TEACHER ROBERTO

The PARTS OF SPEECH*

*It refers to the way a word is used in expressing the language. These are nouns, articles, verbs, pronouns,
adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and interjection.

NOUN (n.)
 Refers to the words that name a person, place, thing and event.
 Examples are Jeffrey (person), Korea (place), pen (thing), New Year (event)

ARTICLES (art.)
 Refer to the words that are considered to modify nouns aside form adjectives.
 These are always put before the noun they modify.
 May either be definite or indefinite
 The definite article is THE while the indefinite articles are A and AN.
 Examples are the apple, a boy, an umbrella

VERB (vb.)
 Refers to the words that express action or the state of being of the subject.
 Examples are walk, is, seem, realize, run, see, swim

PRONOUN (pron.)
 Refers to the words that substitute a noun.
 Examples are I, me, we, you, he, she, yours, himself

ADJECTIVE (adj.)
 Refers to the words that describe a noun or pronoun.
 Examples are beautiful, seven, cute, second, tall, blue

ADVERB (adv.)
 Refers to the words that describe a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
 Examples are neatly, in the market, every day, tomorrow, very

CONJUNCTION (conj.)
 Refers to the words that connect words, phrases or clauses.
 Examples are and, however, either or, neither nor, still, but

PREPOSITION (prep.)
 Refers to the words that convey a meaning of position, direction, time and other abstraction.
 It relates its object in other sentence element.
 Examples are in, on, at, about, apropos, according to, after, along

INTERJECTION (interj.)
 Refers to the words or expressions which are commonly uttered suddenly.
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 These are expressed with intense emotion or feeling.
 Examples are: Alas!; Hurrah!; Oh my God!;

A sample sentence:

*OH MY GOD, THE FOX AND HER YOUNG JUMP SWIFTLY OVER THE LAZY
interj. art. n. conj. pron. vb. adv. prep. adj.
DOG.

*Note how the different parts of speech are used in the sentence.

GUIDE QUESTIONS IN IDENTFYING THE PART OS SPEECH

BEING USED IN A SENTENCE

Part of Speech Guide Question Example

Noun Does the word name a place, person, That guy is Shine.
thing or event?

Pronoun Does the word stand for a noun? She is Maria.

Verb Does the word tell what someone or We played basketball.

something did?

Does the word link one word with Carrie looks very sad.
another word that identifies or describes
it?

Does the word merely show that My friend is here.

something exists?

Adjective Does the word tell what kind, Those three apples are an
which one, how many, or how much? unusual color.

Adverb Does the word tell when, where, I am going to the mall
in what manner, or to what extent? tomorrow very fast.

Preposition Is the word part of a phrase The ingredients for the

that includes a noun or pronoun? menu are written on that
book.

Conjunction Does the word connect other Both you and I will go
words in a sentence or between because they need more
sentences? people; besides, it will be
fun.

Interjection Does the word express feeling or Hey, give me that!

emotion and function independently of

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the sentence?
GRAMMAR & COMPOSITION, Fourth Edition

Name: _______________________________________ Date: ______________________

Exercise 1. Identify the part of speech being underlined in each item. Put your answer on the space provided.

1. I like chocolates. _____________________

2. Shine has five mangoes. _____________________
3. My goodness, what are you doing there? _____________________
4. He is my best friend. _____________________
5. My birthday is on the sixth of March. _____________________
6. I walk ever day. _____________________
7. The dog jumped swiftly over the lazy cat. _____________________
8. The Queen is looking for you. _____________________
9. I want a banana. _____________________
10. She is so stupid. _____________________
11. My friend is named Steven. _____________________
12. Your sister is very beautiful. _____________________
13. She is going to Korea. _____________________
14. She is going to Korea. _____________________
15. Alas, we didn’t win. _____________________

Exercise 2. Encircle the term that does not belong to the group.

1. boy – bird – you – strawberry

2. ugly – seed – kind – funny
3. Alas! – My goodness! – Stupid – Oh my Gosh!
4. walk – stroll – crawl – a
5. in – or – for – as
6. and – but – above – nor
7. she – I – B – us
8. Monday – every day – Tomorrow – later
9. four – three – two – once
10. whatever – whenever – wherever - forever

SENTENCE
 It refers to the group of words with thought.
 It is composed of a complete subject and a complete predicate

The SUBJECT
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 It refers to the topic being discussed in the sentence.
 It may either be a noun or a pronoun which may be modified by an article or an adjective.

