Navjyot / Vol.

I / Issue – I / 2012 ISSN 2277-8063

_amR>r J«m_rU H${dVm

S>m°. g§Vmof MìhmU
{d^mJ à_wI _amR>r
emgH$s` {dX^© kmZ {dkmZ g§ñWm, A_amdVr.

gmam§e: ZìdXmoÎmar _amR>r H${dVm AmË_emoY KoV àH$Q> hmoV Amho. J«m_rU OrdZmV OmJ{VH$sH$aUm§_wio Á`m {d{dY KS>m_moS>r
Pmë`m Ë`mMo àË`§Va ZìdXmoÎmar J«m_rU H${dVoV AmT>iVo. hr H${dVm {b{hUmam H$dr eharH$aUm§À`m à{H«$`oV Xw^§JbonU
AZw^dUmam AgwZhr Amnë`m _mVrer ZmVo {Q>H$dyZ Amho. VgoM OmJ{VH$sH$aUm§nwT>o eoVH$ar AJ{VH$ hmoV Ë`mMr g§^«_AdñWm,
XwîH$mi, {Zamem, H$moaS>dmhþ eoVrMr dmT>Vr XwamdñWm, emgH$s` YmoaUo Am{U Ë`m§Mr A§_b~OmdUr, Amnë`m _mVrnmgyZ
VwQ>boë`mnUmMr ^mdZm àIaVoZo àH$Q> hmoV Amho. Ame`mMo ñVa^oX CbJS>V A{Ve` g§`VnUo OJboë`m, ^moJboë`m IoS>çmVrb
Om{Udm Amnë`m ~mobr^mfoV Vmo A{^ì`º$ H$aV Amho. ho ZìdXmoÎmar J«m_rU H${dVoMo {deof Amho. AmVm Vr Xw:Im§Mm ~mOma _m§S>V
Zmhr Va n[adV©Zerb g_mOmbm {dMmaboë`m àíZm§Mr CÎmao _mJVo Amho. `m H$mimVrb H$mhr _hÎdmMo H$dr Amgmam_ bmo_Q>,o
AemoH$ H$m¡VrH$ H$moir, {dO` H$moVdmb, g§Vmof ndma, Ho$ed Xoe_wI, bú_U _hmS>rH$, a_oe {M„o, àH$me {H$ZJm§dH$a, O`am_
IoS>oH$a Aem BVahr H$qdÀ`m H${dVo_YyZ ZìdXmoÎmar ~XbË`m AmYw{ZH$nU Amnë`m na§nam§er ZmVo gm§JUmè`m J«m_OrdZm§À`m
_ZmMo H§$Jmoao CbJS>Vo AmhoV. VgoM emofH$ ì`dñWobm J^uV Bemamhr XoVo Amho.
'VwM Vwbm ZH$mo H$m|S>y
gwÞ nS>Š`m KamV
naOyZ R>od VwPo
bmI {h_VrMo hmV...' (Zm_Xod eoVH$ar n¥.51)

àñVmdZm :- :-
J«m_rU gm{hË` Midi 1970 Vo 75 À`m H$mimV AmH$mambm Ambr Agbr Var J«m_rU nmíd©^y_r Agbobo
gm{hË` AJmoXa {Z_m©U Pmbobo Amho. H$Wm-H${dVm-H$mX§~ar BË`mXr dmL>²_` àH$mam_YyZ VËH$mbrZ IoS>o, IoS>çmVrb
àíZ, XwîH$mi, {ZgJ© `mMo {MÌU H$aUmè`m H$mX§~è`m '~ir~m nmQ>rb' (1988), '{namOr nmQ>rb' (1903), 'H$mi
Va _moR>m H$R>rU Ambm' hr H$Wm {b{hbr Jobr Amho. VgoM `m gm{hË`m_Ü`o J«m_g§ñH¥$Vr, eoVr, eoVr{df`H$ gmYZo,
àm{Ug¥ï>r g^modVmbMm {ZgJ©, àU`àYmZ OrdZ BË`mXrMr _amR>r gm{hË`mbm AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUmao H¥$îUamd ^mboamd,
YZwY© m©ar (am. {d. {Q>Ho$H$a), a. dm. {XKo, J. b. R>moH$i B. boIH$m§Zr _hmË_m \w$bo, _hmË_m Jm§Yr `m§À`m {dMma àoaUoVyZ
Oo gm{hË` {b{hbo Ë`m_YyZM Z§VaÀ`m {nT>rVrb J«m_rU boIH$m§gmR>r nm`dmQ> {Z_m©U H$ê$Z {Xbr.
