Coordinate Geometry

Class X Chapter 14 – Co-Ordinate Geometry Maths
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Exercise 14.1
1.
Sol:
(i) P ( 5, 0 ) lies on x − axis
(ii) Q ( 0, −2 ) lies on y − axis
(iii) R ( −4, 0 ) lies on x − axis
(iv) S ( 0,5 ) lies on y − axis
2.
Sol:
(i) Coordinate of the vertices of the square of side 2a are:
A ( 0, 0 ) , B ( 2a, 0 ) , C ( 2a, 2a ) and D ( 0, 2a )
(ii) Coordinate of the vertices of the square of side 2a are:
A ( a, a ) , B ( −a, a ) , C ( −a, −a ) and ( a, −a )
3.
Sol:
We have two equilateral triangle PQR and PQR′ with side 2a.
O is the mid-point of PQ.
In ∆QOR, ∠QOR = 90°
Hence, by Pythagoras theorem
OR 2 + OQ 2 =
QR 2
= ( 2a ) − ( a )
2 2
OR 2
OR 2 = 3a 2
OR = ( 3)a
Coordinates of vertex R is ( ) (
3a, 0 and coordinate of vertex R’ is − 3a, 0 )
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Exercise 14.2
1.
Sol:
(i) We have P ( −6, 7 ) and Q ( −1, −5 )
Here,
x1 =−6, y1 =
7 and
x2 =
−1, y2 =
−5
PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
 −1 − ( −6 )  + ( −5 − 7 )
2
PQ=
2
PQ = ( −1 + 6 ) + ( −5 − 7 )
2 2
= ( 5) + ( −12 )
2 2
PQ
=
PQ 25 + 144
PQ = 169
PQ = 13
(ii) we have P ( a + b, b + c ) and Q ( a − b, c − b ) here,
x1 =
a + b, y1 =
b + c and x2 =
a − b, y2 =
c −b
PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
 a − b − ( a + b )  + ( c − b − ( b + c ) )
2 2
PQ=
PQ= (a − b − a − b) + (c − b − b − c)
2 2
PQ = ( −2b ) + ( −2b )
2 2
=
PQ 4b 2 + 4b 2
PQ = 8b 2
=
PQ 4 × 2b 2
PQ = 2 2b
(iii) we have P ( a sin α , −b cos α ) and Q ( −a cos α , b sin α ) here
x1 = a sin α , y1 = −b cos α and
−a cos α , y2 =
x2 = b sin α
2
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PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
( −a cos α − a sin α ) +  −b sin α − ( −b cos α ) 

2
PQ =
2
PQ = ( −a cos α ) + ( − a sin α ) + 2 ( − a cos α )( − a sin α ) + ( b sin α ) + ( −b cos α ) − 2 ( b sin α )( −b cos α )

2 2 2 2
PQ= a 2 cos 2 α + a 2 sin 2 α + 2a 2 cos α sin α + b 2 sin 2 α + b 2 cos 2 α + 2b 2 sin α cos α

=
PQ a 2 ( cos 2 α + sin 2 α ) + 2a 2 cos α sin α + b 2 ( sin 2 α + cos 2 α ) + 2b 2 sin α cos α
=
PQ a 2 ×1 + 2a 2 cos α sin α + b 2 ×1 + 2b 2 sin α cos α  sin 2 α + cos 2 α =
1
PQ= a 2 + b 2 + 2a 2 cos α sin α + 2b 2 sin α cos α

PQ= (a 2
+ b 2 ) + 2 cos α sin α ( a 2 + b 2 )
PQ = (a 2
+ b 2 ) (1 + 2 cos α sin α )
(iv) We have P ( a, 0 ) and Q ( 0, b )

Here,
=
x1 a= , y1 0,=
x2 0,=
y2 b,
PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
PQ = (0 − a) + (b − 0)
2 2
PQ = ( −a ) + (b)
2 2
=
PQ a 2 + b2
2.
Sol:
We have P ( 3, a ) and Q ( 4,1)
Here,
=
x1 3,=y1 a
=
x2 4,=
y2 1
PQ = 10
PQ = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
⇒ 10= ( 4 − 3) + (1 − a )
2 2
⇒ 10
= (1) + (1 − a )
2 2
3
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⇒ 10 = 1 + 1 + a 2 − 2a  ( a − b )2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab 
 
⇒ 10 = 2 + a 2 − 2a
Squaring both sides
( 10 ) = ( )
2 2
⇒ 2 + a 2 − 2a
⇒ 10 =2 + a 2 − 2a
⇒ a 2 − 2a + 2 − 10 =0
⇒ a 2 − 2a − 8 = 0
Splitting the middle team.
⇒ a 2 − 4a + 2a − 8 =0
⇒ a ( a − 4) + 2 ( a − 4) =
0
⇒ ( a − 4 )( a + 2 ) =
0
⇒a=4, a =−2
3.
Sol:
We have P ( 2,1) and Q (1, −2 ) and R ( X , Y )
Also, PR = QR
PR = ( x − 2) + ( y − 1)
2 2
⇒ PR = x 2 + ( 2 ) − 2 xx × 2 + y 2 + (1) − 2 × y × 1
2 2
⇒ PR
= x2 + 4 − 4x + y 2 + 1 − 2 y
⇒ PR= x2 + 5 − 4x + y 2 − 2 y
QR = ( x − 1) + ( y + 2)
2 2
⇒ PR
= x2 + 1 − 2 x + y 2 + 4 + 4 y
⇒ PR= x2 + 5 − 2x + y 2 + 4 y
 PR = QR
⇒ x 2 + 5 − 4 x + y 2 − 2 y= x2 + 5 − 2x + y 2 + 4 y
⇒ x2 + 5 − 4x + y 2 − 2 y = x2 + 5 − 2x + y 2 + 4 y
⇒ x2 + 5 − 4x + y 2 − 2 y = x2 + 5 − 2x + y 2 + 4 y
⇒ −4 x + 2 x − 2 y − 4 y =0
⇒ −2 x − 6 y =0
4
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⇒ −2 ( x + 3 y ) =0
0
⇒ x + 3y =
−2
⇒ x + 3y =0
Hence proved.
4.
Sol:
We have P ( x, y ) , Q ( −3, 0 ) and R ( 3, 0 )
PQ = ( x + 3) + ( y − 0)
2 2
⇒ 4= x2 + 9 + 6x + y 2
Squaring both sides
( )
2
⇒ ( 4=
) x2 + 9 + 6x + y 2
2
⇒ 16 = x 2 + 9 + 6 x + y 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 16 − 9 − 6 x
⇒ x 2 + y 2 =7 − 6 x ………….(1)
PR= ( ( x − 3) + ( y − 0 )
2 2
)
⇒ 4= x2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2
Squaring both sides
( )
2
( 4=
) x2 + 9 − 6x + y 2
2
⇒ 16 = x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 16 − 9 + 6 x
⇒ x 2 + y 2 =7 + 6 x …………..(2)
Equating (1) and (2)
7 − 6 x =7 + 6 x
⇒ 7 − 7 = 6x + 6x
⇒0= 12x
⇒x= 12
Equating (1) and (2)
7 − 6 x =7 + 6 x
⇒ 7 − 7 = 6x + 6x
⇒0= 12x
5
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⇒x= 12
Substituting the value of x = 0 in (2)
x 2 + y 2 =7 + 6 x
0 + y2 = 7 + 6 × 0
y2 = 7
y= ± 7
5.
Sol:
Let two ordinate of the other end R be Y
∴ Coordinates of other end R are (10, y ) i.e., R (10, y )
Distance PR = 10 [given]
PR = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
⇒ 10= (10 − 2 ) + ( y + 3)
2 2
⇒ 10= 82 + y 2 + 9 + 6 y
⇒ 10= 64 + y 2 + 9 + 6 y
= 10 = 73 + y 2 + 6 y
Squaring both sides
( )
2
(10 ) = 73 + y 2 + 6 y
2
⇒ 100 = 73 + y 2 + 6 y
⇒ y 2 + 6 y + 73 − 100 =
0
⇒ y 2 + 6 y − 27 = 0
Splitting the middle term
y 2 + 9 y − 3 y − 27 = 0
⇒ y 2 + 9 y − 3 y − 27 =
0
⇒ y ( y + 9) − 3( y + 9) =
0
⇒ ( y + 9 )( y − 3) =
0
⇒y=−9, y =3
6
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6.
Sol:
Let A ( −4, −1) , B ( −2, −4 ) , C ( 4, 0 ) and D ( 2,3) be the given points
Now,
AB = ( −2 + 4 ) + ( −4 + 1)
2 2
⇒= ( 2) + ( −3)
2 2
AB
⇒ AB = 4 + 9
⇒ AB =13
CD = ( 4 − 2) + ( 0 − 3)
2 2
⇒ CD
= ( 2) + ( −3)
2 2
⇒ CD = 4 + 9
⇒ CD =13
BC = ( 4 + 2) + ( 0 + 4)
2 2
⇒ BC= ( 6) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ BC = 36 + 16
⇒ BC + 52
AD = ( −4 − 2 ) + ( −1 − 3)
2 2
⇒ AD = ( −6 ) + ( −4 )
2 2
⇒ AD = 36 + 16
⇒ AD = 52
= BC ⇒ ABCD is a parallelogram
∴ AB = CD and AD
Now,
AC = ( 4 + 4) + ( 0 + 1)
2 2
⇒ AC= (8) + (1)

