GBT13752 1992en

GB/T 13752-92
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T13752-1992

www.ChineseStandard.net
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

UDC 621.873.001.63
P 97
GB/T 13752-92
Design rules for tower cranes

塔式起重机设计规范
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Issued on: November 5, 1992 Implemented on: May 1, 1993

Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
www.ChineseStandard.net Page 1 of 156

GB/T 13752-92
Table of Contents
1 Subject content and scope of application ................................................... 4
2 Normative references ................................................................................. 4
3 Symbols and codes .................................................................................... 5
4 General ...................................................................................................... 8
5 Structure ................................................................................................... 27
6 Mechanism ............................................................................................... 54
7 Electric ..................................................................................................... 79
Annex A (Supplement) Numerical table data for the stability calculation of the
structural members subjected to axial compression and the
bending structural members .......................................................................... 90
Annex B (Supplement) Table for the fatigue strength calculation of the
structures ....................................................................................................... 95
Annex C (Reference) Examples for the working levels of the tower cranes . 100
Annex D (Reference) Estimation method of the hoisting impact factor 1 .... 101
Annex E (Reference) Load generated by the acceleration (deceleration) of
the transmission mechanism........................................................................ 103
Annex F (Reference) Selection of the rail and wheel combination ............... 107
Annex G (Reference) Determination of the axial force FN ............................ 108
Annex H (Reference) Calculated length factor μ .......................................... 110

GB/T 13752-92
Annex I (Reference) Calculation equation for the bending moment coefficient
CH of the transverse load ............................................................................. 121
Annex J (Reference) Stress amplitude method for the
fatigue strength calculation of the structure ................................................. 124
Annex K (Reference) Standard load spectrum for the mechanism of the tower
crane ............................................................................................................ 127
Annex L (Reference) Examples for the working levels of the tower crane’s
mechanism .................................................................................................. 128
Annex M (Reference) JC, Z values in the selection calculation of the
motor capacity for the tower crane’s mechanism ......................................... 129
Annex N (Reference) Motor overload checking ........................................... 130
Annex O (Reference) Heat checking of the asynchronous motors .............. 132
Annex P (Reference) Stability checking of the oil cylinders ......................... 134
Annex Q (Reference) Method of determining the fatigue strength limit σrk .. 136
Annex R (Reference) Allowable physical quantity of the
commonly used friction surface material ...................................................... 142
Annex S (Reference) Selection coefficient C of the wire rope...................... 143
Annex T (Reference) Calculation method of the reel wall thickness ............ 144
Annex U (Reference) Calculation method of the slewing bearing selection . 147
Annex V (Reference) Current carrying capacity of the wire ......................... 153

GB/T 13752-92
Design rules for tower cranes
1 Subject content and scope of application
This Standard specifies the basic criteria and calculation methods that the
design calculation for tower cranes should follow. All other calculation methods
that are proved to be correct and reliable by theory and practice can also be
used.
This Standard is applicable to various types of power-driven tower cranes for

various uses.
This Standard is not applicable to the tower cranes converted by auto, tyre and
crawler cranes.
2 Normative references
GB 699 Quality carbon structural steels - Technical conditions
GB 700 Carbon structural steels
GB 755 Rotating electrical machines - General technical requirements
GB 985 Basic forms and sizes of weld grooves for gas welding, manual arc
welding and gas-shielded arc welding
GB 986 Basic forms and sizes of weld grooves for submerged arc welding
GB 998 Basic testing method of low voltage apparatus
GB 1591 Low alloy structural steels
GB 10051.1 Lifting hooks - Mechanical properties, lifting capacities, stresses

and materials
GB 1231 Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large
hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structure
GB 1300 Steel wires for welding
GB 3077 Alloy structure steel - Technical requirements
GB 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs

GB/T 13752-92
GB 3323 Methods for radiographic inspection and classification of

radiographs for fusion welded butt joints in steel
GB 3632 Sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain
washer for steel structures
GB 3811 Design rules for cranes
GB 5117 Carbon steel covered electrodes
GB 5118 Low alloy steel electrodes
GB 5144 Safety rules for construction tower cranes
GB 10054 Builder’s hoist - Specification
GB 10055 Safety code for builder’s hoist
GB 11352 Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose
JJ 3 Design rules for construction winches
JJ 12.1 Specification for welding quality of construction machinery
TJ 7 Code for design of industrial and civil building foundation
JJ 40 Fixed fill fluid coupling for tower cranes
JJ 75 Lifting equipment - Design requirements of the hook anti-off pawl
3 Symbols and codes
3.1 Loads
F - Concentrated load, force;
p - Pressure;
M - Bending moment, moment;
T - Torque.
3.2 Limit values for checking
σ - Calculated tensile and compressive stresses;
[σ] - Allowable stress of the materials;

