Cëh $M VR (Güxm V, Omv Am (U Ozwho$: Om (V - (D L J Nmumz, Aäämm - Äämm (H Om (V'Mo &&

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 16

CH$mVr {gXmV, OmV Am{U OZwHo$

Xodo BJio

Om{V-{d^L>J nmUmZ, Amm_mm {h Om{V`mo &&


Ed ZpW _Zwgogw, {bL>J Om{V_` nwWw &&
-VWmJV mmV_ ~wX

CH$mVr {gXmVmZo Mmg S>m{dZbm (1809-1882) B{VhmgmV AT>i Ago


WmZ mV H$$Z {Xbo Amho. Od{dkmZm`m kmZemIog `mZo Oo `moJXmZ {Xbo Vo
1

AmOhr `m`m H$mimBVHo$M _hdmMo Am{U nm`^yV _mZbo OmVo. _mZdmbm, Vmo AJXr
AmXr_mdWoV AgVmZm nmgyZM Amnbr Cnmr Am{U {dH$mg H$gm Am{U H$moU`m H$_mZo
hmoV Ambm hm Z ^oS>gmdV hmoVm. `m ZmMo dkm{ZH$ n{>H$aUmgh Cma {Xbo Vo
S>m{dZ`m

CH$mVr

{gXmVmZo.

Ordg>r`m

CH$mVrMm

S>m{dZUrV

{gXmV

`mdoi`m gdM BdadmXr Y_nWmgmR>r AmhmZmnX R>abm; H$maU gdM BdadmXr


Y_mZr g>r{Z{_VrMo lo` BdamH$S>o gmon{dbo hmoVo. S>m{dZZo g>r{Z{_Vr`m
H|$WmZmVyZ BdamMr hH$mbn>r Ho$br d H$mbmKmV Vo WmZ `m`m CH$mVr
{gXmVmg mV hmoV Jobo. S>m{dZMo `moJXmZ H$m{VH$mar d$nmMo _mZbo OmVo Vo `mgmR>r

`m`mVm, nX`wma B{Vhmg {d^mJ, E_.Oo. H$mboO, OiJmd - 425002


email - devendra_i@rediffmail.com

(_Zw`oVa) m{U_mm_`o [^^md XmIdUm`m OmVr AgVmV; nU _Zw`m_`o nWH$Vm XmIdUmao


Om{V_` qbJ ZgVo. ( _pP_{ZH$m`, dmgoQ>R>gwm(2.48.2.3), CXYV- eaX nmQ>rb, XmgeymMr
Jwbm_{Jar, IS> 1: ^mJ 2, mk H$meZ, dmB, 1987, n.458)

H$s `mZo Ordg>rMr {Z{_Vr d {dH$mg H$gm hmoV Jobm `mMr CH$b H$aVmZmM BdaH|$r
{gXmVmMm \$mobnUmhr {gX H$obm hmoVm.
S>m{dZMm CH$mVr{gXmV `mdoi`m {Vr-Bbm{_H$ OJVmbm AmhmZmnX
dmQ>bm VgmM Vmo ~mUrY_mghr (Omo AmO qhXyY_ hUwZ AmoiIbm OmVmo.) AmhmZ
XoUmam R>abm. {Vr Am{U Bbm_r Y__VmZo `m _mUo _mZdmonmrV BdamMo WmZ
H|$dVu _mZbo hmVo VgoM Vo ~mUr Y_mZohr _mZbo hmoVo. gdM BdadmXr Y_gXm`
EH$_wImZo gnwU MamMag>r d _mZdOmV hr BdamMr {Z{_Vr Ag`mMo _mZVmV.
~mUr Y_emmZr Va doJdoJ`m {_`H$Wm gV H$$Z _mZdmonmrMo n{>H$aU
Xo`mMm `Z Ho$bm. `mV
H$mhr {R>H$mUr _Zy, H$mhr {R>H$mUr ~m Va A` H$mhr {R>H$mUr {damQ>nw$fmnmgyZ _mZdr
g_mO Cn Pmbm d {dH$mg nmdbm Ago hQ>bo Jobo. EdT>oM Zho Va dUOmVr~X
gm_m{OH$ V[aH$aU gwXm Bda{Z{_VM Amho Agohr `mMo hUUo hmoVo. `mMr hr
^y{_H$m CKS>nUo COmVdUu`mMo gm_m{OH$-^m{VH$ {hVg~Y Omonmgy nmhUmar hmoVr.
dOmVdJmMo CWmZ Am{U {deofm{YH$ma A~m{YV ahmdoV hUyZ dUOmV`dWm
gwXm Bda{Z{_VM Amho Ago ~mUr Y_emo gmJV hmoVr. `mg BW`m g_VmdmXr
MiditZr Am{U AmYw{ZH$ kmZ{dkmZmZo O|hm AmhmZo {Xbo V|hm emr` H$gmoQ>rda
dUOmV`dWoMo Am{M` {gX H$$Z Vr H$er {dkmZm{Y{>V Amho Vo ^mg{d`mMm
`Z ~mUr N>mdUrZo Ho$bm. `mgmR>r N>X_{dkmZmMm AmYma KoVbm Jobm. AmYw{ZH$
kmZ{dkmZm {d$X`m gKfmV Oohm Oohm nman[aH$ dMm[aH$ h`ma Hw$MH$m_r R>abr
Vohm Vohm BW`m nanamdmmZr Amn`m ~MmdmImVa AmYw{ZH$ kmZ{dkmZmZoM
{dH${gV Ho$bo`m kmZmMm Cn`moJ Amn`m ~mOwZo H$$Z Ko`mMm IQ>mQ>mon Ho$bm. `mVyZ
S>m{dZ Am{U `mMm CH$mVr {gXmVhr gwQ>bm Zmhr. VwV {Z~YmV, dUOmV`dWo`m
AmH$bZmV S>m{dZMnUrV CH$mVr{gXmV H$moUVo `moJXmZ XoD$ eH$Vmo `mda H$me
Q>mH$VmZmM _hmam>mVrb ~mUr N>mdUrH$Sy>Z S>m{dZ`m {gXmVmMm Omo {dn`mg
H$a`mV Ambm `mMr {M{H$gmhr H$obr Amho. VgoM w_Z {OZmo_ [agM H$nmVJV
^maVr` CnIS>mVrb dUOm{Vg_mOmg~Yr Oo gemoYZ H$a`mV Ambo `mVwZ mV
Pmbo`m {ZH$fm`m nmd^y_rda CH$mVr {gXmV nS>VmiwZ nmh`mMmhr `Z Ho$bm
Amho.

S>m{dZUrV CH$mVr {gXmV


OJmVrb gd dVw J{V_mZ AmhoV, n[adVZerb AmhoV, hm {gXmV Ordg>rbm
bmJy H$$Z S>m{dZZo AmOMr d{d`nwU Ordg>r hr Jo`m AJ{UV dfmV AJXrM
gm`m d A{dH${gV Aem OrdZ_` dVynmgyZ H$_mH$_mZo {Z_mU Pmbr Ag`mMo
2

gm{JVbo. S>m{dZZo Amn`m {gXmVmMr _mS>Ur ^anya nwam`m{Zer, A`V VH$ewX


nXVrZo Am{U A{Ve` n[al_nydH$ Ho$bo`m gd}jUmVwZ d qMVZmVwZ Ho$br. AmZ X

Am[a{OZ Am\$ noerg ~m` _rg Am\$ ZoMab {gboeZ hm `mMm JW 1859 gmbr
H$m{eV Pmbm. `mV Vmo _mWg`m {gXmVmMm AmYma KoV gmJVmo H$s, JwUmomanXVrZo
Omonmr hmoD$Zhr gdgmYmaUnUo H$moU`mhr OmVr`m(noerg) m`mMr g`m Odi
Odi pWa ahmVo, Vr {deof dmT>V Zmhr. `m_wio gd m`m_`o OrdZOJ`mMm H$bh
(struggle for survival )

