UACE MATHEMATICS PAPER 1 2014 guide

SECTION A (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Solve the simultaneous equation

X – 2y -2z = 0
2x + 3y + z = 1
3x –y – 3z = 3(05marks)
2. A focal chord PQ, to the hyperbola y2 = 4x, has a gradient m = 1. Find the coordinates of the
mid-point of PQ. (05marks)
1
3. Given that cos 2A - cos 2B = -p and sin2A – sin2B = q, prove that sec (A + B) = √𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
𝑞
(05marks)
𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. Differentiatelog 5 ( ).
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
5. Find the equation of a line through S(1, 0, 2) and T(3, 2, 1) in the form r = a +λb. (05marks)
6. Solve the equation √2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 + 1 = √𝑥 − 2 (05marks)
1
7. Find ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 (05marks)
8. A cylinder has radius r and height 8r. The radius increases from 4cm to 44.1cm. Find the
approximate increase n the volume. (use π= 3.14) (05marks)

SECTION B (60MARKS)

Answer any five questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks)

9. (a) Given that the complex number Z and its conjugate 𝑍̅ satisfy the equation
Z𝑍̅ + 2𝑖𝑍 = 12 + 6𝑖. Find Z. (07marks)
(b)One root of the equation 𝑍 3 − 3𝑍 2 + 9𝑍 + 13 = 0 𝑖𝑠 2 + 3𝑖. Determine other roots
(05marks)
10. A circle is described by the equation x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0. A line given by the equation
y = 2(x – 1) cuts the circle at points A and B. A point (x, y) moves such that its distance from
the midpoint of AB is equal to its distance from the centre of the circle.
(a) Calculate the coordinates of A and B. (04 marks)
(b) Determine the centre and radius of the circle (04marks)
(c) Find locus of P. (04marks)
11. (a) differentiate y = cot −1 (𝐼𝑛𝑥) with respect to x (06marks)
𝜋
(b) Evaluate ∫𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 (06marks)
3
 12. (a) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through the points whose position vectors are
2i + 2j + 3k, 3i + j + 2k and -2j + 4k. (06marks)
𝑥−2 𝑦
(b) Determine the angle between the plane in (a) and the line = = 𝑧 − 5. (06marks)
2 −4
13. (a) Find the three terms of the expansion (2 – x) and use it to find (1.998)6 correct to two
6

decimal places (06 marks)

(b) Expand (1 – 3x + 2x2)5 in ascending power of x as far as the x2 term (06marks)
14. (a) Find the equation of a normal to curve whose parametric equation are x = bsec2θ,
y = btan2θ (06marks)
1
(b) The area enclosed by the curve x2 + y2 = a2, the y-axis and the line y = a is rotated
2
through 900 about the y-axis. Find the volume of the solid generated. (06marks)
15. Solve
(a) 4sin2θ – 12sin2θ + 35cos2θ = 0; for 00≤ 𝜃 ≤ 900 (06marks)
(b) 3cosθ – 2sinθ = 2, for 00≤ 𝜃 ≤ 3600 (06marks)
(c)
16. A substance loses mass at a rate which is proportional to the amount M present at time t.
(a) Form a differential equation connecting M, t and proportionality constant k. (02marks)
(b) If the initial mass of the substance is M0, show that M = 𝑀0 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 . (05marks)
(c) Given that half of the substance is lost in 1600years, determine the number of years 15g
of the substance would take to reduce to 13.6g

Solutions
SECTION A (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Solve the simultaneous equation