GB/T 13752-92
σs - Yield point of the materials;
σb - Tensile strength of the materials;
σ0.2 - Test stress when the residual strain of the standard tensile test for
materials is up to 0.2%;
τ - Calculated shear stress;
[τ] - Allowable shear stress of the materials;
σrk - Fatigue strength limit;
E - Elastic modulus of the materials;
[λ] - Allowable slenderness ratio of the structural members;
λ - Slenderness ratio of the structural members;
σs - Maximum calculated tensile and compressive stress amplitudes;
τa - Maximum calculated shear stress amplitude;
[σa] - Allowable tensile and compressive fatigue stress amplitudes;
[τa] - Allowable shear fatigue stress amplitude.
3.3 Geometric parameters
l, L - Length, distance;
h - Height;
D, d - Diameter;
R, r - Radius;
b - Width;
e - Eccentricity;
Ia - Cross-sectional moment of inertia;
J - Moment of inertia;
W - Section bending modulus of the structural members;
A - Windward area of the structure, cross-sectional area of the structural

members;

GB/T 13752-92
P - Thread pitch, rope groove pitch;
δ - Thickness;
ᇞ - Displacement;
θ - Angle;
V - Volume.
3.4 Calculation coefficients
K, k - Dimensionless coefficient;
Kn - Safety factor;
Kf - Load spectral coefficient;
Ks - Structural stress spectral coefficient;
Km - Mechanism load spectral coefficient;
μ - Friction coefficient, length coefficient of the structural members;
α, β, f - Coefficients;
Cδ - Flexibility;
CW - Wind coefficient;
C - Wire rope selection coefficient;
C0 - Reduction factor of unequal end bending moment;
CH - Transverse load bending moment coefficient;
ω - Structural filling rate;
 - Windshield reduction factor;
 - Stability coefficient of the structural members subjected to axial compression;
ψ - Correction factor of axial compression stability;
W - Lateral buckling stability factor of the bending structural members;
1 - Hoisting impact factor;
2 - Hoisting dynamic load factor;

GB/T 13752-92
a. For Item a. in the normal operation above, CALCULATE vh according to the

maximum slewing speed at which the motor is unloaded, and DETERMINE
2e.
b. For Item b. in the normal operation above, CALCULATE vh according to more

than 0.5 times the maximum slewing speed at which the motor is unloaded,
and DETERMINE 2e.
4.2.1.2.3 CONSIDER the dynamic load generated when the suspended

hoisting item is suddenly completely or partially unloaded. TAKE the unloading
impact factor 3 multiplied by the hoisting load FQ into consideration.
CALCULATE according to the Equation (3).
Where:
ᇞm - Unloaded hoisting mass, kg;
m - Hoisting mass, kg.
4.2.1.3 Running impact factor
When the tower crane or its hoisting car is running, the collision load generated
due to the unevenness of the track is taken into consideration by the running
impact factor 4 multiplied by the deadweight load Fg and the hoisting load FQ.
SELECT 4 according to Table 7.
Table 7 Running Impact Factor 4

Running speed, m/s Impact factor 4
≤1 1.1
>1 1.2
4.2.1.4 Load caused by the acceleration (deceleration) of the

transmission mechanism
a. The load in the load bearing structure or mechanism, due to the acceleration
(deceleration) of the transmission mechanism (such as mechanism startup
or braking), can be calculated by means of rigid body dynamics. SEE Annex
E (reference). During calculation, it is assumed that the hoisting mass is fixed
at the end of the boom or on the crane carriage.
b. In order to consider the impacts of the elastic vibration of the system in the
process of acceleration (deceleration) on the load increase, the load variation
ᇞF caused by the driving force of the transmission mechanism shall be

GB/T 13752-92
FW - Wind load acting on the tower crane and the item (FW1, FW2), N;
CW - Wind coefficient, determined according to Article 4.2.2.1.3;
pW - Calculated wind pressure, calculated according to Article 4.2.2.1.2, Pa;
A - Windward area perpendicular to the wind direction, calculated according to

Article 4.2.2.1.4, m2.
When determining the load combination, it is assumed that the wind load acts
on the most unfavorable position.
4.2.2.1.2 Calculated wind pressure pW
a. In the open area, the relationship between the wind pressure and the wind
speed at a height of 10m from the ground can be calculated according to the
Equation (5).
Where:
pW - Calculated wind pressure, Pa;
vW - Wind speed, m/s.
b. Calculated wind pressure under operating condition can be divided into two
categories: pW1 and pW2.
pW1 refers to the calculated wind pressure under normal operating condition,
which is used for selecting the resistance calculation of the motor power as well
as the fatigue strength and heat checking of the mechanical parts. pW1 = 150Pa.
pW2 refers to the maximum calculated wind pressure under operating condition,
which is used for calculating the strength, stiffness and stability of the
mechanical parts and metal structures, and for checking the overload capacity
and overall anti-tipping stability of the transmission. pW2 = 250Pa.
In special cases, such as for special purposes or for the areas with stronger
wind, higher calculated wind pressure value can be specified according to the
agreement between the user and the manufacturing plant.
4.2.2.1.3 Wind coefficient CW
a. Wind coefficient CW of the monolithic structure and single component shall

be selected according to Table 8.

