This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D1084 − 16

Standard Test Methods for

Viscosity of Adhesives1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 2.2 ISO Document:3

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the ISO 2555 Plastics — Resins in the Liquid State or as
viscosity of free-flowing adhesives. Emulsions or Dispersions — Determination of Apparent
1.1.1 The limitation of this test method to self-leveling Viscosity by the Brookfield Test Method
adhesives eliminates thixotropic and plastic materials whose
viscosity is a function of the rate of stirring and previous 3. Terminology
history of the adhesive. 3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.1 Many terms in these test methods are defined in
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. Terminology D907.
3.1.2 viscosity, n—of a liquid, the resistance to flow ex-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the pressed as the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting rate of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the shearing strain (see Newtonian behavior and thixotropy).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- (Compare consistency.)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The
2. Referenced Documents viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
liquid in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the Pascal
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
(poise), which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centi-
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
metre. For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all
D115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-
shear rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary
nishes Used for Electrical Insulation
depending on shear rate.
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-
4. Significance and Use
eter
D907 Terminology of Adhesives 4.1 Several test methods are noted for viscosity determina-
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup tion of Newtonian and near Newtonian flow characteristics.
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by (For adhesives not fitting into this category, Test Method
Bubble Time Method D2556 should be considered.) Four test methods are covered as
D1601 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethyl- follows:
ene Polymers 4.1.1 Method A is applicable only to adhesives that will
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives deliver 50 mL in a steady uninterrupted stream from one of the
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro- cups described in Section 5.
tational Viscometry 4.1.2 Method B is intended for measuring the viscosity of
adhesives covering a range from 0.05 Pa · s to 200 Pa · s
(50 to 200 000 cP) and is limited to materials that have or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on approach Newtonian flow characteristics.
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working 4.1.3 Method C is intended primarily as a control method
Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally for determining the viscosity of adhesives that have or ap-
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1084 – 08. DOI: proach Newtonian flow characteristics.
10.1520/D1084-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

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 D1084 − 16

All dimensions are in mm

FIG. 1 Consistency Cups and Apparatus Assembly

(Test Method A)

4.1.4 Method D is intended primarily as a control method cylinder in position. With the outlet of the cup closed by means
for determining the viscosity of materials that have an equiva- of the finger, pour the sample into the cup until it is filled to
lent viscosity no greater than approximately 3000 mPa · s (cP) overflowing. Strike off the excess with a straightedge, and then
and is limited to materials that have or approach Newtonian remove the finger from over the outlet and allow the sample to
flow characteristics. flow into the receiving cylinder. Determine the number of
seconds from the time the finger is removed from the orifice
TEST METHOD A
until the top of the meniscus reaches to 50-mL mark on the
5. Apparatus cylinder by a stop watch and record as the viscosity of the
5.1 The apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of a set of four viscosity material.
cups so designed as to deliver 50 mL of the sample in from 30
to 100 s at a temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 0.9°F). 7. Report
5.1.1 Four consistency cups constitute a set as follows: 7.1 Report the following:
Diameter of Orifice, in.
First Cup 0.07 ± 0.0001
7.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-
Second cup 0.10 ± 0.0001 ing type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, date of
Third cup 0.15 ± 0.0001 test, date of manufacture, etc.,
Fourth cup 0.25 ± 0.0001
7.1.2 Conditioning procedure used for samples prior to
5.1.2 Cups made of brass or bronze. Orifice disks made of
testing,
18 % Chromium, 8 % Nickel stainless steel. The diameter of
the Orifice pressed in the cup shall be stamped on the cup. 7.1.3 Number of tests made, and
5.1.3 Fractional dimensions subject to permissible varia- 7.1.4 Average consistency in seconds and the number of the
tions of 60.01 in., unless otherwise specified. viscosity cup used.
6. Procedure
TEST METHOD B
6.1 Bring the sample to be tested and the viscosity cup to a
temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 0.9°F) (preferably in a
constant-temperature room). Then mount the consistency cup 8. Procedure
in the clamp provided for the purpose and place the receiving 8.1 Refer to ISO 2555 for this test method.