x – 2y - 2z = 0
2x + 3y + z = 1
3x –y – 3z = 3 (05marks)
X – 2y -2z = 0 ……………………… (i)
2x + 3y + z = 1…………………… (ii)
3x –y – 3z = 3 ……………………...(iii)
Eqn. (i) + 2eqn. (ii)
4x + 4y = 2 ……………………………(iv)
3Eqn. (ii) + eqn. (iii)
9x + 8y = 6 …………………………. (v)
2eqn. (iv) – eqn. (v)
x = -2
Substituting x = -2 into eqn. (iv)
5(-2) + 4y = 2
y=3
Substituting x = -2 and y = 3 into eqn. (ii)
2(-2) + 3(3) + z =2
z = -4
∴ x = -2, y = 3 and z = -4
 Alternatively: using row reduction to echelon form
Expressing the equation in matrix form
1 −2 −2 𝑥 0
(2 3 1 ) (𝑦) = (1)
3 −1 −3 𝑧 3
The augmented matrix is
1 −2 −2 : 0
(2 3 1 : 1)
3 −1 −3 : 3
Transforming augmented matrix to a unity triangular matrix
𝑅1 1 −2 −2 : 0  𝑅1 = 𝑅1 1 −2 −2 : 0
𝑅2 (2 3 1 1)  1 − 𝑅2 = 𝑅2 (0 −7
: 2𝑅 −5 : −1)
𝑅3 3 −1 −3 : 3  3𝑅1 − 𝑅3 = 𝑅3 0 −5 −3 : −3
𝑅1 1 −2 −2 : 0  𝑅1 = 𝑅1 1 −2 −2 : 0
5
𝑅2 (0 −7 −5 : −1)  2𝑅1 − 𝑅2 = 𝑅2 (0 1
7
: 1⁄7)
𝑅3 0 −5 −3 : −3  3𝑅1 − 𝑅3 = 𝑅3 0 0 −4 : 16
1 −2 −2 𝑥 0
5 1
 (0 1 7
) (𝑦) = ( ⁄7)
0 0 −4 𝑧 16
-4z = 16
z = -4
5
y + 𝑧 =1⁄7
7
5
y + 𝑥 − 4 =1⁄7
7
y=3
x – 2y – 2z = 0
x -2(3) – 2(-4) = 0
x = -2
∴ x = -2, y = 3 and z = -4

Method III: using crammer’s rule

1 −2 −2
𝐷 = |2 3 1|
3 −1 −3

2. A focal chord PQ, to the hyperbola y2 = 4x, has a gradient m = 1. Find the coordinates of the
mid-point of PQ. (05marks)
 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑃
Grad of 𝑃𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 = 1
2𝑝−0
=1
𝑝2 −1
2
𝑝 − 2𝑝 − 1 = 0
2±√22 −4(1)(−1) 2±√4+4
𝑝= = =1±√2
2(1) 2
2 2
=> 𝑃 [(1 + √2) , (2 + 2√2)] , 𝑄 [(1 − √2) , (2 − 2√2)],
Let M(x, y) be the coordinates of the mid-point of PQ.
1 2
𝑥= [(1 + √2) , (2 + 2√2)] = 3
2
1 2
𝑦= [(1 − √2) , (2 − 2√2)] = 2
2
∴M(3, 2)
𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦
From y2 = 4x,; a =1
∴ 𝑃(𝑝2 , 2𝑝)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄(𝑞 2 , 2𝑞)

From focal chord, pq = 1

2𝑞−2𝑝
Gradient = =1
𝑞 2 − 𝑝2
2(𝑞−𝑝)
= =1
(𝑞+𝑝)(𝑞−𝑝)
 q+p=2

𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
M( , 𝑝 + 𝑞)
2
𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 1 1 1
x= = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)2 − 2𝑝𝑞 ] = [(−2)2 − 2(1)]= (4 + 2) = 3
2 2 2 2
y=p+q=2
∴M(3, 2)

1
3. Given that cos 2A - cos 2B = -p and sin2A – sin2B = q, prove that sec (A + B) = √𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
𝑞
(05marks)
1 1
cos 2A - cos 2B = -2sin (2𝐴 + 2𝐵)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝐴 − 2𝐵)
2 2
-p = -2sin (A + B)sin (A-B)
p = 2sin (A + B)sin (A- B) ……………. (i)
1 1
sin2A – sin2B = -2cos (2𝐴 + 2𝐵)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝐴 − 2𝐵)
2 2
q = 2cos (A + B)sin (A- B) ……………. (ii)
Eqn. (i) ÷ eqn. (ii)
𝑝
= tan(𝐴 + 𝐵)
𝑞
𝑝2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝐴 + 𝐵) − 1
𝑞2
 𝑝2 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = +1= = (𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 )
𝑞2 𝑞2 𝑞2
1
sec(𝐴 + 𝐵) = √(𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 )
𝑞

𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. Differentiatelog 5 ( ).
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
Let y =log 5 ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
5𝑦 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑦𝐼𝑛5 = 𝐼𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑦𝐼𝑛5 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑𝑦 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
𝐼𝑛5 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 −
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 −
sin 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝐼𝑛5