GB/T 13752-92
b. For the spatial structure composed of two parallel plane trusses, the wind
coefficient of the monolithic structure can be taken as that of the overall
structure, while the total windward area is calculated according to Article
4.2.2.1.4.
c. Wind blows in the diagonal direction of the spatial structure of the rectangular
cross section. When the side ratio of the rectangular cross section is less
than 2, the wind load is taken as 1.2 times the wind force acting on the long
side of the rectangle. When the side ratio of the rectangular cross section is
greater than or equal to 2, the wind load is taken as the wind force acting on
the long side of the rectangle.
d. The wind load of the spatial structure of the triangular cross section is
calculated as 1.25 times the wind force of the projection area perpendicular
to the wind direction.
e. For the spatial structure of the triangular cross section (such as horizontal
beam boom) whose upper and lower chord members are square steel tubes
and whose web members are circular steel tubes, under the action of lateral
wind, TAKE the wind coefficient CW = 1.3.
4.2.2.1.4 Windward area A
The windward area is calculated by the projection area of the structural member
on the plane perpendicular to the wind direction.
a. The windward area A of the monolithic structure can be calculated according

to the Equation (6).
A = ωA1 (6)
Where:
A - Windward area of the structure, m2;
ω - Structural filling rate, selected according to Table 9;
A1 - Structure outline area, as shown in Figure 1, m2.
b. For two pieces of same type of parallel structures with equal height, the
windshield action of the front piece to the posterior piece shall be taken into
account. The total windward area is calculated according to the Equation (7).
Table 8 Wind Coefficient CW of the Monolithic Structure

Serial No. Structural style CW
1 Plane trusses made of shape steel (filling rate ω = 0.3 to 0.6) 1.6

GB/T 13752-92
> 20 to 100 1 100

> 100 1 300
Note: ① In the table, pW3 = 800Pa is equivalent to the wind pressure value in Shanghai.
② In special cases, if using in the areas where larger windstorms are likely to occur, higher
calculated wind pressure may be specified according to the agreement between the user and
the manufacturing plant.
4.2.3.2 Test load Ft
The test load refers to the overload load acting on the tower crane during the
performance test, which is divided into static test load Fst and dynamic test load
Fdt.
The static test load Fst is calculated according to 1.25 times the rated hoisting
capacity; while the dynamic test load Fdt is calculated according to 1.1 times the
rated hoisting capacity.
During calculation, the dynamic test load Fdt shall be multiplied by the dynamic
load factor 6. 6 is calculated according to the Equation (10).
6 = 0.5 (1 + 2n) (10)
Where:
2n - Hoisting dynamic load factor, SEE Article 4.2.1.2.
4.2.3.3 Collision load Fc
When the tower crane or crane carriage is in collision with the buffer, the
collision load Fc acting on the structure is calculated according to the kinetic
energy absorbed by the buffer. TAKE the running speed of the tower crane or
crane carriage before the moment of collision as 0.7 to 1.0 times the maximum
normal operating speed. A small value is taken when a reliable automatic
deceleration control device is provided.
The collision load Fc can be calculated according to a rigid body motion model
(regardless of the effects of the suspended item) and multiplied by the elastic
vibration load factor 7 to consider the effects of the system’s elastic vibration.
For the spring buffers commonly used by the tower cranes, 7 can be taken as
1.25; for other buffers, 7 can be selected between 1.25 and 1.6 according to
its performance.
4.2.3.4 Loads caused by sudden shutdown

GB/T 13752-92
The loads caused by sudden shutdown (such as power outage) shall be

calculated according to the provisions of Article 4.2.1.4. During calculation,
CONSIDER according to the mechanism’s most unfavorable operating
condition at the moment of shutdown (which is the most unfavorable
combination of mechanism acceleration and deceleration as well as hoisting
load). At this time, 5 is selected between 1.5 and 2.
4.2.4 Other loads
Other loads include the installation load, loads acting on the work platforms and
channels, and transport load.
4.2.4.1 Installation load
The installation loads at all stages must be calculated according to the structural
pattern, installation and disassembly procedures of the tower crane. During
calculation, the calculated wind pressure pWe is taken as 100Pa.
4.2.4.2 Loads on the work platforms and channels
On the work platforms that might store materials and tools, CALCULATE based
on bearing 3,000N of concentrated load;
For the structures that are only used as channels, CALCULATE based on
bearing 1,500N of concentrated load;
For the railings, CALCULATE according to 1,000N of horizontal concentrated

load.
4.2.4.3 Transport load
The transport load refers to the load acting on the components (such as overall
hauling wheel set) of the tower crane during transportation. During calculation,
the effects of the actual dynamic load in transport state shall be taken into
account.
4.3 Anti-tipping stability
4.3.1 Checking of the operating condition
The anti-tipping stability of the tower cranes shall be checked according to the
operating conditions listed in Table 12.
In the process of installation and disassembly, the anti-tipping stability shall

check the dangerous states at all stages according to the structural pattern,
installation and disassembly procedures of the tower crane.