2 2
⇒ AC = 64 + 1
⇒ AC =65
BD= ( 2 + 2) + (3 + 4)
2 2
7
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⇒ BD= ( 4) + (7)
2 2
⇒ BD = 16 + 49
⇒ BD = 65
Since the diagonals of parallelogram ABCD are equal i.e., AC = BD
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle
7.
Sol:
Let A (1, −2 ) , B ( 3, 6 ) , C ( 5,10 ) , D ( 3, 2 ) be the given points
AB = ( 3 − 1) + ( 6 + 2)
2 2
⇒ AB= ( 2) + (8)
2 2
⇒ AB = 4 + 64
⇒ AB =68
CD = ( 5 − 3) + (10 − 2 )
2 2
⇒ CD= ( 2) + (8)
2 2
⇒ CD = 4 + 64
⇒ CD =68
AD = ( 3 − 1) + ( 2 + 2)
2 2
⇒ AD= ( 2) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ AD = 4 + 16
⇒ AD =20
BC = ( 5 − 3) + (10 − 6 )
2 2
⇒ BC= ( 2) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ BC = 4 + 16
⇒ BC = 20
∴ AB = CD and AD = BC
Since opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram
8
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8.
Sol:
Let A (1, 7 ) , B ( 4, 2 ) , C ( −1, −1) and D ( −4, 4 ) be the given point. One way of showing that
ABCD is a square is to use the property that all its sides should be equal and both its
diagonals should also be equal
Now,
AB = (1 − 4 ) + ( 7 − 2) = 9 + 25 =
2 2
34
BC= ( 4 + 1) + ( 2 + 1) = 25 + 9=
2 2
34
CD = ( −1 + 4 ) + ( −1 − 4 ) = 9 + 25 =
2 2
34
DA= (1 + 4 ) + ( 7 − 4) = 25 + 9 =
2 2
34
AC = (1 + 1) + ( 7 + 1) = 4 + 64 =
2 2
68
BD= ( 4 + 4) + ( 2 − 4) = 64 + 4=
2 2
68
= BC
Since, AB = CD
= DA and AC = BD, all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD
are equal and its diagonals AC and BD are also equal. Therefore, ABCD is a square
9.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, 0 ) , B ( 6, 4 ) and C ( −1,3) be the given points
AB = ( 6 − 3) + ( 4 − 0)
2 2
⇒ AB= ( 3) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ AB = 9 + 16
⇒ AB =25
BC = ( −1 − 6 ) + (3 − 4)
2 2
⇒ BC = ( −7 ) + ( −1)
2 2
⇒ BC = 49 + 1
⇒ BC =50
AC = ( −1 − 3) + (3 − 0)
2 2
⇒ AC = ( −4 ) + ( 3)
2 2
⇒ A 16 + 9
9
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⇒ AC =25
( )
2
AB 2 = 25
⇒ AB 2 =
25
AC 2 = 25
( )
2
BC 2 = 50
BC 2 = 50
Since AB 2 + AC 2 =BC 2 and AB = AC
∴ ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle
10.
Sol:
Let A ( 2, −2 ) , B ( −2,1) and C ( 5, 2 ) be the given points
AB = ( −2 − 2 ) + (1 + 2 )
2 2
⇒ AB = ( −4 ) + ( 3)
2 2
⇒ AB + 16 − 9
⇒ AB =25
BC = (5 + 2) + ( 2 − 1)
3 2
⇒B (7) + (1)
2 2
⇒ BC = 49 + 1
⇒ BC =50
AC = (5 − 2) + ( 2 + 2)
2 2
⇒ AC= ( 3) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ AC = 9 + 16
⇒ AC =25
( )
2
AB 2 = 25
⇒ AB 2 =
25
( )
2
BC 2 = 50
⇒ BC 2 = 50
Since, AB 2 + AC 2 =
BC 2
10
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∴ ABC is a right angled triangle.
Length of the hypotenuse =
BC =
50 5 2
1
Area of ∆ABC = × AB × AC
2
1
=× 25 × 25
2
25
= square units.
2
11.
Sol:
( )
Let A ( 2a, 4a ) , B ( 2a, 6a ) and C 2a + 3a,5a be the given points
AB = ( 2a − 2a ) + ( 6a − 4a )
2 2
⇒ AB= ( 0) + ( 2a )
2 2
⇒ AB =4a 2
⇒ AB =
2a
( 2a + 3a − 2a ) + ( 5a − 6a )
2
BC =
2
( 3a ) + ( −a )
2
=
⇒ BC
2
⇒ BC = 3a 2 + a 2
⇒ BC =4a 2
⇒ BC =
2a
( 2a + 3a − 2a ) + ( 5a − 4a )
2
AC =
2
= ( 3a ) + ( a )
2
⇒ AC
2
⇒ AC = 3a 2 + a 2
⇒ AC = 4a 2
⇒ AC = 2a
= BC
Since, AB = AC
∴ ABC is an equilateral triangle
12.
Sol:
Let A ( 2,3) , B ( −4, −6 ) and C (1,3 / 2 ) be the given points
11
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AB = ( −4 − 2 ) + ( −6 − 3)
2 2
⇒ AB = ( −6 ) + ( −9 )
2 2
⇒ AB = 36 + 81
⇒ AB =117
2
(1 + 4 ) +  + 6 
3
BC =
2
2 
2
( 5) +  
15
⇒ BC=
2
 2
225
⇒ BC = 25 +
4
325
⇒ BC =
4
⇒ BC =8125
2
( 2 − 1) +  3 − 
3
AC =
2
 2
2
(1) +  
3
⇒ AC =
2
2
9
⇒ AC = 1 +
4
13
⇒ AC =
4
⇒ AC = 3.25
We know that for a triangle sum of two sides is greater than the third side
Here AC + BC is not greater than AB.
∴ ABC is not triangle
13.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, 4 ) , B ( −2,3) and C ( x, y ) be the three vertices of the equilateral triangle then,
=
AB 2
=
BC 2
CA2
AB = ( −2 − 3) + (3 − 4) = ( −5) + ( −1) = 25 + 1 =
2 2 2 2
26
BC = ( x + 2) + ( y − 3) = x2 + 4 + 4x + y 2 + 9 − 6 y = x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y + 25
2 2
12
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CA = ( x − 3) + ( y − 4) = x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 16 − 8 y = x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y + 25
2 2
Now, AB 2 = BC 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 6 y + 13 =
26
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 6 y − 13 =
0 …….(i)
AB 2 = CA2
⇒ 26 − x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y + 25
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y − 1 =0 …….(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i) we get,
10 x + 2 y − 12 =
0
⇒ 5x + y =6 …….(iii)
⇒ 5 x =6 − y
6− y
⇒x=
5
6− y
Subtracting x = in (i) we get
5
6− y  6− y 
2
 + y + 4  − 6 y − 13 =
2
 0
 5   5 
(6 − y )
2
24 − 4 y
⇒ + y2 + − 6 y − 13 = 0
25 5
36 + y 2 − 12 y 24 − 4 y
⇒ + y2 + − 6 y − 13 =0
25 5
36 + y 2 − 12 y + 25 y 2 + 120 − 20 y − 150 − 13 × 25
⇒ =
0
25
⇒ 26 y 2 − 32 y + 6 − 325 = 0
⇒ 26 y 2 − 32 y − 319 =
0
= b 2 − 4ac
D
D = ( −32 ) − 4 × 26 × ( −319 ) = 1024 + 33176 = 34200
2
−b ± D − ( −32 ) ± 34200
∴ y= =
2a 2 × 26
32 + 185 217 32 − 185 −153
=
∴y = = or y =
52 52 52 52
217
Substituting y = in (iii)
52
13
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217
5x + = 6
52
217 95
5x =6− =
52 52
19
x=
52
−153
Again substituting y = in (iii)
52
153
5x − = 6
52
153 465
5 x =+
6 =
52 52
93
x=
52
 93 −153 
Therefore, the coordinates of the third vertex are  ,
19 217 
 or  , 
 52 52   52 52 
14.
Sol:
Let A ( 2, −1) , B ( 3, 4 ) , C ( −2,3) and D ( −3, −2 )
AB = (3 − 2) + ( 4 + 1) = (1) + ( 5) = 1 + 25 =
2 2 2 2
26
BC = ( −2 − 3) + (3 − 4) = ( −5) + ( −1) = 25 + 1 =
2 2 2 2
26
CD = ( −3 + 2 ) + ( −2 − 3) = ( −1) + ( −5 ) = 1 + 25 =
2 2 2 2
26
AD = ( −3 − 2 ) + ( −2 + 1) = ( −5) + ( −1) = 25 + 1 =
2 2 2 2
26
= BC
Since AB = CD = AD
∴ ABCD is a rhombus
15.
Sol:
Two vertices of an isosceles triangle are A ( 2, 0 ) and B ( 2,5 ) . Let C ( x, y ) be the third
vertex
AB= ( 2 − 2) + (5 − 0) = ( 0) + ( 5) = 25 = 5
2 2 2 2
BC = ( x − 2) + ( y − 5) = x 2 + 4 − 4 x + y 2 + 25 − 10 y = x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 10 y + 29
2 2
AC= ( x − 2) + ( y − 0) = x2 + 4 − 4 x + y 2
2 2
14
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Also we are given that
AC − BC = 3
⇒ AC = BC 2 = 9
2
⇒ x 2 + 4 − 4 x + y 2 = x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 10 y + 29
⇒ 10 y =
25
25 5
⇒ y= =
10 2
AC 2 = 9
x2 + 4 − 4x + y 2 =9
x 2 + 4 − 4 x + ( 2.5 ) =
2
9
x 2 + 4 − 4 x + 6.25 =9
x 2 − 4 x + 1.25 =
0
D = ( −4 ) − 4 ×1×1.25
2
D= 16 − 5
D = 11
− ( −4 ) + 11 4 + 3.31 7.31
=x = = = 3.65
2 ×1 2 2
− ( −4 ) − 11 4 − 11 4 − 3.31
=
Or x = = = 0.35
2 2 2
The third vertex is ( 3.65, 2.5 ) or ( 0.35, 2.5 )
16.
Sol:
Let A ( 5,9 ) and B ( −4, 6 ) be the given points.
Let C ( x, 0 ) be the point on x − axis
Now,
AC = ( x − 5) + ( 0 − 9)
2 2
⇒ AC
= x 2 + 25 − 10 x + ( −9 )
2
⇒ AC = x 2 − 10 x + 25 + 81
⇒ AC = x 2 − 10 x + 106
BC = ( x + 4) + ( 0 − 6)
2 2
⇒ BC
= x 2 + 16 + 8d + ( −6 )
2
15
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⇒ BC = x 2 + 8 x + 16 + 36
⇒ BC = x 2 + 8 x + 5 x
Since AC = BC
Or, AC 2 = BC 2
x 2 − 10 x + 106 = x 2 + 8 x + 52
⇒ −10 x + 106= 8 x + 52
⇒ −10 x − 8 x= 52 − 106
⇒ −18 x = −54
54
⇒x=
18
⇒x= 3
Hence the points on x-axis is ( 3, 0 ) .
17.
Sol:
Let A ( −2,5 ) , B ( 0,1) and C ( 2, −3) be the given points
AB= ( 0 + 2) + (1 − 5 )
2 2
⇒ AB= 4 + ( −4 )
2
⇒ AB = 4 + 16
⇒ AB =20
⇒ AB =
2 5
= ( 2 − 0) + ( −3 − 1)
2 2
BC
⇒= ( 2) + ( −4 )
2 2
BC
⇒ BC = 4 + 16
⇒ BC =20
⇒ BX =
2 5
= ( 2 + 2) + ( −3 − 5 )
2 2
AC
⇒= ( 4) + ( −8 )
2 2
AC
⇒ AC = 16 + 64
⇒ AC =80
16
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⇒ AC = 4 5
Since AB + BC = AC
Hence A ( −2,5 ) , B ( 0,1) , and C ( 2, −3) are collinear
18.
Sol:
Let the coordinates of Q be ( x, y )
Since Q lies on the line joining P and O (origin) and OP = OQ
By mid-point theorem
( x − 3) = 0 and ( y + 2 ) = 0
2 2
∴ x =3, y =−2
Hence coordinates of points Q are ( 3, −2 )
19.
Sol:
A ( 2,3) and B ( −4,1) are the given points.
Let C ( 0, y ) be the points are y − axis
AC = ( 0 − 2) + ( y − 3)
2 2
⇒ AC = 4 + y2 + 9 − 6 y
⇒ AC = y 2 − 6 y + 13
BC = ( 0 + 4) + ( y − 1)
2 2
⇒ BC= 16 + y 2 + 1 − 2 y
⇒ BC = y 2 − 2 y + 17
Since AC = BC
AC 2 = BC 2
y 2 − 6 y + 13 = y 2 − 2 y + 17
⇒ −6 y + 2 y= 17 − 13
⇒ −4 y =4
⇒y=−1
∴ The point on y − axis is ( 0, −1)
17
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20.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, 4 ) , B ( 3,8 ) and C ( 9,8 ) be the given points
Let the forth vertex be D ( x, y )
AB = ( 3 − 3) + (8 − 4 )
2 2
⇒ AB = 0 + ( 4 )
2
⇒ AB = 16
⇒ AB =
4
BC = ( 9 − 3) + (8 − 8)
2 2
⇒ BC= ( 6) +0
2
⇒ BC = 36
⇒ BC =
B
CD = ( x − 9) + ( y − 8)
2 2
⇒ CD = x 2 + ( 92 ) − 18 x + y 2 + ( 82 ) − 16 y
⇒ CD= x 2 + 81 − 18 x + y 2 + 64 − 16 y
⇒ CD = x 2 − 18 x + y 2 − 16 y + 145
AD = ( x − 3) + ( y − 4)
2 2
⇒ AD= x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 16 − 8 y
⇒ AD = x 2 − 6 x + y 2 − 8 y + 25
Since ABCD is a parallelogram and opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
AB = CD and AD = BC
AB = CD
AB 2 = CD 2
⇒ x 2 − 18 x + y 2 − 16 y + 145 =
16
⇒ x 2 − 18 x + y 2 − 16 y + 145 − 16 =
0
⇒ x 2 − 18 x + y 2 − 16 y + 129 =
0 ………..(1)
BC = AD
BC 2 = AD 2
x 2 − 6 x + y 2 − 8 y + 25 =
36
⇒ x 2 − 6 x + y 2 − 8 y + 25 − 36 =
0
18
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ x 2 − 6 x + y 2 − 8 y − 11 =
0 ………..(2)
=
x 9,=
y 4
The fourth vertex is D ( 9, 4 )
21.
Sol:
Circumcenter of a triangle is the point of intersection of all the three perpendicular
bisectors of the sides of triangle. So, the vertices of the triangle lie on the circumference of
the circle.
Let the coordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle be ( x, y )
∴ ( x, y ) will the equidistant from the vertices of the triangle.
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) , it is obtained:
2 2
Using distance formula
D1 = ( x + 2) + ( y + 3)
2 2
⇒ D=
1 x2 + 4 + 4x + y 2 + 9 + 6 y (Taking points ( x, y ) and ( −2, −3) )
⇒ D1 = x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 6 y + 13
D2 = ( x + 1) + ( y − 0) (Taking points ( x, y ) and ( −1, 0 ) )

2 2
⇒ D=
2 x2 + 1 + 2x + y 2
D3 = ( x − 7) + ( y + 6) (Taking points ( x, y ) and ( 7, −6 ) )