Mmbbobm AgVmo. Amnbo Im {_i{dUo, eynmgyZ ~Mmd H$aUo,

~XbVo hdm_mZ ghZ H$aUo, {nbmMr OmonmgZm H$aUo, B`mXr AZoH$ Jmo>r `m H$bhm`m
^mJ AgVmV. hm {ZgJmer Mmbbobm gKf AgVmo. Oo hm gKf H$a`mg A{YH$ bm`H$
Am{U `edr R>aVmV Vo OJVmV d Oo An`er R>aVmV `mMr g`m KQ>V OmVo. S>m{dZZo
Amn`m {ZajUmVwZ gm{JVbo H$s, H$moU`mhr EH$m OmVrVbo gd mUr gmaIo ZgVmV,
`mV WmoS>r\$ma {d{dYVm AgVo, N>moQ>o _moR>o \$aH$ AgVmV. `mnH$s `mMo O{dH$ JwU
^modVmb`m {ZgJmer OwiVo Ko`mg, `mV {Z^md bmJ`mg A{YH$ nmofH$ AgVrb, Vo
OrdZH$bhmV {Q>Hy$Z amhVrb; BVa H$_e: H$_r hmoV hmoV Z> hmoVrb. Vmo hUVmo H$s
`m OmVrV {d{dYVm OmV, ~Xb`m n[apWVrV OwidyZ Ko`mMr j_Vm `m`mH$S>o
OmV `m OmVr {Q>Hy$Z amh`mMm g^d OmV, {Za{Zam`m XoemV nga`mMm g^d
OmV Am{U {V`m_YyZ doJdoJ`m OmVr {Z_mU hmo`mMm g^d OmV AgVmo. Aem
H$mao n[apWVrbm AZw$n Aem {XeoZo m`mMm {dH$mg hmoV OmVmo, EH$m OmVr`m
{d{dYVo_YyZ {d{dY OmVr {Z_mU hmoVmV Am{U Ordg>r`m djm`m emIm dmT>V
OmVmV. S>m{dZZo `m {H$`og Zg{JH$ {ZdS'

(natural seletion)

Ago Zmd {Xbo. {ZgJmer

OwiVo Ko`m`m {XeoZo `mMm {dH$mg hmoVmo Amho Vo {ZdS>bo OmVmV Am{U OrdZH$bhmV
`edr hmoVmV Ago S>m{dZbm hUm`Mo Amho. WmoS>`mV OrdZH$bh, nm`m_Yrb AJ^yV
{d{dYVm Am{U Zg{JH$ {ZdS> `m`m `moJo Ordg>rV CH$mVr hmoV Jobr, hm S>m{dZ`m
{gXmVmMm Jm^m hmo`. CH$mVr {gXmVm_wio _mZdmMr Cnmr Am{U B{Vhmg `mda

H$me nSy> eHo$b `m{df`r S>m{dZbm gw$dm{VnmgyZM Imr dmQ>V hmoVr. AmZ X

Am[a{OZ Am\$ noerg m JWmV `mZo OmVt`m (noerg) CXJ_mMr MMm H$aV
AgVmZm _mZdr g_mO{dH$mgmMr MMm Q>mibr hmoVr. nwT>o 1871 gmbr H$m{eV Pmbo`m

X {S>goQ> Am\$ _Z BZ [aboeZ Qy> gog `m JWmV `mZo _mZdr CH$mVrgX^mV MMm
Ho$br. `m JWmV `mZo _mZdOmVrMm ma^ EoHo$ H$mi`m _mH$S>m nmgyZ Pmbm Ag`mMr
Cnn{m _mS>br. _mUyg, _mH$S>, grb_mgm, dmKyi `m`m gmJmS>mV {dbjU gm` Amho.
J^g^dm`m doir _mZdr J^noer BVa m`m_mUoM 1/125 BM bm~rMr AgVo.
J^mdWoVbm {dH$mg CH$mVr`m {dH$mgmV`m nm``mMo AZwH$aU H$aVmo B`mXr...
d$nm`m {Z[ajUm`m AmYmao `mZo {ZH$f H$mT>bm H$s nmR>rbm H$Um AgUm`m
m`m`m {dH$mgmVyZM A{V_V: _mZdmMr Cnmr Pmbr. _mZdmMr Cnmr neynmgyZ
Pmbr Ag`mMo gmJV S>m{dZZo _mZdOmVr`m OZH$dmMm _mZ EHo$ H$mi`m
3

_mH$S>mH$S>o OmVmo Agm {gXmV _mS>bm.

{df_VmnmofH$ d emofUg_WH$m`m {X_Vrbm CH$mVr {gXmV !


S>m{dZ`m boIZmVrb Q>Jb \$ma ghmhb, ZMab {gboeZ, AS>mQ>oeZ Aem
H$mhr gH$nZmMm AmYma KoV h~Q> noga `mZr gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXm Mr
darwinism)

Va \$mpgg JmQ>Z `mZo gwOZZemm Mr

(eugenics)

(social

C^maUr Ho$br hmoVr.

Jmo{~`y gma`m ^mfmemkmZo dedmXr {gXmVmMr _mS>Ur H$am`bm gw$dmV Ho$br


hmoVr `mbm CH$mVr {gXmVmMr OmoS> {_imbr d `mVyZ Am` delo>dmMm {gXmV
C^m amhrbm. {Zeo d {hQ>ba`m \${gQ> amOH$maUmMm CX^d XoIrb `m_wioM e`
Pmbm. VXdVM ^maVmV gwXm BW`m dUOmVlo>ddmXr ~mUr N>mdUrZo CH$mVr
{gXmVmMm hdmbm XoD$ZM dUOmV`dWoMo g_WZ H am`bm gw$dmV Ho$br hmoVr.
`mgmR>r H$maUr^wV R>abVo Vo CH$mVr {gXmVm`m nm`mda C^o AgUmao gm_m{OH$

S>m{dZdmX d gwOZZemmMm {gXmV.


S>m{dZZo Odg>r`m gX^mV _mS>bobm CH$mVr {gXmV nogaZo _mZdr
g_mOemmer OmoS>bm Am{U `mVyZ gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX gmH$mabm. S>m{dZ`m
_mS>UrVrb Q>Jb \$ma ghm`hb hr gH$nZm Va nogaMr ghm`hb Am\$ X

{\$Q>oQ> hr gH$nZm $T> Pmbr hmoVr. nogaZo S>m{dZ`m boIZmVrb ZMab {gboeZ
4

Mo Vd drH$m$Z Vo ^mS>dbr AWemmbm OmoS>bo Am{U S>m{dZZohr Amo[a{OZ Am\$ Xr

noerg `m nmM`m AmdmrV (1869) ZMab {gboeZ gmR>r n`m`r eX hUyZ


ghmhb Am\$ X {\$Q>oQ> hr gH$nZm `mo{Obr. Iam Kmoi VooWoM Pmbm. m gH$nZm
EH$_oH$mZm n`m`r _mZ`m Jo`mZo nwT>ohr AWmMm AZW hmoV Jobm. CH$mVrdmXmZwgma
fittest

`m eXmMm AW hmoVm nOmonmrg nwaogo gj_ Am{U g^modVmb`m n[apWVrer

O{dH$ AZw$nVm/AZwHw$bZ gm` H$$ eH$Umao! nU `mEodOr AW M{bV Pmbm Vmo


em[a[aH$Q>m ~bXS>, gm_`dmZ, geV, dm dm{eH$ Q>m `mo`V_, lo>V_ qH$dm
~i! h~Q> noga `mZr AZwHy$bZ m gH$nZo`m AmYmao lr_V d gmmYmar bmoH$ ho
`m `m H$mimVrb gm_m{OH$ d Am[WH$ n[apWVrer A{YH$ OwidyZ KoVmV, AZwHw$bVm
gmYVmV Ago hQ>bo. Zg{JH$ {ZdS>r `m VdmZwgma ~imZr Xw~bmda _mV H$aUo ho
XoIrb dm^m{dH$, gm_m` Am{U `mo`M hmo` Agm Xmdm R>moH$VmZm gaVoeodQ>r
4