J«m_g§ñH¥$Vr d J«m_rU gm{hË`mMo ñdê$n {deX H$aVm§Zm, S>m°. AmZ§X `mXdm§Zr åhQ>bo Amho H$s, ''J«m_rU
{d^mJmer g§~§{YV Ago OrdZmZw^d J«m_rU gm{hË`mVyZ ì`º$ hmoVmV. J«m_ åhUOo IoS>oJm§d, VoWrb OrdZnÜXVr,
VoWrb g_mO, Ë`m g_mOmMr H¥${fàYmZ g§ñH¥$Vr, VoWrb {d{eï> {ZgJm©er, _mVrer Ë`m§Mm Agbobm d¡{eï>nyU© g§~§Y,
Ë`m g§ñH¥$Vrbm bm^bobr BVa d¡{dÜ`nyU©, VoWrb _mZdr OrdZmbm Ë`m àXoemZygma bm^bobr Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$,
Ym{_©H$, kmZmË_H$, Am¡Úmo{JH$ d¡{eï>o Am{U Ë`m§À`mer g§~§{YV àíZ Am{U g_ñ`m VgoM H$mbm¡KmV hmoV OmUmè`m
1
pñWË`§Vam§Mo VoWrb OrdZ, g§ñH¥$Vrda hmoUmao g§ñH$ma `m§Mm Am{dîH$ma J«m_rU gm{hË`mV hmoV AgVmo.'' 1920 Vo
1945 `m H$mbI§S>mV {b{hë`m Joboë`m gm{hË`mÀ`m àoaUm d ñdê$n emoYÊ`mMo H$m`© 1945 Z§Va hmody bmJbo. `m
gm{hË`mÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr _hmË_m \w$bo, _hmË_m Jm§Yr `m§Zm àoaUmñWmZr _mZmd`mMo H$s Zmhr `m g§X^m©V CbQ>gwbQ>
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{dMma àdmh {Z_m©U Pmbobo AmT>iVmV. S>m°. AmZ§X `mXd J«m_rU gm{hË`mÀ`m àoaUm _hmË_m \w$bo `m§À`m dmL>²S>_`mV
emoYVmV Va S>m°. ZmJZmW H$moÎmmßm„o `m§Zr _hmË_m Jm§Yr `m§À`m {dMmamV J«m_rU gm{hË`mÀ`m àoaUm emoYë`m.
_amR>r J«m_rU H${dVm:-
H${dVm:- àñVwV {Z~§YmV ZìdXmoÎma J«m_rU H${dVoMm {dMma H$amd`mMm Amho. J«m_OrdZmMo H$mì`Xe©Z
KS>{dUmè`m H${dVobm 'J«m_rU H${dVm' hr g§km dmnaV AgVm§Zm H$moUË`m H${dVobm 'J«m_rU H${dVm' åhUmd`mMo. `m
g§X^m©V {dídmg OhmJraXma `m§Zr Ho$bobo {ddoMZ Ago, ''J«m_rU H${dVo_Ü`o ~mô` dmñVd ho IoS>o, {ZgJ© Am{U
nma§nm[aH$ _wë`o `mVyZ KS>bobo J«m_OrdZ Amho Am{U Ë`mV AmH$ma ê$nmbm Ambobr g§doXZ{ebVm Ë`m OrdZmVrb
AZw^dm{df`rÀ`m à{V{H«$`m XoV AgVo. Aem H${dVoÀ`m {Z{_©VrÀ`m _wimer Agbobr g§doXZ{ebVm hr J«m_rU
2
g§doXZerbVm Amho Am{U Aer H${dVm J«m_rU Amho. Ago ñWwb _mZmZo åhUVm `oB©b.'' OhmJraXmam§Zr àñVwV
{ddoMZmV J«m_OrdZmVrb g§doXZerbVm, H¥$frH|$ÐrV {ZgJ©, J«m_rU dmñVd Aem {d{dY KQ>H$mbm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odV hr
H${dVm {dH${gV hmoV Amho. 1920 Vo 2011 `m 91 dfm©_Ü`o J«m_rU H${dVm {d{dY diUo KoV AmOda {b{hë`m