GB/T 13752-92
Under the non-operating condition (storm invasion), the anchoring device or rail
clamping device must be used to prevent the tower crane from sliding along the
rail under the maximum wind force under the non-operating condition. The anti-
sliding condition is as follows:
Fbo > 1.1FW3 + Fs1 - Fμ (12)
Where:
Fbo - Braking force (or anchoring force) along the rail direction generated by the
rail clamping device and brake wheels, N;
FW3 - Maximum wind force along the rail direction under the non-operating
condition, N.
When designing the rail clamping device, the friction coefficient of the rail clamp
(scratches on the surface and quenched) and the rail is taken as 0.25. The
maximum operating force of the manual rail clamping device shall not be
greater than 200N.
4.5 Determination of the support reaction
When determining the support reaction of the tower crane, the combined
operation of the system composed of the tower crane, chassis, landing legs and
foundation shall be taken into account. For the attached and internal climbing
tower cranes, the combined operation with the system composed of building
supports shall also be taken into account.
4.5.1 Running tower cranes and fixed tower cranes with chassis
4.5.1.1 Calculation of the vertical support reaction
The vertical support reaction of the bearings or wheels (trolleys) is generally

calculated according to the four-point support of the rigid chassis. When the
support reaction of a wheel is negative, it shall be recalculated according to the
three-point support.
4.5.1.2 Calculation of the horizontal support reaction
The absolute value of the horizontal support reaction (generated by the braking
of the running mechanism) of the tower crane running on the rails along the rail
direction shall not be greater than the adhesive force of the brake wheels and
the rails.
The wheels’ horizontal support reaction perpendicular to the rail direction shall
be calculated according to 0.075 times the maximum vertical support reaction.

GB/T 13752-92
4.5.2 Attached tower cranes
For the crane body attached to the building, the support reaction shall be
calculated according to the multi-span continuous beam of the elastic support,
which is the load of the attachment device.
The support reaction of the first attachment point on the upper part of the crane
body (support end of the cantilever on the crane body) is the maximum. This
reaction value shall be taken as the calculated load of the attachment device
and building support device.
4.5.3 Internal climbing tower cranes
When calculating the support reaction of the internal climbing tower cranes,
DETERMINE the simplified mechanical model according to different specific
support programs. For the case where the upper and lower support frames are
normally used to support the internal climbing tower crane, the upper frame can
be considered as mobile rigid hinged support, while the lower frame can be
considered as fixed rigid hinged support. However, the torque is supported by
the upper frame.
4.6 Rails and foundation
4.6.1 Rails
The rail type used by the rails of the tower cranes is related to the wheel
diameter and calculated load. The calculated load of the wheels shall be
calculated according to Article 6.4.4.1.
When the running mechanism is at a working level of M1 to M3 and a running

speed of 15 to 20 m/min, SEE Annex F (reference) for the combination of the
wheels and rails.
4.6.2 Rail foundation
The rail foundation can use gravel or concrete foundation according to work
needs.
The rail foundation must be able to bear the maximum load under the operating
and non-operating conditions.
4.6.3 Fixed foundation
The concrete foundation applied to the fixed tower cranes shall be designed to
meet the anti-tipping stability and strength conditions.

GB/T 13752-92
The concrete foundation strength shall be calculated according to TJ 7.
4.7 Transport
The transport of the tower cranes must comply with relevant provisions on rail
and road transport.
The axial load of the hauling wheel set of the tower crane under overall hauling
shall not exceed 1.3 × 105N. Each hauling wheel set shall have a parking brake
to ensure reliable braking on the slope of 6%.
4.8 Counterweight
For the upper rotary tower cranes, the counterweight mass shall be determined
according to the principle of acting minimum load on the crane body.
For the lower rotary tower cranes, the counterweight mass shall be determined
according to the conditions of anti-tipping stability.
4.9 Safety protection
The design and calculation of the tower cranes shall meet the requirements of
GB 5144.
5 Structure
5.1 Calculation principle
This standard uses the allowable stress method for calculation. The metal
structural members shall be subjected to strength, stability and stiffness
calculations, and shall meet its specified requirements. During calculation, the
plasticity of the materials shall not be taken into account in general.
The fatigue strength of the structural members and connections shall be

calculated in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.7.
5.2 Working levels of the structure
The working levels of the structure are related to the stress status (nominal
stress spectral coefficient) and number of stress cycles (stress cycle level) of
the structural members.
The load spectrum and the number of operating cycles of the tower crane are
the basis for determining the stress spectrum and the number of stress cycles
of the structural members. The working levels of the structure and the tower
crane are not necessarily the same, depending on the circumstances.