{ZgJMH$mV Va amoOM Ago KS>V AgVo Aerhr _brZmWr Ho$br. `m_wio gm_m{OH$amOH$s`-Am{WH$ Q>m CWmZr AgUmamZm Amho Vo dmVd(Oo {df_VmJV Amho)
Ogo Wo R>od`mg Am{U A{Z~Y nY}g (_wV^mS>dbemhrg) ~T>mdm Xo`mg AmYma mV
Pmbm. H$mhr Q>moH$m`m gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmmZr Va Agohr hQ>bo H$s, Xw~bmZm ghm`
H$aUo hUOo _ybV: Oo Ae$/Aj_ AgVmV `m`m Omonmrg MmbZm Xo`mgmaIo
Am{U n`m`mZo Z{VH$Q>m A`mo` Am{U {ZgJ{Z`_m`mhr {d$X hmo`. S>m{dZZo
dV: gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmg g_WZ {Xbo ZhVo Am{U e` Amho H$s `mZo gm_m{OH$
S>m{dZdmm`m AZoH$ Xm`mZm {damoYM Ho$bm AgVm. Iao nmh OmVm Ago {XgVo H$s,
gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX hm 19 eVH$m`m CmamYmVrb Am{WH$-amOH$s` {dVmadmXmMo
\${bV hmoVm. `yamon Am{U A_o[aHo$Vrb CdJu`mH$S>o Am[WH$ Am{U amOH$s` gmm EH$dQy>
bmJ`mZVa lr_V-J[a~ hr Xar Cmamoma dmT>V Jobr. dmT>V OmUm`m dJu` {df_VoMo
emr` n>rH$aU Xo`mMr O~m~Xmar ^mS>dbemhrMo g_WZ H$aUm`m {dMmadVmda
`oD$Z nS>br Am{U `mM JaOoVwZ gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmMm {gXmV C^m am{hbm.
gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmmMo {ZgJm`m H$m`mdarb A{V[aV Adb~Z ho gm_m{OH$,
amOH$s`, Am{U emr`Q>m nwT>mabo`mZm `m`mH$S>rb gnmr Am{U gmoMo nwZdmQ>n
H$a`mMr _mJUr H$aUm`m emo{fVmZm YwS>H$mdyZ bmd`mg _moH$irH$ XoVo. Aem
H$ma`m gwYmaUm_wio {ZgJ{Z{_V C{ZMVog ~mYm nmoMVo Agm `mMm Xmdm AgVmo.

mM Xm`mMm {dVma H$$Z H$mhr gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmmZr gm_m`dmXmghr


emr`Q>m dY R>a{d`mMm `Z Ho$bm. gm_m`dmXr eVr m {ZgJV:M lo>V_
AmhoV d `mMo BVa am>mdarb {Z`U ho _mZdr CH$mVr`m >rZo `Wm`mo`M hmo`
Agohr `mMo hUUo AgVo.

gm_m{OH$

S>m{dZdmXm_mUoM

gwOZZemmZohr

S>m{dZdmXmMm

H$a`mV _moR>m hmV^ma bmdbm. \$mpgg JmQ>Z `mZo 1865 gmbr


Character

m boImXmao Am{U

Hereditary Genius (1869)

Am{U

{dn`mg

Hereditary Talent and

Human Faculty and Its Development

(1883) m JWm_YyZ AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV n{h`mXmM gwOZZem

eugenics

hr

gH$nZm MmamV AmUbr. Am[a{OZ Am\$ no{eg Mo dmMZ H$o`mZVa `mVrb Zg{JH$

{ZdS>r `m VdmMm AmYma KoV JmQ>ZZo gwOZZmMm {gXmV C^m Ho$bm. `mV `mZo
_mZdmMr ~wpX_mm

(genius and talent )

Am{U `pV_dmVrb JwUgnVm hr AZwd{eH$

AgVo Agm Xmdm Ho$bm. gnwU O{dH$g>rV Oer emar[aH$ d{eQ>m`m ~m~VrV _`mXm
Am{U d{d` AmT>iVo VerM _`mXm AZwd{eH$[a`m _mZdmg mV hmoUm`m Zg{JH$
j_Voda XoIrb AgVo Ago `mMo hUUo hmoVo. `mMo nwT>Mo {VnmXZ Ago hmoVo H$s,
H$miOrnwdH$ `mo`V_ OmoS>rXmamMr {ZdS >H$$Z `m`mV {ddmh KS>dyZ AmU`mg H$mhr
{nT>mZVa CMJwUgn _mZdrde V`ma H$aVm `oUo e` Amho. hmM gwOZZemmMm
VmpdH$ nm`m hmoVm. AZwd{eH$ j_Vm Am{U JwUdmm {dH${gV H$aUmao {dkmZ hUyZ
gwnOZZemmMm JdJdm H$a`mV Ambm. `mV lo> {VMo JwU H$moUVo? Vo H$go Am{U
Hw$Ur {ZpMV H$am`Mo? CM XOmMr j_Vm H$emg hUm`Mo? CmwJ ~wpX_mm hUOo
H$m`? Ago AZoH$ _wo g{XYM hmoVo. VWm{n {dgm`m eVH$m`m gw$dm{V`m H$mhr
XeH$mV gwOZZ MidirZo MmJbmM Omoa nH$S>bm hmoVm. Xwgao _hm`wX g_mV
hmoBn`V hm Omoa {Q>Hy$Z hmoVm H$maU m MidirZo delo>dm gma`m N>X_dkm{ZH$
{gXmVmMm AmYma KoVbm hmoVm. lo>(?)Vr`m _mZddemMr OmonmgZm H$aUo d
{ZZ(?){VMo _mZdde Z> H$aUo hm `m MidirMm _wI Coe hmoVm Omo nwUV: Zeg
d _mZdmohr hmoVm. A{Ve` Zeg $n YmaU H$aUmar hr Midi bmImo bmoH$mMo
_mZdrhH$ nm`Xir VwS>{d`mg H$maUr^wV R>abr. AS>m\$ {hQ>ba`m ZmPr O_ZrV hr
Midi bmImo `y`m AZpdV N>img Am{U `m`m Zaghmamg H$ma{U^wV R>abr.
gwOZZemmMm g~Y WoQ>nUo OwiVmo Vmo gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmer. H$maU ho Xmohr

{gXmV Ago _mZVmV H$s, _mZdr ~wpX_mm d lo>d ho AZwd{eH$ AgVo, `m`mH$S>o Vo
AgVo VoM OrdZH$bhmV `mo`V_ hUyZ {ZdS>bo OmVmV d Oo Anm R>aVmV Vo Z>
hmoVmV.
Zg{JH$ {ZdS>r`m VdmZo AmUIr EH$m {dH$Vrg O_ {Xbm Vr hUOo dedmX!
\$mg _Yrb Jmo~r`y `mZo 1853 gmbr {d{dY _mZddemVrb {df_Voda {Z~Y {b{hbm
hmoVm. Am` delo>dm`m {gXmVmda `mMm ^a hmoVm. Oo de lo> AmhoV `mZr Amnbo
ewXd Omonmgbo nm{hOo Agm `mMm AmJh hmoVm... Am{U Am` demZo Ago lo>d
Omonmgbo Ag`mMo _Vhr `mZo `V Ho$bo hmoVo. nwT>o O_ZrV hmQ>Z Q>rdQ> M|~abrZ,
hmBHo$b `mZr Jmo{~`y`m dedmXmMr OmoS> gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmbm {Xbr. {hQ>ba`m
ZmPr amOdQ>rg dMm[aH$ AmYma Xo`mMo H$m_ Aem H$mao gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmMr OmoS>
{_imbo`m dedmXmZo Ho$bo. Ago {XgyZ `oVo H$s, gmoeb S>m{d{ZP_Mm Cn`moJ
{d{dYH$ma`m emofUgWmZm dYVm {_idyZ Xo`mgmR>r dmadma H$a`mV Ambm Amho.
gmoeb