Joboë`m J«m_rU H${dVomÀ`m g§X^m©V CnpñWV Ho$boë`m àíZm§Zm g_W©nUo N>oX XoV ì`º$ hmoV Amho. `m H${dVoMm àdmg
^m. am. Vm§~o, 'Jwam»`mMo JmUo', 'XwîH$mimZ§Va gwH$mi', '{Jarfm§Mr, '^bar', 'Amå~amB©', `ed§Vm§Mr, 'ào_mMr Xm¡bV',
M§ÐeoIam§Mr, 'H$m` hmo M_ËH$ma', 'CKS> JwnrV' B. H${dVm B§J«OrVrb n°ñQ>moab nmoEQ´>rMr àoaUm ñdrH$maV, OmZnX
Zm_m{^YmZ ñdrH$maV {b{hbr Jobr. J. b. R>moH$i `m§Mm OmZnX H${dVoMo à{V{ZYrH$ Xe©Z KS>{dUmam 'gwJr',
(1933) hm g§J«h àmXo{eH$ dmñVdmMo ^mZ R>odVmo. '_rR^mH$a' (1938) _Yrb H${dMm J«m_rU OrdZmZw^dmMm
dmñVdnyU© Am{dîH$ma KS>{dVo. J. h. nmQ>rb, nm. lm§. Jmoao, Ho$. ZmaIoS>o, ^. lr. n§S>rV, dm. Jmo. _m`Xod B. H$dtZr
H$mì`boIZ H$ê$Z J«m_rU H${dVm `m H$mbI§S>mV {b{hbr Agbr Var Ë`m§Mr H${dVm Amnbm doJim R>gm C_Q>dy eH$br
Zmhr. Zm. K.Xoenm§S>o, ^mbM§Ð bmodboH$a `m§Mr H${dVm _mÌ `m H$mbI§S>mVrb eoV_ù`mMo, ào_mZw^dm§Mo {MÌU H$aVo.
Añgb J«m_rU H${dVm åhUyZ '~{hUm~mB©Mr JmUr' (1952) `m H${dVoH$S>o nmhVm `oB©b. J«m_rU _Z, VoWrb OJÊ`mMo
dmñVd, lÜXm, A§YlÜXm, Xodmda hdmbm R>odÊ`mMr nÜXV, VoWrb dmVmdaUmMo Iao Xe©Z, ~{hUm~mB©À`m H${dVoZo
_amR>r dmMH$mbm KS>{dbo. BWn`ªV J«m_rU H${dVoMm àdmg nmhVm, ''n{hë`m {nT>rVë`m _amR>r J«m_rU gm{hpË`H$m§À`m
gm{hË`mV JmdmVbm _mUyg Ambm, KamVbm _mUyg Ambm nU {edmamVbm, àË`j eoVr H$aUmam eoVH$ar ¹${MVM
Ambm. Xwgè`m {nT>rVë`m J«m_rU gm{hpË`H$m§À`m gm{hË`mV JmdmVbm, KamVbm, ZmVrJmoVr OnUmam, OmonmgUmam _mUyg
Va AmbmM nU Ë`m{edm` {edmamVbm, eoVrV H$m~mS> H$ï> H$aUmam _mUyg Ambm. Ë`m§À`m gwIXw:Im§Mm _amR>r dmMH$m§Zm
n[aM` KS>bm.''3 `m Xwgè`m {nT>rVrb boIH$ AmZ§X `mXd, Zm. Ymo. _hmZmoa, nwê$fmoÎm_ nmQ>rb, {dÇ>b dmK, EH$ZmW
Xoe_wI, e§H$a ~T>o, amOm _wHw§$X BË`mXr H${dMr H${dVm Amnmnbr ñdV§Ì A{^ì`º$snÜXVr KoD$Z AmH$mambm Ambr. `m
{nT>rVrb H$dr ho àË`j eoVr ì`dgm`mda Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m KamVbo, J«m_rU OrdZ OJbobo, VoWrb
OrdZmZw^d Ë`m§À`m H${dVoV eãXê$n KoD$Z gmR>moÎmar _amR>r J«m_rU H${dVoV gmH$maVo. VgoM 1960 Z§Va J«m_OrdZmV
