Case Study Of Buildings with Radiant cooling

By : Sagar.N (Manager – Green Initiative , Infosys)

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Environmental sustainability goals

Infosys goals at UN:
HVAC
 Make Infosys Carbon neutral by 2018
 Reduce per capita energy by 50% by 2018 (compared to 2008)
 Source 100% of electricity from renewables by 2018
Lighting Architects

Green Initiatives team :

 Specialists in respective fields: Lighting, HVAC, Building Green
management systems, Water, Architecture, Waste, Biodiversity, team
etc.
 Practice frugal engineering Water
Automation
 Question every assumption Mgmt.
 Validation through M&V
Waste
Mgmt.
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Growth from 2008 to 2015

890 Million kWh avoided
0.75 Million Tons of CO2 emissions avoided
120%
100 Million USD electricity bills avoided

Current infrastructure:
13% Total 40 million sq.ft. of space in India
Increase in no. Absolute 176,000+ employees in Apr 2015
of employees Increase in
in India
15 campuses across India
energy
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Energy Efficiency – kWh / employee per month

Average Per capita Electricity consumption
350
297
300
266 46%reduction
Monthly kWh / employee

250 239 230

203
200 178
167 159
150

100

50

0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

46% reduction in per capita energy consumption in last 7 years

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Infosys – New design and performance benchmarks

Infosys design – Infosys new
Performance metric % Improvement
2007-08 design
Total building energy
1 200 kWh/m2/year 75 kWh/m2/year 70%
consumption (EPI)

2 Lighting design 1.2 W/sqft 0.48 W/sqft 60%

Air-conditioning design
3 350 sqft per TR 750 sqft per TR 53%
(Reduction in heat load)
Total building electrical
4 6.5 W/sqft 3.5 W/sqft 46%
design
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Benchmarking of Infosys buildings with RMI (highest) standards

US India

Design target Units Existing (US) Better Amory Lovins Infosys

Building energy consumption kWh/sqm-y 200 125-60 <95 <80
Lighting Power Density: Design W/sqft 1.5 0.8 0.4-0.6 0.45-0.6
Lighting Power Density: Operational W/sqft 1.5 0.6 0.1-0.3 <0.15
Installed computers/appliances.. W/sqft 4-6 1-2 <0.5 <0.7
Window glass R-value m2 K/W 0.18 – 0.35 1-1.7 ≥3.5 >1
Window glass (Light to Heat ratio) VLT/SHGC 1 1.2 >2.0 >2.0
Installed mechanical cooling sqft/ton 250-350 500-600 1200-1400+ 750 - 1000
Cooling system efficiency kW/ton 1.9 1.2-1.5 <0.6 <0.59

*RMI :Rocky Mountain Institute

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Impact of new design on capital and operating cost

Infrastructure required for 1 million sqft,
Sl. No. System Description Units Infosys new Infosys old Conventional
designs designs

01 Total electrical load MW 3.5 6.5 10.0

02 Transformer capacity MVA 4.0 7.5 12.0

03 DG set capacity MVA 5+2.5 9+3 15+3

04 Annual energy consumption Million kWh 7.5 20 25

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Benefit of efficient design on capital and operating cost for India

Indian context:
• 2/3rd of India of 2030 is yet to be built (McKinsey report)
• For 10 billion sq.ft. of commercial space expected by 2030, Infosys
design standards can save 45,000 MW of installed capacity of power
plants
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Industry leadership
 5.3 million sqft of highest rated green buildings in India -
− 14 of our buildings have achieved LEED platinum rating, making us no.1 in India for office buildings. (Platinum is
highest level in LEED green building rating).

 1.7 million sqft of area currently undergoing LEED/GRIHA certification

− 7 of our buildings are in different stages of LEED certification

 4 of our buildings have achieved GRIHA 5-star rating (highest level in the MNRE National rating for
Green Buildings)

 2.6 million sqft of Radiant cooled buildings

 Infosys buildings have an annual Energy Performance Index of 80 kWh/m2/year, lowest in the
industry

 Filed for a patent on a new cooling technology developed in-house (RADIFLUX)

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Our approach
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Integrated and goal oriented design approach

HVAC Goal Lighting Goal Water Goal

 LPD of 0.45 W/sqft  15 LPD of fresh water for

G  Max envelope heat gain 0.75 W/sqft
O  Total building @ 750-1000 sqft/TR  90% of building to be day lit > 110 lux office building
A  No Glare throughout the year  Zero discharge
 25 0C, 55% RH
L  100% self sufficient