S>m{d{ZP_`m

VdmZwgma

dgmhVdmX,

gm_m`dmX,

bH$ar

AmH$_U,

{dVmadmX, _mbH$emhr, dedmX, ^mS>dbr _wVAW`dWm `mgma`m emofUgWmMo


~ir R>aUmao Oo emo{fVOZg_wh AgVmV `m`m `m AdWog `mMr dV:MrM Xw~bVm
H$ma{U^wV AgyZ Vo dm{^{dH$M hmo` Ago _mZbo Jobo. Va Xwg`m ~mOwZo emofH$dJmMr
Hw$aVm, emo{fVm{d$X `mZr Ho$bo`m Xw> H$madm`m `mZm Z{VH$ g_WZ Xo`mMo H$m_
gmoeb S>m{d{ZP_Zo Ho$bo. ZmPr O_ZrZo Amn`m gwOmOZZemmVrb `moJmMr
dYVm {gX H$a`mgmR>r gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXm Mm AmYma KoVbm. `m`m boIr Oo Oo
Xw~b _mZdde AmhoV Vo Vo OJ`m`m bm`H$sMo ZgyZ `mMo Z> hmooUo _mZdOmVr`m
{ZH$mon JVrgmR>r Amd`H$ hmoVo. Am{U `mgmR>rM `mZr Aem Xw~b _mZddem`m
IMrH$aUmMr (sterilisation) _mohr_ CKS>br hmoVr. A_o[aH$o gma`m XoemV gwXm 1910Vo
1930`m Xa`mZ gwOmOZZm`m _mo{h_og bmoH${`Vm {_iyZ 24 am`m_`o
IMrH$aUmMo H$m`Xo Am{U H$mhr {d{e> XoemVyZ `oUm`m WbmV[aVmZm {V~Y
H$aUmao H$m`Xo nmg H$a`mV Ambo hmoVo. S>m{dZdmX Am{U gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX `mV
Zoh_rM JV Ho$br OmVo. H$mhr _yb^wV gH$nZm_Yrb gm` gmoS>bo Va `mV H$gbrhr
g_mZVm Zmhr. gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX hm A{Ve` VH$Xw>, AZ{VH$ Am{U Aemr`
nm`mda C^m AgyZ `mgmR>r Mmg S>m{dZmbm Xmofr R>adUo Ja Amho. S>m{dZ{UV

CH$mVr

{gXmVm`m

nm`mda

C`m

Agbo`m,

gm_m{OH$

S>m{dZdmXmZo,

gwOZZemmZo Am{U delo>dm`m amOH$maUmZo CH$mVr {gXmVmg ^`H$a


{dn`V Aem d$nmV OJmg_moa VwV Ho$bo. hm `m {gXmVmda Am{U Iw S>m{dZda
XoIrb A`m` hmoVm. dVwpWVr Aer Amho H$s
survival of the fittest

struggle for survival, natural selection

VgoM

m gma`m gH$nZm Odg>rVrb dm^m{dH$, {Zh}VwH$ d {ZanojnUo

KS>V amhUm`m dkm{ZH$ {H$`m Xe{dVmV. m gH$nZmMo `moOZ Hw$R>`mhr H$ma`m


{df_VoMo dm emofUgWoMo g_WZ H$aUo ho AgyM eH$V Zmhr. m dkm{ZH$ gH$nZmZm
H$Yr _wV ^mS>dbemhrZo, H$Yr gm_m`dmXmZo, H$Yr bH$ar {dVmadmXmZo Va H$Yr
dedmXmZo doR>rg Yabo EodT>mM `mMm AW! Aem H$mao CH$mVr {gXmVmg {dn`V
d$nmV H$m hmoBZm nU Amn`m ~mOyZo C^o H$a`mV {df_VmnmofH$mZr d
emofUg_WH$mZr `e {_i{dbo ho ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr!

S>m{dZdmX : Om{Vg_WH$ H$gm?


`m_mUo OJ^amV {d{dYH$ma`m emofUgWmZm emr`dYVm mV hmdr
hUyZ dmadma S>m{dZdmXmg doR>rg Ya`mV Ambo VgmM `Z ^maVmV`m
dUOmV`dWoMo g_WZ H$aUm`m ~mUr N>mdUrZo XoIrb Ho$bm. S>m{dZUrV

OrZdZH$bhmMm {gXmV Am{U gwOZZemmMm

XmIbm XoV dUOmV`dWoMo

Am{M` {gX H$$ nmhUmam_`o m_w`mZo A{hVmr amOdmS>o, Jmo. _. Omoer, {d. Xm.
gmdaH$a `mMm CboI _hdmMm R>aVmo. AJXr A{bH$S>Mo CXmhaU hUyZ nmSw>aJ emr
6

AmR>dbo `mMm {ZX}e H$aVm `oBb. A{hVmr amOdmS>o `mZr `w{O{Zg Mm hdmbm XoV
7

dUml_Y_mMo d An`VoMo g_WZ Ho$bo hmoVo. {d.Xm.gmdaH$amZr AZwdeemm`m


8

^mdmImbr dUOmV`dWoMo g_WZ H$obo hmoVo.

gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX Am{U

gwOZZemm`m AmYmao dUOmV`dWm Am{U VXO` rXm` `mMo g_WZ


H$a`m`m ~m~VrV Jmo. _. Omoer(1895-1967) `mMm qhXyMo g_mOaMZmem(1934)
9

hm JW Agm Amho `mMm CboI Q>miVmM `oUma Zmhr.

`mZr m JWmVyZ

dUOmV`dWm hr gm_m{OH$Q>m d dkm{ZH$ {>H$moZmVyZ XoIrb H$er g_WZr`


Amho Vo {gX H$a`mMm AQ>moH$mQ> `Z H$obm. Om{VgWm hr qhXy_Yrb Om{VgH$a Q>miyZ
lo> Aem ~mU OmVrMr OmonmgZm H$a`mMr `Um hmo` Aer `mMr YmaUm hmoVr.

10

OmVr` gH$amZo g_mOmMm Zme hmoVmo d hm g>rMmM {Z`_ hmo` Ago Vo _mZVmV.
mpgg JmQ>ZMm hdmbm XoD$Z Vo `wamonmVrb gH$aO amOKam`mMm H$gm {Zde Pmbm
`mMr _mhrVr XoVmV. EodT>oM Zho Va dUmVam`m n[aUm_r N>. {edmOr _hmamOmMmhr nwT>o
11

H$gm {Zde Pmbm `mMmhr {ZX}e H$aVmV.

Om{VgWm AgU| ho {hVH$maH$ Va


12

dUmVamMr dmr A{hVH$maH$ Am{U g_mOmgmR>r ZmeH$ hmo` ho `mMo R>m_ hUUo hmoVo.
13

Om{VgH$a Q>mi`mgX^mV ~mb{ddmh Am{U An`Vm \$ma Cn`wV AgyZ

Om{VgH$a

Q>miVm `mdm `mgmR>r VgoM gwOmemm`m {>H$moZmVyZ Om{V~m {ddmhmda {Z~Y


14

KmbyZ r`m`m mmV`mMm gH$moM H$aUo `mZm g_WZr` dmQ>Vo.