Or {d{dY ñdê$nmMr pñWË`§Vao gwê$ Pmbr. {ejUmMm àgma, dmT>bobr XiUdiUmMr gmYZo, J«m_rU _mUyg ehamH$S>o
ZmoH$arÀ`m, {ejUmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo AmH${f©V hmoD$ bmJbm. eoVrÀ`m gmYZmV ~Xb Pmbo. J«m_OrdZ AZw^dboë`m
Zd{ejrV boIH$m§Zr _amR>r gm{hË` dmMyZ AmnU Oo OJbmo qH$dm BVa OJVmV Vo Hw$R>ohr gm{hË`mV eãX~ÜX Pmbobo
Zmhr ho Ë`m§À`m bjmV Ambo. `mVwZM nwT>o 1960 Z§VaMo J«m_rU gm{hË` Am^mgmË_H$ {Z_m©U Z hmoVm A{YH$
dmñVdnwU© Am{dîH¥$V hmoD$ bmJbo. `m gd© KS>m_moS>rVyZ J«m_rU gm{hË` Midi AmH$mambm `oD$ bmJbr.
1970-75 À`m H$mimV J«m_rU gm{hË` Midi g_mOm{^_yI hmoD$Z J«m_OrdZmVrb àíZ àIaVoZo _m§Sy>
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bmJbr. Ë`mV am. a. ~moamS>o, ^mñH$a M§XZ{ed, dmgwXod _wbmQ>o, S>m°. ZmJZmW H$moÎmmn„o, _YwH$a dmH$moS>o, {dídmg
nmQ>rb, gXmZ§X Xoe_wI, gwYmH$a Jm`YZr, ~m~mamd _wgio, amOZ Jdg, eofamd _mo{hVo, {^_amd dmKMm¡ao, B§ÐOrV
^mboamd Am{X boIH$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m H$mimVrb J«m_rU H${dVm {dH$mgmÀ`m ZmdmImbr ^H$mg hmoV Mmbbobr
IoS>r, g_ñ`mJ«ñV H¥$fH$m§M OJU§, VgoM ~hþOZ g_mOmÀ`m àíZm§er, ^md^mdZm§er Zmi> OmoS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVo.
'Jmd \$wbV Zmhr AmVm gwdm{gH$
_ZmÀ`m XoR>mda Am{U
S>moù`mÀ`m ~H$mb Mm¡H$mV
_rhr C^m Amho AZmoiIr ñdV;bmM...'
JmdmMo JmdnZ hadV Mmbë`mMr I§V gmho~amd R>mUJo `m§À`m '_mP§ Jm§d' (doXZm-g§doXZm) H${dVo_YyZ ì`º$ hmoVo.
VgoM Vo qMVZerbVoÀ`m nmVirdê$Z eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ CXKmo{fV H$aVmV.
'Á`mZ§ _mVrVyZ Amnë`mgmR>r
amV{Xg ^mH$ar Cngë`m
Ë`mÀ`m H$miOmÀ`m ^oJm
gm§Jm H$moU§ H$moU§ Vnmgë`m'
darb H${dVm gwYmH$a Jm`YZr, 'dO« Am{U Zm§Ja' _YyZ Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm eoVr ì`dgm` VmoQ>çmMm, MwH$sMr emgH$s`
Ü`o`YmoaUo, H¥$fH$ g_mOmgmR>r {d{dY `moOZm, CËnmXZ IM© d CËnmXZ `mVrb {dg§JVr, eoVr Am{U eoV _mVrer
g§~§{YV gd© Om{Udm Vo A{^ì`º$ H$aVmV. `mVyZM ZdJ«m_rU g_mO_Z AmH$mambm `oD$ bmJbo. Zm.Jmo. MmnoH$am§Zr
~XbË`m J«m_dmñVdm~Ôb CX²>~moYH$ {dMma ì`º$ Ho$bobo AmhoV Vo Ago, ''IoS>o Jmdm§À`m èhmgmMr _w»` H$maUo XmoZ.
