VIDYANIKETHAN COACHING CENTER

Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Coordinate Geometry Total Marks : 197

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [42]

1. Find the distance between the points (0, 0) and (36, 15). Can you now find the
distance between the two towns A and B discussed in Section 7.2.
Ans. :
Distance between two points
Given: Points A(0, 0), B(36, 15)

For two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2),

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Distance is given by f = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2− y1 )
2

Distance between (0, 0) and (36, 15) is:

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
f = √(36 − 0) + (15 − 0)
−−−−−− −− −
f = √1296 + 225
−−−−
f = √1521 = 39
Hence Distance between points A and B is 39 units
Yes, we can find the distance between the given towns A and B. Let us take town A
at origin point (0, 0)
Hence, town B will be at point (36, 15) with respect to town A
And, as calculated above, the distance between town A and B will be 39 km

2. Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (-2, -11) are collinear.
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal

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 parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is:
BC k 1
= =
CA 2k 2

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio
mx2 +nx1 my +ny
m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by
2 1
(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: BD
=
2k
=
2

DA k 1

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

3. Check whether (5, –2), (6, 4) and (7, –2) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Ans. : Let A → (5, -2), B → (6, 4) and C → (7, -2)
Then,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
AB = √(6 − 5) + (4 − (−2)) = √(1) + (6)
−−−−− −−
= √1 + 36 = √37
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
BC = √(7 − 6) + (−2 − 4) = √(1) + (−6)
−−−−− −−
= √1 + 36 = √37
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−

CA =
2 2 2 2
√(7 − 5) + (−2 − (−2)) = √(2) + (0)

We see that AB = BC ≠ CA
So, the A, B and C are vertices of an isosceles triangle.

4. Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P (2, -3) and Q (10,
y) is 10 units.

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 Ans. : Using Distance formula, we have
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
10 = √(2 − 10) + (−3 − y)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
⇒ 10 = √(−8) +9 +y + 6y
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
⇒ 10 = √64 + 9 + y + 6y

Squaring both sides, we get

100 = 73 + y2 + 6y
⇒ y2 + 6y - 27 = 0
Solving this Quadratic equation by factorization, we can write
⇒ y2 + 9y − 3y - 27 = 0
⇒ y(y + 9) - 3(y + 9) = 0
⇒ (y + 9)(y − 3) = 0
⇒ y = 3, −9

5. If Q(0, 1) is equidistant from P(5, -3) and R(x, 6), find the values of x. Also find the
distances QR and PR.
Ans. : PQ = RQ
⇒ PQ 2 = RQ 2
⇒ (0 - 5)2 + [1 - (-3)]2 = (0 - x)2 + (1 - 6)2
⇒ 25 + 16 = x2 + 25
⇒ x2 = 16
⇒ x = ±4
∴ R → (±4, 6)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−
QR = √(0 ± 4) + (1 − 6) = √41
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P R = √(±4 − 5) + {6 − (−3)}
−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(4 − 5) + 81 or √(−4 − 5) + 81
−− –
= √82 or 9√2 .

6. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
point (3, 6) and (-3, 4).
Ans. : It is given that P (x,y) is equidistant from A(3, 6) and B(-3, 4).
Using Distance formula, we can write
PA = PB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
√(x − 3) + (y − 6) = √[x − (−3)] + (y − 4)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √x + 9 − 6x + y + 36 − 12y = √x + 9 + 6x + y + 16 − 8y

Squaring both sides, we get

⇒ x2 + 9 - 6x + y2 + 36 - 12y = x2 + 9 + 6x + y2 + 16 - 8y
⇒ −6x − 12y + 45 = 6x - 8y + 25

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 ⇒ 12x + 4y = 20
⇒ 3x + y = 5

7. Find the ratio in which the segment joining A(1, -5) and B(-4, 5) is divided by the x-
axis. Also find the coordinates of the point of division.
Ans. :
8. If (1, 2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order,
find x and y.
Ans. : Let A → (1, 2), B → (4, y), C→ (x, 6) and D→ (3, 5).
We know that the diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
So, Coordinates of the mid-point of diagonal AC
= Coordinates of the mid-point of diagonal BD
1+x 2+6 4+3 y+5
⇒ ( , ) = ( , )
2 2 2 2

1+x 7 y+5
⇒ ( , 4) = ( , )
2 2 2

1+x 7
⇒ =
2 2

⇒ 1+x=7
⇒ x=6
y+5
and 4 =
2

⇒ y+5=8
⇒ y=3

9. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose

centre is (2, -3) and B is (1, 4).
Ans. : We want to find coordinates of point A. AB is the diameter and coordinates
of centerare (2, -3) and, coordinates of point B are (1, 4).
Let coordinates of point A are (x, y). Using section formula, we get
x+1
2 =
2

⇒4=x+1
⇒x=3
Using section formula, we get
4+y
−3 =
2

⇒ 4 + y = −6
⇒ y =− 6 − 4 = −10
Therefore, Coordinates of point A are (3, −10).

10. If A and B are (-2, -2) and (2, -4) respectively, find the coordinates of P such that
AP = 3
AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
7

Ans. : A = (-2, -2) and B=(2, -4)

It is given that AP= 3

7
AB

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 PB = AB - AP = AB − 7 AB = AB
3 4

So, we have AP:PB = 3:4

Let coordinates of P be (x, y)
Using Section formula to find coordinates of P, we get
(−2)×4+2×3 6−8 −2
x = = =
3+4 7 7
(−2)×4+(−4)×3 −8−12 −20
y = = =
3+4 7 7

Therefore, Coordinates of point P are

−2 −20
( , ) .
7 7

11. Find the area of the rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0), (4, 5), (-1, 4) and (-2, -1)
taken in order.
[Hint: Area of a rhombus =
1

2
(product of its diagonals)]
Ans. : Let A (3, 0), B (4, 5), C (-1, 4) and D (-2, -1)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 –
AC = √(−1 − 3) + (4 − 0) = 4√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−−−− –
BD = √(−2 − 4) + (−1 − 5) = √36 + 36 = 6√2

Area of rhombus = 1

2
d1 × d2
1
= AC × BD
2
– –
=
1

2
× 4√2 × 6√2 = 24 Sq. unit.

12. Fig. given below shows the arrangement of desks in a classroom. Ashima, Bharti
and Camella are seated at A(3, 1), B(6, 4) and C(8, 6) respectively. Do you think
they are seated in a line? Give a reason for your answer.

Ans. : Using the distance formula, we have

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− − − –
2 2
AB = √(6 − 3) + (4 − 1) = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− – –
2 2
BC = √(8 − 6) + (6 − 4) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −− –
2 2
AC = √(8 − 3) + (6 − 1) = √25 + 25 = √50 = 5√2
– – –
Since,
AB + BC = 3√2 + 2√2 = 5√2 = AC

So, we can say that points A, B and C are collinear. Therefore, they are seated in a
line.