Om{VgH$amg

{damoY H$$Z {~OewXrMo _hd nQ>dyZ Xo`mgmR>r Jmo._. OmoetZr S>m{dZbm MH$ _Zy`m
godoV XmIb Ho$bo Amho. Om{VgH$amg _Zy_mUoM S>m{dZ XoIrb {damoY H$aVmo Ago
^mg{d`mMm `Z `mZr Ho$bm Amho. _Zw_Vr_Yrb,

j{`mNy>H$`m`mHy$amMma {dhmadmZ I
jeydnwOVw$JmoZm_ Om`Vo II
(_Zw, 9-399)
(Am`wYOr{d j{`mnmgyZ eyH$`o`m R>m`t hUOo dm{eH$Q>m hrZ r`o`m
R>m`t CJ ZmdmMm nw Cn hmoVom Am{U `mMo AmMma-{dhma ho H$m`YmZ AgVmV.) hm
cmoH$ Am{U EHo$ {R>H$mUr S>m{dZZo, ""gH$aOmVr A`V Hy$a AgVmV'' Ago Oo {dYmZ Ho$bo
`mMm hdmbm XoV Om{VgH$a hm Y_emQ>m d emr`Q>m XoIrb `m`
15

Ag`mMo {gX H$a`mMm `Z Jmo._.Omoer H$aVmV.

dVwpWVr Aer Amho H$s,

S>m{dZZo Amn`m boIZmV ^maVr` CnIS>m_Yrb Om{Vg_mOm{Vb gH$aOmVt gX^mV ho


^m`

Ho$bo

ZhVo.

BWo

hm

_wm

bjmV

`m`bm

hdm

H$s,

S>m{dZ

{d{dY

noerg`m(OmVr) gH$am {df`r _V Zm|XdVmo Amho Va _Zw_Vr d Jmo. _. Omoer ho


^maVr` CnIS>mV`m Om{Vg_mOmVrb gH$am {df`r ^m` H$aVmhoV. {edm`
S>m{dZUrV CH$mVr{gXmVmZwgma AmYw{ZH$ _Zw`OmV (hmo_mo gonr`Z gonr`Z) hrM
EH$ dV no{eg Ag`m H$maUmZo _Zw`OmVr`m AVJV Hw$R>`mhr gH$amMm _wmM
AVwV Am{U Aemr` R>aVmo. Jmo._.OmoetZm dUOmVlo>dm`m {dH$VrZo BVHo$
nN>mS>bo Amho H$s, OmVr` gH$amZo g_mOmMm Zme hmoVmo hm g>rMm {Z`_ Ag`mZo
Om{V^oX hm ""Zg{JH$'' Amho d hUyZ Vmo ""ajUr`'' XoIrb Amho Ago `mMo hUUo

16

hmoVo.

An`Vm {ZdmaUmMo `Z ho {ZgJ{Z`_m {d$X Ag`mMo `mMo _V hmoVo.

H$UdUu` Am{U {deofV: An`mgX^mV `m`m _ZmVbm de{dXof H$_mbrMm


C\$miyZ ~mhoa `oVmZm {XgVmo. ""Cm_ gH${V Cn H$a`mMr Am{U Vr XrKH$mb

{Q>H${d`mMr bm`H$sM `m dem_`| Zmhr!''17 Ago ^`H$a {dImar _V `V H$aVmZmM


Jmo. _. OmoetZr `mMm {ZX}e, ""gm_m{OH$ Am{U ~mpXH$Q>m dmT> Z Pmbobo dJ''
18

Am{U ""{Zdi _mZd new hUyZ dmdaUmao dJ'' Agm Ho bm Amho.

Jmo._.Omoet`m `m

19

gnwU {ddoMZmMm AmYma gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmX

Am{U AmZwdedmXr gwnOZZem hmM

Amho. OrdZH$bhmV JwUdmZ JQ>M {Q>Hy$Z amhVmV Am{U g~bmMr OmdXr d Xw~bmMr
nrN>ohmQ> ho g>r`m CH$mVrMo Vd ~o_mby_nUo Om{Vg_mOmda bmJy H$a`mMm `mZr
H$gmoerZo `Z Ho$bm Amho. dUOmV`dWog AZwbjwU gmoeb S>m{d{ZP_Mm hdmbm
XoVmZm,""Zg{JH$ {ZdS>r_`o Oo lo> AgVrb Vo {Q>H$Vrb Am{U Oo H${Z> AgVrb
20

`mMm Zme hmoBb.'' Agm `mMm hmoam hmoVm.

Om{V`dWm hr gwOZZmMr h_r XoUmar

gWm Amho Ago Vo _mZVmV `m_wio Om{Vg_mOmV ~mUmZm Oo lo>d ~hmb H$a`mV
Ambo Amho `mg~YrMo n{>H$aU XoVmZmhr Jmo. _. Omoer gwOZZemmMmM hdmbm
XoVmV d ~mUmMo ~mpXH$lo>d ho `mZm AmZwd{eH$VoVyZ mV Pmbo Ag`mMo
21

gmJVmV.

EImm bmoH$g_whmV _moR>m_mUmda hema, ~wpX_mZ bmoH$ AmT>iVmV `mMr

H$maUo `m g_mOg_whm`m AmZwd{eH$ aVewXrV/AewXrV qH$dm O{dH$ OZwH$m_`o


_wirM ZgVmV. hr gJir d{eQ>o g^modVbmMr n[apWVr Am{U gm_m{OH$- ^m{VH$
dmaemVyZ nmV Pmbobo ~mpXH$-gmH${VH$ ^mS>db `mda Adb~wZ AgVmV.
emr`Q>m gmH${VH$ dmaemMm O{dH$ dmaemer g~Y Agm`Mo H$maU Zmhr.
_mZdmMm O{dH$ dmagm hm _w`V: `m`m emar[aH$ ~m~ter g~{YV AgVmo Va gH$Vr
hr eara~m Aem A`KQ>H$mer {ZJ{S>V AgVo m dVwpWVrH$S>oo Jmo. _. Omoer
^VtZr hoVwnwaga

Xwbj Ho$bo Agmdo Ago {XgVo. aVeyXr, deeyXr d

gwOZZemm`m >rH$moZmVyZ Om{VMo g_WZ H$$ nmhUmam`m {VnmXZm{Vb


VH$Xw>Vm Am{U \$mobnUm `mMr S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amZr gS>oVmoS> {MH$sgm Ho$br
Amho. S>m. Am~oS>H$a hUVmV, Om{V`dWoXmam dm{eH$ {d^mOZ Xe{dbo OmV Zmhr.

Om{V`dWm hr g_mZ dem`m bmooH$mMo gm_m{OH$ {d^mOZ Xe{dVo... {d{^ de


hUOo _mZdOmVr`m dV no{eg (OmVr) ZgyZ Vo EH$mM Am{U EH$g_mZ Aem
10

OmVrMo {d{^ H$ma _m hmoV. Am{U hUyZM Vo AmnmngmV gH$a H$$Z Omonmrg
gj_ AgUm`m Am{U Orbm d`d Zmhr AemH$maMr Omonmr H$$ eH$VmV.22
AmZwd[eH$ ~mpXH$ lo>dmMo OmoaXma IS>U H$aVmZm S>m. Am~oS>H$amZr Mendel's
Principles of Heredity

`m JWmMo boIH$ mo. ~oQ>gZ `mZm CXYV Ho$bo Amho. mo. ~oQ>gZ

`m`m _Vo, '' CXOmMr ~mpXH$ j_Vm hr AmZwd{eH$ AgVo Ago gwMdyZ VrMo

Hw$R>`mVar EH$mM EH$ nXVrZo dhZ hmoVo Ago hU`mbm H mhrM AW Zmhr. ~mpXH$
Am{U emar[aH$eVr m XmohrMm {dH$mg hm Hw$R>`mhr EH$m AmZwd{eH$ KQ>H$m`m
^mdmnojmhr AZoH${dY KQ>H$m`m g`moJmVyZ e` hmoV AgVmo.23 gwOZZemmMm
{gXmV Om{V`dWog {H$Vr JabmJy R>aVmo `mda H$me Q>mH$VmZm S>m. Am~oS>H$amZr