n{hbo ehar [admOmMr amhUr d Xwgao `m§{ÌH$s gmYZm§Mm \¡$bmd. Amåhr IoS>çmV amhÿZ Mhm, gmIa, am°Ho$b, {gJmaoQ>
d¡Joao {OÞgm Oa dmnaUma Va ehamV am{hbobo H$m` dmB©Q>? ehamV ho {OÞg ñdñV {_iVmV. aoëdo ñQ>oeZnmgyZ
{OVHo$ Jmd Xya {VVH$s VoWo `m {OÞgm§Mr _hmJmB© A{YH$ `m_wio IoS>çmV amhUo bmoH$m§Zm nadS>V Zmhrgo Pmbo Amho.
VgoM `§ÌmZo V`ma Pmbobm _mb ñdñV nS>Vmo Ë`m_wio bmoH$ ~oKa Pmbo. ~oH$mar Am{U _hmJmB© `m OmoS>KmoirZo IoS>r
4
O_rZXmoñV hmoV Amho.'' `m {ddoMZmVyZ J«m_rU _mUgmMr ehamH$S>o ~KÊ`mMr Ñï>r, IoS>çm~X²>XbMr CXmgrZVm,
XwîH$mi, Zm{nH$s `m_wio hV~b Pmbobm eoVH$ar dm `mVwZ `oUmè`m CXm{gZVo_wio d dmT>Ë`m eharH$aUm_wiohr Ë`mMm
OrdZm§H$S>o nmhÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rV ì`dhmadmXr Ñï>rH$moZ S>moH$mdVmo. ho ^m¡{VH$ ~Xb ñdrH$mê$Z Vmo ehamH$S>o Ambm na§Vw
_ZmV JmdmH$S>Mr _mVr OnV, ~XëmË`m OrdZ dmñVdmbm I§~ranUo gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ{eb Amho.
1920 Vo 1990 n`ªV J«m_rU H${dVm H$mhrer Am^mgmË_H$, J«m_g§ñH¥$Vr àIaVoZo _m§S>rV, ào_^mdZm,
CÜXñV hmoUmar IoS>r aoImQ>V, {d{dY _Vàdmh nM{dV Amnbo 'J«m_rU'VoMo doJionU OnV Am{dîH¥$V Pmbr. na§Vw
1990 Z§VaMr H${dVm Ame` Am{U A{^ì`º$sÀ`m nmVirda AmË_{Zð> hmoV gmH$maVo. 1991 nmgyZ ^maV^a
OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMo dmao dmhÿ bmJbo. `mVyZ d¡pîdH$ g_mO Am{U {díd _mZd {dH$grV H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ{eb Agbobr
ì`dñWm, _wº$ kmZñÌmoV Am{U Vmo dmnaUmam, dmT>dUmam g_mO, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmda AmYmabobr 'g§nH©$ H«$m§Vr', {d{dY
g§Ho$V ñWio (Website) emoY B§{OÝg (Search Ingines) gmoeb ZoQ>d{Hª$JMr {d{dY gmYZo, ñd`§-g§KQ>Zm d
A{^ì`º$sMr gmYZo, g§Ho$V ñWio, VgoM OmJ{VH$sH$aUm_Ü`o (Youtube, Arkut, Face Book, blogs wiki-
process) `mMm dmna AmO J«m_rU _mUyg H$arV Amho. `mVyZ Zdg§ñH¥$Vr, Zd AmYw{ZH$Vm, B-g§ñH¥$Vr, BË`mXr_YyZ
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Zdg_mO ì`dñWm {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. hr Zdr ì`dñWm {Z_m©U hmoV AgVm§Zm J«m_rU boIH$ eharH$aUm§À`m à{H«$`oV