GB/T 13752-92
Combination C considers the various combinations of various loads specified

in Articles 4.2.1, 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 for the strength and elastic stability calculations
of structural members and their connections.
The values, directions and acting positions of various loads shall be combined
according to the most unfavorable conditions of the checked structures and
connections.
5.3.3 Load combinations during installation, erection and transportation
The installation load specified in Article 4.2.4.1 shall be combined according to

the actual situation. When checking the load-bearing member, the allowable
stress of the material shall be treated in accordance with the combination C as
specified in Article 5.3.2.
The transport load specified in Article 4.2.4.3 shall be combined according to

the actual situation. When checking the load-bearing member, the allowable
stress of the material shall be treated in accordance with the combination A as
specified in Article 5.3.2.
5.4 Materials and their allowable stresses
5.4.1 Materials of the structural members and their allowable stresses
5.4.1.1 Materials of the structural members
The major bearing structural members in the metal structure of the tower crane
shall use Q235 plain carbon structural steel complying with GB 700, 20 steel
complying with GB 699, 16Mn and 15MnTi steel complying with GB 1591.
For the steel applied to the bearing structural members, the grade of steel and
material shall be selected based on the importance of the structure, load
characteristics, connection methods, operating temperature and other different
conditions.
Killed steel shall be applied to major bearing structural members of the tower
crane. The materials shall have the assurance of conformity for the impact
toughness at room temperature. For the tower cranes operating in the regions
below -20°C, Q235 and 20 steel applied to the major bearing structural
members shall have the assurance of conformity for the impact toughness at -
20°C; 16Mn and 15MnTi steel shall have the assurance of conformity for the
impact toughness at -40°C. The assurance of conformity for the cold bending
test is required if necessary.
Steel castings shall use the steel conforming to the provisions of GB 11352.
5.4.1.2 Allowable stresses for the materials of the structural members

GB/T 13752-92
TAKE the basic allowable stresses 〔σ〕A, 〔σ〕B and〔σ〕C determined by

the corresponding load combinations as the allowable tensile, compressive and
bending stresses for the materials of the structural members. The allowable
shear stress and allowable end face pressure-bearing stress shall be
determined according to Table 19.
a. When the ratio OF the yield point σs TO the tensile strength σb of the material
σs
is less than 0.7, the safety factor and basic allowable stress
σb
corresponding to various load combinations shall be determined according
to Table 19.

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
σ - Calculated stress, Mpa;
Ap - Net area of the checked cross section, mm2;
F’Nj - Calculated according to the following equation:
Where:
FNj - Axial force acting on the connector, N;
n - Number of high strength bolts at one end of the structural member or

symmetrically connected with one side;
n1 - Number of high strength bolts at the checked cross section (at the
outermost bolt of the connector).
5.5.2 Strength calculation of the connections
5.5.2.1 Weld connection
The strength of the butt weld subjected to tension (compression) and shear
force shall be calculated according to the Equation (19).
5.5.2.2 High-strength bolted connections
The high-strength bolted connections are able to bear shear force, tension,
moment and combined loads.
5.5.2.2.1 Bear the shear force
In this case, the shear force that the connector is subjected to is transmitted
through the friction between the friction surfaces of the connector.
The connection strength of the connector shall be calculated according to the

Equation (20).

GB/T 13752-92
FN - External tension that a single bolt is subjected to, calculated according to

the Equation (22), N.
Where:
F’N - External tension that the connector is subjected to, N;
n - Number of bolts in the connector.
b. The bolt strength shall be calculated according to the Equation (23).
Where:
σL - Calculated tensile stress of the bolt, Mpa;
kc - Coefficient, related to the stiffness of the bolts and connected parts; during
steel connection, the use of metal gaskets or no gaskets, TAKE kc = 0.2 to 0.3;
Ad1 - Cross-sectional area calculated by the thread’s inner diameter, when the
diameters of other parts of the screw are less than the thread’s inner diameter
or the screw is hollow, Ad1 refers to the minimum cross-sectional area, mm2;
〔σL〕 - Allowable stress of the bolt, which can be calculated according to the
Equation (24), Mpa.
Where:
σs - Yield point of the bolt material, selected according to Table 24, Mpa;
Kn1 - Safety factor, when controlling the preload, TAKE Kn1 = 1.2 to 1.5; when
not controlling the preload, SELECT according to Table 25.
Table 24 Strength of the Bolt Material Mpa

Performance level Tensile strength σb Yield point σs
8.8 830 to 1 030 660 to 820
10.9 1 040 to 1 240 940 to 1 110