2 2
⇒ D3 = x 2 + 49 − 14 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y
⇒ D3 = x 2 + y 2 − 14 x + 12 y + 85
As ( x, y ) is equidistant from all the three vertices
=
So, D1 D=
2 D3
D1 = D2
∴ x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 6 y + 13 = x2 + 1 + 2x + y 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 6 y + 13 = x 2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2
⇒ 4 x + 6 y − 2 x =−
1 13
⇒ 2x + 6 y =
−12
⇒ x + 3 y =−6 ……….(1)
D2 = D3
∴ x 2 + 1 + 2 x + y=
2
x 2 + y 2 − 14 x + 12 y + 85
19
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ x 2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 − 14 x + 12 y + 85
⇒ 2 x + 14 x − 12 y = 85 − 1
⇒ 16 x − 12 y =
84
⇒ 4x − 3y =
21 ……….(2)
Adding equations (1) and (2):
x + 3y + 4x − 3y =
−6 + 21
∴5x =15
15
⇒x=
3
⇒x= 3
When x = 3, we get
4 ( 3) − 21
y= [Using (2)]
3
12 − 21
⇒y=
3
9
⇒y= −
3
⇒y= −3
∴ ( 3, −3) are the coordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle
22.
Sol:
Let the point P ( 0,100 ) and Q (10, 0 ) be the given points.
∴ The angle subtended by the line segment PQ at the origin O is 90°.
23.
Sol:
Let the center of the circle be O ( x, y )
Since radii of the circle is constant
Hence, distance of O from A ( 5, −8 ) , B ( 2, −9 ) and C ( 2,1) will be constant and equal
∴ OA2 = OB 2 = OC 2
( x − 5) + ( y + B ) = ( x − 2) + ( y + 9)
2 2 2 2
x 2 + 25 − 10 x + y 2 + 64 + 16 y = x 2 + 4 − 4 x + y 2 + 81 + 18 y
−6 x − 2 y + 4 =0
3x + y − 2 =0
20
______________________________________________________________________________
y= 2 − 3 x ………….(i)
Also, OB 2 = OC 2
( x − 2 ) + ( y + 9 ) + ( y − 1)
2 2 2
y 2 + 81 + 18 y = y 2 + 1 − 2 y
80 + 20 y =
0
y = −4
Substituting y in (i)
−4 = 2 − 3x
3x = 6
x=2
Hence center of circle ( 2, −4 )
24.
Sol:
Let the point P ( 0, 2 ) is equidistant from A ( 3, k ) and ( k ,5 )
PA = PB
PA2 = PB 2
(3 − 0) + ( k − 2) =( k − 0 ) + ( 5 − 2 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ 9 + k 2 + 4 − 4k = k 2 + 9.
⇒ 9 + k 2 + 4 − 4k − k 2 − 9 =0
⇒ 4 − 4k = 0
⇒ −4k = −4
⇒k = 1
25.
Sol:
Let ABCD be a square and let A ( 5, 4 ) and C (1, −6 ) be the given points.
Let ( x, y ) be the coordinates of B.
AB = BC
AB 2 = BC 2
( x − 5) + ( y − 4 ) = ( x − 1) + ( y + 6 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 25 − 10 x + y 2 + 16 − 8 y = x 2 + 1 − 2 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y
⇒ x 2 − 10 x + y 2 − 8 y − x 2 + 2 x − y 2 − 12 y =+
1 36 − 25 − 16
⇒ −8 x − 20 y = −4
⇒ −8=
x 20 y − 4
21
______________________________________________________________________________
20 y − 4
⇒x=
−8
4 ( 5 y − 1)
⇒x=
−8
5 y −1
⇒x=
−2
1− 5y
⇒x= ………..(1)
2
In right triangle ABC
AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2
( x − 5) + ( y − 4 ) + ( x − 1) + ( y + 6 ) = ( 5 − 1) + ( 4 + 6 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 25 − 10 x + y 2 + 16 − 8 y + x 2 + 1 − 2 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y = 16 + 100
⇒ 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 − 12 x + 4 y = 116 − 78
⇒ 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 − 12 + 4 y =
38
⇒ x2 + y 2 − 6x + 2 y =
19
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 2 y − 19 =
0 ………..(2)
Substituting the value of x form (1) in (2), we get
 1− 5y   1− 5y 
2
 + y − 6  + 2 y − 19 =
2
 0
 2   2 
(1 − 5 y )
2
⇒ + y 2 − 3 (1 − 5 y ) + 2 y − 19 =
0
4
1 + 25 y 2 − 10 y
⇒ + y 2 − 3 + 15 y + 2 y − 19 = 0
4
1 + 25 y 2 − 10 y + 4 y 2 − 12 + 60 y + 8 y − 76
⇒ =0
4
⇒ 29 y 2 + 58 y − 87 = 0
⇒ y2 + 2 y − 3 =0
⇒ y2 + 3y − y − 3 =0
⇒ y ( y + 3) − 1( y + 3 ) =
0
⇒ ( y + 3)( y − 1) =
0
⇒y=−3, y =
1
Substituting y = −3 and y = 1 in equation (1), we get
1 − 5 ( −3)
x=
2
22
______________________________________________________________________________
1 + 15
⇒x=
2
⇒x= 8
1 − 5 (1)
x=
2
1− 5
⇒x=
2
−4
⇒x=
2
⇒ x =−2
Hence, the required vertices of the square are ( −2,1) and ( 8, −3) .
26.
Sol:
A ( −3, 2 ) , B ( −5, −5 ) , C ( 2, −3) and D ( 4, 4 ) be the given points.
( −5 + 3) + ( −5 − 2 )
2 2
AB =
( 2) + ( −7 )
2 2
⇒=
AB
⇒ AB = 4 + 49
⇒ AB =53
( 2 + 5) + ( −5 − 2 )
2 2
=
BC
(7) + ( 2)
2 2
⇒ BC=
⇒ BC = 49 + 4
⇒ BC =53
( 4 − 2) + ( 4 + 3)
2 2
CD =
( 2) + (7)
2 2
⇒ CD=
⇒ CD = 4 + 49
⇒ CD =53
( 4 + 3) + ( 4 − 2)
2 2
AD =
(7) + ( 2)
2 2
⇒ AD=
⇒ AD = 49 + 4
23
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ AD =53
( 2 + 3) + ( −3 − 2 )
2 2
=
AC
( 5) + ( −5 )
2 2
⇒=
AC
⇒ AC = 25 + 25
⇒ AC =50
( 4 + 5) + ( 4 + 5)
2 2
BD =
(9) + (9)
2 2
⇒ BD=
⇒ BD = 81 + 81
⇒ BD = 162
= BC
Since AB = CD
= AD and diagonals AC ≠ BD
1
Area of rhombus ABCD = × AC × BD
2
1
=× 50 × 162
2
1
= × 90
2
= 45 sq. units
27.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, 0 ) , B ( −1, −6 ) and C ( 4, −1) be the given points.
Let O ( x, y ) be the circumcenter of the triangle
= OB
OA = OC
OA = OB 2
2
( x − 3) + ( y − 0 ) = ( x + 1) + ( y + 6 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 = x 2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y
⇒ x 2 − 6 x + y 2 − x 2 − 2 x − y 2 − 12 y =+
1 36 − 9
⇒ −8 x − 12 y =28
⇒ −2 x − 3 y =7
⇒ 2x + 3y =
−7 ………(1)
Again
OB 2 = OC 2
24
______________________________________________________________________________
( x + 1) + ( y + 6 ) = ( x − 4 ) + ( y + 1)
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y = x 2 + 16 − 8 x + y 2 + 1 + 2 y
⇒ x 2 + 2 x + y 2 + 12 y − x 2 + 8 x − y 2 − 2 y = 16 + 1 − 1 − 36
⇒ 10 x + 10 y =
−20
⇒ x + y =−2 ………(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
x = 1, y = −3
Hence circumcenter of the triangle is (1, −3)
(1 + 1) + ( −3 + 6 )
2 2
Circum radius=
( 2) + ( 3)
2 2
=
= 4+9
13 units
28.
Sol:
Let A ( 7, 6 ) and B ( −3, 4 ) be the given points.
Let P ( x.0 ) be the point on x − axis such that PA = PB
PA = PB
PA2 = PB 2
( x − 7) + (0 − 6) = ( x + 3) + ( 0 − 4 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 49 − 14 x + 36 = x 2 + 9 + 6 x + 16
⇒ x 2 − 14 − x 2 − 6 x =9 + 16 − 36 − 49
⇒ −20 x = −60
⇒x= 3
∴ The point on x − axis is ( 3, 0 ) .
29.
Sol:
A ( 5, 6 ) , B (1,5 ) , C ( 2,1) and D ( 6, 2 ) are the given points
( 5 − 1) + ( 6 − 5)
2 2
AB =
( 4) + (1)
2 2
⇒ AB=
25
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ AB = 16 + 1
⇒ AB =17
(1 − 2 ) + ( 5 − 1)
2 2
BC =
( −1) + ( 4)
2 2
⇒ BC =
⇒ BC = 1 + 16
⇒ BC =17
(6 − 2) + ( 2 − 1)
2 2
CD =
( 4) + (1)
2 2
⇒ CD=
⇒ CD = 16 + 1
⇒ CD =17
( 6 − 5) + ( 2 − 6)
2 2
AD =
(1) + ( −4 )
2 2
⇒ AD
=
⇒ AD = 1 + 16
⇒ AD =17
(5 − 2) + ( 6 − 1)
2 2
AC =
( 3) + ( 5)
2 2
⇒ AC=
⇒ AC = 9 + 25
⇒ AC =34
( 6 − 1) + ( 2 − 5)
2 2
BD =
( 5) + ( −3)
2 2
⇒=
BD
⇒ BD = 25 + 9
⇒ BD = 34
= BC
Since AB = CD = AD and diagonals AC = BD
∴ ABCD is a square
30.
Sol:
Let A ( −2,5 ) and ( 2, −3) be the given points.
Let ( x, 0 ) be the point on x − axis
26
______________________________________________________________________________
Such that PA = PB
PA = PB
PA2 = PB 2
( x + 2 ) + ( 0 − 5) = ( x − 2 ) + ( 0 + 3)
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 4 + 4 x + 25 = x 2 + 4 − 4 x + 9
⇒ x 2 + 4 x + x 2 + 4 x = 4 + 9 − 4 − 25
⇒ 8x = −16
⇒ x =−2
∴ The point on x − axis is ( −2, 0 )
31.
Sol:
P ( 6, −1) , Q (1,3) and R ( x,8 ) are the given points.
PQ = QR
PQ 2 = QR 2
⇒ ( 6 − 1) + ( −1 − 3) = ( x − 1) + ( 8 − 3)
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( 5 ) + ( −4 ) = x 2 + 1 − 2 x + ( 5 )
2 2 2
⇒ 25 + 16 = x 2 + 1 − 2 x + 25
⇒ 41 = x 2 − 2 x + 26
⇒ x 2 − 2 x + 26 − 41 =
0
⇒ x 2 − 2 x − 15 =
0
⇒ x 2 − 5 x + 3 x − 15 =
0
⇒ x ( x − 5) + 3 ( x − 5) =
0
⇒ ( x + 3)( x − 5 ) =
0
⇒ x =−3 or x = 5
32.
Sol:
Let A ( 0, 0 ) , B ( 5,5 ) and C ( −5,5 ) be the given points
(5 − 0) + (5 − 0)
2 2
AB =
⇒ AB = 25 + 25
⇒ AB =50
( 5 + 5) + ( 5 − 5)
2 2
BC =
27
______________________________________________________________________________
(10 )
2
⇒ BC
= +0
⇒ BC =100
( 0 + 5) + ( 0 − 5)
2 2
AC =
⇒ AC = 25 + 25
⇒ AC =50
AB 2 = 50
BC 2 = 100
AC 2 = 50
⇒ AB 2 + AC 2 = BC 2
Since, AB = AC and AB 2 + AC 2 = BC 2
∴ ABC is a right isosceles triangle
33.
Sol:
Since P ( x, y ) is equidistant from A ( 5,1) and B (1,5 )
AP = BP
Hence, AP 2 = BP 2
( x − 5) + ( y − 1) = ( x − 1) + ( y − 5 )
2 2 2 2
x 2 + 25 − 10 x + y 2 + 1 − 2 y = x 2 + 1 − 2 x + y 2 + 25 − 10 y
−10 x + 2 x =
−10 y + 2 y
−8 x =−8 y
x= y
Hence, proved.
34.
Sol:
Given Q ( 0,1) is equidistant from P ( −5, −3) and R ( x, 6 ) so PQ = QR
(5 − 0) + ( −3 − 1)= (0 − x) + (1 − 6 )
2 2 2 2
( 5) + ( −4 ) = (−x) + ( −5 )
2 2 2 2
25 + 16 = x 2 + 25
= x 2 + 25
41
16 = x 2
x = ±4
28
______________________________________________________________________________
So, point R is ( 4, 6 ) or ( −4, 6 )

When point R is ( 4, 6 )
(5 − 4) + ( −3 − 6 ) = 12 + ( −9 ) =
2 2
PR= 1 + 81= 82
(0 − 4) + (1 − 6 ) = ( −4 ) + ( −5 ) =
2 2 2 2
QR = 16 + 25 = 41
When point R is ( −4, 6 )
( 5 − ( −4 ) ) + ( −3 − 6 )= ( 9 ) + ( −9 )=
2 2 2 2
=
PR 81 + 81
= 9 2
( 0 ( −4 ) ) + (1 − 6 )= ( 4 ) + ( −5)=
2 2 2 2
=
QR 16 + 25
= 41
35.
Sol:
Given that distance between ( 2, −3) and (10, y ) is 10
( 2 − 10 ) + ( −3 − y ) =10
2 2
Therefore using distance formula
( −8) + (3 + y ) =
2 2
10
64 + ( y − 3) =
2
100
( y + 3)
2
=
36
y + 3 =±6
y+3=6 or y + 3 =−6
Therefore y = 3 or −9
36.
Sol:
Let O ( x, y ) be the center of the circle passing through A ( 6, −6 ) , B ( 3, −7 ) and C ( 3,3)

= OB
OA = OC
OA2 = OB 2
( x − 6) + ( y + 6) = ( x − 3) + ( y − 7 )
2 2 2 2
29
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ x 2 + 36 − 12 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y = x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 49 + 14 y
⇒ x 2 + 36 − 12 x + y 2 + 36 + 12 y − x 2 − 9 + 6 x − y 2 − 49 − 14 y =
0
⇒ −6 x − 2 y = −36 − 36 + 9 + 49
⇒ −6 x − 2 y = −14 …………(1)
OB 2 = OC 2
( x − 3) + ( y + 7 ) = ( x − 3) + ( y − 3)
2 2 2 2
⇒ x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 49 + 14 y = x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 9 − 6 y
⇒ x 2 − 6 x + y 2 + 14 y − x 2 + 6 x − y 2 + 6 y =9 + 9 − 9 − 49
⇒ 20 y =
−40
⇒y=−2
Substituting y = −2 in (1)
−6 x − 2 ( −2 ) =−14
⇒ −6 x + 4 = −14
⇒ −6 x = −14 − 4
⇒ −6 x = −18
⇒x= 3
∴ The centre of the circle is ( 3, −2 )
37.
Sol:
Let ABCD be a square and let A ( −1, 2 ) and ( 3, 2 ) be the opposite vertices and let B ( x, y )
be the unknown vertex.
AB = BC
AB 2 = BC 2
( x + 1) + ( y − 2 ) = ( x − 3) + ( y − 2 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ x2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2 + 4 − 4 y = x2 + 9 − 6x + y 2 + 4 − 4 y
⇒ x 2 + 2 x + y 2 − 4 y − x 2 + 6 x − y 2 + 4 y =9 + 4 − 1 − 4
30
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ 8x = 8
⇒x= 1 ………(1)
In right triangle ABC

AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2
⇒ ( x + 1) + ( y − 2 ) + ( x − 3) + ( y − 2 ) = ( 3 + 1) + ( 2 − 2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ x2 + 1 + 2 x + y 2 + 4 − 4 y + x2 + 9 − 6x + y 2 + 4 − 4 y =
16
⇒ 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 − 4 x − 8 y = 16 − 1 − 4 − 9 − 4
⇒ 2x2 + 2 y 2 − 4x − 8 y =−2 ………(2)
Substituting x = 1 from (1) and (2)
2 (1) + 2 y 2 − 4 (1) − 8 y =
2
−2
⇒ 2 + 2 y 2 − 4 − 8 y =−2
⇒ 2 y2 − 8 y − 2 + 2 =0
⇒ 2 y2 − 8 y =
0
⇒ 2 y ( y − 4) =
0
0, or y = 4
⇒y=
Hence the required vertices of the square are (1, 0 ) and (1, 4 )
38.
Sol:
(i) Let, A = ( −1, −2 ) , B = (1, 0 ) , C = ( −1, 2, ) , D ( −3, 0 )
( −1 − 1) + ( −2 − 0 ) = ( −2 ) + ( −2 ) =
2 2 2 2
AB = 4+ 4= 8= 2 2
(1 − ( −1) ) + ( 0 − 2 ) = ( 2 ) + ( −2 ) =
2 2 2 2
BC= 4 + 4= 8= 2 2
( −1 − ( −3) ) + ( 2 − 0 ) ( 2) + ( 2)
2 2 2 2
CD = = = 4 + 4= 8= 2 2
( −1 − ( −3) ) + ( −2 − 0 ) ( 2 ) + ( −2 )
2 2 2 2
AD = = = 4+ 4= 8= 2 2
( −1 − ( −1) ) + ( −2 − 2 )= 02 + ( −4 )=
2 2 2
Diagonal AC − = 4
16
(1 − ( −3) ) + ( 0 − 0 )= ( 4 )
2 2 2
Diagonal BD − + 0=
2
= 4
16
Here, all sides of this quadrilateral are of same length and also diagonals are of same
length. So, given points are vertices of a square
(ii) Let, A = ( −3,5 ) , B = ( 3,1) , C = ( 0,3) , D = ( −1, −4 )
31
______________________________________________________________________________
( −3 − 3) + ( 5 − 1) = ( −6 ) + ( 4) =
2 2 2 2
AB = 36 + 16 = 52 = 2 13
(3 − 0) + (1 − 3) = ( 3) + ( −2 ) =
2 2 2 2
BC= 9 + 4= 13
( 0 − ( −1) ) + ( 3 − ( −4 ) ) = (1) + ( 7 ) =
2 2 2 2
CD= 1 + 49= 50= 5 2
( −3 − ( −1) ) + ( 5 − ( −4 ) ) ( −2 ) + ( 9 )
2 2 2 2
AD = = = 4 + 81 = 85
Here, all sides of this quadrilateral are of different length . So, we can say that it is only a
general quadrilateral not specific like square, rectangle etc.
(iii)=
Let, A (=
4,5 ) , B ( 7,
= 6 ) , C ( 4,3
= ) , D (1, 4 )
(4 − 7) + (5 − 6) = ( −3) + ( −1) =
2 2 2 2
AB = 9 + 1= 10
(7 − 4) + ( 6 − 3) = ( 3) + ( 3) =
2 2 2 2
BC = 9+9 = 18
( 4 − 1) + (3 − 2) = ( 3) + (1) =
2 2 2 2
CD = 9 + 1= 10
( 4 − 1) + (5 − 2) = ( 3) + ( 3) =
2 2 2 2
AD = 9+9 = 18
( 4 − 4) + ( 5 − 3) = (0) + ( 2) =
2 2 2 2
Diagonal AC − 0+4 = 2
( 7 − 1) + (6 − 2) = (6) + ( 4) =
2 2 2 2
Diagonal BD − 36 + 16= 52= 13 2
Here, opposite sides of this quadrilateral are of same length but diagonals are different
length . So, given points are vertices of a parallelogram.
39.
Sol:
Bisector passes through midpoint
 ( 7 + 3) (1 + 5 ) 
Midpoint of= ( 7,1) and ( 3,5) = ,  ( 5,3)
 2 2 
Perpendicular bisector has slope that is negative reciprocal of line segment joining points
( 7,1) and ( 3,5)
 5 −1  4
Slope of line segment =  = = −1
 3 − 7  ( −4 )
Perpendicular bisector has slope = 1 and passes through point ( 4, 4 )
Use point slope form
y − 3= 1( x − 5 )
y= x ⋅ 2
32
______________________________________________________________________________
40.
Sol:
Let the given vertices be A ( 3, 0 ) , B ( 4,5 ) , C ( −1, 4 ) and D ( −2, −1)
( 4 − 3) + (5 − 0) =
2 2
Length of AB = 1 + 25 = 26
( −1 − 4 ) + ( 4 − 5) =
2 2
Length of BC = 25 + 1 = 26
( −2 + 1) + ( −1 − 4 ) =
2 2
Length of CD = 1 + 25 = 26
(3 + 2) + ( 0 + 1) =
2 2
Length of DA= 25 + 1= 26
=
Length of diagonal AC 3 − ( −1)2 + ( 0 − 4 )2 
 
= 16 + 16 = 4 2
=
Length of diagonal BD  4 − ( −2 )2  + 5 − ( −1)  2
   
= 36 + 36 = 6 2
Here all sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are off same lengths but the diagonals are of
different lengths
So, ABCD is a rhombus.
1
Therefore area of rhombus ABCD =× 4 2 × 6 2
2
= 24 square units
41.
Sol:
Let A ( 3,1) , B ( 6, 4 ) and C ( 8, 6 ) be thee given points
( 6 − 3) + ( 4 − 1)
2 2
AB =
( 3) + ( 3)
2 2
⇒ AB=
⇒ AB = 9 + 9
⇒ AB =18
33
______________________________________________________________________________
⇒ AB =
3 2
(8 − 6 ) + (6 − 4)
2 2
BC =
( 2) + ( 2)
2 2
⇒ BC=
⇒ BC = 4 + 4
⇒ BC =8
⇒ BC =
2 2
( 8 − 3) + ( 6 − 1)
2 2
AC =
( 5) + ( 5)
2 2
⇒ AC=
⇒ AC = 25 + 25
⇒ AC =50
⇒ AC = 5 2
Since, AB + BC = AC
Points A, B, C are collinear
Hence, Rohini, Sandhya and Bina are seated in a line
42.
Sol:
Let A ( 5, −2 ) and B ( −3, 2 ) be the given points,
Let P ( 0, y ) be the point on y − axis
PA = PB
PA2 = PB 2
( 0 − 5) + ( y + 2 ) = ( 0 + 3) + ( y − 2 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ 25 + y 2 + 4 + 4 y = 9 + y 2 + 4 − 4 y
⇒ y 2 + 4 y − y 2 + 4 y = 9 + 4 − 4 − 25
⇒ 8y =
−16
⇒y=−2
43.
Sol:
Point ( x, y ) is equidistant form ( 3, 6 ) and ( −3, 4 )
( x − 3) + ( y − 6 ) ( x − ( −3) ) + ( y − 4 )
2 2 2 2
Therefore =
34
______________________________________________________________________________
( x − 3) + ( y − 6) = ( x + 3) + ( y − 4)
2 2 2 2
( x − 3) + ( y − 6 ) = ( x + 3) + ( y − 4 )
2 2 2 2
x 2 + 9 − 6 x + y 2 + 36 − 12 y = x 2 + 9 + 6 x + y 2 + 16 − 8 y
36 − 16 = 6 x + 6 x + 12 y − 8 y
=
20 12 x + 4 y
3x + y =
5
44.
Sol:
A ( 0, 2 ) , B ( 3, P ) and C ( p,5 ) are given points
It is given that AB = AC
∴ AB 2 = AC 2
(3 − 0) + ( p − 2) =( p − 0 ) + ( 5 − 2 )
2 2 2 2
9 + p2 + 4 − 4 p = p2 + 9
4−4p =
0
p =1
Exercise 14.3
1.
Sol:
Let P ( x, y ) be the required point.
mx2 + nx1
x=
m+n
my + ny1
y= 2
m+n
Here, x1 = −1
y1 = 3
x2 = 4
y2 = −7
m : n = 3: 4
3 × 4 + 4 × ( −1)
x= 3
3+ 4
12 − 4
x=
7
35
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8
x=
7
3 × ( −7 ) + 4 × 3
y=
3+ 4
−21 + 12
y=
7
−9
y=
7
 8 −9 
∴ The coordinates of P are  , 
7 7 
2.
Sol:
= PQ
(i) Let P and Q be the point of trisection of AB i.e., AP = QB
( 5, −6 ) ( −7,5)
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2, thereby applying section formula, the
coordinates of P will be
 1( −7 ) + 2 ( 5 )   1( 5 ) + 2 ( −6 )   −7 
 ,  i.e., 1, 
 1+ 2   1+ 2   3 
Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ratio of 2:1 there its coordinates are
 2 ( −7 ) + 1( 5 )  2 ( 5 ) + 1( −6 )  4
 , i.e.,  −3, 
 2 +1  2 +1  3
(ii)
Let P, Q be the point of tri section of AB i.e.,
= PQ
AP = QB
( 3, −2 ) ( −3, −4 )
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2

Hence by applying section formula, Coordinates of P are
  1( −3) + 2 ( 3)  1( −4 ) + 1( −2 )   −8 
  ,  i.e., 1, 
 1+ 2  1+ 2   3 
Now, Q also divides as internally in the ratio of 2:1
36
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So, the coordinates of Q are
  2 ( −3) + 1( 3)  2 ( −4 ) + 1( −2 )   −10 
  ,  i.e.,  −1, 
 2 +1  2 +1   3 
Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB i.e., AP = PQ
= OQ
Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2. Therefore, the coordinates of P, by

applying the section formula, are
  1( −7 ) + 2 ( 2 )   1( 4 ) + 2 ( −2 )  
   ,    , i.e., ( −1, 0 )
  (1 + 2 )   (1 + 2 )  

Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ration 2 : 1. So, the coordinates of Q are
 2 ( −7 ) + 1( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) + 1( 2 ) 
 ,  , i.e., ( −4, 2 )
 2 +1 2 +1 
3.
Sol:
Let P ( x, y ) be the given points.
We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

−2 + 4
x=
2
2
⇒x= =1
2
−1 + 3 2
y= = = 1
2 2
∴ Coordinates of P are (1,1)
37
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4.
Sol:
Let P ( x, y ) be the point of intersection of diagonals AC and 80 of ABCD.

3+ 6 9
=x =
2 2
−2 − 3 −5
=y =
2 2
 9 −5 
Mid – point of AC =  , 
5 2 
Again,
5+ 4 9
=x =
2 2
−5 + 0 −5
=y =
2 2
9 5
=  ,− 
Mid – point of BD
2 2
Here mid-point of AC – Mid - point of BD i.e, diagonals AC and BD bisect each other.
We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other

∴ ABCD is a parallelogram.
5.
Sol:
38
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Let A ( −2, −1) , B (1, 0 ) , C ( 4,3) and D ( x, y ) be the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD taken
in order.
Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ Coordinates of the mid - point of AC = Coordinates of the mid-point of BD.

−2 + 4 1 + x
⇒ =
2 2
2 x +1
⇒ =
2 2
x +1
⇒1=
2
⇒ x + 1 =2
⇒x= 1
−1 + 3 y + 0
And, =
2 2
2 y
⇒ =
2 2
⇒y= 2
Hence, fourth vertex of the parallelogram is (1, 2 )
6.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, −4 ) and C ( −6, −2 ) be the extremities of diagonal AC and B ( −1, −3) , D ( x, y ) be

the extremities of diagonal BD.
Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ Coordinates of mid-point of AC = Coordinates of mid point of BD.
39
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3 − 6 x −1
⇒ =
2 2
−3 x − 1
⇒ =
2 2
⇒ x =−2
−4 + 2 y − 3
And, =
2 2
−2 y − 3
⇒ =
2 2
⇒y= 1
Hence, fourth vertex of parallelogram is ( −2,1)
7.
Sol:
Let the point P ( 2, y ) divide the line segment joining the points A ( −2, 2 ) and B ( 3, 7 ) in the
ratio K :1
Then, the coordinates of P are
 3k + ( −2 ) ×1 7 k + 2 ×1 
 , 
 k +1 k1 
 3k − 2 7 k + 2 
= ,
 k + 1 k + 1 
But the coordinates of P are given as ( 2, y )
3k − 2
∴ = 2
k +1
⇒ 3k − 2 = 2k + 2
⇒ 3k − 2k =2 + 2
⇒k = 4
7k + 2
=y
k +1
Putting the value of k, we get
7×4 + 2
=y
4 +1
30
=y
5
6= y
i.e., y = 6
40
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Hence the ratio is 4 :1 and y = 6.
8.
Sol:
Let A (1,3) , B (1, −1) and C ( 5,1) be the vertices of triangle ABC and let AD be the median
through A.
Since, AD is the median, D is the mid-point of BC
 1 + 5 −1 + 1 
∴ Coordinates of D are  ,  = ( 3, 0 )
 2 2 
( 3 + 1) + ( 0 − 3)
2 2
Length of median AD =
( 4 ) + ( −3)
2 2
=
= 16 + 9
= 25
= 5 units.
9.
Sol:
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC.
41
______________________________________________________________________________
Let D (1,1) , E ( 2, −3) and F ( 3, 4 ) be the mid-points of sides BC , CA and AB respectively.