Xw^§JbonU AZw^dUmam AgyZhr Amnë`m _mVrer ZmVo {Q>H$dyZ Amho. ho 1990 Z§VaÀ`m H${dVoV AmT>iVo. OmJ{VH$
nmVirda g_Om ~XbVmo Amho. `m ~XbË`m g_mOpñWVrMm Moham bjmV ¿`mdm bmJVmo. amOH$mamU Am{U {ZdS>UyH$m
`m§Zr _mUgmMr qH$_V H$_r Ho$br, H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVrMr dmT>Vr XwamdñWm, `m XwamdñWo_wio {Zamem, hVme Pmbobm
eoVH$ar, ^«ï>mMma, _hmJmB©, Zì`m {dÚmnrR>mMr ñWmnZm, eoVrMo Zdo V§ÌkmZ, ~mOmarH$aUm_wio ZmoH$è`m§À`m g§»`o_Ü`o
dmT> d Ë`mVrb AW©H$maU, B§J«Or {ejUmMr g§»`mË_H$ dmT>, OmVr`Vm, Ym{_©H$, XheVdmXr h„o, eoVH$è`m§À`m
AmË_hË`m, XiUdiUmMr gmYZo, àgma_mÜ`_o, emgH$s` `moOZm, _m{hVrMm A{YH$ma, Ë`mMo \$m`Xo VmoQ>o, g§doXZm§Mo
`m§{ÌH$sH$aU, ~oH$mar, dmT>Vm AZmMma d _ZmV VwQ>bonUmMr ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoD$ bmJbr. Zdg§ñH¥$Vrbm gm_moao OmV
1990 Z§VaMr H${dVm {bhrbr OmV Amho. Amgmam_ bmo_Q>,o H¥$îUamd ImoV, AemoH$ H$m¡VrH$ H$moir, AemoH$ H$moVdmb,
{dO` Omdio, AO` H$m§S>a, àH$me {H$ZJm§dH$a, EH$ZmW nmQ>rb, g§Vmof ndma, bú_U _hmS>rH$, Ho$ed Xoe_wI,
~mbmOr B§Jio, H$ënZm XwYmi, O`am_ IoS>oH$a, a_oe {M„o, lrH$m§V Xoe_wI BË`mXr boIH$m§Zr H${dVm {b{hbr. hr
H${dVm \$º$ dU©ZmV Z AS>H$Vm WoQ> àíZm§er {^S>Vo.na§nam OmonmgÊ`mMo H$m_ hr H${dVm H$aVo. 'noam' (2002)
'A§VarMm ^oX' (2002) 'AmfmT> _mVr' (2003), 'eaUmJVmMo ñVmoÌ' (2005), '_oKd¥ï>r' (2005), 'AmdmZ
Amob' (2005), 'Hw$Uã`mMr H${dVm' (2003), 'amg Am{U Jm|S>a' (1998), 'JmdH$im' (2005), 'Hw$U~r ~mn'
(2002), 'nmT>m' (2006), 'dird' (2007), 'JmdmÀ`m AmH$m^modVr' (2006), '^moJ ñmê$ Xo CÝhmMm'
(2007), 'nwñVH$mV Zgbob nmZ§' (2006), '{nT>rnoñVa ß`mXo_mV' (2008), 'Iw§Q>çm§da Q>m§Jbobr Xw:I'
(2009) `m H${dVm g§J«hm§_ÜmyZ J«m_rU OrdZmMo {d{dY H§$Jmoao Ame` Am{U A{^ì`º$sÀ`m nmVirda ì`º$ hmoVmV. hr
aMZm bj{U` Aer Amho.
'^mH$arMm {ZË` Ë`m§Mm
àíZ `wÜXm§gmaIm§
nmoQ> ñdßZm§Zr Varhr
^aV Jobr _mUñmo..' (n¥.H«$.35)
hr àXrn nmQ>rb `m§À`m 'A§VarMm ^oX' `m g§J«hmVrb H${dVm gm_m{OH$ ^mZ ì`º$ H$aUmar Amho. gmÜ`mgmoß`m ^mfoV
Vr bmoH$H$boÀ`m Odi OmVo. {VÀ`mV Hw$R>ohr AmH«$mñVmionUm OmUdV Zmhr. H¥$fH$ g_mOmMo àíZ _m§S>V AgVmZm
hiwdma eãXmV nU Q>moH$XmanUo ì`º$ hmoVo. Vo {VMo {deof hmo`.