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 D1084 − 16
TEST METHOD C TEST METHOD D
9. Apparatus 12. Apparatus
9.1 Viscometer—A Stormer viscosimeter with double flag 12.1 The apparatus (Fig. 2) consists of a set of five Zahn
paddle-type rotor as specified in Test Method D562, or an viscosity cups so designed as to allow a sample to flow through
equivalent apparatus, in good repair and a spindle that spins the calibrated orifice in approximately 1 min or less, best
freely when started without the paddle. results being obtained when the flow time is between 20 and
9.2 Containers—Round friction-top metal cans having a 40 s.
capacity of 1 qt (0.9 L). Nonstandard containers may be used 12.1.1 Five viscosity cups constitute a set as follows:
by mutual agreement, when necessary to prevent corrosion or Diameter of Orifices
other deleterious effects of metal cans. mm + 0.0076 in. + 0.0003
–0.0051 – 0.0002
9.3 Thermometer—A precision thermometer with gradua- First cup 2.002 0.0788
Second cup 2.748 0.1082
tions not greater than 0.2°C (0.36°F) divisions. Third cup 3.777 0.1487
9.4 Timer—A stop watch or suitable timer measuring to Fourth cup 4.277 0.1684
Fifth cup 5.263 0.2072
0.2 s.
12.1.2 Cups shall be made of stainless steel, 0.050 in.
10. Procedure (1.27 mm) thick. The number of the cup shall be stamped on a
10.1 Conditioning—Bring the containers holding the plate on the cup.
samples to be tested and the paddle to be used to a temperature 12.2 The following figures are given only for the purpose of
of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4°F) (preferably in a constant-temperature selecting the proper viscometer. They are not intended for use
room), and maintain the sample uniformly at this standard in converting centipoises to Zahn seconds.
temperature throughout the test. Protect adhesives containing Orifice Size, mm (in.) Range mPa · s (cP) Range, Zahn’s
volatile solvents from evaporation during conditioning. If 2.002 (0.0788) 20 to 85 40 to 85
special conditioning methods are necessary, such as the use of 2.748 (0.1082) 30 to 170 20 to 70
3.777 (0.1487) 120 to 550 25 to 60
a circulating water bath. Report this in 11.1.2. 4.277 (0.1684) 200 to 900 20 to 65
5.263 (0.2972) 250 to 1200 15 to 60
10.2 Adjustment—Prepare the instrument for use by raising
(and above)
the weight to the top by winding up the cord with the ratchet
provided for that purpose. Set the revolution counter at 10 13. Procedure
revolutions below the zero mark. Use a falling weight of such
magnitude that a minimum time of 20 s is required for 100 13.1 Conditioning—Bring the sample of the adhesive and
revolutions of the paddle when the test is conducted as the cup to a temperature of 23 6 0.5°C (73.4 6 0.9°F),
specified in 10.2. Choose the weight from the series 50, 100, preferably in a constant-temperature room, and maintain the
200, 500, and 1000 g. Fasten the paddle securely on the shaft, sample uniformly at this standard temperature throughout the
place the container on the platform, and raise until the surface test. Other temperatures of test are optional. Protect adhesives
of the adhesive just reaches the mark on the stem of the paddle. containing volatile solvents from evaporation during condi-
This ensures uniform depth of immersion of the paddle. tioning. If special conditioning methods are necessary, such as
the use of a circulating water bath, they shall be specified in
10.3 Determination—Release the brake on the large cog 14.1.2.
wheel, and start the timing device when the needle on the
revolution counter passes the zero mark. Note the time for 100 13.2 Determination—Hold the viscometer in a vertical po-
revolutions accurately to the closest 0.2 s. Make a minimum of sition (by means of a small ring at the end of the handle) and
three determinations. completely immerse the cup into the sample being tested. Lift
the viscometer out of the sample (Note 1). Determine by means
11. Report of a stop watch the number of seconds from the time the top
11.1 Report the following: edge of the viscometer cup breaks the surface until the steady
11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in- flow from the orifice first breaks, and record this time as the
cluding type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, date consistency of the material. Record the temperature of the
of test, date of manufacture, etc., sample and the number of the cup.
11.1.2 Conditioning procedure employed, including time NOTE 1—Time of removal must be rapid. Unless build-up of adhesive
elapsed between various operations used in the preparation of on the side of the cup occurs, the time of removal should be about 1 s.
the adhesive mix,
11.1.3 Details of nonstandard containers, if used, 14. Report
11.1.4 Temperature of the sample at the conclusion of the 14.1 Report the following:
test, 14.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-
11.1.5 Weight used, cluding type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, date
11.1.6 Number of tests made, and of test, date of manufacture, etc.,
11.1.7 Average viscosity in seconds for 100 revolutions, 14.1.2 Conditioning procedure employed for samples prior
together with the range of the observations. to testing,

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 D1084 − 16

All dimensions are in mm

FIG. 2 Viscosity Cups (Test Method D)

14.1.3 Number of tests made, and 16. Keywords

14.1.4 Average viscosity in seconds and the number of the 16.1 adhesive; viscosity
viscosity cup used.
PRECISION AND BIAS
15. Precision and Bias
15.1 At the present time there is no basis for a statement of
precision and bias concerning the reproducibility of results
among laboratories.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. REFERENCE VISCOSITY METHODS

X1.1 Reference viscosity methods giving equipment used

are shown on the following table:

Test Method for Refers to Equipment Used

Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method D1545 Gardner-Holdt tubes
Saybolt Viscosity D88 Saybolt viscometer
Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers D1601 Modified Ubbelohde viscometer
Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers by Ford Viscosity Cup D1200 Ford cup
Varnishes Used for Electrical Insulation D115 MacMichael viscosimeter

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 D1084 − 16
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