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13. Find the relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from
the points (7, 1) and (3, 5).
Ans. : Let P(x, y) be equidistant from the points A(7, 1) and B(3, 5)
AP = BP (Given)
⇒ AP2 = BP2
⇒ (x - 7)2 + (y - 1)2 = (x - 3)2 + (y - 5)2
⇒ x2 + 49 - 14x + y2 + 1 - 2y = x2 + 9 - 6x + y2 + 25 - 10y
⇒ 49 - 14x + 1 - 2y = 9 - 6x + 25 - 10y
⇒ - 14x + 6x - 2y + 10 y = 34 - 50
⇒ -8x + 8y = -16
⇒ x-y=2

14. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5) and B (- 4,
3).
Ans. : We have to find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points
A(6, 5) and B (- 4, 3).
We know that a point on y-axis is of the form (0, y). So, let the required point be P
(0, y).
Then,
PA = PB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √(0 − 6) + (y − 5) = √(0 + 4) + (y − 3)

⇒ 36 + (y - 5)2 = 16 + (y - 3)2
⇒ 36 + y2 - 10y + 25 = 16 + y2 - 6y + 9
⇒ 4y = 36
⇒ y=9
So, the required point is (0, 9).

15. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points (4, -3) and (8, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1 internally.
Ans. :

Let coordinates of the required point be R(x, y). This means R divides the join of
P(4, -3) and Q(8, 5) in the ratio 3:1 internally.
Using the Section formula for internal division, here x1 = 4, y1 = -3, x2 = 8, y2 = 5, m =
3, n = 1
mx2 +nx1 my2 +ny1
⇒ (x,y) = (
m+n
,
m+n
)

3(8)+1(4) 3(5)+1(−3)
⇒ (x,y) = ( 3+1
, 3+1
)
24+4 15−3
⇒ (x,y) = (
4
,
4
)
28 12
⇒ (x,y) = (
4
,
4
) = (7, 3)

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 ⇒ x= 7 and y= 3
Thus, the coordinates of R (x,y) = (7,3)

16. In what ratio does the point (-4, 6) divide the line segment joining the points
A(-6, 10) and B(3, -8)?
Ans. : Let (-4, 6) divide AB internally in the ratio k:1. Using the section formula, we
get
3k−6 −8k+10
(−4, 6) = ( , )
k+1 k+1

So, −4
3k−6
=
k+1

i.e., -4k - 4 = 3k - 6
i.e., 7k = 2
i.e., k:1 = 2:7
The same can be checked for the y-coordinate also.
Therefore, the ratio in which the point (-4,6) divides the line segment AB is 2: 7.

17. Find the coordinates of the point of trisection (i.e., points dividing in three equal
parts) of the line segment joining the points A(2, – 2) and B(–7, 4).
Ans. : Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB i.e., AP = PQ = QB

Therefore, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2. Therefore, the coordinates of P,

by applying the section formula, are
1(−7)+2(2) 1(4)+2(−2)
( , ) , i.e., (−1, 0)
1+2 1+2

Now, Q also divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1. So, the coordinates of Q are
2(−7)+1(2) 2(4)+1(−2)
( , ) , i.e., (−4, 2)
2+1 2+1

Therefore, the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining A
and B are (–1, 0) and (– 4, 2).
18. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (-8, 4), (-6, 6) and (-3, 9).

Ans. : Given that, the vertices of triangles

Let (x1 , y1 ) → (-8, 4)
(x2 , y2 ) → (-6, 6)
and (x3 , y3 ) → (-3, 9)
We know that, the area of triangle with vertices (x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 ) and (x3 , y3 )
1
△ = [x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )]
2

1
△ = [−8(6 − 9) − 6(9 − 4) + (−3)(4 − 9)]
2

1
△ = [−8(−3) − 6(5) − 3(−2)]
2

1
△ = (24 − 30 + 6)
2

1
△ = (30 − 30)
2
1
△ = (0)
2

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 △ = 0

Hence, the required area of triangle is 0.

19. Find the value of a , if the distance between the points A(-3, -14) and B(a, -5) is 9 units.

Ans. : According to the question, Distance between A (-3, -14) and 8 (a, -5), AB = 9
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between two point (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) = 2 2
√(x2 − x1 ) + (y − y ) ]
2 1

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ √(a + 3) + (−5 + 14) = 9
−−− −−−− −−−−−
2 2
⇒ √(a + 3) + (9) = 9

On squaring both the sides, we get

⇒ (a + 3)2 + 81 = 81
⇒ (a + 3)2 = 0
⇒ a = -3
Hence, the required of a is -3.

20. The points A(x1 , y1 ), B(x2 , y2 ) and C(x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of △ABC. What are the
coordinates of the centroid of the triangle ABC?

Ans. : Coordinates of centroid G of △ABC are

x1 +x2 +x3 y1 +y2 +y3
( , )
3 3

It is observed that coordinates of P, Q, R and G are same.

Hence, the mediance intersect at the same point i. e., centroid which divides the medians
in the ratio 2 : 1.

21. The points A(x1 , y1 ), B(x2 , y2 ) and C(x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of △ABC. The median
from A meets BC at D. Find the coordinates of the point D.

Ans. :
Median from A meets BC at D i. e., D is the mid-point of BC.
x2 +x3 y2 +y3
So, the coordinates of D are given by ( , )
2 2

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [30]

22. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2),
(-3, 0), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. : (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2), (-3, 0)
Let A → (-1, -2), B → (1, 0)
C → (-1, 2) and D → (-3, 0)
Then,

Page 8
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
AB = √[1 − (−1)] + [0 − (−2)]
−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(−1 − 1) + (2 − 0)
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(−2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
CD = √[(−3) − (−1)] + (0 − 2)
−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(−2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
DA = √[(−1) − (−3)] + (−2 − 0)
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− – –
= √(2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
AC = √[(−1) − (−1)] + [(2) − (−2)] = 4
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
BD = √[(−3) − (1)] + (0 − 0) = 4

Since AB = BC = CD = DA (i.e., all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal)
and AC = BD (i.e. diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal). Therefore, ABCD is
a square.

23. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (-3, 5), (3, 1), (0, 3),
(-1, -4), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal
parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is:
BC k 1
= =
CA 2k 2

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio
my +ny
m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by
mx2 +nx1 2 1
(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

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 Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: BD

DA
=
2k

k
=
2

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

24. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3),
(1, 2), and give a reason for your answer.
Ans. : (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3), (1, 2)
Let A → (4, 5), B → (7, 6), C → (4, 3) and D → (1, 2)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

Then, AB
2 2
= √(7 − 4) + (6 − 5)
−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(3) + (1) = √9 + 1 = √10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(4 − 7) + (3 − 6)
−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −− –
√(−3) + (−3) = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
CD = √(1 − 4) + (2 − 3)
−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(−3) + (−1) = √9 + 1 = √10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
DA = √(4 − 1) + (5 − 2)
−−−− −− –
= √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AC = √(4 − 4) + (3 − 5) = 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BD = √(1 − 7) + (2 − 6)
−−−−−− −−
= √36 + 16 = √52

We see that
AB = CD, opposite sides are equal
BC = DA
and AC ≠ BD ..... Diagonals are unequal
Hence, the quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

25. Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2, -5) and (-2, 9).
Ans. : We know that a point on the x-axis is of the form (x, 0). So, let the point P(x,
0) be equidistant from A(2, –5) and B(–2, 9). Then
PA = PB
⇒ PA2 = PB2

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 ⇒ (2 - x)2 + (-5 - 0)2 = (-2 - x)2 + (9 - 0)2
⇒ 4 + x2 - 4x + 25 = 4 + x2 + 4x + 81
⇒ - 4x + 25 = 4x + 81
⇒ 8x = -56
−56
⇒ x = = −7
8

Hence, the required point is (-7, 0)

Check:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P A = √{2 − (−7)} + (−5 − 0)
−−−−−− −−−
= √81 + 25 = √106
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P B = √{−2 − (−7)} + (9 − 0)
−−−−−− −−−
= √25 − 81 = √106

∵ PA = PB
∴ Our solution is checked.