AemoH$ H$moVdmb `m§À`m '_m¡ZmVrb nS>PS>' _Yrb H${dVoV ehar Am{U J«m_rU dmñVdmÀ`m N>Q>m ga{_giyZ
OmVmV. _hmZJanmgyZ Xya Agboë`m J«m_rU _ZmMr g§doXZerbVm Ë`m§À`m H${dVm§_YyZ ì`º$ hmoV.o
'_r VwS>dVmo d`mbm
n§I bmdyZ
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^wa^waVo Ho$g' (AmЩ _Z n¥.49)
Ho$ed gImam_ Xoe_wI `m§À`m 'nmT>m' g§J«hmVyZ _mZdr OrdZmMo ~XbVo g§X^©, IoS>çmVrb gd©Xya ngaboë`m
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JmoVmdù`m{df`r H$idim,H$mñVH$mam§Mo COmS> hmoV OmUmao OrdZ. Am{U ì`dhmar, ^«ï>mMmar, _Vb~r d ~oJS>r
_mUgm§er Amnë`m ~mnmMm g§~Y§ Ambm Va Ë`mMo H$m` hmoB©b? `m àíZm§VyZ H$drMo AñdñW _Z ~mnm{df`r ì`º$ hmoVo
Vo bjUr` Amho. `m g§X^m©V àm. gXmZ§X Xoe_wI {b{hVmV, ''{ZgJm©À`m ~è`mdmB©Q> {H«$`m à{V{H«$`m§da, Añ_mZr
g§H$Q>mÀ`m Amoë`m gwŠ`m `oÊ`m-Z `oÊ`mda ~mnmMrhr AmMma {dMma à{H«$`m Adb§~yZ Amho, EdT>o Ë`mMo OJUo {ZgJ©
gmnoj Pmbobo Amho. åhUyZM Ë`mÀ`m gwIXw:Imbmhr n`m©daUËmÝ_`Vm AmnoAmnM àmá hmoVo. H$Yr Ë`mMo Xw:I
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O{_ZrgmaIo H$mio^moa hmoVo Va gwI H$Yr O{_ZrÀ`m g¥OZmgmaIo JX© {hado hmoVo.''
'{nH$m§gmo~V dma§dma CJdV am{hbm
O{_ZrV JmSy>Z KoVb Ë`mZ§ ñdV:bm OrdZ^a
gO©ZmMm ~mXehm R>aV am{hbm
noaUrÀ`m {Xdgm§V a§JmT>§JmMo njr
Ë`mÀ`mer ~mobVmZm nm{hbo'
eoVr{df`r AgUmao AmH$bZ, ^abobo {edma, JmoR>çmVrb eoUm_wVmMm dmg hm H$mñVH$mam§À`m OrdZmMm EH$ A{d^mÁ`
^mJ Amho. H$ï> H$ê$Zhr H$mñVH$mam§À`m dmQ>çmbm _mÌ Xw:IM `oVo. `mMo Xw:I H$dr ì`º$ H$aVmo.
H¥$fr na§naoer g§~§{YV Agbobm _mUyg EH$mabonUmZo AmH$mambm `oV Zmhr, Ë`mM AmH$maU§ Jmd, eoVr,
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g§nV ZmhrV Var hm eoVH$ar AmemdmXr Amho. hm AmemdmX-
'AmVm nmdgmMr ga `oB©b
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Vmon`ªV
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g_mYmZ _mZUmè`m eoVH$è`mgmaI§
_bm H$i H$mT>U§ ^mJ Amho.'
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Ë`mM àmº$Z ~Zbob Amho. Ë`mbm H$mQ>H$garMo VÎdkmZ CnOVnUoM ~hmb Ho$bo OmVo `mMo {MÌUhr H$dr H$aVmo.
J«m_rU g§dXoZerbVm hm H${dVoMm {deof hmo`.