OmV hUOo gwOZZmMr h_r Aer _mS>Ur H$aUm`m`m ^y{_Ho$`m `m`mM ^mfoV
{R>H$`m {R>H$`m CS>{d`m AmhoV. S>m. Am~oS>H$a hUVmV, \$io H$er CJdVmV `md$Z

PmS>mMr narjm H$am`bm hdr. Oa OmV hr gwOZZmMo _m`_ Agob Va VrZo H$em
H$ma`m _mZddemMr {Z{_Vr H$am`bm hdr? earaemm`m {>H$moZmVyZ ~mobm`Mo
Va qhXy ho

C3

XOmMo bmoH$ AmhoV. Vo {n_rdemMo, CMrZo ~wQ>Ho$ d IwaQ>bobo Am{U ~bhrZ

bmoH$ AmhoV. VgoM `m`mnH$s 9/10 bmoH$ g`^aVrH$[aVm A`mo` AmhoV Ago Kmo{fV
H$a`mV Ambo Amho.24
Cnamo$

{ddoMZmVwZ

n>

hmoVo

H$r

gm_m{OH$

S>m{dZdmX

Am{U

gwOZZemm`m AmYmao dUOmV`dWoMo Am{M` {gX H$$ nmhUm`m ~mUr


N>mdUrZo A`j[a`m S>m{dZ Am{U `m`m CH$mVr {gXmVmbm Amn`m godoV
am~{dbo Amho. m nmd^y_rda, dUOmV`dWo`m AmH$bZmgX^mV S>m{dZdmXmMo
`moJXmZ H$m` Agy eH$Vo `mMr ehm{Zem H$aUo _hdmMo R>$ eH$Vo. I`m AWmZo
AmYw{ZH$ _mZdmMr ( Homo sapiens sapiens (means Anatomically Modern Man) ) Cnmr
gw_mao XmoZ bmI dfmnydu Am{\$Ho$V Pmbr Ago _mZbo OmVo. ^maVr` CnIS>mV Vmo gw_mao
25

gmR> hOma dfmnojmhr ~aoM AmYr doeH$Vm Pmbm.

`mVwbZoV {dMma H$aVm

dUOmVgWm AJXrM ZdOmV Amho. dU`dWoMm B{Vhmg A{YH$m{YH$ mmS>o VrZ hOma
d OmVr`dWoMm B{Vhmg AS>rM hOma dfmnojm _mJo bmoQ>Vm `oV Zmhr. `mMmM AW Agm
H$s, B{Vhmgm`m EH$m {d{e> Q>`mda dUOmVgWm Adm^m{dH$[a`m CX`mg Ambr.
Xwgar ~m~ Aer H$s, dUOmV`dWoMo ApVd Ho$di ^maVr` CnIS>mnwaVoM _`m{XV
11

AgyZ {VMo ApVd OJmV BVa Hw$R>`mM _mZdr g_mOg_whmV AmT>iV Zmhr. VgoM
Vr \$V ~mUr Y_mnwaVrM _`m{XV Amho. (^maVmVrb {pMZ, _wgb_mZ, OZ, d
~mXm_`ohr OmVr AmT>iVmV nU `mg `m`m Y_memmV g_mr Zmhr hm \$aH$
bjmV `mdm!) AWmV {d{e> Aem gm_{OH$gKfmVyZ CXJ_ nmdbo`m gm_m{OH$
gaMZog d ~mUr Y_emmZr nwaH$[abo`m dUOmV`dWog _mZdOmVr`m O{dH$
CH$mVrMm ^mJ _mZUo ho ~mpXH$ {XdmiImoarMo d A{ddoH$snUmMo bjU Amho.
CH$mVrdmX gmJVmo H$s, gnwU _mZdOmV hr EHo$H$mi`m _mH$S>mnmgyZ CH$mV hmoV
Ambobr Amho. Aem H$mao gnwU _mZdOmVrMm CXJ_mooV Oa EH$g_mZ Agob Va
AmnmoAmnM Agm {ZH$f g_moa `oVmo H$s A` gJio ^oX (dU, OmV, Y_, de, ^mfm,
am B`mXr...>) Od{dkmZm`m {>H$moZmVyZ {ZaWH$ AmhoV. ho gJio ^oX H${_ d
dadaMo AgyZ VXO` C{ZMVm, {df_Vm Am{U emofUemgZmVyZ _wR>^a Aem
emofH$dJm`m

{hVg~YmMoM

VodT>o

ajU

hmoVo.

S>m{dZdmXm`m

H$gmoQ>rda

dUOmV`dWoMr Am{M`{hZVm Am{U {V`m g_WH$mMr ^nH$~mOr d _mZdmohr ZrVr


n> hmoVo. CH$mVr {gXmVm`m H$gmoQ>rda Om{VgWm hr Adm^m{dH$, Aemr`
Ag`mMo {gX hmoVo. VgoM CH$mVr{gXmV hm dUOmVg_WH$ Zg`mMo XoIrb n>
hmoVo.

OZwH$m`m H$memV CH$mVr {gXmV d OmV.

w_Z {OZmo_ [agM moOoQ>26 AVJV OZwH$s` gemoYZm`m AmYmao OJ^amV`m


_mZd g_yhmV KSy>Z Ambobo g{_lU VgoM doimodoir Pmbo`m `m`m WbmVaUmMm
A`mg hmVr KoVbm Amho. `m H$nmMm EH$ ^mJ hUyZ ^maVmVrb _mZd g_yh Am{U
Om{V`dWmH$ VarH$aU `m`mVrb AmVag~YmMm A`mg XoIrb H$a`mV Ambm.
`mVyZ Oo {ZH$f g_moa AmboV `mnH$s VwV MM}`m {>Zo _hdmMo {ZH$f nwT>rb
_mUo AmhoV... ""^maVmVbm Om{Vg_mO hm n{_r `wao{eAZ bmoH$mer H$_rA{YH$

n_mUmV ga{_gi Pmbo`m moQ>mo-E{e`Z g_whmMm Amho. VgoM ^maVr` CnIS> hm


Am{\$H$m, n{_ Am{e`m, Am{U Amo` Am{e`mVyZ `oUm`m WbmV[aVmgmR>r EH$ \$ma
_moR>m H$m[aS>ma hmoVm, Am{U ^maVmVrb OZwH$s` {dVaU ho IynM `m{_l d$nmMo AgyZ
EH$XarV ^maVr` ho `wamon, Am{e`m Am{U Am{\$Ho$Vrb bmoH$m`m H$_r A{YH$ g{_lUmZo
12

`wV

AmhoV.

nmMrZ

H$mimnmgyZ

OJ^amVyZ

{d{dY

^y-XoemVyZ

Ambo`m

WbmV[aVm_wio ^maV hm EH$ {_lder` Xoe ~Zbm- AWmV, `oWo H$moUVmhr de ewX
d$nmV ApVdmV ZgyZ, gnwU Om hr {_lder` Amho.''27 w_Z {OZmo_ [agM
mOoQ> _YyZ mV Pmbo`m m {ZH$fmg_moa deewXrMo Am{U dUOmV`dWmH$
lo>dmMo Xmdo gwnwUVm H$mogiyZ nS>VmV. VgoM dUOmV`dWm hr AZg{JH$ Am{U
Aemr` Ag`mMohr {gX hmoVo.