Since, D is the mid-point of BC.
x +x y + y3
∴ 2 3 = 1 and 2 =1
2 2
⇒ x2 + x3 = 2 and y2 + y3 =2 ………..(i)
Similarly E and F are the mid-points of CA and AB respectively.
x +x y + y3
∴ 1 3= 2 and 1 = −3
2 2
⇒ x1 + x3 = 4 and y1 + y3 = 6 ………..(ii)
x1 + x2 y + y2
And, = 3 and 1 =4
2 2
⇒ x1 + x2 = 6 and y1 + y2 =8 ………..(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
x2 + x3 + x1 + x3 + x1 + x2 =2 + 4 + 6 and
y2 + y3 + y1 + y3 + y1 + y2 =2 + ( −6 ) + 8
12 and 2 ( y1 + y2 + y3 ) =
⇒ 2 ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) = 4
x1 + x2 + x3 =
6 and y1 + y2 + y3 =
2 ………..(iv)
From (i) and (iv) we get
x1 + 2 =6 and y1 + 2 =2
⇒ x1 =6 − 2 and ⇒ y2 =2 − 2 2
⇒ x1 =
4 ⇒ y1 =
0
So the coordinates of A are ( 4, 0 )
From (ii) and (iv) we get
x2 + 4 =6 and y2 + ( −6 ) =2
⇒ x2 =
2 ⇒ y2 − 6 =2 ⇒ y2 =
8
So the coordinates of B are ( 2,8 )
From (iii) and (iv) we get
6 + x3 =6 and 8 + y 3 =2
⇒ x3 = 6 − 6 ⇒ y3 = 2 − 8
⇒ x3 =
0 and y3 = −6
So the coordinates of C are ( 0, −6 )
Hence, the vertices of triangle ABC are:
A ( 4, 0 ) , B ( 2,8 ) and C ( 0, −6 )
42
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10.
Sol:
Let A (1,1) , be the given vertex

And, D ( −2,3) , E ( 5, 2 ) be the mid-point of AB and AC respectively,
Now, since D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC

x1 + 1 y +1
=−2, 1 = 3
2 2
⇒ x1 + 1 =−4 ⇒ y 1 + 1 =6
⇒ x1 =−5 ⇒ y1 =5
So, the coordinates of B are ( −5,5 )
x2 + 1 y 2 +1
=
And, 5,= 2
2 2
⇒ x2 + 1 = 10 ⇒ y2 + 1 = 4
⇒ x2 =
9 ⇒ y2 =
3
So the coordinates of C are ( 9,3)
Hence, the over vertices are B ( −5,5 ) and C ( 9,3)
43
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11.
Sol:
Suppose y − axis divides PQ in the ration K :1 at R

Then, the coordinates of the point of division are:
 3k + ( −2 ) ×1 7 k + ( −3) ×1 
R , 
 k +1 k +1 
 3k − 2 7 k − 3 
= R ,
 k + 1 k + 1 
Since, R lies on y − axis and x − coordinate of every point on y-axis is zero
3k − 2
∴ =0
k +1
⇒ 3k − 2 =0
⇒ 3k = 2
2
⇒k =
3
2
Hence, the required ratio is :1
3
i.e., 2 : 3
2
Putting k = in the coordinates of R
3
We get, ( 0,1)
Let the point P divide AB in the ratio K :1

 −8k − 3 −9k − 1 
Then, the coordinates of P are  ,
 k +1 k + 1 
44
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 −21 
But the coordinates of P are given as  −5, 
 5 
−8k − 3
∴ = −5
k +1
⇒ −8k − 3 = −5k − 5
⇒ −8k + 5k = −5 + 3
⇒ −3k = −2
2
⇒k =
3
2
Hence, the point P divides AB in the ratio :1 ⇒ 2 : 3
3
12.
Sol:
Since, ( x, y ) is the mid-point

3+ k 4 + 7 11
=x = ,y =
2 2 2
Again,
2x + 2 y +1 =0
⇒ 2×
( 3 × k ) + 2 × 11 + 1 =0
2 2
⇒ 3 + k + 11 + 1 =0
⇒ 3 + k + 12 = 0
⇒ k + 15 = 0
⇒k = −15
13.
Sol:
Suppose the line x − y − 2 =0 divides the line segment joining A ( 3, −1) and B ( 8,9 ) in the
ratio K :1 at point P. Then the coordinates of P are
 8k + 3 9k − 1 
 , 
 k +1 k +1 
But P lies on x − y − 2 = 0
8k + 3 9k − 1
∴ − −2 =0
k +1 k +1
45
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8k + 3 9k − 1
⇒ − = 2
k +1 k +1
8k + 3 − 9k + 1
⇒ = 2
k +1
⇒ −k + 4= 2k + 2
⇒ − k − 2k = 2 − 4
2
⇒ −3k = −2 ⇒ k =
3
So, the required ratio is 2 : 3
14.
Sol:
(i) Suppose x − axis divides AB in the ratio K :1 at point P
Then, the coordinates of the point of division of division are
 5k − 2 6k − 3 
P ,
 k + 1 k + 1 
Since, P lies on x-axis, and y-coordinates of every point on x-axis is zero.
6k − 3
∴ = 0
k +1
⇒ 6k − 3 = 0
⇒ 6k = 3
3 1
⇒k = ⇒k =
6 2
Hence, the required ratio is 1: 2
1
Putting k = in the coordinates of P
2
1 
We find that its coordinates are  , 0  .
3 
(ii) Suppose y-axis divides AB in the ratio k :1 at point Q.

Then, the coordinates of the point of division are
 5k − 2 6k − 3 
Q , 
 k +1 k +1 
Since, Q lies on y − axis and x-coordinates of every point on y-axis is zero.
5k − 2
∴ =0
k +1
⇒ 5k − 2 =0
46
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2
⇒k =
5
2
Hence, the required ratio is :1 = 2 : 5
5
2
Putting k = in thee coordinates of Q.
5
 −3 
We find that the coordinates are  0, 
 7 
15.
Sol:
Let A ( 4,5 ) , B ( 7, 6 ) , C ( 6,3) and D ( 3, 2 ) be the given points.

And, P the points of intersection of AC and BD.
 4+6 5+3
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC are  ,  = ( 5, 4 )
 2 2 
 7+3 6+2
Coordinates of the mid-point of BD are  ,  = ( 5, 4 )
 2 2 
Thus, AC and BD have the same mid-point.
Now, we shall see whether ABCD is a rectangle.
We have,
( 6 − 4 ) + ( 3 − 5)
2 2
AC =
⇒ AC = 4 + 4
⇒ AC =8
( 7 − 3) + ( 6 − 2 )
2 2
And, BD +
⇒ BD = 16 + 16
⇒ BD = 32
Since, AC ≠ BD
So, ABCD is not a rectangle
47
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16.
Sol:
Let A ( 4,3) , B ( 6, 4 ) , C ( 5, 6 ) and D ( 3,5 ) be the given points.

 4+5 3+ 6   9 9 
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC are  , = , 
 2 2  2 2
 6+3 4+5  9 9
Coordinates of the mid-point of BD are  , = , 
 2 2  2 2
AC and BD have the same mid-point
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram
Now,
( 6 − 4 ) + ( 4 − 3)
2 2
AB =
⇒ AB = 4 + 1
⇒ AB =5
( 6 − 5) + ( 4 − 6 )
2 2
And, BC =
⇒ BC = 1 + 4
⇒ BC = 5
∴ AB = BC
So, ABCD is a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are equal
We have,
( 5 − 4 ) + ( 6 − 3)
2 2
AC =
⇒ AC =10
( 6 − 3) + ( 4 − 5 )
2 2
BD =
⇒ BD = 10
AC = BD
Hence, ABCD is a square
48
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17.
Sol:
Let A ( −4, −1) , B ( −2, −4 ) , C ( 4, 0 ) and D ( 2,3) be the given points

 −4 + 4 −1 + 0   −1 
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC are  ,  =  0, 
 2 2   2 
 −2 + 2 −4 + 3   −1 
Coordinates of the mid-point of BD are  ,  =  0, 
 2 2   2 
Thus AC and BD have the same mid-point
( 4 + 4 ) + ( 0 + 1)
2 2
AC = = 65
( −2 − 2 ) + ( −4 − 3)
2 2
BD = = 65
Hence ABCD is a rectangle
18.
Sol:
Let AD, BF and CE be the medians of ∆ABCD

 5 +1 1 −1 
Coordinates of D are  ,  = ( 3, 0 )
 2 2 
 −1 + 1 3 − 1 
Coordinates of E are  ,  = ( 0,1)
 2 2 
49
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 5 −1 1 + 3 
Coordinates of F are  ,  = ( 2, 2 )
 2 2 
( −1 − 3) + ( 3 − 0 )
2 2
Length of AD = = 5 units
( 2 − 1) + ( 2 + 1)
2 2
Length of BF = = 10 units
( 5 − 0 ) + (1 − 1)
2 2
Length of CE= = 5 units
19.
Sol:
Let A ( a + b, a − b ) , B ( 2a + b, 2a − b ) , C ( a − b, a + b ) and ( x, y ) be the given points

Since, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
∴ Coordinates of the midpoint of AC = Coordinates of the midpoint of BD
 a + b + a − b a − b + a + b   2a + b + x 2a − b + y 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
 2a + b + x 2a − b + y 
⇒ ( a, a ) =
 , 
 2 2 
2a + b + x 2a − b + y
⇒ = a and =a
2 2
⇒ 2a + b + x = 2a ⇒ 2a − b + y = 2a
⇒ x =−b ⇒ y =b
Hence, the fourth vertex is ( −b, b ) .
50
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20.
Sol:
Let A ( 3, 2 ) , B ( −1, 0 ) , C ( x1 , y1 ) and D ( x2 , y2 ) be the given points.

Since, the diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
Coordinates of the midpoint of AC = Coordinates of the midpoint of BD
 x1 + 3 y1 + 2   x2 − 1 y2 + 0 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
x +3 y +2
But 1 = 2, 1 = −5
2 2
⇒ x1 + 3 =4 ⇒ y1 =−10 − 2
⇒ x1 =
1 ⇒ y1 =−12
x2 − 1
And, =2
2
⇒ x2 − 1 =4
⇒ x2 =
5
y2 + 0
= −5
2
y2 = −10
Hence, the other vertices of parallelogram are (1, −12 ) and ( 5, −10 ) .
21.
Sol:
( )
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C x3 , y 3 be the vertices of ∆ABC
51
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Let D ( 3, 4 ) , E ( 4, 6 ) and F ( 5, 7 ) be the midpoints of BC , CA and AB.

Since, D is the midpoint of BC
x +x y + y3
∴ 2 3= 3 and 2 =4
2 2
⇒ x2 + x3 = 6 and y2 + y3 =8 ……….(i)
Since, E is the midpoint of CA
x +x y +y
∴ 1 3= 4 and 1 3 = 6
2 2
∴ x1 + x3 = 8 and y1 + y3 =
12 ……….(ii)
Since F is the mid-point of AB
x1 + x2 y + y2
= 5 and 1 =7
2 2
⇒ x1 + x2 = 10 and y1 + y3 =
14 ……….(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x2 + x3 + x1 + x3 + x1 + x2 =6 + 8 + 10
x1 + x2 + x3 =
12 ……….(iv)
And y2 + y3 + y1 + y3 + y1 + y2 =8 + 12 + 14
y1 + y2 + y3 =
17 ……….(iv)
From (i) and (iv)
x1 +=
6 12, y1 += 8 17
=
x1 6,=
y1 9
From (ii) and (iv)
x2 +=
8 12, y2 + 12
= 17
=
x2 4,=
y2 5
From (iii) and (iv)
x3 + 10= 12, y3 + 14= 17
=
x3 2,=
y3 3
Hence the vertices of triangle ABC are ( 6,9 ) ; ( 4,5 ) ; ( 2,3)
22.
Sol:
We are given PQ is the line segment, A and B are the points of trisection of PQ.
We know that PA : QA = 1: 2
52
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So, the coordinates of A are
 6 ×1 + 3 × 2 −6 ×1 + 3 × 2 
 , 
 2 +1 2 +1 
12
= ,0
3
= ( 4, 0 )
Since, A lies on the line
2x + y + k = 0
⇒ 2× 4 + 0 + k =0
⇒ 8+ k = 0
⇒ 8 + k =−8
23.
Sol:
Let A ( −2, −1) , B (1, 0 ) , C ( x,3) and D (1, y ) be the given points.
We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
∴ Coordinates of the mid-point of AC = Coordinates of the mid-point of BD
 x − 2 3 −1   1 +1 y + 0 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
 x−2   y 
⇒ ,1 = 1, 
 2   2
x−2 y
⇒ =1 and = 1
2 2
⇒ x−2= 2⇒ y = 2
⇒x=4⇒y=
2
53
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24.
Sol:
Let A ( 2, 0 ) , B ( 9,1) , C (11, 6 ) and D ( 4, 4 ) be the given points.

 11 + 2 6 + 0   13 
Coordinates of midpoint AC are  ,  =  ,3 
 2 2   2 
 9 + 4 1 + 4   13 5 
Coordinates of midpoint BD are  , = , 
 2 2   2 2
Since, coordinates of mid-point of AC ≠ coordinates of mid-point of BD.
So, ABCD, is not a parallelogram. Hence, it is not a rhombus.
25.
Sol:
Let A (1, −2 ) , B ( 3, 6 ) , C ( 5,10 ) and D ( x, y ) be the given points taken in order.

Since, diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other
Coordinates of mid-point of AC = Coordinates of midpoint of BD
 5 + 1 10 − 2   x + 3 y + 6 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
x+3 y+6
⇒ ( 3, 4 ) =,
2 2
x+3 y+6
⇒ =3 and =4
2 2
⇒ x += 3 6 ⇒ y +=6 8
54
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=
⇒x 3 =
⇒y 2
Hence, the fourth vertex is ( 3, 2 ) .
26.
Sol:
Let A ( a, −11) , B ( 5, b ) , C ( 2,15 ) and D (1,1) be the given points.

We know that diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ Coordinates of mid-point of AC = Coordinates of mid-point of BD
 a + 2 15 − 11   5 + 1 b + 1 
 , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
a+2 b +1
⇒ =3 and =2
2 2
⇒ a +=2 6 ⇒ b += 1 4
=
⇒a 4 =⇒b 3
27.
Sol:
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC

Let D ( 3, −2 ) , E ( −3,1) and F ( 4, −3) be the midpoint of sides BC , CA and AB respectively
x +x y + y3
∴ 2 3= 3 and 2 = −2
2 2
⇒ x2 + x3 = 6 and y2 + y3 = −4 …….(i)
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Similarly, E and F are the midpoint of CA and AB respectively.
x +x y + y3
∴ 1 3= −3 and 1 =1
2 2
⇒ x1 + x3 = −6 and y1 + y3 = 2 …….(ii)
And,
x +x y + y2
∴ 1 2 = 4 and 1 = −3
2 2
8 and y1 + y2 =
⇒ x1 + x2 = −6 …….(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we have
x2 + x3 + x1 + x3 + x1 + x2 =6 + ( −6 ) + 8 and
y2 + y3 + y1 + y3 + y1 + y2 =−4 + 2 − 6
8 and 2 ( y1 + y2 + y3 ) =
⇒ 2 ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) = −8
⇒ x1 + x2 + x3 =
4 and y1 + y2 + y3 =
−4 …….(iv)
From (i) and (iv)
x1 + 6 =4 and y1 − 4 =−4
⇒ x1 =−2 ⇒ y1 =
0
So, the coordinates of A are ( −2, 0 )
From (ii) and (iv)
x2 − 6 =4 and y2 + 2 =−4
⇒ x2 =
10 ⇒ y2 =
−6
So, the coordinates of B are (10, −6 )
From (iii) and (iv)
x3 + 8 =4 and y3 − 6 =−4
⇒ x3 =
−4 ⇒ y3 =
2
So, the coordinates of C are ( −4, 2 )
Hence, the vertices of ∆ABC are A ( −2, 0 ) , B (10, 6 ) and C ( −4, 2 ) .
56
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28.
Sol:
Let A ( 0,1) , B ( 2,1) and C ( 0,3) be the given points

Let AD, BE and CF be the medians
 2 + 0 1+ 3 
Coordinates of D are  ,  = (1, 2 )
 2 2 
 0 3 −1 
Coordinates of E are  ,  = ( 0,1)
2 2 
 2 + 0 1−1 
Coordinates of F are  ,  = (1, 0 )
 2 2 
(1 − 0 ) + ( 2 + 1)
2 2
Length of median AD = = 10 units
( 2 − 0 ) + (1 − 1) =
2 2
Length of median BE= 2 units
(1 − 0 ) + ( 0 − 3)
2 2
Length of median CF = = 10 units
29.
Sol:
Let A ( 5,1) , B (1,5 ) and C ( −3, −1) be vertices of ∆ABC
57
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Let AD, BE and CF be the medians
 1− 3 5 −1 
Coordinates of D are  ,  = ( −1, 2 )
 2 2 
 5 − 3 1 −1 
Coordinates of E are  ,  = (1, 0 )
 2 2 
 5 +1 1+ 5 
Coordinates of F are  ,  = ( 3,3)
 2 2 
( 5 + 1) + (1 − 2 )
2 2
Length of median AD= = 37 units
(1 − 1) + ( 5 − 0 )
2 2
Length of median BE = = 5 units
( 3 + 3) + ( 3 + 1)
2 2
Length of median CF = = 2 13 = 52 units
30.
Sol:
Let A ( −4, 0 ) and B ( 0, 6 ) be the given points.