26. Do the points (3, 2), (–2, –3) and (2, 3) form a triangle? If so, name the type of
triangle formed.
Ans. : Let us apply the distance formula to find the distances PQ, QR and PR, where
P↔(3, 2),
Q ↔(–2, –3) and
R↔(2, 3)
are the given points. We have
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −− −−−− −−
2 2
= √5 + 5
2 2
PQ = √(3 + 2) + (2 + 3) = √50 = 7.07( approx. )
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−− −−
2 2 2 2
QR = √(−2 − 2) + (−3 − 3) = √(−4) + (−6) = √52

= 7.21( approx. )
−− −−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 –
2 2 2
PR = √(3 − 2) + (2 − 3) = √1 + (−1) = √2 = 1.41( approx. )

Since the sum of any two of these distances is greater than the third distance,
therefore, the points P, Q and R form a triangle.
Also, PQ 2 + PR2 = QR2 , by the converse of Pythagoras theorem, we have ∠ P = 90°.
Therefore, PQR is a right triangle.

27. Show that the points A (1, 7), B (4, 2), C (-1, -1) and D (-4, 4) are the vertices of a
square.
Ans. : Let A(1, 7), B(4, 2), C(-1, -1) and D(-4, 4) be the given points. One way of
showing that ABCD is a square is to use the property that all its sides should be
equal both its diagonals should also be equal. Now,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AB = √(1 − 4) + (7 − 2) = √9 + 25 = √34
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BC = √(4 + 1) + (2 + 1) = √25 + 9 = √34
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−− −−
2 2
CD = √(−1 + 4) + (−1 − 4) = √9 + 25 = √34
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
DA = √(1 + 4) + (7 − 4) = √25 + 9 = √34

Page 11
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AC = √(1 + 1) + (7 + 1) = √4 + 64 = √68
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BD = √(4 + 4) + (2 − 4) = √64 + 4 = √68

Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD, all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD
are equal and its diagonals AC and BD are also equal. Therefore, ABCD is a square.
28. Name the type of triangle formed by the points A(-5, 6), B(-4, -2) and C(7, 5).

Ans. : To find the type of triangle, first we determine the length of all three sides and see
whatever condition of triangle is satisfy by these sides. Now, using distance formula
between two points,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
[ ∵ d = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ AB = √(−4 + 5) + (−2 − 6)
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ AB = √(1) + (−8)
−−−−−
⇒ AB = √1 + 64
−−
⇒ AB = √65
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ BC = √(7 + 4) + (5 + 2)
−−−− −−−−−−
2 2
⇒ BC = √(11) + (7)
−−−−−− −
⇒ BC = √121 + 49
−−−
⇒ BC = √170
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ CA = √(−5 − 7) + (6 − 5)
−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ CA = √(−12) + (1)
−−−−−−
⇒ CA = √144 + 1
−−−
⇒ CA = √145

we see that, AB ≠ BC ≠ CA

and not hold the condition of Pythagoras in a △ABC.

i.e., (Hypotenuse)2 =( Base)2 + (Perpendicular)2

Hence, the required triangle is scalene because all of its sides are not equal i.e., different
to each other.
–
29. Find the points on the x–axis which are at a distance of 2√5 from the point (7, -4). How
many such points are there?

Ans. : We know that, every point on the X-axis in the form (x, 0). Let P(x, 0) the point on the
–
X-axis have 2√5 distance from the point Q (7, -4).
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance formula 2 2
= √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

–
By given condition, PQ = 2√5

(PQ)2 = 4 × 5
⇒ (x - 7)2 + (0 + 4)2 = 20
⇒ X2 + 49 - 14x + 16 = 20
⇒ x2 - 14x + 65 - 20 = 0
⇒ x2 - 14x + 45 = 0

Page 12
 ⇒ x2 - 9x - 5x + 45 = 0 [by factorisation method]
⇒ x(x - 9) - 5(x - 9) = 0
⇒ (x - 9)(x - 5) = 0
x = 5, 9
–
Hence, there are two points lies on the axis, which are (5, 0) and (9, 0), have 2√5 distance
from the point (7, – 4).

30. Find the value of m if the points (5, 1), (-2, -3) and (8, 2m ) are collinear.

Ans. : Let A ≡ (x1 , y1 ) ≡ (5, 1), B ≡ (x2 , y2 ) ≡ (−2, −3),

and C ≡ (x3 , y3 ) ≡ (8, 2m)

Since, the points A ≡ (5, 1), B ≡ (−2, −3)

and C ≡ (8, 2m) are collinear.

∴ Area of △ABC = 0

1
⇒ [x1 (y − y ) + x2 (y − y ) + x3 (y − y )] = 0
2 2 3 3 1 1 2

1
⇒ [5(−3 − 2m) + (−2)(2m − 1) + 8{1 − (−3)}] = 0
2
1
⇒ (−15 − 10m − 4m + 2 + 32) = 0
2

1
⇒ (−14m + 19) = 0
2
19
⇒ m =
14

19
Hence, the required value of m is .
14

31. The points A(x1 , y1 ), B(x2 , y2 ) and C(x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of △ABC. Find the
coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1

Ans. :
The coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1 are given by
x +x y +y
2 3 2 3
2( )+1(x1 ) 2( )+1(y1 )
2 2

x = , y =
2+1 2+1

x2 +x3 +x1 y2 +y3 +y1

⇒ x = , y =
3 3

x1 +x2 +x3 y +y +y
is the required point.
1 2 3
∴ P( , )
3 3

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [125]

32. In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at the four points A, B, C and D as shown in
Fig. Champa and Chameli walk into the class and after observing for a few
minutes Champa asks Chameli, Don’t you think ABCD is a square? Chameli

Page 13
disagrees. Using distance formula, find which of them is correct.

Ans. : It can be seen that A (3, 4), B (6, 7), C (9, 4), and D (6, 1) are the positions of
4 friends

Distance between two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
D = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Hence,
AB = [(3- 6)2 + (4 - 7)2]1/2
−−−− −−
= √9 + 9 = √18
–
= 3√2

BC = [(6 - 9)2 + (7- 4)2]1/2

−−−− −−
= √9 + 9 = √18
–
= 3√2

CD = [(9- 6)2 + (4- 1)2]1/2

−−−− −−
= √9 + 9 = √18
–
= 3√2

AD = [(3 - 6)2 + (4 - 1)2]1/2

−−−− −−
= √9 + 9 = √18
–
= 3√2

Diagonal AC = [(3 - 9)2 + (4 - 4)2]1/2

−−−−−
= √36 + 0 = 6
Diagonal BD = [(6- 6)2 + (7- 1)2]1/2

Page 14
 −−−−−
= √36 + 0 = 6
It can be seen that all sides of quadrilateral ABCD are of the same length and
diagonals are of the same length
Therefore, ABCD is a square and hence, Champa was correct.
33. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –
1) and (–2, –3).
Ans. :