 Architects  Architects  PHE Engineers

T  Facade Specialists  Facade Specialists  Architects
E  IT Specialists  Lighting Specialists  Landscape Architects
A  HVAC Engineers  Electrical Designers
M
 Lighting Specialists

Multi disciplinary team put together to achieve common goal

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10%
Optimization strategy Reduce
Heat
Gain
10%
Continuous Energy 5%
monitoring simulation

Results in ‘4x’ Efficient

HVAC
reduction in air 10%
Control
strategy Optimization
heat
transfer 10%
mechanism
conditioning
energy
Efficient Efficient
equipment system
8%
Equipment 15%
configuration

7%
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Building shape and orientation

 Passive design: Right orientation - Restricted building span to 18 m

Window-wall ratio < 30%

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Envelope heat gain < 0.75 W/sq.ft

 External heat gain in building to be less than 0.75 W/sq.ft 35 0C 25 0C

- Wall insulation with R value of 10 Outdoor Indoor

2.0 W/m2 deg K

- Roof insulation with R value of 15

• Window-wall ratio < 30%

Heat ingress through standard wall
– Low SHGC of 0.2 with low e glass. Double glazed unit with
argon gas to achieve R value of 5.5
35 0C 25 0C
– Glazing completely shaded Outdoor Indoor

0.40 W/m2 deg K

Heat ingress through insulated wall

5 times more efficient

High tech High performance

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Day lighting and Glare control – Glass and shading

Day light pane

External shading

Smart glazing

View pane

Interior light shelf

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Day lighting – shading strategy implementation

West façade
with no windows

SDB-1, Infosys Hyderabad campus

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Day lighting – Interior light shelf

To take daylight deeper into floors

Daylight panel

Vision panel

Light shelves for deeper penetration of day light

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Natural light in offices • Provides pleasant office space

• Improves employee health
• Improves employee productivity
• Addresses Vitamin D deficiency
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Use of simulation software for designs

Daylight analysis Shading and glare analysis Building envelope analysis

N-S oriented. Building floor plate : 16m Master plan analysis

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Smart building systems

1. Use automated energy saving strategies/logics
- every single electrical motor in the building uses an energy saving strategy

2. Manage energy by detail – for lighting, computing and plug loads

- floor-wise and wing-wise energy monitoring for lighting, computing and plug
loads for granular energy control, identification of wastage

3. Continuous M&V, continuous commissioning

- measures energy as well as efficiency for all hvac and ups for continuous
verification and improvement Example of demand controlled ventilation.
Building only uses as much fresh air as
required based on occupancy / CO2 sensing
4. Deliver highest standards of indoor air quality (IAQ)
- Demand controlled ventilation to maintain IAQ with minimal energy
consumption
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Smart building systems

5. Provides data to optimize future building designs
- records peak value of W/sqft on hvac, lighting, computing and main incomer to migrate from thumb rule
engineering to performance data driven engineering

6. Allow equipment and system level diagnostics and corrections

e.g extensive measurement on ahus allow identification of low flows, malfunctioning valves, fans, coils,
filters, etc.

7. Enables trending and data analytics

- e.g. trends to analyze historical operation of VAVs, AHUs, Chiller plants.

8. Water efficiency
- monitors water consumption on hourly, daily and monthly basis for optimization
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Managing wastage by granular energy monitoring

Helps
manage
floor wise
energy
wastage

 Working on SMS alerts for energy wastage

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Continuous verification, continuous auditing
- Design Vs Actual

Constant
monitoring to
get design
efficiencies

 Allows performance based management for maintenance contracts

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SMS alerts for critical alarms

Alert condition Preconfigured SMS alerts in BMS
DDC

Controller

SMS Gateway
in cloud
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Remote monitoring through Command Center

Command center at Infosys Bangalore to monitor, manage and optimize resources usage
Analysis
• Building: Software Development Block (SDB) -1, Hyderabad

• Total area: 240,000 sqft (excluding central wing, which is not occupied)

− Conventional side: 120,000 sqft

− Radiant side: 120,000 sqft

− Total occupancy: 2600

− Conventional side: 1340

− Radiant side: 1260

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HYDERABAD SDB-1
First radiant cooled commercial building in India
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Efficient Heat transfer mode and medium

Pumping Air Vs. Water for
Heat Capacity of this volume of air same cooling capacity

Heat Capacity of this volume of water

Water has 3400 times more heat carrying

capacity than air for the same volume Pumping cost is 7.5 times lower
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Efficient system - Radiant cooling