mMrZ H$mimnmgyZ hmoV Ambo`m gm_w{hH$

WbmVaUm_wio ~Xb`m ^mJmo{bH$ n[adofmV _mZdr g_mOg_whm`m ~maJ$nmV ~Xb


hmoV Jo`mMo {XgV Agbo Var noerg m AWmZo _mZdOmV EH$M AgyZ VrV [^Zd
Zg`mMoM {gX Pmbo Amho. ~m aJ$nmVrb d{eQ>m`m AmYmao Oo dm{eH$ [^d
Xe{dbo OmVo Vr d{eQ>o hUOo EImm _mZdg_whmMr JwUgnVm dm `mo`VmA`mo`Vm {ZpMVr H$aUmam {ZH$f R>$ eH$V ZmhrV. ~m aJ$nmVrb d{eQ>o BVH$s
Wyb, dadaMr, Am{U Xw`_ AgVmV H$s `mVwbZoV _mZdmMr Or Odemr` d{eQ>o
AmhoV Vr A{YH$ Zo_H$s, _yb^yV Am{U _hdmMr R>aVmV. H$maU Vr gdM
_mZdg_whm_`o EH$gmaIrM {XgyZ `oVmV. OZwH$s` gemoYZmMm {ZH$f gwXm VmoM
Amho. S>m{dZMo hUUo hmoVo H$s _mZdOmVrMr CH$mVr Am{\$H$m IS>mVrb EHo$ H$mi`m
_mH$S>m nmgyZ Pmbr Amho. `mZVa`m H$mimV {d{dY IS>m`m {XeoZo _mZdOmVrMo
WbmVaU KSy>Z Ambo. {OZmo_ [agM Zo _mZdmonmr`m Am{\$H$Z CXJ_mg, VgoM {d{dY
{XemZm Pmbo`m WbmVaUmg, Am{U dm{eH$ g{_lUm`m {gXmVmg XwOmoamM {Xbm
Amho.

0 0 0 0 0
Am^ma{ZX}e`mZr VwV {Z~YmMm {df` gwM{dbm d Ho$di `mMm AmJh hmoVm hUyZM _r
hm {Z~Y {bhZ nyU H$$ eH$bmo Ago m.S>m.a{d $p_Ur nT>arZmW, {Z~Ym`m
ma{^H$ _gwmV EH$ _hdmMr Xw$Vr gwM{dUmao H$m. Hw$_ma {eamiH$a VgoM hm {Z~Y
{b{hV AgVmZm `m`m gmo~V Pmbobr MMm Cn`wV R>abr Ago m. Eg. Amo. BJio, m.
S>m. {H$gZ nmQ>rb, d m. gr. nr. b^mUo `mMm _r Am^mar Amho.

13

gX^ d {Q>nm1

OrZmo_ [agM (http://www.genome.org) `m {Z`VH$mbrH$mZo Mmg S>m{dZ`m 200 dm


O_{Xdg Am{U `m`m on the Origin of Species `m JWmbm 150 df} nyU PmbrV
`m{Z{_mmZo EH$ {deofmH$ {gX Ho$bm Amho. hm {deofmH$ _mZdr CH$mVr, {ZgJ {ZdS>rMo Vd,
OZwH$s` {dkmZ,Am{U _mZdr g_mOg_whmMo WmZmVaU Aem gemoYZna {df`mda VwbZm_H$
H$me Q>mH$Vmo. {OZmo_ [agM {Z`VH$mbrH$mMm hm {deofmH$ hUOo, dkm{ZH$ gemoYZm`m jomV
AmOhr S>m{dZMo _hd H$go {Q>Hy$Z Amho `mMoM moVH$ hmo`.

Agm {gXmV W_V:(1802) _mS>bm Vmo bm_mH$ `mZo. 1836 gmbr Mmg S>m{dZ Amn`m {XK
gmJar g\$arhZ naVbm Am{U nwT>rb H$mhr df} Vmoo Ordg>r`m CH$mVr g~Yr`m boIZmV
`V amhrbm. {VH$S>o 1858 `m gw_mamg _bm`m _Yrb emk dmbog hm dVnUo gemoYZ
H$$Z S>m{dZ`mM {ZH$fmn`V `oD$Z nmoMbm hmoVm. O{dH$CH$mVr g~Yr {ddoMZ H$aUmam
Amnbm ~Y dmbogZo O|hm S>m{dZH$S>o AdbmoH$ZmW nmR>{dbm V|hm Hw$R>o S>m{dZZo KmB Ho$br d
dV:Mm JW H$m{eV H$obm. S>m{dZ d dmbog `m XmoKmMohr ~Y EH$mM doir OJmg_moa Ambo Agbo
Var CH$m{V{gXmVmMo OZH$d I`m AWmZo S>m{dZH$S>oM OmVo.
3

S>m{dZUrV CH$mVr{gXmVmMo {ddoMZ H$aVmZm Imbrb gX^gm{h`mMm Am{U H$mhr do~{bH$g


Mm Cn`moJ Pmbm `mda S>m{dZMo boIZ AmZbmBZ CnbY AmhoI. Darwin Charles, The Origin of Species,
http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/charles_darwin/origin_of_species
II. Darwin Charles, Descent of Man,
http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/charles_darwin/descent_of_man/
III. http://zinjanthropus.wordpress.com/2009/02/10/darwin-the-descent-of-man-and-humanevolution/
IV. http://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution.htm
V. gP{Jar ^mH$a, _mZdmMr H$hmUr, H$meH$-gw_Z gP{Jar, MmWr Amdmr, OmZo 1999.
4

gm_m{OH$ S>m{dZdmXmg~YrMoo {ddoMZ Imbrb do~qbH$g`m AmYmao H$a`mV Ambo Amho1. http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/eh4.shtml
2. http://www.allaboutscience.org/what-is-social-darwinism-faq.htm
3. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/evolit/s05/web1/mheeney.html
5

gwOZZemmg~YrMo {ddoMZ H$a`mgmR>r Imbrb do~qbH$gMm AmYma Ko`mV Ambm1. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195069/eugenics


2. http://personal.uncc.edu/jmarks/eugenics/eugenics.html
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics
4. http://www.emmerich1.com/EUGENICS.htm
6

nmSw>aJemr AmR>dbo `mZr dUOmVgWoMm ~Mmd H$a`mgmR>r H$emar{VZo gwOZZemmMm


Am{U N>X_{dkmZdmXmMm XmIbm {Xbm `mda H$me Q>mH$Umam eofamd _moao `mMm, _Zw_Vr`m
XmdUrbm S>m{dZ-_|S>b! hm boI AmOMm gwYmaH$`m S>m{dZ {deofmH$m`m n{h`m ^mJmV
(AmJQ> 2009, df 20-AH$ 5) {gX Pmbm Amho.
7

""AmYw{ZH$ `wOo{Zg emm_mUo `mVrb {gXmVmda OJmV Oa H$moR>o H$moUVr g_mOaMZm


Pmbr Agob Va Vr {Vr qH$dm _wgb_mZr g_mOmMr Zho, Va EH$ dUml_Y_m`m g_mOmMrM
hmo`; m {gXmVm_mUo CMmMo CMd ajU H$a`mgmR>r ZrMmMo "goJoJoeZ' hUOo XyarH$aU
hmM _mJ, Xwgam Zmhr; Am{U VmoM dUml_Y_m`m g_mOmV H$mQ>oH$moa arVrZo {Vnmi`mV Ambm
Amho. AWmV Aem g_mO`dWoV n`mn`^oX Cn hmoUo dm^m{dH$ Amho.''
amOm {XjrV `mMm boI, "Am{hVmr eH$a am_M amOdmS>o', gw_V `edV (gnm.),
''_hmam>mVrb Om{VgWm{df`H$ {dMma'', {V_m H$meZ, nwUo, n. 138.
8

I. Vo (gmdaH$a) Ago hUVmV H$s, "MmVwd`m`m qH$dm Om{V^oXm`m gd _w` H$mam`m _wimer
AmZwd{eH$ JwU{dH$mgmMo gdgm_m` Ago _w` Vd' Amho. ho Vd "OZ{hVH$maH$' AgyZ,
`m`m CnH$maH$ dmr`m nw`mB`m d{e`mdaM AmOda hr gWm (=OmVr^oX) OJV
Ambr' `m gdmV ho Vd "IamoIaM _hdmMo' Amho Agohr Vo (gmdaH$a) gmJVmV.
dgV ni{eH$a `mMm boI, ''Om`wN>oXH$ {Z~Y d gmdaH$amMo An`Vm-{ZdmaH$ H$m`'',
gw_V `edV, (gnm.)''_hmam>mVrb Om{VgWm{df`H$ {dMma'', {V_m H$meZ, nwUo, n.161