The points of trisection means that the points which divide the line into three equal
parts. From the figure, it is clear that C, and D are these two points. Let C (x1, y1)
and D (x2, y2) are the points of trisection of the line segment joining the given
points i.e., BC = CD = DA
Let BC = CD = DA = k, Point C divides BC and CA as: BC = kCA = CD + DA = k + k = 2k
Hence the ratio between BC and CA is:
BC k 1
= =
CA 2k 2

Therefore, point C divides BA internally in the ratio 1:2 then by section formula we
have that if a point P(x, y) divides two points P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) in the ratio
my +ny
m:n then, the point (x, y) is given by
mx2 +nx1 2 1
(x, y) = ( , )
m+n m+n

Therefore C(x, y) divides B(–2, –3) and A(4,–1) in the ratio 1:2, then
(1×4)+(2×−2) (1×−1)+(2×−3)
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

4−4 −1−6
C(x, y) = ( , )
1+2 1+2

−7
C(x, y) = (0, )
3

Point D divides the BD and DA as:DA = kBD = BC + CD = k + k = 2k

Hence the ratio between BD and DA is: BD

DA
=
2k

k
=
2

The point D divides the line BA in the ratio 2:1

So now applying section formula again we get,
(2×4)+(1×−2) (2×−1)+(1×−3)
D(x, y) = ( , )
2+1 2+1

8−2 −2−3
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

6 −5
D(x, y) = ( , )
3 3

−5
D(x, y) = (2, )
3

34. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular-shaped school ground

ABCD, lines have been drawn with chalk powder at a distance of 1m each. 100
flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1m from each other along AD, as
shown in Figure. Niharika runs 1

4
th the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a
green flag. Preet runs 1

5
th the distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red

Page 15
 flag. What is the distance between both the flags? If Rashmi has to post a blue
flag exactly halfway between the line segment joining the two flags, where
should she post her flag?

Ans. : It can be observed that Niharika posted the green flag at 1

4
th of the distance
AD i.e., from the starting point of 2nd line. Therefore, the
1
× 100 = 25m
4

coordinates of this point G is (2, 25)

Similarly, Preet posted a red flag at 1

5
th of the distance AD i.e.,
1

5
× 100 = 20m from the starting point of 8th line. Therefore, the coordinates of
this point R are (8, 20)
Now we have the positions of posts by Preet and Niharika
According to distance formula, the distance between points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is
given by
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
D = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Distance between these flags by using distance formula,

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
D = √(8 − 2) + (25 − 20)
−−−−−−
= √36 + 25 m
−−
= √61 m

The point at which Rashmi should post her blue flag is the mid-point of the line
joining these points. Let this point be A (X,Y)
Now by midpoint formula,
x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
(X, Y ) = ( , )
2 2

2+8
X = ( ) = 5
2

25+20
Y = ( ) = 22.5
2

Hence, A (X,Y) = (5, 22.5)

Therefore, Rashmi should post her blue flag at 22.5m on the 5th line.

35. Find the coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(-2, 2)
and B(2, 8) into four equal parts.

Page 16
 Ans. : Let P (x1, y1) Q(x2, y2) and R(x3, y3) be the points which divide the line
segment AB into four equal parts.

Then, P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 3 internally.

mx2 +nx1
x =
m+n
(1)(2)+(3)(−2)
∴ x1 =
1+3
2−6 4
= = − = −1
4 4
my2 +ny1
y =
m+n
(1)(8)+(3)(2)
y1 =
1+3
8+6 14 7
= = =
4 4 2

So, P
7
→ (−1, )
2

Also, Q divides AB in the ratio 1 : 1 i.e.

Q is the mid point of AB
−2+2
x2 = = 0
2
2+8 10
y2 = = = 5
2 2

So, Q → (0, 5)
and, R divides AB in the ratio 3 : 1
(3)(2)+(1)(−2)
∴ x2 =
3+1
6−2 4
= = = 1
4 4
(3)(8)+(1)(2)
y3 =
3+1
24+2 26 13
= = =
4 4 2

So, R → (1,
13

2
)

36. Find a point which is equidistant from the points A(-5, 4) and B(-1, 6)? How many such
points are there?

Ans. : Let P (h, k) be the point which is equidistant from the points A (- 5, 4) and B (-1, 6).
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between two point = 2 2
√(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

∴ PA = PB
⇒ (PA)2 = (PB)2
⇒ (-5 - h)2 + (4 - k)2 = (-1 - h)2 + (6 - k)2
⇒ 25 + h2 + 10h + 16 + k2 - 8k = 1 + h2 + 2h + 36 + k2 - 12k
⇒ 25 + 10h + 16 - 8k = 1 + 2h + 36 - 12k
⇒ 8h + 4k + 4 = 0
⇒ 2h + k + 1 = 0
−5−1 4+6
Mid-point AB = ( , ) = (−3, 5)
2 2

x1 +x2 y1 +y2
[ ∵ mid-point = ( , )]
2 2

Page 17
 At point (-3, 5), from EQ. (i).
⇒ 2h + k = 2(-3) + 5
⇒ 2h + k = -6 + 5
⇒ 2h + k = -1
⇒ 2h + k +1 = 0
So, the mid-point of AB satisfy the Eq. (i). Hence, infinite number of points, in fact all points
which are solution of the equation 2h + k + 1 = 0, are equidistant from the points A and B.
Replacing h, kby, x, y in above equation, we have 2 x + y + 1= 0.

37. If (a, b) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points A(10, -6) and B(k, 4) and a
- 2b = 18, find the value of k and the distance AB.

Ans. : Since, (a, b) is the mid-point of line segment AB.

10+k −6+4
∴ (a, b) = ( , )
2 2

x1 +x2 y1 +y2
[ Since, mid-point of a line segment having point (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) = (
2
,
2
)]

10+k
⇒ (a, b) = ( , −1)
2

Now, equating coordinates on both sides, we get

10+k
∴ a = . . . . . (i)
2

and b = -1
Given a - 2b = 18
a - 2(-1) = 18 From Eq. (ii),
⇒ a + 2 = 18
⇒ a = 16
10+k
⇒ 16 = From Eq. (i)
2

⇒ 32 = 10 + k
⇒ k = 22
Hence, the required value of is 22.
⇒ k = 22
A = (10, -6)
B = (22, 4)
Now, distance between A(10, -6) and (22, 4)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(22 − 10) + (4 + 6)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ), d 2 2
= √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(12) + (10)
−−−−−− −−
AB = √144 + 100
−−−
AB = √244
−−
AB = 2√61
−−
Hence, the required distance of AB is 2√61 .

Page 18
38. If (- 4, 3) and (4, 3) are two vertices of an equilateral triangle, find the coordinates of the
third vertex, given that the origin lies in the interior of the triangle.

