x 2.4 150 300 10T 12
Interior 3.0 x 3.0 200 400 14 T 12
[Note : 1. 11T10 Stands for eleven nos of 10 mm diameter Fe415 bars.]

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TABLE 7.4B: PAD FOUNDATION SIZE FOR SOFT SOILS

(Safe bearing capacity = 100 kN/m²)

Column Foundation Thickness Maximum Reinf.

Type Plan at Edges Thickness Each Way
L x B (m) te (mm) tm (mm) As
Corner 1.5 x 1.5 150 300 7T10
Face 1.65 x 1.65 150 300 8T10
Interior 2.1 x 2.1 200 400 10T12

TABLE 7.4C : PAD FOUNDATION SIZE FOR MEDIUM SOILS

(Safe Bearing Capacity = 150 kN/m²)

Foundation Thickness at Maximum Reinforcement

Column Plan Edge Thickness Each Way
Type LxB te tm As
(m) (mm) (mm)
Corner 1.25 x 1.25 150 300 6T10
Face 1.4 x 1.4 175 300 7T10
Interior 1.7 x 1.7 200 400 8T12

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TABLE 7.4D : PAD FOUNDATION SIZE FOR HARD SOILS

(safe bearing capacity = 200 kN/m²)

Column Foundation Thickness Maximum Reinf. each

Type Plan at Edges Thickness way
L x B (m) te (mm) tm (mm) As
Corner 1.1 x 1.1 150 300 5T10
Face 1.2 x 1.2 200 300 6T10
Interior 1.5 x 1.5 250 400 7T12

Toe Wall : All plinth beams shall be constructed on a toe wall below them as
given in Figure 7.5.

230
4 T 12

GROUND LEVEL 250

45
150

55 55 230 55 55
150
55

450

Figure 7.5 : Toe Wall Detail

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8 Reinforcing Non-load Bearing Walls

8.1 Between Framing Columns

8.1.1 Solid Walls

To prevent walls from falling out, these shall be provided with

horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) bands through the wall at about
one-third and two-thirds of their height above the floor in each storey.
The width of the band should be equal to the wall thickness and its
thickness equal to that of the masonry unit, or 75 mm, whichever is
larger. Reinforcement details shall be as given in Figure 8.1.

Reinforcement:

(a) Longitudinal - two bars 8 mm φ (Fe415) or two 7 mm

φ (Fe500) bars anchored fully in the RC column
abutting the wall.

(b) Transverse - links 4.75 mm φ (Fe415 or Fe 500)

stirrups at every 150 mm.

8.1.2 Walls with Openings

Provide an horizontal RC band through the wall at the lintel level of

doors and windows and at window sill level in each storey as given in
Clause 8.1.1.

Details of the arrangement are given in Figure 8.2.

8.2 Outside Framing Columns

A horizontal RC band shall be provided through all walls - one at window-sill

level and the other at lintel-level. All details shall be the same as in Clause?.
The reinforcement of bands shall be taken through the cross-walls into the
RC columns as detailed in Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.1 : Tie-Band Detail of Solid Walls

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l/3b l/3b l/3b

l/3h
450

2.8 m = h = 3.35 m
l/3h
B
INFILL - WALL

l/3h
3 m > b > 4.5 m

ELEVATION Brick in 1:6 c/s mortar

COLUMN BEAM

100 500 500 100 SECTION AT A - A

t

SECTIONAL PLAN AT B - B INDEX

t T 4.75 (1L) 150
C/C spacing
No. of legs
60 60 Diameter of Bars
Type of steel
75

1 T 08
Diameter of bar
Type of steel
K 4.75 (I-L)-150 No. of bar
2 T 08
DETAIL AT A

Figure 8.1 : Tie-Beam Detail of Solid Walls

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t
3 m < b < 4.5 m

<300
Tie Beam

2.8 m < h < 3.2 m

B B
A

0.3628
A

ELEVATION

COLUMN BEAM

100 500 500 100

SECTION AT A - A
t

SECTIONAL PLAN AT B - B INDEX

t M 06 (1L) 150
C/C spacing
No. of legs
60 60 Diameter of Bars
Type of steel
75

1 T 08
Diameter of bar
Type of steel
No. of bar
TM4.75
06 (I-L)-150
(1-L)-150 DETAIL AT A 2 T 08

Figure 8.2 : Tie Up and Detail of Non-Structural Wall

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Figure 8.3 : Wall Outside the Frame

LINTEL BAND 60 60

75
T 4.75 (I-L)-150 2 T 08
B B
X- SECTION OF TIE BEAM
325
SILL BAND

ELEVATION

COLUMN

t
WALL ABUTTING COLUMN
DETAIL AT A
t
WALL OUTSIDE COLUMN LINE
500

INSIDE

300 500
OUTSIDE

SECTION AT B - B
t 500
t

300 300 500

DETAIL AT C DETAIL AT B

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9 Parapets

9.1 General

Parapets above roofs and at the edges of the balconies should not be taller
than one metre. They should either be constructed in reinforced concrete or be
reinforced with vertical RC elements spaced not more than 1.5 m apart. The
section of the vertical RC post may be kept to b x 75 mm, where b is the
thickness of the parapet. Such RC elements should be reinforced with two
vertical bars of 8 mm diameter steel (grade Fe415) with transverse links 4.75
mm φ diameter steel (grade Fe415) @ 150 mm centres. The vertical
reinforcement shall be tied in the steel of the slab or beam below with a
minimum embedment of 300 mm. Also, a handrail should be provided at the
top with a section size and reinforcing as explained in Clause 8.1.1. For
details, refer to Figure 9.1.

300
HAND RAIL

300

300

2 T 08
50
Wall thickness

50

T 4.75 (I-L)-150

75

SECTION AT A - A

Figure 9.1 : Parapet Wall Tie-up Details

Figure 9.1 : Parapet Wall Tie-Up Details

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9.2 Flower Pots

Flower pots should not normally be placed on parapets. However, if it is

desired that they be placed there, they shall be adequately wired and held to
the parapet through pre-fixed steel hooks/anchors so that they will not be
dislodged in severe earthquake shaking.

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