 Requires 75% less air compared to conventional systems

 30% more efficient than conventional HVAC systems

 Higher thermal comfort on account of better mean radiant

temperature

 Highest indoor air quality

 Radiant system equipment requires lesser space

Radiant pipes

Radiant slab
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Infosys case study - Radiant cooling

• Radiant cooling for the first time in India

• SDB-1 (Hyderabad SEZ) has 2 identical halves, one with radiant

cooling and the other with conventional air conditioning

• This building is today the biggest demonstration of cooling

technology comparison

Radiant slab

Cooling energy consumption (kWh/m2/year)

AIR-CONDITIONING RADIANT COOLING 120
100
100
80
60
35
40 25
20
0
Standard Air- Efficient Air- Radiant cooling
conditioning conditioning
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Live Energy Data

HVAC energy breakup
Radiant side
Conventional side
Total HVAC energy: 267,000 kWh
Total HVAC energy: 428,000 kWh
HVAC Energy index: 26.1 kWh/SQM
HVAC Energy index: 38.4 kWh/SQM

Air Handlers
13%
Cooling towers
3%
Air Handlers
30%

Chillers Pumps
Chillers / DX
60% 13%
unit
71%
Cooling towers
3%
Pumps
7%

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Cost comparison (Conventional Vs. Radiant)
Conventional system Radiant system

Chiller 3145200 3145200

Cooling tower 1306400 1306400

HVAC low side 22838756 15310396

AHUs, DOAS, HRW 5118200 2878900

Radiant piping, accessories, installation, etc. 0 9075760

BMS 6184000 6584000

Total cost (Rs.) 38592556 38300656

Area (sq.ft.) 120000 120000

Rs./sq.ft. 322 319

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Key Points in Implementing Radiant Slab

• No condensation has happened in last 5 years.
a) Average water temp to control the manifolds

b) Room dew point is over ride for manifold control

c) Space temp to control PIBCV

d) Condensation sensor installed in the shaft override

e) Dehumidified air to control the dew point in space with

VAV/thermafusers/slot diffusers

• Only 2 Punctures recorded in last 5 years. (Initial period)

• Capex and Opex is lower.

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Learnings - Radiant Slab

• Radiant pipes to be kept under pressure of 3 – 4 kg/cm2 always during installation

• Manifolds to be preferably at the peripheral area

• Two separate controls for peripheral area near glass and work station area

• No radiant slab for meeting rooms/cabins – Design with air

• Not very Flexibile - All services to be planned during designed stage

• Additional drilling is difficult.

• Acoustics is a challenge - Infosys has no issues since there is no voice based operations
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Radiant Panels cooling our Buildings

Published in Construction World Vol 17
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Radiant Panel Based Cooling

• We are the first in India to implement the
radiant panel based cooling system.
• Pipes are embedded in panels of modular
sizes like ceiling tiles,
• These panels are interconnected to allow
chilled water flow .
• Cooling is achieved when the Hot source
radiate directly to the cold ceiling.
• Fresh air is supplied through an air
system that maintains pleasant indoor air
quality.
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Learnings - Radiant Panels

• Flexible in design when compared to slab.

• Piping/ joints/ pressure drops are very high

• Acoustics is a challenge

• Expensive when compared with Slab

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DIY Approach by Infosys

• Panels should be very flexible

• Piping and joints should be minimal

• Acoustics is addressed

• Should not be expensive than Slab.

• Ease of installation and maintenance

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DIY Integrated Design Approach by Infosys

• Indoor air quality

• Thermal comfort

• Visual comfort

• Acoustic comfort

• Sustainable solution
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Infosys in-house radiant panels

 Developed by Infosys in-house team
 Tested and certified for its performance as per international standards in WSP
lab Germany
 Produces twice the capacity and less cost , compared to current solutions in
the market
 Produces 193 W/m2 at 10 K delta T as per EN14240 standards
 Radiant cooling is 30% more efficient than conventional system
 Patent filed in US, Europe and India
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Capacity Graph – EN14240 standards

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RADIFLUX
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KEY Features of RADIFLUX

 Monolithic and flexible in design
 Gives architects liberty in Ceiling designs – Ceilings can be designed with different
shapes and colors

 Highest capacity in class

 Highest Air quality
 Lesser connections in the system
 Ease of Installation and maintenance
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Any questions ???

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Contact Details:

Sagar.N
E mail : [email protected]
Phone : +91 7829918739
 Thank You

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