14

II. gmdaH$a ho de d dUlo>ddmXr H$go hmoVo `mMm nam_e KoVmZm dgV nierH$a
hUVmV,""H$mhr JwU lo>, H$mhr H$_} lo>, Aer `mMr YmaUm H$m`_M hmoVr. `m`m
`m`mnmer lo> JwUgnXm, d Omo Omo CVa H$_} H$aVmo Vmo Vmo lo> Agmdm, `m`m nXamV
A{YH$ma, gmm, bm^ B`mXr Jmo>r OmV _mUmV nS>m`mV, Am{U Aem JwUmMr AmZwd{eH$
dmT> gVV H$amdr d Vr H$a`mgmR>r gwOZZemm`m {>Zo Amd`H$ `m ~Xr Agm`mVM,
hm `mMm {gXmV hmoVm. Ago JwU AZwdemZo mV hmoV AgVmV, Am{U gwOZZmXmam Vo
dmT>drV ZoVm `oVmV, hr `mMr g_OyVhr R>m_ hmoVr.'' gw_V `edV, n.166-167
9

`edV gw_V gnm{XV _hmam>mVrb Om{VgWm{df`H$ {dMma ( {V_m H$meZ, nwUo) m


JWmV gwhmg nierH$a `mZr Jmo. _. Omoer `m`m Om{V{df`H$ {dMmamMr naIS> {M{H$gm Ho$br
Amho. `m`m m boIm_wio _mPo bj Jmo. _. OmoetZr {b{hbo`m qhXyMo g_mOem m JWmH$S>o
doYbo Jobo.
10

Omoer, Jmo. _., qhXyMo g_mOaMZmem, H$meH$- {ddZmW _hmXod Omoer, nwUo, 1934 n. 157
11

Omoer Jmo. _., n. 157-60


12

Omoer Jmo. _., n. 168


13

O_ Am{U YXm `m XmoZ VdmZ| Om{V ~mYbr Jobr Ag`m_wio Am{U _w` ^a
AmZwdemda Ag`m_wi|, rZ| Amn`m Om{V~mhoarb nw$fmH$Sy>Z Omon{m H$$Z KoD$ Z`o, Aer
g_mOemkmMr BN>m AgU| gmh{OH$ Amho. hr Om{V pWa R>od`mH$[aVm ~mb{ddmh Am{U
An`Vm({Z` Am{U Z{V{mH$) `m XmoZhr VdmMm \$ma Cn`moJ Amho. rM| _Z \$mH$`m`m
gw_mambmM... {Vbm ghMa {ZdSy>Z {Xbm Va Om{VgH$amH$S>o H$_r d{m hmoBb, Ago
qhXwg_mOemkmMo _V Amho.
Omoer Jmo. _. n. 370-71
14

gwOmemmMm _w` hoVw hmoVH$$ ghMamMr g`m _`m{XV H$aU| hm Amho. Vmo hoVw S>mo`mnwT>|
R>odbm AgVm, nyU dmT> Pmbobr r g_mOmV dmd$ bmJbr, {Vbm nyU dmV` Agb|, Va Vr
Amn`m OmVtVM {ddmh H$arb `m Jmo>rMr h_r H$moU XoD$ eHo$b? gwOmem H$mhr dmT>bo`m
`oH$ rbm H$i`mBVH|$ gmon| Zmht. mT>{ddmh, r{ejU, An`Vm{ZdmaU dJao dada
Jm|S>g {XgUmat, naVw AVr ZmeH$ Aet Vd| gmJUo hUOo qhXyZr `m Vdmda g_mOaMZm Ho$br
Amho, `m VdmZmM haVmi \$mg`mgmaI| Amho. Aem Vh|Mt _yb aMZoet {dgJV Z{VH$ _y`|
nga{dU| UOo g_mOgwYmaUm Zho Am{U Vr nga{dUmao g_mOgwYmaH$hr ZhoV.
Omoer Jmo. _. n. 370-71
15

Omoer, Jmo. _. n.106-07


16

Omoer, Jmo. _. n.108


17

Omoer, Jmo. _., n.140-141


18

Omoer, Jmo. _. n.,141


19

""g>rMm Agm hoVw {XgyZ `oVmo H$r, AZV Ord {Z_mU H$$Z`mVrb Oo H$moUVo n[apWVret
{Q>H$md Y$Z ahm`mbm bm`H$ ZgVrb, `mMm Zme H$$Z Q>mH$md`mMm. hUOo Oo Amn`m
~bmda OrdV am{hbo Vo, AWmVM Z> Pmbo`m OrdqnS>mnojm H$moU`mVar JwUmMo ~m~qVV lo>
AgUma. `m n{H$`o_`| XmoZ Jmo>r JhrV Yabo`m AmhoV. n{hbr hUOo, OodT>m OrdmMo
^aUnmofU H$a`mBVH|$ AmN>mXZ {_iV Agob `mnojm OmV Ord Cn Pmbo nm{hOoV. _J
`m`m_`o OrdZmW H$bh hmoD$Z `mnH$s g~b-Xw~bmMr {ZdS> hmd`mg nm{hOo. hUOo g~b
V|dT>o {eH$ ahmVrb.''
Omoer Jmo. _. n. 113
20

Omoer Jmo. _. n 153


21

'' ~mUmZr eoXmoZeo {nT>m ~wpXYmZ H$m_| Ho$bt Ag`mH$maUmZ|, `m`m_`o `m JwUmbm
bm`H$ AerM emara Am{U _mZgaMZm (mechanism) V`ma Pmbobr Amho Am{U Vr da

15

XmI{d`m_mU| h| Vd Ia| _mZ`mg Vrddmbm Jobr AgbrM nm{hOo. dH$s` YXm H$aUm`m
`pV`m _|Xy_`| dH$s` kmZmbm bm`H$ AgoM \$aH$ nS>V OmV Agbo nm{hOoV.''
Omoer Jmo. _. n. 126
22

Am~oS>H$a ~r. Ama., A{Z{hboeZ Am\$ H$mQ>, S>m. ~m. Am. am`qQ>J AS> nrMog, IS> 1,
E`wHo$eZ {S>nmQ>_|Q> JhZ_|Q> Am\$ _hmam>, 1979, n.49.
23

Am~oS>H$a ~r. Ama., A{Z{hboeZ Am\$ H$mQ>, S>m. ~m. Am. am`qQ>J AS> nrMog, IS> 1,
E`wHo$eZ {S>nmQ>_|Q> JhZ_|Q> Am\$ _hmam>, 1979, n.49-50.
24

Am~oS>H$a ~r. Ama., A{Z{hboeZ Am\$ H$mQ>, S>m. ~m. Am. am`qQ>J AS> nrMog, IS> 1,
E`wHo$eZ {S>nmQ>_|Q> JhZ_|Q> Am\$ _hmam>, 1979, n.50
25

h~r~ B\$mZ, {{hQ>r- nrng {hQ>r Am\$ BS>r`m : 1, VybrH$m H$meZ, Zdr {Xbr, 2001,
n.21- 47
26

~m_emX _m`Ho$b Am{U BVa `mMm boI, Oo{Z{Q>H$ BhrS>g AmZ X Am[a{Og Am\$ BS>r`Z H$mQ>

nm`wboeg,

{OZmo_

[agM,

(OwZ

2001),

IS>

XmoZ,

AH$

ghm,

n.

994-1004.

(www.genome.org)
27

BJio Xodo `mMm boI, OZwH$s` gemoYZ, dU-Om{Vg_mO d _yb{Zdmgr ~hOZdmX, g_mO
~moYZ n{H$m, Owb-gQ>|~a 2008, AH$ : 183, n.275-277)

0 0 0 0 0

16

You might also like