Ans. : Let A(-4, 3), B(4, 3) and C(x, y) are the three vertices of △ABC.
As the triangle is equileral,
So AC = BC = AB
AC2 = BC2 = AB2 .......(i)
Now, AB2 = (4 + 4)2 + (3 - 3)2
AB2 = (8)2
AB = 64
AB = 8 units ........(ii)
AC2 = (x + 4)2 + (y - 3)2
AC2 = (x)2 + (4)2 + 2(x)(4) +(y)2 + (3)2 - 2(y)(3)
AC2 = x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y + 16 + 9
AC2 = x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y + 25 ........(iii)
BC2 = (x - 4)2 + (y - 3)2
BC2 = (x)2 + (4)2 - 2(x)(4) + (y)2 + (3)2 - 2(y)(3)
BC2 = x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y + 16 + 9
BC2 = x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y + 25 ..........(iv)
Now, AC2 = AB2 [From (i)]
x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y + 25 = 64 [From (iii), (ii)]
x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y = 64 - 25
x2 + y2 + 8x - 6y = 39 ......(v)
Again BC2 = AB2 [From (i)]
x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y + 25 = 64 [From (ii), (iv)]
x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y = 64 - 25
x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y = 39 .....(vi)

Subtracting (v) from (vi), we have

⇒x=0
Putting x = 0 in (v), we have
(0)2 + y2 + 8(0) - 6y = 39
⇒ y2 - 6y - 39 = 0
⇒ D = b2 - 4ac (a = 1, b = -6, c = -39)
⇒ D = (-6)2 - 4(1)(-39)
⇒ D = 36 + 156
⇒ D = 192
−
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ √D = √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

Page 19
 −
− –
⇒ √D = 8√3

−b±√D
∴ y =
2a

6±8 √3
⇒ y =
2×1

2(3±4 √3)
⇒ y =
2
–
⇒ y = 3 + 4√3
1
–
and y2 = 3 − 4√3
– –
Hence, the third vertex of △ABC maybe C(0, 3 + 4√3) and C(0, 3 − 4√3)

–
Now, C(0, 3 + 4√3)
= C(0, 3 + 4 × 1.732)
= C(0, 3 + 6.9)
= C(0, 9.9)
′ –
and C (0, 3 − 4√3)

= C'(0, 3 - 4 × 1.732)
= C'(0, 3 - 6.9)
= C'(0, -3.09)
–
So, the required point so that origin lies inside it is (0, 3 − 4√3).

39. The centre of a circle is (2a, a - 7). Find the values of a if the circle passes through the
–
point (11, -9) and has diameter 10√2 units.

Ans. : By given condition,

Distance between the centre C(2a, a - 7) and the point P( 11, -9), which lie on the circle =
Radius of circle
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ), d 2 2
= √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Radius of circle 2
= √(11 − 2a ) + (−9 − a + 7)
2

Page 20
 –
Given that length of diameter = 10√2

Length of diameter
∴ Length of radius =
2

10 √2 –
= = 5√2
2

Put this value in Eq. (i), we get

– −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
5√2 = √(11 − 2a) + (−2 − a)

Squaring on both sides, we get

⇒ 50 = (11 - 2a)2 + (2 + a)2
⇒ 50 = 121 + 4a 2 - 44a + 4 + a 2 + 4a
⇒ 5a 2 - 40a + 75 = 0
⇒ a 2 - 8a + 15 = 0
⇒ a 2 - 5a - 3a + 15 = 0
⇒ a(a - 5) - 3(a - 5) = 0
⇒ (a - 5)(a - 5) = 0
∴ a = 3, 5
Hence, the required values of a are 5 and 3.

40. A(6, 1), B(8, 2) and C(9, 4) are three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD. If E is the
midpoint of DC, find the area of △ADE.

Ans. :
ABCD is a paralleiogram so
[Mid point of diagonal BD] = [Mid point of diagonal AC]
x4 +8 y4 +2
∴ Mid point of BD = ( , )
2 2

6+9 1+4
and Mid point of AC = ( , )
2 2

x4 +8 15 y4 +2 5
⇒
2
=
2
and 2
=
2

⇒ x4 = 15 − 8 and y4 = 5 −2

⇒ x4 = 7 and y4 = 3

∴ D = (7, 3)

x4 +9 y +4
4
Mid point of DC is = E( , )
2 2

7+9 3+4
= E( , )
2 2

16 7
= E( , )
9 2

7
= E(8, )
2

Page 21
 1 7 7
Now, Area of △ADE =
2
[6(3 −
2
) + 7(
2
− 1) + 8(1 − 3)]

1 −1 5
= [6( ) + 7( ) + 8(−2)]
2 2 2

1 35
= (3 + − 16)
2 2

1 −6+35−32
= ( )
2 2

1 (−3)
= ×
2 2

−3
= sq. units
4
3
= sq. units [In magnitude]
4

3
Hence, the area of △ADE is
4
sq. units.

7 7
41.
−1 5
If D( 2
,
2
), E(7, 3) and F = ( , ) are the mid-point of sides of △ABC, find
2 2

the area of the △ABC.

Ans. : Let A ≡ (x1 , y ), B ≡ (x2 , y )

1 2
and C ≡ (x3 , y )
3
are the vertices of the △ABC.

−1 5 7 7
Gives, D( , ), E(7, 3) and F = ( , ) be the mid-point of the sides BC, CA and AB
2 2 2 2

respectively.
−1 5
Since, D(
2
,
2
) is the mid-point of BC.
x2 +x3 1
∴ = −
2 2

[ ∵ mid-point of a line segment passes throught the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is
x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
( , )]
2 2

y2 +y3 5
and 2
=
2

⇒ x2 + x3 = −1 . . . . . (i)

and y2 + y3 = 5 . . . . . . (ii)

As E(7, 3) is the mid-point of CA

x3 +x1
∴ = 7
2
y3 +y1
and = 3
2

⇒ x3 + x1 = 14 . . . . . (iii)

and y3 + y1 = 6 . . . . . (iv)

7 7
Also F = (
2
,
2
) is the mid-point of AB.
x1 +x2 7
∴ =
2 2
y1 +y2 7
and =
2 2

⇒ x1 + x2 = 7 . . . . . . (v)

and y1 + y2 = 7 . . . . . (iv)

On adding Eqs. (i), (iii) and (v), we get

2(x1 + x2 + x3 ) = 20
x1 + x2 + x3 = 10

Page 22
 On subtracting Eqs. (i), (iii) and (v) from Eq. (vii) respectively, we get
x1 = 11, x2 = -4, x3 = 3
On addting Eqs. (ii), (iv) and (vi), we get
2(y1 + y2 + y3 ) = 18
y1 + y2 + y3 = 9
On subtracting Eq. (ii), (iv) and (vi) from Eq. (vii) respectively, we get
y1 = 4, y2 = 3, y3 = 2
Hence, the vertices of △ABC are A(11, 4), B(-4, 3) and C(3, 2)
∵ Area of △ ABC

1
△ = [x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )] = 0
2

1
△ = [11(3 − 2) + (−4)(2 − 4) + 3(4 − 3)]
2
1
△ = = [11 × 1 + (−4)(−2) + 3(1)]
2

1
△ = (11 + 8 + 3)
2

22
△ = = 11
2

Required area of △ABC = 11.