5. Find the equation of a line through S(1, 0, 2) and T(3, 2, 1) in the form r = a +λb. (05marks)

SR = λST
OR –OS =λ(OT – OS)
1 3 1
𝑂𝑅 − (0) = 𝜆 (2) − (0)
2 1 2
1 2
𝑟−(0) = 𝜆 ( 2 )
2 −1
𝑥
Substituting for r= OR = (𝑦)
𝑧
𝑥 1 2
(𝑦) = (0) + 𝜆 ( 2 )
𝑧 2 −1
𝑥−1 𝑦 𝑧−2
= = = 𝜆
2 2 −1
𝑥−1 𝑦 𝑧−2
Hence the Cartesian equation is = =
2 2 −1

6. Solve the equation √2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 + 1 = √𝑥 − 2 (05marks)

√2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 + 1 = √𝑥 − 2
 Squaring both sides
2 2
(√2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 + 1) = (√𝑥 − 2 )
2𝑥 + 3 − 2√(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)+x +1 = x – 2
2𝑥 + 6 − 2√(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 + 3 = √(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)
Squaring both side
2
(𝑥 + 3)2 =(√(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
(x -3)(x+2) = 0
x = 3 or x = -2
Verification
Taking x= 3
L.H.S = √6 + 3 − √3 + 1 = √9 − √4 = 3 -2 = 1
R.H.S =√3 − 2 = √1 = 1
Here x = 3 satisfies the equation
Taking x = -2
L.H.S = √−2 𝑥 2 + 3 − √−2 + 1 = √−1 − √−1 = 0
R.H.S = √−2 − 2 = √−4
L.H.S ≠ R.H.S
∴ x = 3 is the only solution
1
7. Find ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 (05marks)
1
∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
Let u = 1-x2
du = -2xdx
1
− 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
1
=> ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 . − 𝑑𝑢
2
1
1
= ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
2
3
1
= 𝑢2 + 𝑐
3
3
1
= (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 𝑐
3

8. A cylinder has radius r and height 8r. The radius increases from 4cm to 44.1cm. Find the
approximate increase n the volume. (use π= 3.14) (05marks)
v =𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 𝜋𝑟 2 (8𝑟) = 8𝜋𝑟 3
𝑑𝑣
= 24𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟
∆𝑣 𝑑𝑣
But =
∆𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑣
∆𝑣 = ∆𝑟
𝑑𝑟
∆𝑟 = 4.1 − 4.0 = 0.1𝑐𝑚
=> ∆𝑣 = 24(3.14)(4)2 (0.1) = 120.576cm3
∴ ∆𝑣 = 120.576cm3
 SECTION B (60MARKS)

Answer any five questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks)

9. (a) Given that the complex number Z and its conjugate 𝑍̅ satisfy the equation
Z𝑍̅ + 2𝑖𝑍 = 12 + 6𝑖. Find Z. (07marks)
Let z = x + iy then 𝑧̅ = 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦
(x + iy)(x – iy) +2i(x + iy) = 12 + 6i
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑖 = 12 + 6𝑖
Equating imaginary parts
2xi = 6i
x=3
Equating real parts
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 12
By substituting for x
9 + y2 -2y = 12
y2 -2y -3 = 0
(y – 3)(y+1) = 0
y = 3 or y = -1
when y = 3; z = 3 + 3i
when y = -1; z = 3 - i
Hence the possible values of z are 3 +3i and 3- i.
(b)One root of the equation 𝑍 3 − 3𝑍 2 + 9𝑍 + 13 = 0 𝑖𝑠 2 + 3𝑖. Determine other roots
(05marks)

Given root 2 + 3i; its conjugate is also a root of the equation

The equation of these two is

𝑧 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑧 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 = 0

Sum = 2 + 3i + 2 – 3i = 4

Product of roots =(2 + 3i)(2 – 3i) = 2 + 9 = 13

𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13 = 0
𝑧+1

𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13 𝑧 3 − 3𝑧 2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤##9𝑧 + 13

