SIEMENS N-000073_E_D2_0525.

002_B2_C

INTRODUCTION

Sag tension calculation is carreid out to estimate the sag in the conductor
under various tempratures. The calculation is carried out for the
conductor span lengths in use in 230kV

PARAMETERS USED

θ1 - Initial Temperature wi - Equivalent weight of insulator with full wind

θ2 - Final Temperature l - Half span length of conductor
L- Span Length D1- Sag at centre of insulator catenary'
f1 - Stress at Temprature θ1 below end of string
f2 - Stress at Temprature θ2 D2- Sag at centre of insulator catenary'
w1- Equivalent weight of below support
conductor at Temprature θ1 D3 - Conductor Sag below end of insulator string
w2- Equivalent weight of Ww- Wind load
conductor at Temprature θ2 D4 - Total Sag insulator plus conductor
T1 - Tension at Temprature θ1 X - Half inclined length of conductor span
T2 - Tension at Temprature θ2 X1 - Projected Length of SP
nc- No. of spacers X2- Projected length of SP+RS
m'sc- Equivalent conductor weight X3- Projected length of insulator string

BASIS OF CALCULATION

Tension at any temperature θ2 deg C

a) Tension at any temperature θ2

the equation to be solved is as follows:
f22 x [f2 - F] = G
2
w 2l E
where, F = f1- 1 -(θ2 -θ1)aE
6T 2
1

G= w22l2E
6Ac2
f1= T1/Ac

b) Loading due to wind on conductor and insulator:

Wind loading Ww = Pw x Aw for conductor
Wind loading Wwi = Pwi x Awi for insulator

c) Loading due to self weight of the conductor and spacers:

weight of the spacers has been considered alongwith the weight of the conductor.
The equivalent weight of the conductor and spacers is given by:
m'sc = m's + (nc.mc)/(n.lc) ….. As per IEC - 865-1

where
m's = weight of the sub conductor
nc = no. of spacers
mc = weight of the spacer
n = no. of sub conductor
lc = chord length of the conductor ( total span less the girder width and length of the insulator string)

c) Equivalent weight of the conductor in the loaded condition:

equivalent weight of conductor under full wind condition is given by

√
w1 = [(m'sc)2 + (Ww)2]

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d) Maximum sag(D4)
Refer Fig 1

a1= T/w1 for conductor catenary

a2= T/Wi for insulator catenary

where
T: tension in kg/conductor
w1 : equivalent conductor weight

W1 = no of string x string weight

string length

X = (XP2-lg/2-RS) X 1.0005(assumed) , where XP2 is point of maximum sag from taller tower as mentioned below.

X1 = a2 X
a1

SP = a2 sinh X1
a2

RSP = RS + SP

X2 = a2 sinh-1RSP
a2

X3 = X2 - X1

X(act) = XP2-lg/2-X3

D1 = a2( coshX1 - 1)
a2

D2 = a2( coshX2 - 1)
a2

D3 = a1( coshX(act) - 1)
a1
Sag D4 = D3 + D2 - D1

e) Point of Maximum sag from the Support towers

XP1 =1L- Th + lg
2 wL 2

XP2 =1 L + Th + lg
2 wL 2
where, w = Conductor weight per unit length.
XP2 is towards taller tower and XP1 is towards shorter tower.

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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Circuit :230kV Twin ACSR Bersimis (35 m span)
Voltage Level 230 kV
Initial tension 1000 kg/cond
c/c of tower 35 m
Girder width(lg) 1.5 m
c/c tower - lg(L) 33.5 m
Tower Height1(Taller) 11.7 m
Tower Height2 11.7 m
Tower height difference(h) 0 m
Wind pressure on conductor(Pw)
(Ref. Annexure-I) 197 kg/m2
Wind pressure on Insulator(Pwi)
(Ref. Annexure-I) 237 kg/m2
No. of conductors(n) 2
Conductor weight(ms') 2.187 Kg/m
Spacer span 2.5 m
No. of spacers(nc) 11
Spacer weight (mc) 1.7 kg
Equivalent conductor weight(m'sc) 2.508 kg/m
Conductor Diameter(Aw) 3.18E-02 m
Conductor Area (Ac) 6.90E-04 sq.m
Exponential Coefficient(a) 1.93E-05 degC
Elasticity Modulus(E) 6.32E+09 kg/sq.m
No of strings 2.00
Diameter of string insulator(Awi) 0.28 m
Total string weight 284.00 kg
String weight/conductor(Wwi) 284.00 kg
String Length(RS) 2.18 m
Conductor chord length(lc) 29.15 m