42. Find the values of k if the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and C(5k - 1, 5k) are
collinear.

Ans. : We know that, if three points are collinear, then the area of triangle formed by these
points is zero.
Since, the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and C(5k - 1, 5k) are collinear.
Then, area of △ABC = 0

1
⇒ [x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )] = 0
2

Here, x1 = k + 1, x2 = 3k, x3 = 5k − 1

and y1 = 2k1 , y2 = 2k + 3, y3 = 5k

1
⇒ [(k+1)(2k + 3 − 5k) + 3k(5k − 2k) + (5k − 1)(2k − (2k + 3))] = 0
2

1
⇒ [(k + 1)(−3k + 3) + 3k(3k) + (5k − 1)(2k − 2k − 3)] = 0
2

1 2 2
⇒ [−3k + 3k − 3k + 3 + 9k − 15k + 3] = 0
2

1 2
⇒
2
(6k − 15k + 6) = 0 [multiply by 2]
2
⇒ 6k − 15k + 6 = 0 [by factorisation method]
2
⇒ 2k − 5k + 2 = 0 [divide by 3]
2
⇒ 2k − 4k − k + 2 = 0

⇒ 2k(k − 2) − 1(k − 2) = 0

⇒ (k − 2)(2k − 1) = 0

If k − 2, then k = 2

1
If 2k − 1 = 0, then k =
2

1
∴ k = 2,
2
1
Hence, the required values of k are 2 and .
2

Page 23
43. Find the coordinates of the point Q on the x–axis which lies on the perpendicular
bisector of the line segment joining the points A(-5, -2) and B(4, -2). Name the type of
triangle formed by the points Q, A and B.

Ans. : Firstly, we plot the points of the line segment on the paper and join them.

We know that, the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB bisect the segment AB,
i.e., perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB passes through the mid-point of AB.
−5+4 −2−2
∴ Mid-point of AB = ( , )
2 2

−1
⇒ R = ( , −2)
2

[ ∵mid-point of a line segment passes throught the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is
x1 +x2 y1 +y2
( , )]
2 2

Now, we draw a staight line on paper passes through the mid-point R. we see that
1
perpendicular bisector cuts the x-axis at the point Q( − , 0)
2

1
Hence, the required coordinates of Q = ( −
2
, 0)

Alternate Answer
To find the coordinates of the point of 0 on the X-axis. We find the equation of
perpendicular bisector of the line segment AS. Now, slope of line segment AB,
y2 −y1
Let m1 =
x2 −x1

−2−(−2)
⇒ m1 =
4−(−5)

−2+2
⇒ m1 =
4+5

0
⇒ m1 =
9

⇒ m1 = 0

Let the slope of perpendicular bisector of line segment is m2 .

Since, perpendicular bisector is perpendicular to the line segment AB
By perpendicularity condition of two lines,
m1 : m2 = −1

−1 −1
⇒ m2 = =
m1 0

⇒ m2 = ∞

Also, we know that, the perpendicular bisector is always passes throught the mid-point of
the line segment.

Page 24
 −5+4 −2−2
∴ Mid-point = ( , )
2 2

−1
( , −2)
2

x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
[ ∵ Mid-point = ( , )]
2 2

To find the equation of perpendicular bisector of line segment, we find the slope and a
point through which perpendicular bisector is pass
Now, equation of perpendicular bisector having slope ∞ and passing through the point
−1
( , −2) is,
2

[∵ (y − y1 ) = m2 (x − x1 )]

1
⇒ (y − 2) = ∞(x + )
2

y+2 1
⇒ 1
= ∞ =
2
x+
2

1
⇒ x + = 0
2

−1
∴ x =
2

−1
So, the coordinates of the point Q is ( , 0) on the x-axis which lies on the perpendicular
2

bisector of the line segment joining the point AB.

To know the type of triangle formed by the points Q, A and B. We find the length of all three
sides and see whatever condition of triangle is satisfy by these sides.

Now, using distance formula between two points,

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(4 + 5) + (−2 + 2)
−−−− −−−
2
AB = √(9) + 0

AB = 9

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between two points (x1 , x2 ) and (x2 , y2 ) = 2 2
√(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
−1
2
BQ = √( − 4) + (0 + 2)
2

−−−−−−−−−−−
2
−9
2
BQ = √( ) + (2)
2

−−−−−
81
BQ = √ +4
4

−−
97
BQ = √
4

Page 25
 −−
97
BQ = √
2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1 2
QA = √( − 5 + ) + (−2 − 0)
2

−−−−−−−−−−−
2
−9 2
QA = √( ) + (2)
2

−−−−−
81
QA = √ +4
4

−−
97
QA = √
4

−−
97
QA = √
2

We see that, BQ = QA ≠ AB

Which shows that the triangle formed by the point Q, A and 6 an isosceles.

44. Find the coordinates of the point R on the line segment joining the points P(-1, 3) and
3
Q(2, 5) such that PR =
5
PQ.

Ans. : According to the question,

3
Given that, PR = PQ
5

PQ 5
⇒ =
PR 3

PR + RQ 5
⇒ =
PR 3

RQ 5
⇒ 1 + =
PR 3

PQ 5
⇒ = +1
PR 3

PQ 2
⇒ =
PR 3

∴ RQ : PR = 2 : 3

or PR : RQ = 3 : 2

Suppose, R(x, y) be the point which divides the line segment joining the points P(-1, 3) and
Q(2, 5) in the ratio 3 : 2.
3(2)+2(−1) 3(5)+2(3)
∴ (x, y) = { , }
3+2 3+2

m2 x1 +m1 x2 m2 y1 +m1 y2
[ ∵ by internal section formula, { m1 +m1
,
m1 +m2
)} ]

6−5 15+6
⇒ (x, y) = ( , )
5 5

4 21
⇒ (x, y) = ( , )
5 5

4 21
Hence, the required coordinates of the point R is ( 5 , 5
).

45. If the points A(1, -2), B(2, 3), C(a, 2) and D(- 4, -3) form a parallelogram, find the value of
a and height of the parallelogram taking AB as base.

Ans. : As ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.

Page 26
 The mid points of diagonals of parallelogram will coincide i. e.,
Mid-point of diagonal AC = Mid-point of diagonal BD
1+a −2+2 −4+2 −3+3
⇒ ( , ) = ( , )
2 2 2 2

1+a −2
⇒ ( , 0) = ( , 0)
2 2

1+a −2
⇒ =
2 2

⇒ a = −2 − 1

⇒ a = −3

Hence, the value of a is -3.

1
Area of △ABD = base × altitude
2

1 1
⇒ [x1 (y − y ) + x2 (y − y ) + x3 (y − y )] = AB × h
2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2

1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ [1{3 − (−3)} + 2{−3 − (−2)} − 4(−2 − 3)] = −√(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )
2

1 h −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ [(3 + 3) + 2(−3 + 2) − 4(−5)] = √(2 − 1) + (3 + 2)
2 2

1 h
−−−− −−−−−
2 2
⇒ [6 + 2(−1) + 20] = √(1) + (5)
2 2

1 h −−−−−
⇒ [6 − 2 + 20] = √1 + 25
2 2

1 h −−
⇒ [26 − 2] = √26
2 2
−−
⇒ h√26 = 24

24 √26
⇒ h = ×
√26 √26

24 √26
⇒ h =
26

12 −−
⇒ h = √26 units
13

12 √26
Hence, the perpendicular distance between parallel sides AB and CD is 13
units.

46. Find the ratio in which the line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 divides the line segment joining the
points (8, -9) and (2, 1). Also find the coordinates of the point of division.