And, Let P, Q, R be the points which divide AB in four equal points..
We know AP : PB = 1: 3
∴ Coordinates of P are
 1× 0 + 3 ( −4 ) 1× 6 + 3 × 0 
 , 
 1 + 3 1+ 3 
 3
=  −3, 
 2
We know that Q is midpoint of AB
∴ Coordinates of Q are
 3 × 0 + 1× ( −4 ) 3 × 6 + 1× 0 
 , 
 3 + 1 3 +1 
 9
=  −1, 
 2
31.
Sol:
Let A ( 5, 7 ) , B ( 3,9 ) , C ( 8, 6 ) and D ( 0,,10 ) be the given points
58
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 5+3 7+9
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB are  ,  = ( 4,8 )
 2 2 
 8 + 0 6 + 10 
Coordinates of the mid-point of CD are  ,  = ( 4,8 )
 2 2 
Hence, the midpoints of AB = midpoint of CD.
32.
Sol:
Let P (1, 2 ) , A ( 6,8 ) and B ( 2, 4 ) be thee given points.
Coordinates of midpoint of the line segment joining A ( 6,8 ) and B ( 2, 4 ) are
 6+ 2 8+ 4
Q ,  = Q ( 4, 6 )
 2 2 
( 4 − 1) + ( 6 − 2 )
2 2
Now, distance PQ =
⇒ PQ = 9 + 16
⇒ PQ =25
⇒ PQ =
5
Hence, the distant = 5 units
33.
Sol:
Let A (1, 4 ) and B ( 5, 2 ) be the given points.

AP 3
We know that =
BP 4
Or, AP : BP = 3 : 4
Coordinates of P are
 3 × 5 + 4 ×1 3 × 2 + 4 × 4 
 , 
 3+ 4 3+ 4 
 19 22 
= , 
 7 7 
59
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34.
Sol:
Let A (1, 0 ) , B ( 5,3) , C ( 2, 7 ) and D ( −2, 4 ) be the given points

 1+ 2 0 + 7   3 7 
Coordinates of the midpoint of AC are  , = , 
 2 2  2 2
 5− 2 3+ 4   3 7 
Coordinates of the midpoint of BD are  , = , 
 2 2  2 2
Since, coordinates of midpoint of AC = coordinates off midpoint of BD
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram as we know diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
35.
Sol:
Let P ( m, 6 ) divides the join of A ( −4,3) and B ( 2,8 ) in the ratio K :1

 2k + 1× ( −4 ) 8k + 1× 3 
 , 
 k +1 k +1 
 2k − 4 8k + 3 
= , 
 k +1 k +1 
8k + 3
But, =6
k +1
⇒ 8k + 3 = 6k + 6
⇒ 8k − 6k = 3
3
⇒k =
2
Hence, P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 2
Again,
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2k − 4
=m
k +1
3
Substituting k = , we get
2
3
2× − 4
2 =m
3
+1
2
−1
⇒ = m
5
2
−2
⇒ = m
5
−2
∴m =
5
36.
Sol:
Let P ( −6, a ) divides the join of A ( −3,1) and B ( −8,9 ) in the ratio k :1
 −8k − 3 9k + 1 
 , 
 k +1 k +1 
−8k − 3
But, = −6
k +1
⇒ −8k − 3 = −6k − 6
⇒ −8k + 6k = −6 + 3
⇒ −2k = −3
3
⇒k =
2
Hence, P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 2
Again
9k + 1
=a
k +1
3
Substituting k =
2
We get,
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3
9× +1
2 =a
3
+1
2
29
⇒ 2 = a
5
2
29
⇒ = a
5
29
∴a =
5
37.
Sol:
5 
We have P ( p, −2 ) and Q  , q  are the points of trisection of the line segment joining
3 
A ( 3, −4 ) and B (1, 2 )
We know AP : PB = 1: 2
∴ Coordinates of P are
 1×1 + 2 × 3 1× 2 + 2 × ( −4 ) 
 , 
 1+ 2 1+ 2 
7 
=  , −2 
3 
7
Hence, P =
3
Again we know that AQ : QB = 2 :1
∴ Coordinates of Q are
 2 ×1 + 1× 3 2 × 2 + 1× ( −4 ) 
 , 
 2 + 1 2 +1 
5 
=  ,0
3 
Hence, q = 0
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38.
Sol:
Since, P is the point of trisection of the line segment joining the point A ( 2,1) and B ( 5, −8 )
We have AP : PB = 1: 2
∴ Coordinates of the point P are
 1× 5 + 2 × 2 1× ( −8 ) + 2 ×1 
 , 
 1+ 2 1+ 2 
= ( 3, −2 )
But, P lies on the line
2x − y + k = 0
⇒ 2 × 3 − ( −2 ) + k =0
⇒ 6+2+k = 0
⇒ 8+ k =0
⇒k = −8
39.
Sol:
The Coordinates of point A and B are ( −2, −2 ) and ( 2, −4 ) respectively

3
Since AP = AB
7
Therefore AP : PB = 3 : 4
So, point P divides the line segment AB in a ratio 3 : 4.
 3 × 2 + 4 × ( −2 ) 3 × ( −4 ) + 4 × ( −2 ) 
Coordinates of P =  , 
 3+ 4 3+ 4 
 6 − 8 −12 − 8 
= , 
 7 7 
 −2 20 
= , 
 7 7 
63
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40.
Sol:
From the figure we have points X, Y, Z are dividing the line segment in a ratio 1: 3,1:1,3 :1
respectively.
 1 + 2 + 3 × ( −2 ) 1× 8 + 3 × 2 
Coordinates of X =  , 
 1 + 3 1+ 3 
 7
=  −1, 
 2
 2 + ( −2 ) 2 + 8 
Coordinates of Y =  , 
 2 2 
= ( 0,5 )
 3 × 2 + 1× ( −2 ) 3 × 8 + 1× 2 
Coordinates of Z =  , 
 3 +1 3 +1 
 13 
= 1, 
 2
41.
Sol:
(i) Median AD of the triangle will divide the side BC in two equals parts. So D is the
midpoint of side BC.
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 6 +1 5 + 4   7 9 
=
Coordinates of D = ,   , 
 2 2  2 2
(ii) Point P divides the side AD in a ratio 2:1
 7 9 
 2 × 6 + 1× 4 2 × 2 + 1× 2 
Coordinates of P =  , 
 2 +1 2 +1 
 
 11 11 
= , 
3 3
(iii) Median BE of the triangle will divide the side AC in two equal parts. So E is the
midpoint of side AC.
 4 +1 2 + 4   5 
=
Coordinates of E = ,   ,3 
 2 2  2 
Point Q divides the side BE in a ratio 2:1
 5 
 2 × 2 + 1× 6 2 × 3 + 1× 5   11 11 
=
Coordinates of Q = ,   , 
 2 +1 2 +1   3 3 
 
Median CF of the triangle will divide the side AB in two equal parts. So F is the midpoint
of side AB.
 4 + 6 2 +1   7 
=
Coordinates of F = ,   5, 
 2 2   2
Point R divides the side CF in a ratio 2:1.
 7 
 2 × 5 + 1×1 2 × 2 + 1× 4   11 11 
=
Coordinates of R = ,   , 
 2 +1 2 +1   3 3 
 
(iv) Now we may observe that coordinates of point P, Q, R are same. So, all these are
representing same point on the plane i.e. centroid of the triangle.
42.
Sol:
65
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( −1 − 2 ) +  − 4  =
2 3 25 61
Length of PQ = 9+ =
2  4 4
2
( 2 − 5) +  4 −  =
2 3 25 61
Length of QR = 9+ =
 2 4 4
2
3  25 61
Length of RS = ( 5 − 2 ) +  + 1 = 9 +
2
=
2  4 4
2
 3 25 61
( 2 + 1)
2
Length of SP= +  −1 −  = 9+ =
 2 4 4
2
( −1 − 5) +  −  =6
2 3 3
Length of PR
2 2
( 2 − 2 ) + ( 4 + 1)
2 2
Length of QS =
5
Here all sides of given quadrilateral is of same measure but the diagonals are of different
lengths. So, PQRS is a rhombus.
43.
Sol:
Let A ( −3, 2 ) , B ( −5, −5 ) , C ( 2, −3) and D ( 4, 4 ) be the given points

 −3 + 2 2 − 3   −1 −1 
Coordinates of the midpoint of AC are  , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
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 −5 + 4 −5 + 4   −1 −1 
Coordinates of the midpoint of BD are  , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
Thus, AC and BD have the same midpoint
( −5 + 3) + ( −5 − 2 )
2 2
Now, AB =
⇒ AB = 4 + 49
⇒ AB =53
( −5 − 2 ) + ( −5 + 3)
2 2
Now, BC =
⇒ BC = 49 + 4
⇒ BC = 53
∴ AB = BC
So, ABCD is a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are equal.
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.
44.
Sol:
Let P ( 5, −6 ) and Q ( −1, −4 ) be the given points.
Let y-axis divide PQ in the ratio k :1
Then, the coordinates of the point of division are
 −k + 5 −4k − 6 
R ,
 k +1 k + 1 
Since, R lies on y-axis and x-coordinates of every point on y-axis is zero
−k + 5
∴ = 0
k +1
⇒ −k + 5 =0
⇒k = 5
Hence, the required ratio is 5 :1
Putting k = 5 in the coordinates of R, we get
 −5 + 5 −4 × 5 − 6 
 , 
 5 +1 5 +1 
 −13 
=  0, 
 3 
 13 
Hence, the coordinates of the point of division are  0, −  .
 3
67
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45.
Sol:
Let A ( 6,1) , B ( 8, 2 ) , C ( 9, 4 ) and D ( k , p ) be the given points.

Since, ABCD is a parallelogram
Coordinates of midpoint of AC = Coordinates of the midpoints of BD
 6 + 9 1+ 4   8 + k 2 + p 
⇒ , = , 
 2 2   2 2 
 15 5   8 + k 2 + p 
⇒ , =  , 
 2 2  2 2 
8 + k 15 2+ p 5
⇒ = and =
2 2 2 2
⇒ 8 += k 15 ⇒ 2 + = p 5
=
⇒k 7 ⇒
= p 3
46.
Sol:
Let ( −4, 6 )
Divide AB internally in the ratio k :1 using thee section formula, we get
 3k − 6 −8k + 10 
( −4, 6 ) =
 ,  ……..(2)
 k +1 k +1 
3k − 6
So, −4 =
k +1
i.e., −4k − 4 = 3k − 6
i.e., 7 k = 2
i.e., k :1 = 2 : 7
You c check for the y-coordinate also. So, the point ( −4, 6 ) divides the line segment j
joining the points A ( −6,10 ) and B ( 3, −8 ) in the ratio 2: 7
68
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47.
Sol:
Let coordinates of point A be ( x, y )
Mid-point of diameter AB is center of circle ( 2, −3)
 x +1 y + 4 
( 2, −3) =
 , 
 2 2 
x +1 y+4
= 2 and = −3
2 2
x + 1 =4 and y + 4 =−6
x = 3 and y = −10
Therefore coordinates of A are ( 3,10 )
48.
Sol:
Given points are A ( 3, −5 ) and B ( −4,8 )
P divides AB in the ratio k :1,
Using the section formula, we have:
Coordinate of point P are {( −4k + 3 / k + 1)(8k − 5 / k + 1)}
Now it is given, that P lies on the line x + y =0
Therefore
−4k + 3 / k + 1 + 8k − 5 / k + 1 =
0
⇒ −4k + 3 + 8k − 5 =0
⇒ 4k − 2 = 0
⇒k = 2/4
⇒k = 1/ 2
1
Thus, the value of k is .
2
Exercise 14.4
1.
Sol:
We know that the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are
( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) , ( x3 , y3 ) are
69
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 x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 
 , 
 3 3 
So, the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are
1 −1 + 3 4 −1 − 2 
(1, 4 ) , ( −1, −1) and ( 3, −2 ) are  , 
 3 3 
 1
= 1, 
 3
2.
Sol:
Let the coordinates of the third vertex bee ( x, y ) , Then
Coordinates of centroid of triangle are
 x +1+ 3 y + 2 + 5 
 , 
 3 3 
We have centroid is at origin ( 0, 0 )
x +1+ 3 y+2+5
∴ = 0 and = 0
3 3
⇒ x+=4 0 ⇒ y+7
= 0
⇒x=−4 ⇒y=−7
3.
Sol:
Let ABC be a triangle such that BC is along x-axis