- 𝑧 3 − 4𝑧 2 − 13𝑧

𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13

-𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13

0 0 0

 (𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 13)(𝑧 + 1) = 0
z + 1= 0
z = -1
So the other roots are 2-3i and -1
10. A circle is described by the equation x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0. A line given by the equation
y = 2(x – 1) cuts the circle at points A and B. A point (x, y) moves such that its distance from
the midpoint of AB is equal to its distance from the centre of the circle.
(a) Calculate the coordinates of A and B. (04 marks)
Substituting for y = 2(x-1) into the equation x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0
x2 + (2(x-1))2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0
5x2 – 28x + 36 = 0
(x – 2)(5x – 18) =0
x–2=0
x=2
and 5x – 18 = 0
18
x= = 3.6
5
taking x = 2
y = 2(2 -1); y = 2
taking x = 3.6
y = 2(3.6 -1); y = 5.2
Hence A(2,2) and B(3.6, 5.2)
(b) Determine the centre and radius of the circle (04marks)
x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0
x2 -4x + y2-8y + 16 = 0
(x – 2)2 + (y -4)2 = 4 + 16 – 16
(x – 2)2 + (x -4)2 = 4
x -2 = 0
x =2
y -4 = 0
y=4
Centre of the circle = (2, 4)
Radius = √4 = 2
Alternatively
Comparing the general equation of a circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 with x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 16 = 0
 2g = -4
g = -2
2f = -8
f = -4
Centre of the circle is (-g, -f)
Hence centre of the circle = (2, 4)
Radius = +√𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐
= +√(−2)2 + (−4)2 − 16 = √4 = 2
(c) Find locus of P. (04marks)
A(2, 2) and B(3.6, 5.2)
Coordinates of mid-point of AB
2+3.6 2+5.2
= E( , )
2 2
 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑃𝐸
𝑃𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 2 = ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑃𝐶 𝑃𝐸 2
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = (𝑥 − 2.8)2 + (𝑦 − 3.6)2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 or y = 2x -1

11. (a) Differentiate y = cot −1 (𝐼𝑛𝑥) with respect to x (06marks)