GB/T 13752-92
The stability of the structural members subjected to axial compression shall be

checked according to the Equation (27).
Where:
FN - Calculated axial pressure, SEE Annex G (reference), N;
AR - Gross cross-sectional area of the structural member, mm2;
 - Stability coefficient of the structural member subjected to axial compression

selected according to the structural member’s maximum slenderness ratio λ or
hypothetical slenderness ratio λf or maximum conversion slenderness ratio λh,
SEE Annex A (supplement).
5.6.1.2 Slenderness ratio
a. The slenderness ratio of the structural member shall be calculated according

to the Equation (28).
Where:
lc - Calculated length of the structural member, SEE Annex H (reference) for the
calculation method, mm;
r - Ratio OF the gross cross-sectional area of the structural member TO the

slewing radius of an axis, calculated according to the Equation (29), mm;
〔λ〕 - Allowable slenderness ratio of the structural member, SEE Table 26.
(29)
Where:
Ia - Inertia moment of the structural member to the gross cross-sectional area

of an axis, mm4;
AR - Gross cross-sectional area of the structural member, mm2.
b. When the yield point σs of the material is greater than 345Mpa, the
slenderness ratio λ can be approximately replaced by the hypothetical

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
ψ - Correction factor of axial compression stability, its value can be calculated

according to the Equation (34), or CHECK the Annex A (supplement);
AR - Gross cross-sectional area of the structural member, mm2; it refers to the

sum of the normal cross-sectional area of the main leg in case of the truss
structure;
Cox, Coy - Reduction factor of unequal end bending moment, calculated

according to the Equations (37) and (38);
Mox, Moy - End bending moment of the structural member, N • mm;
CHx, CHy - Transverse load moment factor, SEE Annex I (reference);
MHx, MHy - Maximum bending moment caused by transverse load in the

structural member, N • mm, when MH and Mo are in reverse direction and |CHMH|
< 2CoMo, MH is taken as zero;
Wx, Wy - Bending modulus of the structural member’s cross section, mm3;
φW - Lateral buckling stability factor of the bending structural members, which

can be selected according to the provisions of Article 5.6.2.2.
Where:
FE - Euler critical loads FEx and FEy, whichever is smaller, FEx and FEy shall be
calculated according to the Equations (35) and (36), N.

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
, - Ratio of the end bending moments at both ends of the structural

member, with respective positive and negative signs, and the absolute value is
not greater than 1.
For the space truss structural members and spliced combined structural
members, φψ = 1 is taken during calculation. Furthermore, ADD the additional
bending moment FNᇞo generated by the structural member’s initial
displacement ᇞo caused by the manufacturing error to the Mox or Moy in the
second and third items of the Equation (31).
5.6.2.2 Lateral buckling stability checking of the bending structural

members
5.6.2.2.1 Lateral buckling stability checking of the bending structural

members may not be performed when one of the following conditions is met:
a. When the plates (steel plates or other plates) are laid densely on the
compression flange and are firmly connected with it to prevent the lateral
displacement of the bending structural member’s compression flange;
b. For the bending structural member of the simple support on both ends of the
i-shaped cross section, when the ratio OF the free length lf TO the width b of
its compression flange does not exceed the numerical value specified in
Table 27, for the bending structural member with no lateral support points in
the span, lf refers to its span; for the bending structural member with lateral
support points in the span, lf refers to the distance between the lateral
support points of the compression flange (the bearing of the bending
structural member is considered to have lateral supports);

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
Ac - Cross-sectional area of the bending structural member’s compression

flange, mm2;
σ - Calculated stress of the bending structural member’s compression flange,

Mpa;
Fh - Lateral force generated by the compression flange of the bending structural

member, N.
5.6.2.2.3 When the bending structural member does not comply with the
Article 5.6.2.2.1, the lateral buckling stability must be checked according to the
Equation (32), among which φW value can be selected or calculated according
to Annex A (supplement).
5.6.3 Local stability of the cylindrical shells
For the thin-walled cylindrical shell subjected to axial compression or bending,

when the ratio δ / R OF the shell wall thickness δ TO the radius of the shell’s
σs
middle surface R is not greater than 25 , its local stability must be calculated.
E
a. The critical stress when the cylindrical shell is subjected to axial compression
or bending is as follows:
Where:
σc,cr - Critical stress when the cylindrical shell is subjected to axial compression
or bending, when the critical stress calculated according to the Equation (40)
exceeds 0.75σs, it is allowed to reduce according to the Equation (41), Mpa;
R - Radius of the middle surface of the cylindrical shell, mm;
δ - Wall thickness of the cylindrical shell, mm;
E - Elastic modulus of the material, Mpa.