Coordinates of A, B and C are ( x, y ) , ( 0, 0 ) and ( x1 , y1 )
70
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D and E are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively
 x+0 y+0
Coordinates of D are  , 
 2 2 
x y
= , 
2 2
 x + x1 y + y1 
Coordinates of E are  , 
 2 2 
=
Length of BC x12 + y12
 x + x1 x   x + y1 y 
2 2
=
Length of DE  −  + − 
 2 2  2 2
2 2
 x1   y1 
=   + 
2 2
x12 y12
= +
4 4
=
4
(
1 2
x1 + y12 )
1 2
= x1 + y12
2
1
= BC
2
4.
Sol:
Let OBCD be the quadrilateral P, Q, R, S be the midpoint off OB, CD, OD and BC.
71
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Let the coordinates of O, B, C , D are ( 0, 0 ) , ( x, 0 ) , ( x, y ) and ( 0, y )

x 
Coordinates of P are  , 0 
2 
x 
Coordinates of Q are  , y 
2 
 y
Coordinates of R are  0, 
 2
 y
Coordinates of S are  x, 
 2
Coordinates of midpoint of PQ are
x x 
 2 + 2 0+ y  x y 
 ,  = , 
 2 2  2 2
 
 y y
 (0 + x) 2 + 2   x y 
Coordinates of midpoint of RS are  , = ,
 2 2   2 2 
 
Since, the coordinates of the mid-point of PQ = coordinates of mid-point of RS
∴ PQ and RS bisect each other
5.
Sol:
Let A ( 0, 0 ) , B ( a, 0 ) , and C ( c, d ) are the o-ordinates of triangle ABC
c + 0 + a d 
Hence, G  , 
 3 3
a + c d 
i.e., G  ,
 3 3 
let P ( x, y )
To prove:
PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 = GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2 + 3GP 2
Or, PA2 + PB 2 + PC 2 = GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2 + GP 2 + GP 2 + GP 2
Or, PA2 − GP 2 + PB 2 − GP 2 + PC 2 + GP 2 = GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2
Proof:
PA=
2
x2 + y 2
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a+c 
2 2
 d
GP 2 =  x −  + y− 
 3   3
PB 2 =( x − a ) + y 2
2
PC 2 = ( x − c ) + ( y − d )
2 2
L.H.S
 2  a + c 2 ( a + c ) + y 2 + d 2 − 2 yd  + x − a 2 + y 2
= x + y − x +  +  ( )
2 2
 2 x
  3  3 9 3 
 2  a + c 2 a+c d 2 2 yd 
 + ( x − c) + ( y − d )
2 2
− x +   − 2 x   + y 2
+ −
  3   3  9 3 
 2  a + c 2  a+c 2 d
2
2 yd 
− x +   − 2 x   + y + − 
  3   3  9 3 
= x 2 + y + x 2 + x 2 + a 2 − 2ax + y 2 + x 2 + c 2 − 2 xc + y 2 + d 2 − 2 yd − 3
 2  a + c 2  a+c 2 d
2
2 yd 
 x +   − 2 x   + y + − 
  3   3  9 3 
(a + c)
2
d2
= 3x + 3y + a + c + d − 2ax − 2 xc − 2 yd − 3 x
2 2 2 2 2 2
− + 2x ( a + c) − 3y2 − + 2 yd
3 3
a + c + 2ac
2 2
d2
= a 2 + c 2 + d 2 − 2ax − 2xc − 2 yd − + 2ax + 2cx − + 2 yd
3 3
3a 2 + 3c 2 + 3d 2 − a 2 − c 2 − 2ac − d 2 2a 2 + 2c 2 + 2d 2 − 2ac
= = L.H .S
3 3
Solving R.H.S
GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2
a+c d  a 2 + c 2 + 2ac d 2
2 2
GA= 
2
+
   = +
 3  3 9 9
 a+c   d   c − 2a   d 
2 2 2 2
GC =2
 =a +  =  + 
 3  3  3  3
a 2 + 4c 2 − 4ca 4d 2
= +
9 9
 a+c   d   c − 2a   d 
2 2 2 2
GB 2=  − a  +  =   + 
 3  3  3  3
c 2 + 4a 2 − 4ac d 2
= +
9 9
73
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a 2 + c 2 + 2ac d 2 a 2 + 4c 2 − 4ac 4d 2 c 2 + 4a 2 − 4ac d 2

GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2 = + + + + +
9 9 9 9 9 9
a 2 + c 2 + 2ac + d 2 + a 2 + 4c 2 − 4ac + 4d 2 + c 2 + 4a 2 − 4ac + d 2
=
9
6a 2 + 6c 2 + 6d 2 + 6ac 2a 2 + 2c 2 + 2d 2 + 2ac
=
9 3
∴ L.H .S = R.H .S
6.
Sol:
Let A ( b, c ) , B ( 0, 0 ) and C ( a, 0 ) be the coordinates of ∆ABC
a +b c
Then coordinates of centroid are G  ,
 3 3 
To prove:
(
AB 2 + BC 2 + CA2= 3 GA2 + GB 2 + GC 2 )
Solving L.H.S
AB 2 + BC 2 + CA2
= b2 + c2 + a 2 ( a − b ) + c2
2
= b 2 + c 2 + a 2 + a 2 + b 2 − 2ab + c 2
= 2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 − 2ab
Solving R.H.S
 a + b 2
  c   a+b  c   a+b
2 2 2
 c 
2 2
3  −b + c −  +  +
    + − a +
   
 3   3  3  3  2   3  
 a − 2b  2  2c  2  a + b  2  c  2  b − 2a  2  c  2 
= 3   +  +  +  +  +  
 3   3   3   3   3   3  
 a 2 + 4b 2 − 4ab 4c 2 a 2 + b 2 + 2ab c 2 b 2 + 4a 2 − 4ab c 2 
= 3 + + + + + 
 9 9 9 9 9 9
 a 2 + 4b 2 − 4ab + 4c 2 + a 2 + b 2 + 2ab + c 2 + b 2 + 4a 2 − 4ab + c 2 
= 3 
 9 
 6a 2 + 6b 2 + 6c 2 − 6ab 
= 3 
 9 
 2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 − 2ab 
= 3× 3  
 9 
74
______________________________________________________________________________
= 2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 − 2ab
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S proved
7.
Sol:
Let A ( x1 , y2 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC

Let D ( −2,3) , E ( 4, −3) and F ( 4,5 ) be the midpoints of sides BC , CA and AB respectively
x2 + x3 y + y3
=−2 and 2 = 3
2 2
⇒ x2 + x3 = −4 and y 2 + y 3 =6 …………(i)
x1 + x3 y +y
And, = 4 and 1 3 = −3
2 2
⇒ x1 + x2 = 8 and y1 + y 3 =−6 …………(ii)
x +x y + y2
=
And, 1 2 4= and 1 5
2 2
⇒ x=
1 + x2 8 and y1=
+ y 3 10 …………(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x2 + x3 + x1 + x3 + x1 + x2 =−4 + 8 + 8 and
y2 + y3 + y1 + y3 + y1 + y2 =6 − 6 + 10
12 and 2 ( y1 + y2 + y3 ) =
⇒ 2 ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) = 10
⇒ x1 + x2 + x3 =
6 and y1 + y2 + y3 =
5 …………(iv)
From (i) and (iv), we get
=
x1 − 4 6 and = y1 + 6 5
⇒ x1 =
10 ⇒ y1 =
−1
75
______________________________________________________________________________
So, the coordinates of A are (10, −1)
From (ii) and (iv)

=
x2 + 8 6 and = y2 − 6 5
⇒ x2 =
−2 ⇒ y2 =
11
So, the coordinates of B are ( −2,11)
From (iii) and (iv)
=
x3 + 8 6 and = y3 + 10 5
⇒ x3 =
−2 ⇒ y3 =
−5
So, the coordinates of C are ( −2, −5 )
∴ The vertices of ∆ABC are A (10, −1) , B ( −2,11) and C ( −2, −5 )
Hence, coordinates of the centroid of ∆ABC are
 10 − 2 − 2 −1 + 11 − 5 
 , 
 3 3 
 5
=  2, 
 3
8.
Sol:
Given a right triangle BOA with vertices B ( 0, 2b ) , 0 ( 0, 0 ) and A ( 2a, 0 )

Since, C is the midpoint of AB
76
______________________________________________________________________________
 2a + 0 0 + 2b 
∴ coordinates of C are  , 
 2 2 
= ( a, b )
( a − 0) + (b − 0)
2 2
Now, CO= = a 2 + b2
( 2a − a ) + ( 0 − b )
2 2
CA= = a 2 + b2
( a − 0 ) + ( b − 2b )
2 2
CB= = a 2 + b2
= CA
Since, CO = CB.
∴ C is equidistant from O, A and B.
9.
Sol:
Let the coordinates of the third vertex be ( x, y ) , Then
 x − 3 + 0 y +1− 2   x − 3 y −1 
 , = , 
 3 3   2 3 
We have centroid is at origin ( 0, 0 )
x −3 y −1
∴= 0 and = 0
3 3
⇒ x −=
3 0 ⇒ y −=
1 0
=
⇒x 3 =
⇒y 1
Hence, the coordinates of the third vertex are ( 3,1) .
10.
Sol:
Let the third vertex be C ( x, y )
Two vertices A ( 3, 2 ) and B ( −2,1)
 x + 3 − 2 y + 2 +1 
 , 
 3 3 
5 1
But the centroid of the triangle are  , − 
 3 3
x +3− 2 5 y + 2 +1 1
∴ = and = −
3 3 3 3
77
______________________________________________________________________________
x +1 5 y+3 1
⇒ =⇒ =−
3 3 3 3
⇒ x + 1 =5 ⇒ y + 3 =−1
⇒x= 4 ⇒y= −4
Hence, the third vertex of the triangle is C ( 4, −4 )
Exercise 14.5
1.
Sol:
(i) Area of a triangle is given by
1
 x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 + y2 ) 
2
Here, x1 = 6, y1 = 3, x2 = −3, y2 = 5, x3 = 4, y3 =−2
Let A ( 6,3) , B ( −3,5 ) and C ( 4, −2 ) be the given points
1
Area of ∆ABC
= 6 ( 5 + 2 ) + ( −3)( −2 − 3) + 4 ( 3 − 5 ) 
2
1
= 6 × 7 − 3 × ( −5 ) + 4 ( −2 ) 
2
1
= [ 42 + 15 − 8]
2
49
= sq. units
2
(ii) =
Let A ( at , 2at )
(=
x1 , y1 ) 2
1 1
=B (=x , y ) ( at , 2at )
2 2
2
2 2
x , y ) ( at , 2at ) be the given points.

= (= 3 3
2
3 3
The area of ∆ABC

1
=  at12 ( 2at2 − 2at3 ) + at22 ( 2at3 − 2at1 ) + at32 ( 2at1 − 2at2 ) 
2
1
=  2a 2t12t2 − 2a 2t12t3 + 2a 2t22t3 − 2a 2t22t1 + 2a 2t32t1 − 2a 2t32t2 
2
1
= × 2  a 2t12 ( t2 − t3 ) + a 2t22 ( t3 − t1 ) + a 2 + t32 ( t1 − t2 ) 
2
= a 2 t12 ( t2 − t3 ) + t22 ( t3 − t1 ) + t32 ( t1 − t2 ) 
(iii) Let=
A ( x1 ,=
y1 ) ( a, c + a )
78
______________________________________________________________________________
=B (= x2 , y2 ) ( a, c )
C=( x3 , y3 ) =( −a, c − a ) be the given points
The area of ∆ABC
 a ( c − {c − a}) + a ( c − a − ( c + a ) ) + ( − a )( c + a − a ) 
1
=
2 
1
=  a ( c − c + a ) + a ( c − a − c − a ) − a ( c + a − c ) 
2
1
=  a × a + ax ( −2a ) − a × a 
2
1 2
=  a − 2a 2 − a 2 
2
1
= × ( −2a )
2
2
= −a 2
2.
Sol:
Let A ( −3, 2 ) , B ( 5, 4 ) , C ( 7, −6 ) and D ( −5, −4 ) be the given points.

Area of ∆ABC
1
=  −3 ( 4 + 6 ) + 5 ( −6 − 2 ) + 7 ( 2 − 4 ) 
2
1
=  −3 ×10 + 5 × ( −8 ) + 7 ( −2 ) 
2
1
= [ −30 − 40 − 14]
2
= −42
But area cannot be negative
∴ Area of ∆ADC = 42 square units
Area of ∆ADC
1
=  −3 ( −6 + 4 ) + 7 ( −4 − 2 ) + ( −5 )( 2 + 6 ) 
2
79
______________________________________________________________________________
1
 −3 ( −2 ) + 7 ( −6 ) − 5 × 8
=
2
1
= [6 − 42 − 40]
2
1
= × −76
2
= −38
∴ Area of ∆ADC = 38 square units
Now, area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Ar. of ABC + Ar of ADC
= ( 42 + 38)
= 80 square. units
(i)
Let A (1, 2 ) , B ( 6, 2 ) , C ( 5,3) and ( 3, 4 ) be the given points

Area of ∆ABC
1
= 1( 2 − 3) + 6 ( 3 − 2 ) + 5 ( 2 − 2 ) 
2
1
=  −1 + 6 × (1) + 0 
2
1
= [ −1 + 6]
2
5
=
2
Area of ∆ADC
1
= 1( 3 − 4 ) + 5 ( 4 − 2 ) + 3 ( 2 − 3) 
2
1
=  −1× 5 × 2 + 3 ( −1) 
2
1
= [ −1 + 10 − 3]
2
80
______________________________________________________________________________
1
[ 6]
=
2
=3
Now, Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of ABC + Area of ADC
5 
=  + 3  sq. units
2 
11
= sq. units
2
(ii)
Let A ( −4, −2 ) , B ( −3, −5 ) , C ( 3, −2 ) and D ( 2,3) be the given points

1
Area of ∆ABC= ( −4 )( −5 + 2 ) − 3 ( −2 + 2 ) + 3 ( −2 + 5)
2
1
= ( −4 )( −3) − 3 ( 0 ) + 3 ( 3)
2
21
=
2
1
Area of ∆ACD= ( −4 )( 3 + 2 ) + 2 ( −2 + 2 ) + 3 ( −2 − 3)
2
1 −35
= −4 ( 5 ) + 2 ( 0 ) + 3 ( −5 ) =
2 2
35
But area can’t be negative, hence area of ∆ADC =
2
Now, area of quadrilateral ( ABCD ) = ar ( ∆ABC ) + ar ( ∆ADC )
21 35
Area (quadrilateral ABCD=
) +
2 2
56
Area (quadrilateral ABCD ) =
2
Area (quadrilateral ABCD ) = 28 square. Units
81
______________________________________________________________________________
3.
Sol:
Let A (1, 2 ) , B ( −5, 6 ) , C ( 7, −4 ) and ( k , −2 ) be the given points.