Example:
Noun:
Jeffrey, people, dog, animal, toy, thing, Christmas, event
Pronoun:
I, he, she, you, we

The PREDICATE
 It tells something about the subject.
 It is usually introduced by verbs and then followed by adjectives, adverbs and other nouns or pronouns which
serve as the object.

Example:
Verb:
eat, walk, run, talk, teach
Adjective:
good, beautiful, kind, sweet
Adverb:
today, gracefully, in the market, every day
Nouns and Pronouns which serve as the object:
you, him her, me, boy, person, Korea

Example:
The fox eats the delicious food in the basket .*

*The word in bold letters is the subject while the group of words that are italicized is the predicate.
Noun: fox (with the article the modifying it)
Verb: eats
Adjective: delicious
Noun as object: food
Adverb: in the basket

Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Exercise 3.Identify whether the underlined word/s is/are part of the subject or the predicate. Put your answer
on the space provided.

1. He is my best tutor. _____________________

2. My mother is now cooking for my party. _____________________
3. Five guests are invited for the spectacular event. _____________________
4. You are very generous. _____________________
5. Five metres is long enough. _____________________
6. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. _____________________
7. I remember so well the day that you came in my life. _____________________
8. You asked for my name. _____________________
9. You have the most beautiful smile. _____________________
10. Ten thick books were the gift of my uncle for me. _____________________
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Exercise 4. Arrange the following words to form a meaningful sentence. Put your answer on the space
provided.

1. beautiful, is, very, she

_______________________________________________________________.
2. likes, child, sweet, the, candies
_______________________________________________________________.
3. will go, my, to Seoul, family, next year
_______________________________________________________________.
4. name, Jeffrey, is, his
_______________________________________________________________.
5. he, smiled, at, me
_______________________________________________________________.

The SENTENCE PATTERN*

*It refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence.

Key Terms
 Subject (S) – the topic being discussed in a sentence
 Transitive Verb (TV) – verb that requires a direct object
 Intransitive Verb (IV) – verb that does not require a direct object
 Direct Object (DO) – noun or pronoun where the action of the verb is directed.
 Indirect Object (IO) – a noun or pronoun receiving the direct object.
 Linking Verb (LV) – verb that links the subject and its complement
 Subjective Complement (SC) – an adjective or noun that describes the subject
 Objective Complement (OC) – an adjective or noun that describes the direct object

Pattern 1. S – TV – DO.
S TV DO
Example: The teacher teaches English.

Pattern 2. S – TV - DO – IO
S TV DO IO
Example: Brandon gave this book to Daniel.

Pattern 3. S – TV – IO – DO
S TV IO DO

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Example: The customer paid me this bill.

Pattern 4. S – IV
S IV
Example: Steven went to the market.

Pattern 5. S – LV – SC
S LV SC
Example: The building is very tall.

Pattern 6. S – TV – DO – OC
S TV DO OC
Example: Koreans call their mother umma.

Name: _____________________________________ Date: ______________________

Exercise 5. Identify the sentence pattern. Put your answer on the space provided.

1. Dogs and cats are mortal enemies. ______________________

2. I put the cake on the table. ______________________
3. She hands me the copy of your song. ______________________
4. I love you. ______________________
5. She is the most beautiful girl here. ______________________
6. The doctor went to his clinic this afternoon. ______________________
7. She wipes the floor diligently. ______________________
8. They consider it nothing. ______________________
9. Get a glass of milk. ______________________
10. She covered the basket with a cloth. ______________________

Exercise 6. Underline the word/s that is/are being asked in each item.

1. The dog gave me a bone. (IO)

2. I like to eat strawberries. (DO)
3. Sweep the floor. (DO)
4. My friends call me Jeff. (S)
5. She is indeed very kind. (LV)
6. They ran away towards the marketplace. (IV)
7. He hit me using a stick. (TV)
8. They elected Madonna president. (OC)
9. Shine is the handsomest among the Koreans. (SC)
10. I feel wan. (LV)

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