y = cot −1 (𝐼𝑛𝑥)
coty = Inx
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦) = (𝐼𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
−𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 =
𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥[1+ (𝐼𝑛 𝑥)2 ]
𝜋
(b) Evaluate ∫𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 (06marks)
3
𝑑𝑣
Let u = x and = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 1, 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∫ 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − ∫ 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
= -xcosx + sinx + c
Or Using basic technique
Sign Differentiate Integrate
+ X sinx
- 1 -cosx
+ 0 -sinx
𝜋
 ∫𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑛𝑥 ]𝜋𝜋
3 3
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= (−𝜋𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋) − (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
𝑠 3 3
𝜋 √3 7𝜋 √3
=𝜋 − (− + ) = − = 2.7992(4D)
6 2 6 2
12. (a) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through the points whose position vectors are
2i + 2j + 3k, 3i + j + 2k and -2j + 4k. (06marks)
Let OA = 2i + 2j + 3k
OB = 3i + j + 2k
OC = -2j + 4k
Let R be the general point in the plane
Then AR = μ(AB) + λAC
OR = OA + μ(OB – OA) + λ(OC – OA)
𝑥 2 3 2 0 2
𝑦
( ) = (2) + 𝜇 [(1) − (2) + 𝜆 [(−2) − (2)]]
𝑧 3 2 3 4 3
𝑥 2 1 −2
(𝑦) = (2) + 𝜇 (−1) + 𝜆 (−4)
𝑧 3 −1 1
 𝑥 = 2 + 𝜇 − 2𝜆 ………………. (i)
𝑦 = 2 − 𝜇 − 4𝜆 ……………….. (ii)
𝑧 = 3 − 𝜇 + 𝜆 …………………(iii)
𝐸𝑞𝑛 (𝑖) + 𝑒𝑞𝑛. (𝑖𝑖)
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4 − 6𝜆 ………………(iv)
𝐸𝑞𝑛. (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑛. (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
x+z=5–λ
λ = -x –z + 5
Substituting for λ into eqn. (iv)
x + y =4 -6(-x –z + 5)
5x –y + 6z -26 = 0
Alternatively
Let the equation of the plane be ax + by + cz = d
Substituting point (2, 2, 3) in equation
2a + 2b +3c = d ………………………………… (i)
Substituting point (3, 1, 2) in equation
3a + b + 2c = d ………………………………… (ii)
Substituting point (0, -2, 4) in equation
-2b + 4c =d ……………………………………… (iii)
We have to solve for a, b, c and d
3Eqn.(i) – 2Eqn. (ii)
6a + 6b + 9c = 3d
- 6a + 2b + 4c = 2d
4b + 5c = d…………………………(iv)
2eqn. (iii) + eqn. (iv)
-4b + 8c = 2d
+4b + 4c = d
13c = 3d
3
c= d
13
From eqn. (iv)
15 15 −1
4b + 𝑑 = 𝑑; 4b = d - 𝑑= 𝑑
13 13 26
From eqn. (i)
2 9
2a - 𝑑+ 𝑑 =d
26 13
2 9 10
2a = d + 𝑑- 𝑑= 𝑑
26 13 26
5
a= 𝑑
26
Substituting for a, b, c in the equation of the plane
5 1 3
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑=𝑑
26 26 13
26
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑏𝑦
𝑑
5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 26
𝑥−2 𝑦
(b) Determine the angle between the plane in (a) and the line = = 𝑧 − 5. (06marks)
2 −4
Let n = normal vector to the plane
b = parallel vector to the plane
 b = 2i – 4j + k
n =5i –j + 6k
Let θ = angle between the line and the plane
 b.n = |𝑏||𝑛|sin𝜃
2 5
(−4) . (−1) = (√22 + (−4)2 + 12 . √52 + (−1)2 + 62 )sinθ
1 6
10 + 4 + 6 = (√21. √62)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = √1302𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
20
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = ; θ = 33.660 (2D)
√1302
13. (a) Find the three terms of the expansion (2 – x)6 and use it to find (1.998)6 correct to two
decimal places (06 marks)
6 6
(2 – x)6 = 26 + ( ) 25 (−𝑥)1 + ( ) 4(−𝑥)2
1 2
= 64 -192x + 240x2
(1.998)2 = (2 − 0.002)2
= 64 − 192(0.002) + 240(0.002)2
= 64 − 0.384 + 0.00096
= 63.61696
= 63.62 (2𝐷)
(b) Expand (1 – 3x + 2x2)5 in ascending power of x as far as the x2 term (06marks)
(1 – 3x + 2x2)5 = [1 − (−3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 )]5
5 5
= 1 + ( ) (−3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 )1 + ( ) (−3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 )2
1 2
=1 + 5(−3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 )1 + 10(−3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 )2
= 1 -15x + 10x2 + 10(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 4 )
= 1 -15x + 10x2 +90x2 – 120x3 + 40x4
=1 -15x + 100x2
14. (a) Find the equation of a normal to curve whose parametric equation are x = bsec2θ,
y = btan2θ (06marks)
2
x = bsec θ
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
y = btan2θ
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= . = =1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Gradient of the normal = -1

Let point (x, y) lie on the normal

𝑦−btan2 θ
= −1
𝑥−bsec2 θ

𝑦 − btan2 θ = −𝑥 + bsec 2 θ

(x + y) = b(tan2 θ + bsec 2 θ)
1
(b) The area enclosed by the curve x2 + y2 = a2, the y-axis and the line y = a is rotated
2
through 900 about the y-axis. Find the volume of the solid generated. (06marks)
Note
(i) The equation x2 + y2 = a2 is an equation of the circle with radius a and the centre as
its origin
(ii) The required region is of two forms as worked out below. So bot answers are correct
even though different.
Case I

𝑎
1 −
𝑣= 𝜋 ∫−𝑎2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
4
𝑎
1 −
= 𝜋 ∫−𝑎2(𝑎2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
4
𝑎
−
1 𝑦3 2
= 𝜋 [𝑎2 𝑦 − ]
4 3 −𝑎
𝑎 3
𝜋 𝑎 (− ) (−𝑎)3
= {[𝑎2 (− ) − 2
] − [𝑎2 (−𝑎) − ]}
4 2 3 3

