Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
College of Engineering
EE/ECE Department
Conducted by:
Electricity has been an integral part of human life and society in total; this would
mean the widespread utilization of electricity in vast areas. This would then cause
widespread inefficiencies in the system, which would mean that proper system analysis
and planning is essential. Designing the transmission and distribution system would
employ load flow analysis and short circuit analysis in order to determine and identify
any flows present in the system and the perform appropriate actions to mitigate any
issues found
Load flow analysis is a method of analysis used in power systems that one can
use to determine the amount of current and voltage a certain bus of the power system
consumes per given load. The system must also consider different factors that may
affect the system designed. Factors such as the environment which will determine the
type of material that will be used in construction and since Philippines is a tropical
country and may then have many temperature impacts to the electrical system. These
factors must be considered before any analysis must be applied such as the short
circuit analysis.
Figure 1: Engineers at the control room performing tasks which would include
Short circuit analysis determines the amount of the fault current that will flow in a
given fault bus. Load flow and Short Circuit Analysis are a critical to any type of power
system of a certain institution. Institutions such as the Central Philippine University have
a simple power system that has two feeders providing the power for the institution. In
this case study however, the feeder two is chosen by the group of students to be subject
to the study. The study aims to determine any flaws in the feeder two of the school and
Load flow analysis also employs the voltage stability analysis which measures
the capacity of the system to manage any acceptable voltages at all busses present in
the power system under normal conditions. This is done to prevent any instability in the
system which may lead to a voltage collapse. Therefore this method used by power
Figure 2: Excerpt from the study “A short survey of methods for voltage
instability detection” by M. Glavic and T.V. Custem which shows the unstable
accidental power losses which has a grave impact upon its power budget and then
therefore would affect the overall financial stability of the institution. Frequent blackouts
may be from voltage instabilities, which would be very detrimental to any electric
appliance present in the grid of the institution’s power system. Thus the study was made
and conducted to help analyse the amount of loads present, the amount it pulls from the
feeder, and if issues are found what are the steps to mitigate such issues?
Figure 3: Loads such the Henry Luce III Library consume large amounts of power
LOAD 5: ADMIN
BANK
demands which then compose several problems to the power system of the Institution.
The problem was brought by the University’s Power Plant which they need data which
support its decision making to apply the right action for the issues that have arisen
Objective:
The case study that is to be conducted in the institution aims to find out the load
flow, the capacity the institution can hold and the appropriate measure to take in order
The situation in the feeder two and the overall power system needs an electrical
assessment which may need actual and theoretical readings of the loads present in the
feeder. The loads will be then be subject to load flow and short circuit analysis, in order
to determine what may be the flow that is present in the system and be able to
The theoretical aspect of the feeder two is determined by the surveying of the
team building by building and determining the max loadings present in each building
and ultimately determining the maximum load present in a certain node of the feeder.
The actual aspect of the feeder system is determined by utilizing the power
logger on each of the main nodes present in the feeder system. The power logger will
determine the average voltage, current, power, and other important electrical
Figure 6: The Elementary Transformer Bank (Upper Pictures) and the Admin
Feeder two system is shown below utilizing the ETAP software for the circuit
calculations
As seen on the ETAP software of the Feeder 2 where the values are in phase
is 0.476 MVA therefore a 1 MVA standard rating transformer must be selected, designed
and utilized. This standard rating is within the safety factor and verified using
calculations.
Then after analysing the loads and drawing conclusions the next step is to
conduct the short circuit analysis of the system. Short circuit analysis is used to
determine the magnitude of the short circuit current and determines the OCPD
Table 1: This table indicates the amount of fault current that will pass when a three
Table 2: This table indicates the short circuit fault current amount that will be generated
Analysis
From the data that was collected from the primary and secondary sides of the
bus the Kilo Ampere Interrupting Current was determined. The Kilo Ampere Interrupting
Current or KAIC for short is the fault current that will pass whenever a three phase fault
occurs. Thus the KAIC ratings of the protection must be above the solved parameters.
This will certify that the breakers will trip and no short circuit current will damage the
loads of the busses and will only trigger and trip the breakers attached.
The protective devices must be higher that the KAIC ratings from the tables, thus
Overall Recommendations
From the data that was collected it is highly recommended that a 1 MVA standard
Transformer is to be designed and used, in order for the capacity of the power plant’s
capacity is extended.
This is a recommendation to the office of CPU which can be the basis for the
power plant’s extension or improvement. The design was based on the power logging
results on the feeder number two line. The data from the power logging of each
transformer bank was done in about a day or 24 hrs. The example of the data collected
The data that was collected was the data that would be regularly seen in
summer, since it was collected at that time. This would mean the loads are a little bit
somehow similar. The optimal power can then be calculated and the designed using the
parameters solved. The safety factor of 125% is also considered in order for an
allowance of 80% more than the load. This would ensure the safety of the system since
in practical applications currents might exceed the calculated terms, therefore the safety
From the study conducted the group is only limited to the feeder number two of
the premises of Central Philippine University. The calculations are supported by the data
logger’s parameters. The data logging would then be helpful to the students and also to
the faculty of the Central Philippine University. The students have learned a very
important aspect in their engineering career; these are the practical aspects such as
attaching a power logger in a transformer bank. The students have done this all by
themselves but of course the students are supervised by the advisers of the following
APPENIDX
REFERENCES
http://carelabz.com/what-why-load-flow-analysis-power-flow-analysis-done/
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-short-survey-of-methods-for-voltage-
instability-Glavic-Cutsem/975f4f9b6b35c9ab530099356f885d4d59ac4f08/figure/0
https://www.finduniversity.ph/universities/central-philippine-university/images/
http://carelabz.com/what-short-circuit-analysis-done-why/