No. of insulator per string 15.00

Wt of one disc insulator 8.00 kg
Wt of stringing hardware 44.00 kg

a) Load calculation for conductor

Wind Load Ww = Aw x Pw
= 0.03177*197
= 6.26E+00 Kg/m

m'sc = m's +( nc.mc)/(n.Ic)

= 2.187+(11*1.7)/(2*29.15)
= 2.507754717 kg/m

Eq.Wt. of conductor under still wind condition = 2.507754717 kg/m

Eq.Wt of conductor under full wind condition = √(m' ) + (W )

sc
2
w
2

= 6.7424056713 kg/m

b) Load calculation for string insulator

wind load = Ww = Awi x Pwi x 0.5 x RS

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= 0.28 x 237 x 0.5 x 2.175

= 7.22E+01 kg

wi = (string weight/cond)2+(Ww)2

= 293.03 kg
c) As per IS- 802 page-10 Clause No.-11.3.2.1, the mechanical tension of conductor/ groundwire is the tension corresponding to 100
percent design wind pressure at every day temperature or 36 percent design wind pressure at minimum temperature after
accounting for drag coefficient and gust response factor.

We have considered the initial tension1000 at the everyday day temperature ie. 32 deg C at the full wind load.
Calculation of tension at q2 Deg C(35 Deg.C) and full wind condition - T2

f1 = Initial tension at 32 deg C and full wind condition (T1)

Area (Ac)

= 1000
0.000690

= 1449275.36

Half span length of conductor (l) = (half span - insulator length) x 1.0005

= 14.5822875

Substituting the value of W2 for full wind condition and other values G is calculated

G= w22l2E = (6.74240567131948)2(14.5822875)2(6320000000)
6 Ac 2
6 x (0.00069)2

= 2.138694328E+19

Substituting the value of w1 = 6.7424056713 for full wind condition q2=35 deg c, q1=32 deg c

F= f1 - w12l2E -(q2-q1)Ea
6Ac2f12
we get
F= -9.10E+06

The stress f2 at 35 deg C could be found out by sloving the following cubic equation
by substituting values of F and G

f23-Ff22-G=0 0.00E+00

we get f2 = 1425521.18

Hence the tension T2 under full wind condition at 35 deg C = f 2 x Ac

= 983.61 Kgs

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The tension(T2) values are calculated for full wind conditions from 35 deg C to 80 deg.C in steps of 5 deg.C
in the similar procedure.
Using the above set of equations and w2 = 2.508 kg/m for still wind condition, the conductor
tension for still wind condition is calculated by the following way.

f1 = 1449275.36
w1 = 6.742405671
w2 = 2.508
θ2 = 0 deg C
θ1 = 0 deg C
G = 2.95862E+18
F = -8.73E+06
By solving the equation, f230-Ff22-G=0 f2 = 564117.09
Hnece, the tension at 32 deg C at still wind condition, T1 = f2xAc = 389.24079
The tension under still wind condition for various temperatures from 35 deg C to 80 deg C are calculated in 5 deg C step
in the similar procedure as in the case of full wind condition taking T1=389.24 Kg
Caculation of tension at minimum temperature and 36% wind load

c) Calculation of tension at minimum temperature (0 Deg.C) and 36% wind condition - T1

f2 = Initial tension at 32 deg C and full wind condition (T2)

Area (Ac)

= 1000
0.000690

= 1449275.36

Half span length of conductor (l) = (half span - insulator length) x 1.0005

= 14.5822875

Substituting the value of W2 for full wind condition and other values G is calculated

G= w22l2E = (6.74240567131948)2(14.5822875)2(6320000000)
6 Ac2 6 x (0.00069)2

= 2.13869E+19
Now
f − Ff − G=0
23 22

So,

f −G
23 = -8.73E+06
F=
f
22
2
And W 2l E
1
F=f 1 − −(θ 2−θ 1 )Eα (Eqn.1 )
6A 2f
c 12
W1 = 0.36 X w2 = 2.43