GB/T 13752-92
b. The local stability of the thin-walled cylindrical shell subjected to axial

compression or bending can be checked according to the Equation (42).
Where:
FN - Calculated axial pressure, SEE Annex G (reference), N;
M - Bending moment, N • mm;
Ap - Net cross-sectional area of the cylindrical shell, mm2;
Wp - Bending modulus of the cylindrical shell’s net cross section, mm3.
c. Stiffening ring
Both ends of the cylindrical shell shall be equipped with the stiffening rings or
the structural members with corresponding effects. When the shell length is
greater than 10R, it is necessary to set middle stiffening rings. The spacing of
the stiffening rings shall not be greater than 10R. The cross-sectional moment
of inertia Iaz of the stiffening ring shall meet the requirements of the Equation
(43).
Where:
Iaz - Cross-sectional moment of inertia of the cylindrical shell’s stiffening ring,

mm4.
5.7 Calculation of the structural fatigue strength
The calculation of the structural fatigue strength uses the maximum stress
method. CHECK according to the Equations (44), (45) and (46).
(46)

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
σmax - Maximum calculated normal stress, SEE Article 5.7.1, MPa;
τmax - Maximum calculated shear stress, SEE Article 5.7.1, MPa;
σxmax - σmax whose direction is parallel to the x axis, MPa;
σymax - σmax whose direction is parallel to the y axis, MPa;
τxymax - τmax whose plane is perpendicular to the x axis, and whose direction is
parallel to the y axis, MPa;
〔σr〕 - Absolute value of the allowable tensile (or compressive) fatigue stress,
SEE Article 5.7.3, MPa;
〔τr〕 - Absolute value of the allowable shear fatigue stress, SEE Article 5.7.3,
MPa;
〔σrx〕, 〔σry〕 - 〔σr〕 corresponding to σxmax and σymax, MPa;
〔τrxy〕 - 〔τr〕 corresponding to τxymax, MPa.
The calculation of the structural fatigue strength can also use the stress
amplitude method. SEE Annex J (reference).
The cyclic normal stress (tensile or compressive stress) in the positions to be

checked, regardless of x direction or y direction, shall meet the Equation (44).
All kinds of cyclic shear stress shall meet the Equation (45). The Equation (46)
is only used for checking the compound effect of the above three kinds of (or
two of them) cyclic stress.
When there is only one kind of cyclic stress in the positions to be checked, or
the effect of one kind of cyclic stress on the structural members is significantly
greater than other cyclic stresses, the effects of other cyclic stresses can be
ignored, and the fatigue checking is only conducted to this kind of cyclic stress.
USE the Equation (44) or (45). At this time, for the structural members whose
total number of stress cycles is less than 1.6 × 104, the fatigue checking may
not be performed.
5.7.1 Calculated stress
The maximum calculated stress σmax or τmax used during calculation refers to
the maximum stress of the absolute value on the fatigue calculation point
determined by the load combination A specified by Article 5.3.2. During the
fatigue calculation, the compressive stress is negative. For the cyclic shear
stress with a progressive direction, positive and negative directions must be

GB/T 13752-92
determined. During calculation, the shear stress corresponding to the negative

direction shall take a negative value.
5.7.2 Cycle characteristics of the stresses
Use the following ratio to express the cycle characteristics of the fatigue stress:
σmin (or τmin) here represents another limit value corresponding to σmax (or τmax)
in a most unfavorable cycle. σmin (or τmin) and σmax (or τmax) are the same as the
amount that can be negative (SEE Article 5.7.1). Therefore, the ratio  can vary
from -1 to +1.
When it is necessary to use the Equation (46) for checking, the ratios 
corresponding to three different cyclic stresses are respectively as follows:
Where: The numerical values of the maximum calculated stress σxmax, σymax and
τxymax are independently determined according to the provisions of Article 5.7.1,
respectively. The numerical values of corresponding σxmin, σymin and τxymin are
independently determined according to the provisions of this Article,
respectively.
5.7.3 Allowable fatigue stress
The numerical values of the allowable fatigue stress depend on the working
levels of the structure, material categories of the structural members,
connection type of the connectors (stress concentration level), cycle
characteristics of the stresses (SEE Article 5.7.2), etc.
When considering the stress concentration, the non-welding parts of the

structural members are divided into three levels of W0, W1 and W2. The welding
parts are divided into five levels of K0, K1, K2, K3 and K4. SEE Annex B
(supplement).