Ans. : Let the line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points A (8, -9) and B
(2, 1) in the ratio λ : 1 at point P.
2λ+8 λ−9
∴ Coordinates of P ≡ {
λ+1
,
λ+1
}

m2 x1 +m1 x2 m2 y1 +m1 y2
[ ∵ internal division { m1 +m1
,
m1 +m2
)} ]

But P lies on 2x + 3y − 5 = 0

2λ+8 λ−9
∴ 2( ) + 3( ) −5 = 0
λ+1 λ+1

⇒ 2(2λ + 8) + 3(λ − 9) − 5(λ + 1) = 0

Page 27
 ⇒ 4λ + 16 + 3λ − 27 − 5λ − 5 = 0

⇒ 2λ − 16 = 0

⇒ λ = 8

⇒ λ : 1

⇒ 8 : 1

So, the point P divides the lies the line in the ratio 8 : 1
2(8)+8 8−9
∴ Point of division P ≡ {
8+1
,
8+1
}

16+8 1
P ≡ ( ,− )
9 9

24 −1
P ≡ ( , )
9 9

8 −1
P ≡ ( , )
3 9

8 −1
Hence, the requied point of division is ( 3 , 9
).

47. Students of a school are standing in rows and columns in their playground for a drill
practice. A, B, C and D are the positions of four students as shown in Is it possible to
place Jaspal in the drill in such a way that he is equidistant from each of the four

students A, B, C and D? If so, what should be his position?

Ans. : Corrdinates of A, B, C and D from graph are A(3, 5), B(7, 9), C(11, 5) and D(7, 1).
To find the shape of □ABCD,
⇒ AB2 = (7 - 3)2 + (9 - 5)2
⇒ AB2 = 42 + 42
⇒ AB2 = 42 (1 + 1)
–
⇒ AB = 4√2 units
–
∴ AB = BC = CD = DA = 4√2 units

So, ABCD will be either square or rhombus.

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Now, Diagonal AC 2
= √(11 − 3) + (5 − 5)
2

−−−− −−−−−
2 2
⇒ AC = √(8) + (0)

⇒ AC = 8 units

∴ Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD
So, the given quadrilateral ABCD is a square. the point which is equidistant from point A, B,
C, D of a square ABCD will be at the intersecting point of diagonals and diagonals bisect
each other.

Page 28
 Hence, the requored point O equidistant from A, B, C, D is mid point of any diagonal
7+7 9+1 14 10
= ( , ) = ( , ) = (7, 5).
2 2 2 2

Hence, the required point is (7, 5).

48. If P(9a, -2, -b) divides line segment joining A(3a + 1, -3) and B(8a, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1,
find the values of a and b.

Ans. :

Let P(9a - 2, -b) divides AS internally in the ratio 3 : 1.

By section formula,
By section fotmula, the coordinates of point P are given as:
m2 x1 +m1 x2 m2 y1 +m1 y2
( , )
m1 +m1 m1 +m2

3(8a)+1(3a+1) 3(5)+1(−3)
= ( . )
3+1 3+1

3(8a)+1(3a+1)
⇒ 9a − 2 =
3+1

3(5)+1(−3)
and −b =
3+1

24a+3a+1
⇒ 9a − 2 =
4

15−3
and −b =
4
27a+1
⇒ 9a − 2 =
4

12
and −b =
4

⇒ 36a − 8 = 27a + 1

and b = −3

Hence proved a = 1 and b = -3.

49. The points A(x1 , y1 ), B(x2 , y2 ) and C(x3 , y3 ) are the vertices of △ABC. Find the
coordinates of points Q and R on medians BE and CF, respectively such that BQ : QE = 2
: 1 and CR : RF = 2 : 1.

Ans. :
a. Midian BE meets the sides AC at its mid-point E.
x1 +x3 y1 +y3
∴ Coordinates of E are( , ).
2 2

Now, the corrdinates of Q such that BE is median and BQ : QE = 2 : 1 are given by

x +x y +y
2 3 2 3
2( )+1(x2 ) 2( )+1(y2 )
2 2

x = , y =
2+1 2+1

x1 +x3 +x2 y +y +y
1 3 2
⇒ x = , ⇒ y =
3 3

The coordinates of point Q on medianj BE such at QB : QE = 2 : 1 are

x1 +x2 +x2 y1 +y2 +y3
( , ).
3 3
 b. Median CF meets the side AB at its mid-point F.
x1 +x2 y1 +y2
∴ Coordinates of F are( , ).
2 2

Now, the coordinates of R such that CF is median and CR : RF = 2 : 1 are given by

x +x y +y
1 2 1 2
1(x3 )+2( ) 1(y )+2( )
2 3 2

x = , y =
1+2 1+2

x3 +x1 +x2 y3 +y1 +y2

⇒ x = , y =
3 3

So, the coordinates point R on the median CF such that CR : RF = 2 : 1 are

x1 +x2 +x3 y1 +y2 +y3
( , )
3 3

50. In what ratio does the x–axis divide the line segment joining the points (-4, -6) and (-1,
7)? Find the coordinates of the point of division.

Ans. : Let the required ratio be λ : 1. So, the coordinates of the point M of division A (- 4,
-6) and B(-1,7) are
λ(−1)+1(−4) λ(7)+1(−6) λ−4 7λ−6
( , )= ( , )
λ+1 λ+1 λ+1 λ+1

But according to the question, line segment joining A(-4, -6) and B(-1, 7) is divided by the x-
axis. So, y-coordinate must be zero.
7λ−6
∴
λ+1

⇒ 7λ − 6 = 0

6
∴ λ =
7

So, the required ratio is 6 : 7 and the point of division M is

6 6
− −4 7× −6
7 7
{ 6
, 6
}
+1 +1
7 7

−34

6−6
i. e., (
7

13
, 13
)
7 7

−34
i. e., ( , 0)
13

−34
Hence, the required point of division is ( , 0).
13

51. What type of a quadrilateral do the points A(2, -2), B(7, 3), C(11, -1) and D(6, -6) taken in
that order, form?

Ans. : To find the type of quadrilateral, we find the length of all four sides as well as two
diagonals and see whatever condition of quadrilateral is satisfy by these sides as well as
diagonals. Now, using distance formula between two points,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ Since, distance between two point (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) = 2 2
√(x2 − x1 ) + (y − y ) ]
2 1
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Sides, AB 2
= √(7 − 2) + (3 + 2)
2

−−−− −−−−−
2 2
AB = √(5) + (5)
−−−−−−
AB = √25 + 25
−−
AB = √50
–
AB = 5√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(11 − 7) + (−1 − 3)
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(4) + (−4)
−−−−−−
BC = √16 + 16
−−
BC = √32
–
BC = 4√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
CD = √(6 − 11) + (−6 + 1)
−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
CD = √(−5) + (−5)
−−−−−−
CD = √25 + 25
−−
CD = √50
–
CD = 5√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
and DA 2
= √(2 − 6) + (−2 + 6)
2

−−−−−−
DA = √16 + 16
−−
DA = √32
–
DA = 4√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Diagonals, AC 2
= √(11 − 2) + (−1 + 2)
2

−−−− −−−−−
2 2
AC = √(9) + (1)
−−−−−
AC = √81 + 1
−−
AC = √82
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
and BD 2
= √(6 − 7) + (−6 − 3)
2

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BD = √(−1) + (−9)
−−−−−
BD = √1 + 81
−−
BD = √82

Here, we see that the sides AB = CD and BC = DA

Also, diagonals are equal i. e., AC = BD
Which shows the quadrilateral is a rectangle.