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2
W l E = 7.92E+12
12

6AC2 = 2.86E-06

q1 = 0.00 °C
q2 = 32.00 °C
( θ2 −θ 1 ) Eα = 3.90E+06

Substituting above values into Eqn.1,

We get

-8733048.33 = f1- (7917774906534.38) / (0.0000028566) x f1²- 3903232

By goal seek method

Value of f1 = 7.08E+05 kg/m2

Therefore , Tension at 0 deg C = f 1xAc

T1 = 488.18 kg

Similar procedure is followed to calculate the tension at 0 deg C for still wind condition.

d) Sag under full wind conditions - Initial temperature 32 deg C

with reference to fig 1 and equations given under section 4.3

a1 = T1 = 1000 = 148.31502
w1 6.7424056713

a2 = T1 = 1000 = 7.4225596
(wi/RS) 293.025602503007/2.175

Sag point, XP2 = L/2+(T1h/wL)+lg/2

= L/2+(T1h/(w2L)+lg/2 = 17.5

X(ass) =(XP2-lg/2-RS) x 1.0005

= 14.5822875

X1f = (a2/a1) X

= 0.7297838182

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SPf = a2sinhX1f
a2
= 0.7309601612

RSPf = SPf+RS = 2.9059602

X2f = a2sinh-1RSPF
a2

= 2.8364218379

X3f = X2f - X1f

= 2.1066380197

X(act)f = XP2 -lg/2- X3f

= 14.6433619803

D1f = a2(cosh X1f -1)

a2
= 3.59E-02

D2f = a2(cosh X2f -1)

a2
= 5.49E-01

D3f = a1(cosh X(act)f -1)

a1

= 7.23E-01

Hence sag at full wind condition at 32 0 C

D4f = D3f + D2f - D1f

= 1.24E+00
N.B.: The sag point is measured from the taller tower.

Similarly sags are calculated at different temperatures and different wind conditions.

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SAG TENSION CALCULATION

Circuit :230kV Twin ACSR Bersimis (35 m span)

Initial tension 1000 kg/cond No of spacers(nc) 11

c/c of tower 35 m spacer weight(mc) 1.7 kg
Girder width (lg) 1.5 m Eq Cond weight 2.508 kg/m
Span (c/c tower-lg) 33.5 m Cond dia 3.18E-02 m
Taller Tower height(h1) : 11.7 m Cond area 6.90E-04 sq m
Shorter Tower height(h2) 11.7 m Exp. Coefficient 1.93E-05 / deg c
Tower height difference 0 Elas Modulus 6.32E+09 kg/sqm
Wind pr. on cond 197 Kg/sqm No of strings 2
Wind pr on insulator: 237 Kg/sqm Dia of string insul 0.28 m
No of conductors: 2 Total string weight 284 kg
Cond weight 2.187 Kg/m String weight/cond. 142 kg
Spacer span 2.5 m String length(RS) 2.175 m
No. of insulator per string 15 Cond chord len (lc) 29.15 m
Wt of one disc insulator 8 kg
Wt of stringing hardware 44 kg

FULL WIND CONDITION STILL WIND CONDITION

Sag point Sag
Temperature Tension Tension Sag point Sag
( in (in
(deg C) (kg) (kg) (in meters ) (in meters)
meters) meters)
0 488.18 17.50 0.996 503.36 17.50 0.984
32 1000.00 17.50 1.101 389.24 17.50 1.264
35 983.61 17.50 1.119 382.01 17.50 1.288
40 957.90 17.50 1.149 370.78 17.50 1.325
45 933.99 17.50 1.178 360.46 17.50 1.362
50 911.71 17.50 1.207 350.94 17.50 1.398
55 890.87 17.50 1.235 342.12 17.50 1.433
60 871.34 17.50 1.262 333.93 17.50 1.466
65 852.99 17.50 1.289 326.28 17.50 1.499
70 835.71 17.50 1.316 319.13 17.50 1.532
75 819.40 17.50 1.342 312.43 17.50 1.563
80 803.97 17.50 1.367 306.12 17.50 1.594

** Sag point and sag are w.r.t. the taller tower.

** Under the full wind condition, tension at the minimum temperature (0 deg C) is based upon the 36% wind pressure.

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Annexure I
WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION FOR STRINGING CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