𝜋 𝑎3 𝑎3 𝑎3
= [(− + ) − (−𝑎3 + )]
4 2 24 3
5𝜋𝑎3
=
96

Case II

𝜋 𝑎
y = ∫−𝑎(𝑎2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
4 2

𝑎
1 𝑦3
= 𝜋 [𝑎2 𝑦 − ]
4 3 −𝑎
2

1 𝑎3 𝑎3 𝑎3
= 𝜋 [(𝑎3 − ) − (− + )]
4 3 2 24

𝜋 24𝑎3 −8𝑎3 + 12𝑎3 − 𝑎3

= [ ]
96 24

27 9
= 𝜋𝑎3 = 𝜋𝑎3
96 32
15. Solve
(a) 4sin2θ – 12sin2θ + 35cos2θ = 0; for 00≤ 𝜃 ≤ 900 (06marks)
4sin2θ – 12sin2θ + 35cos2θ = 0
4sin2θ – 24sinθcosθ + 35cos2θ = 0
4sin2θ – 10sinθcosθ – 14sinθcosθ + 35cos2θ =0
2sinθ(2sinθ -5cosθ) – 7cosθ(2sinθ -5cosθ)= 0
(2sinθ – 7cosθ)(2sinθ -5cosθ)= 0
Either (2sinθ -5cosθ) = 0
2sinθ = 5cosθ
5
tanθ =( )
2
−1 (5);
θ =tan = 68.20
2
Or (2sinθ – 7cosθ)
2sinθ = 7cosθ
7
tanθ = ( )
2
7
θ =tan−1 ( ) = 74.00
2
(b) 3cosθ – 2sinθ = 2, for 00≤ 𝜃 ≤ 3600 (06marks)
3cosθ – 2sinθ = 2
Let 3cosθ – 2sinθ = Rcos(θ + α)
3cosθ – 2sinθ = Rcosθsinα + Rsinθcosα
Comparing coefficients of cosθ and sinθ
Rcosθ = 3
Rsinθ = 2
Eqn. (i)2 + eqn. (ii)2
R2 = 32 + 22 = 13
R = √13
2
tanα =
3
2
α = tan−1 ( ) = 33.690
3
 √13cos(θ + 33.69)0 =2
2
(θ + 33.69)0 = cos −1 ( ) = 56.310, 303.690
√13
θ = 22.620, 270.00
∴ {𝜃: 𝜃 = 22.620 , 270.000 }
Alternatively
1
Using the substitution, t =tan 𝜃
2
1− 𝑡 2
cosθ =
1+ 𝑡 2
2𝑡
sinθ =
1+ 𝑡 2
by substitution
1− 𝑡 2 2𝑡
3 −2 =2
1+ 𝑡 2 1+ 𝑡 2
3 -3t – 4t = 2 +2t2
2

5t2 + 4t -1 = 0
(5t -1)(t +1) = 0
Either (5t -1) =0
1
t=
5
 1 1
tan 𝜃 =
2 5
1
𝜃 = 2 tan−1 = 22.620
5
Or (t + 1) =0; t = -1
1
tan 𝜃 = −1
2
𝜃 = 2 tan−1 (−1) = 2700
∴ {𝜃: 𝜃 = 22.620 , 270.000 }

16. A substance loses mass at a rate which is proportional to the amount M present at time t.
(a) Form a differential equation connecting M, t and proportionality constant k. (02marks)
𝑑𝑀
− ∝𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑀
− = 𝑘𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑀
= −𝑘𝑀
𝑑𝑡

(b) If the initial mass of the substance is M0, show that M = 𝑀0 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 . (05marks)

𝑑𝑀
= −𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑀
𝑑𝑀
∫ = ∫ −𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑀
𝐼𝑛𝑀 = −kt + C
At t= 0; M = M0
c = InM0
 𝐼𝑛𝑀 = −kt + InM0
InM – InM0 = -kt
𝑀
𝐼𝑛 − 𝑘𝑡 or M = 𝑀0 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝑀0
(c) Given that half of the substance is lost in 1600years, determine the number of years 15g
of the substance would take to reduce to 13.6g
𝑀
From 𝐼𝑛 = −𝑘𝑡
𝑀0

𝑀0
2 1
𝐼𝑛 = −𝑘 𝑥 1600 ; 𝐼𝑛 = −𝑘 𝑥 1600
𝑀0 2

1 1
-k = 𝐼𝑛
1600 2

Let the required time be t

13.6 1 1
In = 𝐼𝑛 𝑡
15 1600 2

t = 226.17years

Thank you