'^moJ gê$ Xo CÝhmMm' `m H¡$bmg Xm¢S> `m§À`m H${dVmg§J«hmVrb H${dVm eoVmV am~Umè`m eoVH$è`mÀ`m,
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eoVm_§Xr {nH$ Amb§

Amb§ H$Ur H$UgmM§
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~Km _T>§ _mUgmM§......' (n¥.H«$.8)
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H$ï> Cnmgbo Var Ë`mÀ`m _wbm§À`m A§Jmdarb H$nS>çm§Zm _mÌ {R>JioM bmdbobr AgVmV ho {dXmaH$ dmñVd H$dr
CnamoYmË_H$ eãXmV _m§S>Vmo. ~XbË`m g_mOOrdZmbm Pw§PmanUo Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr AmVm Ë`mMr _mZ{gH$ V`mar Pmbobr
Amho. åhUyZM D$g VmoS> H$aUmam _mUyg åhUVmo.......
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IoS>çmVrb d¥Îmr-àd¥Îmr, OwZo dmS>o, KÅ> Onbobr ZmVr, AmOr, ór, nrH$nmUr, ~¡b, XwîH$mi, ~XbVr d T>mgiVr
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g§J«hmVrb ~hþVm§e H${dVm§À`m H|$ÐñWmZr 'AmB©' Amho.
'T>H$bV H$m|S>mdm \$S>\$S>Vm njr qnOè`mV
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Vg§ _Z H$m|~m`Mr _w{íH$btZ _m`

earamAmV'
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gÎmmH$aUm§À`m amOH$maUm§V J«m_rU _mUgmMo H$go ~a~mXrH$aU hmoV Amho `mMo {MÌU gXmZ§X Xoe_wI `m§Zr
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J«m_rU _mUyg AmVm gËdemoY KoD$ bmJbm Amho. AmVm _r geº$nUo n[apñWVrMm gm_Zm H$aob. doi AmbrM Va -
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nmQ>rb åhUVmo H$s -
'Ho$bm Amho {ZíM`
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Am`wî`mV EH$Xm H$m hmoB©Zm

nhmQ>obm CImUo Kmbm`Mo' (A§VarMm ^oX n¥. 59)
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hþ§XH$m, eãXmV Zo_Ho$nUmZo nH$S>Umar åhUyZM bj{U` Aer dmQ>Vo.''
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amOH$maU, {ejH$, g§ñWm, ~mOma,CÚmoJ, ì`dñWm, ~X_me, bwQ>mê$ `m gdmªZm {dMmaboë`m àíZm§Mr CËVao _mJUmar
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Xe©{dUmar Zmhr, Va Vr H${dVm _wimVbo J«m_g§doXZ OnV EH$m YmS>gmZo àH$Q> hmoV OmVo. dU©Z H$ê$Z, {df` a§JdyZ
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`m§À`m OmJa CËnÞ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm KooD$Z Ambobr hr AmOMr _amR>r J«m_rU H${dVm Amho.''
hr H${dVm AmOÀ`m OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m à{H«$`o_Ü`o ~XbË`m IoS>çmÀ`m {dñH$irV OrdZmdñWoVrb eë`
àJQ> H$aVo. Vr ì`dñWobm àíZ {dMmaVo Amho Am{U AmË_emoY KoV Am{dîH¥$V hmoV Amho.

g§X^©gyMr:-
r:-
1. _amR>r dmL>_`H$moe-4 à.Am. 2002, n¥.113.
2. OhmJraXma {dídmg, _. gm. n{ÌH$m, (J«m_rU gm{hË` {deofm§H$) Owb- ¡ {S>g|~a, 1980, n¥.89.
3. am. a§. ~moamS>o, bmoH$amÁ` (dmMZ {deofm§H$) OyZ-Owb¡, 2011, n¥.40.
4. ~Xbmnya (Am_Àmm Jmd) Zm. Jmo. MmnoH$a, Am`©g§ñH¥$Vr _wÐUmb`, nwU- o 2, eHo$ 1885, n¥.324.
5. gXmZ§X Xoe_wI, H${dVm-aVr, Owb- ¡ Am°JñQ>, 2008, n¥.32.
6. X.Vm.^mogbo,H${dVm-aVr, _mM©-E{àb, 2004, n¥.24-25.
7. S>m.° Ho$ed gImam_ Xoe_wI,H${dVm-aVr,_mM©-E{àb, 2010, n¥.39.

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