The wind pressures on Switchyard tower structures, stringing conductors and insulators are calculated
based on IS :802 (Part 1,sec 1) - 1995

Basic wind speed (as per of IS : 802 part -1,sec1) Vb = 55 m/Sec

Maximum Level of stringing bus above plinth level for 230kV = 11.7 m

Maximum Level of stringing bus above plinth level for 400kV = 15 m

Max wind pressure on various components are as follows

Level above plinth level (m)

11.7 15

i.Wind pressure on flexible phase conductors (inKg/m2 ) = 197 205

-on projected area (dia x length)

iii.Wind pressure on insulators,post insulators,

equipment insulators etc. (inKg/m2 ) = 237 244
-on projected area (0.5 x dia x length)

Detailed calculations for the above are as follows:

Basic wind speed (as per of IS : 802 part -1,sec1) Vb = 55 m/Sec

design wind speed : (as per cl. 8.3 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 1) Vd = Vr x k1 x k2

Vr= Reference wind speed = Vb / ko ; ko = 1.375 Vr = 55 / 1.375 = 40

k1 = risk coefficient = 1
(As per technical spec. Clause No.-2.4.1.2)

k2=Terrain roughness coefficient = 1.08

(As per technical spec. Clause No.-2.4.1.2)

so design speed Vd = 43.2

Design Wind Pressure: (as per cl. 8.4 of IS :802 P1 S1) Pd = 0.6 x Vd2

= 1119.74 N/m2

= 114.14 Kg/m2

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i) wind pressure calculation for components at level of 11.7m

Wind pressure on various components : on the EXPOSED AREA

(exposed area means effective frontol area Ae as indicated in cl. 9 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 2 )

the wind force on that particular component shall be obtained by multiplying the frontol

Area Ae of that component with the respective wind pressure value as below:

a. Wind pressure on flexible phase conductors : Moose ACSR

(as per cl. 9.2 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 1) Fwc = Pd x Cdc x Gc x (L x d)

Diameter of conductor d = 0.031770

Drag coefficient Cdc = 1 (For ph. Conductor)

Gust response factor Gc = 1.73

( from Table -7 IS 802 part 1 sec. 1 for ruling span upto 200m)

Hence wind pressure on the exposed area (L xd) = 114.14 x 1 x 1.73

= 197 Kg/m2

b. wind pressure on stringing insulator :

(as per cl. 9.2 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 12) Fwi = Pd x Cdi x Gi x (L x d)

Diameter of insulator d = 0.28

Drag coefficient Cdi = 1.2 (For earth wire)

Gust response factor Gi = 1.73

( from Table -6 IS 802 part 1 sec. 1 for ruling span upto 200m)

Hence wind pressure on the exposed area (L xd) = 114.14 x 1.2 x 1.73
( considering exposed area = 50 % proj. area) = 237 Kg/m2

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ii) wind pressure calculation for components at level of 15m

Wind pressure on various components : on the EXPOSED AREA

(exposed area means effective frontol area Ae as indicated in cl. 9 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 2 )

the wind force on that particular component shall be obtained by multiplying the frontol

Area Ae of that component with the respective wind pressure value as below:

a. Wind pressure on flexible phase conductors : Moose ACSR

(as per cl. 9.2 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 1) Fwc = Pd x Cdc x Gc x (L x d)

Diameter of conductor d = 3.18E-02

Drag coefficient Cdc = 1 (For ph. Conductor)

Gust response factor Gc = 1.8

( from Table -7 IS 802 part 1 sec. 1 for ruling span upto 200m)

Hence wind pressure on the exposed area (L xd) = 114.14 x 1 x 1.8

= 205 Kg/m2
c. wind pressure on stringing insulator :
(as per cl. 9.2 of IS : 802 part -1,sec 12) Fwi = Pd x Cdi x Gi x (L x d)

Drag coefficient Cdi = 1.2

Gust response factor Gi = 1.78

( from Table -6 IS 802 part 1 sec. 1 for ruling span upto 200m)

Hence wind pressure on the exposed area (L xd) = 114.14 x 1.2 x 1.78
( considering exposed area = 50 % proj. area) = 244 Kg/m2

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