Area of ∆ABC
1
= 1( 6 + 4 ) + ( −5 )( −4 − 2 ) + 7 ( 2 − 6 ) 
2
1
= [10 + 30 − 28]
2
1
= ×12
2
=6
Area of ∆ADC
1
= 1( −4 + 2 ) + 7 ( −2 − 2 ) + k ( 2 + 4 ) 
2
1
=  −2 + 7 × ( −4 ) + k × 6 
2
1
= [ −2 − 28 + 6k ]
2
1
= [ −30 + 6k ]
2
= −15 + 3k
= 3k − 15
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of ABC + Area of ADC
= ( 6 + 3k − 15 )
But are of quadrilateral = 0 (given)
∴ 6 + 3k − 15 =0
⇒ 3k =15 − 6
⇒ 3k = 9
⇒k = 3
82
______________________________________________________________________________
4.
Sol:
Let A ( −2,1) , B ( 5, 4 ) and C ( 2, −3) be the vertices of ∆ABC.

Let AD be the altitude through A.
Area of ∆ABC
1
=  −2 ( 4 + 3) + 5 ( −3 − 1) + 2 (1 − 4 ) 
2
1
= [ −14 − 20 − 6]
2
1
= × −40
2
= −20
∴ Area of ∆ABC = 20 square units
( 5 − 2 ) + ( 4 + 3)
2 2
Now, BC =
( 3) + ( 7 )
2 2
⇒ BC=
⇒ BC = 58
We know that area of ∆
1
=× Base × Altitude
2
1
∴ 20 = × 58 × AD
2
40
⇒ AD =
58
40
∴ Length of the altitude AD =
58
83
______________________________________________________________________________
5.
Sol:
(a) Let A ( 2,5 ) , B ( 4, 6 ) and C ( 8,8 ) be the given points
Area of ∆ABC
1
=  2 ( 6 − 8 ) + 4 ( 8 − 5 ) + 8 ( 5 − 6 ) 
2
1
=  2 × ( −2 ) + 4 × 3 + 8 × ( −1) 
2
1
= [ −4 + 12 − 8]
2
1
= ×0
2
=0
Since, area of ∆ABC = 0
∴ ( 2,5 ) , ( 4, 6 ) and ( 8,8 ) are collinear.
(b) Let A (1, −1) , B ( 2,1) and C ( 4,5 ) be the given points
Area of ∆ABC
1
= 1(1 − 5 ) + 2 ( 5 + 1) + 4 ( −1 − 1) 
2
1
= [ −4 + 12 − 8]
2
1
= ×0
2
=0
Since, area of ∆ABC = 0
∴ The points (1, −1) , ( 2,1) and ( 4,5 ) are collinear
6.
Sol:
Let A ( a, 0 ) , B ( 0, b ) and C (1,1) be the given points
Area of ∆ABC
=
1
2
{ x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 − y2 )}
=
1
2
{a ( b − 1) + 0 (1 − 0 ) + 1( 0 − b )}
1
= {ab − a + 0 − b}
2
84
______________________________________________________________________________
1
= {ab − a − b}
2
=
1
2
{ab − ( a + b )}
1  1 1 
= {ab − ab}  a + = 1
2 b 
a+b
⇒ =
1
ab
⇒ a+b =ab
1
= ×0
2
=0
1 1
Hence, A ( a, 0 ) , B ( 0, b ) and (1,1) are collinear if + =1.
a b
7.
Sol:
Let A ( x, y ) divides the join of P ( −5,1) and ( 3,5 ) in the ratio k :1

3k − 5 5k + 1
=x = ,y
k +1 k +1
 3k − 5 5k + 1 
Area of ∆ABC with A  ,  B (1,5 ) and C ( 7, −2 )
 k +1 k +1 
1  3k − 5 5k + 1   5 k + 1 
=  ( 5 − 2 ) + 1 2 −  + 7=
 5 
2  k +1  k +1   k +1 
1  3k − 5 −7 k − 3 −4 
=  ×7 + + 
2  k +1 k +1 k + 1
1  21k − 35 −7 k − 3 −4 
=  + + 
2  k +1 k +1 k + 1
1  21k − 35 − 7 k − 3 − 4 
=  
2 k +1 
1 14k − 42 
=  
2  k +1 
14k − 42
=
2 ( k + 1)
85
______________________________________________________________________________
But area of ∆ABC =
2 given,
14k − 42
⇒ =
2
2 ( k + 1)
⇒ 14k − 42 = 4 ( k + 1)
⇒ 14k − 42 = 4k + 4
⇒ 14k − 4k =4 + 42
⇒ 10k = 46
46 23
⇒k= =
10 5
8.
Sol:
Let A ( 2,1) , B ( 3, −2 ) be the vertices of ∆

And C ( x, y ) be the third vertex
1
Area of ∆ABC
= 2 ( −2 − y ) + 3 ( y − 1) + x (1 + 2 )
2
1
= −4 − 2 y + 3 y − 3 + 3 x
2
1
= 3x + y − 7
2
But it is given that area of ∆ABC =
5
±1
=
∴ 5 [3 x + y − 7 ]
2
±10 = 3 x + y − 7
3x + y =
17 or 3 x + y =−3 (i)
But it is given that third vertices lies on y= x + 3
Hence subsisting value of y in (i)
3x + x + 3 = 17 or 3 x + x + 3 =−3
4 x = 14 or 4 x = −6
7 −3
=x = or x
2 2
86
______________________________________________________________________________
7 −3
y= +3 or y= +3
2 2
13 3
=y = or y
2 2
 7 13   −3 3 
Hence coordinates of c will be  ,  or  , 
2 2   2 2
9.
Sol:
Let A ( a, a 2 ) B ( b, b 2 ) and ( c, c 2 ) be the given points.
∴ Area of ∆ABC
=
1
2
{( ) ( ) (
a b2 − c2 + b c2 − a 2 + c a 2 − b2 )}
=
1
2
{
ab 2 − ac 2 + bc 2 − ba 2 + ca 2 − cb 2 }
1
= ×0
2
= 0 [if a= b= c ]
i.e., the points are collinear if a= b= c
Hence, the points can never be collinear if a ≠ b ≠ c.
10.
Sol:
Area of ∆DBC
=
1
2
{ x ( 5 + 2 ) + ( −3)( −2 − 3x ) + 4 ( 3x − 5)}
1
2
={7 × + ( 6 + 9 x ) + 12 x − 20}
1
= {28 x − 14}
2
Area of ∆ABC=
1
2
{6 ( 5 + 2 ) + ( −3)( −2 − 3) + 4 ( 3 − 5)}
1
= {42 + 15 − 8}
2
1
= × 49
2
Given
∆DBC 1
=
∆ABC 2
87
______________________________________________________________________________
1
( 28 x − 14 ) 1
⇒ 2 =
1 2
× 49
2
28 x − 14 1
⇒ =
49 2
⇒ 2 ( 28 x − 14 ) =49
⇒ 56 x − 28 =
49
⇒ 56 x = 77
77
⇒x=
56
11
⇒x=
8
11.
Sol:
Let A ( a,1) , B (1, −1) and C (11, 4 ) be the given points
Area of ∆ABC
=
1
2
{a ( −1 − 4 ) + 1( 4 − 1) + 11(1 + 1)}
1
= {−5 + 3 + 22}
2
1
= {−5a + 25}
2
For the points to be collinear
Area of ∆ABC = 0
1
= {−5a + 25} = 0
2
⇒ −5a + 25 =0
⇒ −5a = −25
⇒a= 5
12.
Sol:
Let A ( a, b ) , B ( a1 , b1 ) and C ( a − a1 , b − b1 ) be the given points.
Area of ∆ABC
88
______________________________________________________________________________
=
1
2 
{
a b1 − ( b − b1 ) + a1 ( b − b1 − b ) + ( a − a1 )( b − b1 ) }
=
1
2
{
a ( b1 − b + b1 ) + a1 ( −b )1 + ab − ab1 − a1b + a1b1 }
1
= {ab1 − ab + ab1 − a1b1 + ab − ab1 − a1b + a1b1}
2
1
= = {ab1 a1b}
2
1
= ×0 = 0 [if ab1 = a1b]
2
Hence, the points are collinear if ab1 = a1b.
89

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Class X Chapter 14 – Co-Ordinate Geometry Maths

( −a cos α − a sin α ) +  −b sin α − ( −b cos α ) 

PQ = ( −a cos α ) + ( − a sin α ) + 2 ( − a cos α )( − a sin α ) + ( b sin α ) + ( −b cos α ) − 2 ( b sin α )( −b cos α )

PQ= a 2 cos 2 α + a 2 sin 2 α + 2a 2 cos α sin α + b 2 sin 2 α + b 2 cos 2 α + 2b 2 sin α cos α

PQ= a 2 + b 2 + 2a 2 cos α sin α + 2b 2 sin α cos α

(iv) We have P ( a, 0 ) and Q ( 0, b )

⇒ AC= (8) + (1)

D2 = ( x + 1) + ( y − 0) (Taking points ( x, y ) and ( −1, 0 ) )

D3 = ( x − 7) + ( y + 6) (Taking points ( x, y ) and ( 7, −6 ) )

So, point R is ( 4, 6 ) or ( −4, 6 )

When point R is ( −4, 6 )

Let O ( x, y ) be the center of the circle passing through A ( 6, −6 ) , B ( 3, −7 ) and C ( 3,3)

In right triangle ABC

Let the given vertices be A ( 3, 0 ) , B ( 4,5 ) , C ( −1, 4 ) and D ( −2, −1)

Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio of 1:2

Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2. Therefore, the coordinates of P, by

Let P ( x, y ) be the given points.

We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Let P ( x, y ) be the point of intersection of diagonals AC and 80 of ABCD.

We know that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other

Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

∴ Coordinates of the mid - point of AC = Coordinates of the mid-point of BD.

Let A ( 3, −4 ) and C ( −6, −2 ) be the extremities of diagonal AC and B ( −1, −3) , D ( x, y ) be

Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

∴ Coordinates of mid-point of AC = Coordinates of mid point of BD.

Hence the ratio is 4 :1 and y = 6.

Since, AD is the median, D is the mid-point of BC

Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC.

Let D (1,1) , E ( 2, −3) and F ( 3, 4 ) be the mid-points of sides BC , CA and AB respectively.

Let A (1,1) , be the given vertex

Now, since D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC

Suppose y − axis divides PQ in the ration K :1 at R

Let the point P divide AB in the ratio K :1

Since, ( x, y ) is the mid-point

(ii) Suppose y-axis divides AB in the ratio k :1 at point Q.

Let A ( 4,5 ) , B ( 7, 6 ) , C ( 6,3) and D ( 3, 2 ) be the given points.

Let A ( 4,3) , B ( 6, 4 ) , C ( 5, 6 ) and D ( 3,5 ) be the given points.

Let A ( −4, −1) , B ( −2, −4 ) , C ( 4, 0 ) and D ( 2,3) be the given points

Let AD, BF and CE be the medians of ∆ABCD

Let A ( a + b, a − b ) , B ( 2a + b, 2a − b ) , C ( a − b, a + b ) and ( x, y ) be the given points

Let A ( 3, 2 ) , B ( −1, 0 ) , C ( x1 , y1 ) and D ( x2 , y2 ) be the given points.

Let D ( 3, 4 ) , E ( 4, 6 ) and F ( 5, 7 ) be the midpoints of BC , CA and AB.

Let A ( 2, 0 ) , B ( 9,1) , C (11, 6 ) and D ( 4, 4 ) be the given points.

Let A (1, −2 ) , B ( 3, 6 ) , C ( 5,10 ) and D ( x, y ) be the given points taken in order.

Let A ( a, −11) , B ( 5, b ) , C ( 2,15 ) and D (1,1) be the given points.

Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC

Let A ( 0,1) , B ( 2,1) and C ( 0,3) be the given points

Let A ( 5,1) , B (1,5 ) and C ( −3, −1) be vertices of ∆ABC

Let A ( −4, 0 ) and B ( 0, 6 ) be the given points.

Let A (1, 4 ) and B ( 5, 2 ) be the given points.

Let A (1, 0 ) , B ( 5,3) , C ( 2, 7 ) and D ( −2, 4 ) be the given points

Let P ( m, 6 ) divides the join of A ( −4,3) and B ( 2,8 ) in the ratio K :1

The Coordinates of point A and B are ( −2, −2 ) and ( 2, −4 ) respectively

Let A ( −3, 2 ) , B ( −5, −5 ) , C ( 2, −3) and D ( 4, 4 ) be the given points

Let A ( 6,1) , B ( 8, 2 ) , C ( 9, 4 ) and D ( k , p ) be the given points.

Let ABC be a triangle such that BC is along x-axis

Let the coordinates of O, B, C , D are ( 0, 0 ) , ( x, 0 ) , ( x, y ) and ( 0, y )

a 2 + c 2 + 2ac d 2 a 2 + 4c 2 − 4ac 4d 2 c 2 + 4a 2 − 4ac d 2

Let A ( x1 , y2 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) be the vertices of ∆ABC