52. Ayush starts walking from his house to office. Instead of going to the office directly, he
goes to a bank first, from there to his daughter’s school and then reaches the office.
 What is the extra distance travelled by Ayush in reaching his office? (Assume that all
distances covered are in straight lines). If the house is situated at (2, 4), bank at (5, 8),
school at (13, 14) and office at (13, 26) and coordinates are in km.

Ans. : Consider the coordinates of house H(2, 4), bank B(5, 8), school S(13, 14) and office
O(13, 14).
Distance HB2 = (5 - 2)2 + (8 - 4)2
⇒ HB2 = 32 + 42
⇒ HB2 = 9 + 16
⇒ HB2 = 25
⇒ HB = 5km
Distance BS2 = (13 - 5)2 + (14 - 8)2
⇒ BS2 = 82 + 62
⇒ BS2 = 64 + 36
⇒ BS2 = 100
⇒ BS = 10km
Distance SO2 = (13 - 13)2 + (26 - 14)2
⇒ SO2 = 02 + 122
⇒ SO2 = 122
⇒ SO = 12km
Total distance travelled by ayush from house to bank to school and then to office
= HB + BS + SO
= 5 + 10 + 12
= 27km
Direct distance from house to office = HO
⇒ HO2 = (13 - 2)2 + (26 - 4)2
⇒ HO2 = (11)2 + (22)2
⇒ HO2 = 121 + 484
−−−
⇒ HO = √605

HO = 24.6km
So, extra distance travalled by ayush = 27km - 24.6km = 2.4km.
Hence, extra distance travelled by ayush = 2.4km.

53. Find the ratio in which the point P(

3

4
,
5

12
) divides the line segment joining the points

1 3
A(
2
,
2
) and B(2, -5).

Ans. : Let P( 34 , 5

12
) divide AB internally in the ratio m : n

Using the section formula, we get

n 3
2m− −5m+ n
3 5 2 2
( , ) = ( , )
4 12 m+n m+n
 [ ∵ internal section formula, the coordinates of point P divides the line segment joining
m2 x1 +m1 x2 m2 y1 +m1 y2
the point (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) in the ratio m1 : m2 internally is ( m1 +m1
,
m1 +m2
)]

On equation, we get
n 3
2m− −5m+ n
3 5
and
2 2
= =
4 m+n 12 m+n

3 4m−n 5 −10m+3n
⇒ = and =
4 2(m+n) 12 2(m+n)

3 4m−n 5 −10m+3n
⇒
4
=
m+n
and 6
=
m+n

⇒ 3m + 2n = 8m - 2n and 5m + 5n = -60m + 18n

⇒ 5n - 5m = 0 and 65m - 13n = 0
⇒ n = m and 13(5m - n) = 0
⇒ n = m and 5m - n = 0
Since, m = n does not satisty.
⇒ 5m - n = 0
⇒ 5m = n
m 1
=
n 5

Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 5.

54. The points A(2, 9), B(a, 5) and C(5, 5) are the vertices of a triangle ABC right angled at
B. Find the values of a and hence the area of △ABC.

Ans. : Given that, the points A(2, 9), B(a, 5) and C(5, 5) are the vertices of a △ABC right
angled at B.
By Pythagoras theorem, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 .........(i)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ), d 2 2
= √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √a + 4 − 4a + 16
−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √a − 4a + 20
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(5 − a) + (5 − 5)
−−−−− −− −−−
2
BC = √(5 − a) + 0

BC = 5 − a

Put the values of AB, BC, and AC in Eq. (i), we get

−−−−−−−−−− 2
2 2 2
(5) = (√a − 4a + 20 ) + (5 − a)

⇒ 25 = a 2 - 4a + 20 + 25 + a 2 - 10a
⇒ 2a 2 - 14a + 20 = 0
⇒ a 2 - 7a + 10 = 0
⇒ a 2 - 2a - 5a + 10 = 0
⇒ a(a - 2) - 5(a - 2) = 0
⇒ (a - 2) - (a - 5) = 0
⇒ a = 2, 5
 Here, a ≠ 5, since at a = 5, the length of BC = 0. It is not Possible because the sides AB,
BC and CA form a right angled triangle.
⇒a=2
Now, the coordinate of A, B and C become (2, 9), (2, 5) and (5, 5), respectively.
∵ Area of △ ABC

1
△ = [x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )] = 0
2

1
△ = [2(5 − 5) + 2(5 − 9) + 5(9 − 5)]
2
1
△ = [2 × 0 + 2(−4) + 5(4)]
2

1
△ = × 12 = 6
2

Hence, the required area of △ABC is 6 sq units.

55. If the point A(2, -4) is equidistant from P(3, 8) and Q(-10, y), find the values of y. Also find
distance PQ.

Ans. : According to the question,

A(2, -4) is equidistant from P(3, 8) = Q(-10, y) is equidistant from A(2, -4)
i. e., PA = QA
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √(2 − 3) + (−4 − 8) = √(2 − 10) + (−4 − y)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
[ ∵ distance between two points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ), 2 2
d = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− −−−−−−− −−

2 2 2 2
⇒ √(−1) + (−12) = √(12) + (4 + y)
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
⇒ √1 + 144 = √144 + 16 + y + 8y
−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
2
⇒ √145 = √160 + y + 8y

On squaring both the sides, we get

145 = 160 + y2 + 8y
y2 + 8y + 160 - 145 = 0
y2 + 8y + 15 = 0
y2 + 5y + 3y + 15 = 0
y(y + 5) + 3(y + 5) = 0
(y + 5)(y + 3) = 0
If y + 5 = 0, then y = -5
If y + 3 = 0, then y = -3
Now, distance between P(3, 8) and Q(-10, y)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
PQ = √(−10 − 3) + (y − 8)
2
[Putting y = -3]
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ PQ = √(13) + (−3 − 8)
−−−−−− −−
⇒ PQ = √169 + 121
−−−
⇒ PQ = √290

Again, distance between P(3, 8) and (-10, y)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
PQ = √(−13) + (−5 − 8)
2
[Putting y = -5]
−−−−−− −−
⇒ PQ = √169 + 169
−−−
⇒ PQ = √338
 −−−
Hence, the values of y are -3, -5 and corresponding values of PQ are √290 and
−−−
√338 = 1342, respectively.

56. The line segment joining the points A (3, 2) and B (5, 1) is divided at the point P in the
ratio 1 : 2 and it lies on the line 3x - 18y + k = 0. Find the value of k.

Ans. : Given that, the line segment joining the points 4(3, 2) and 6(5, 1) is divided at the
point P in the ratio 1 : 2.
5(1)+3(2) 1(1)+2(2)
Coordinate of point P ≡ {
1+2
,
1+2
}

5+6 1+4
P ≡ ( , )
3 3

11 5
P ≡ ( , )
3 3

m2 x1 +m1 x2 m2 y1 +m1 y2
[ ∵ by section formula for internal ratio ≡ (
m1 +m1
,
m1 +m2
)]

11 5
But the point P( 3
,
3
) lies on the line 3x - 18y + k = 0 [given]

11 5
∴ 3( ) − 18( ) +k = 0
3 3

⇒ 11 - 30 + k = 0
⇒ k - 19 = 10
⇒ k = 19
Hence, the required value of k is 19.

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