GB/T 13752-92
The allowable tensile or compressive fatigue stress of the welds is the same as
the base metal.
d. 〔τr〕 of the welds
The allowable shear fatigue stress of the welds shall be determined by the
Equation (53).
〔τrt〕 shall be calculated by the 〔σ-1〕 value corresponding to K0.
e. Bolts
For the bolts in single shear, the allowable shear fatigue stress 〔τr〕 is taken
as 0.6 times the allowable tensile fatigue stress 〔σrt〕 corresponding to W2.
For the bolts in double or multiple shear, the allowable fatigue stress is taken
as 0.8 times the allowable tensile fatigue stress corresponding to W2.
For the bolts, the allowable compressive fatigue stress can be taken as 2.5
times the allowable shear fatigue stress.
5.8 Rigidity requirements
The rigidity requirements of the tower cranes are divided into static and dynamic
rigidity. The static rigidity is characterized by the static displacement value of
the structure where the elastic deformation is generated when the specified
load is applied to the specified position. The dynamic rigidity of the tower crane
as the vibration system is characterized by the lowest natural frequency
(referred to as the full load natural frequency) of the system when the length of
the suspension of the wire rope winding is equal to the rated hoisting height.
5.8.1 Static rigidity
The horizontal static displacement ᇞX of the crane body at the junction of the
boom shall not be greater than h / 100 under the rated hoisting load of the tower
crane, where h refers to the vertical distance FROM the junction of the crane
body and the boom TO the plane of action directly supporting the entire crane
body for the mobile tower cranes, and refers to the vertical distance FROM the
junction of the crane body and the boom TO the highest attachment point for
the attached tower cranes. CALCULATE according to the Equation (54).

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
FN - Resultant force of all the vertical forces above the junction of the crane
body and the boom [including the conversion force of the crane body’s
deadweight here, SEE Annex G (reference) for the conversion method], under
the rated hoisting load, N;
FE - Euler critical loads FEx and FEy, whichever is smaller, FEx and FEy shall be
calculated according to the Equation (55), N;
ᇞM - Horizontal displacement at the junction of the crane body and the boom
caused by the bending moment M on the centerline of the crane body under
rated hoisting load, mm.
Where:
μ1, μ2 - SEE Annex H (reference).
5.8.2 Dynamic rigidity
Do NOT check the dynamic rigidity of the tower cranes in general. When the
user or the design itself has a special request, checking can be performed.
5.9 Construction requirements
5.9.1 General principle
a. The structural rod’s center of gravity line shall coincide with the centerline of
the structural geometry as far as possible. The center of gravity line of the
attachment weld and the bolt set shall coincide with the rod’s center of gravity
line as far as possible.
b. The structural design of the major bearing structure shall be as simple as

possible, and the force shall be clear, so as to reduce the stress
concentration.
c. The structures (or structural members) shall be constructed so that they can
be easily made, transported, staggered, installed and maintained. The
structure of the outdoor operation must be protected from water.

GB/T 13752-92
d. For the welded structural members with direct access to dynamic load and
complex stress, unless taking measures to reduce or eliminate the internal
welding stress, otherwise the thicknesses of the carbon steel and low alloy
steel in use shall not be greater than 50mm and 36mm, respectively.
e. It is permissible for the major bearing structural members to use different

connection methods at different junctions, but the mixture of different
connection methods are not allowed at the same junction.
f. For the large structures requiring splicing on site, it is advisable to give priority
to the high-strength bolted connections.
g. The joint of the welded beam’s transverse stiffening rib and the flange plate
shall be chamfered, with a width of about b / 3 (but not greater than 40mm)
and a height of about b / 2 (but not greater than 60mm). SEE Figure 6. b
refers to the width of the stiffening rib.
Figure 6
h. For the bearing structure, the thickness of the steel plates and open profiles
shall not be less than 4mm, while the thickness of the closed profiles shall
not be less than 3mm.
i. The thickness of the truss gusset plate is generally determined according to

the magnitude of the internal force of the connecting rod, but not less than
5mm.
5.9.2 Welded connection
5.9.2.1 Butt welding
The groove type of the butt welding shall conform to the provisions of GB 985
and GB 986.
For the butt welding with unequal plate thickness or width in the major bearing
structure, when the difference between the plate thicknesses or widths of the

GB/T 13752-92
6.2.1.1 Motor primaries
The static power of the mechanism is calculated by the hoisting load, rated
hoisting speed and mechanism efficiency. The motor primaries is performed
according to the static power of the mechanism and the electrical continuity.
The electrical continuity of the mechanism is shown in Annex M (reference).
In the absence of special requirements, the motor capacity and the mechanism
control system shall be such that the average acceleration of the item at the
time of commencement of the mechanism is not greater than 0.8m/s2.
6.2.1.2 Motor capacity checking
The motor overload and heating must be verified. The verification method is
described in Annex N (reference) and Annex O (reference).
6.2.1.3 Brake selection
The driving device of the hoisting mechanism shall be provided with at least
one supporting brake which shall be normally closed. The brake wheel must be
mounted on the rigid coupling shaft of the transmission mechanism.
The safety factor of braking shall not be less than 1.5.
In the absence of special requirements, the item lifting and lowering

deceleration caused by braking shall not be greater than 0.8m/s2.
It is recommended to use the support and control braking together. The control
braking can be electrical, such as regenerative braking, reverse braking, energy
consumption braking, eddy current brake, etc. It can also be mechanical. The
control braking is only used to consume kinetic energy for safe deceleration of
the items. When used in conjunction with the control braking, the minimum
brake safety factor of the support brake should still meet the above
requirements.
6.2.2 Luffing mechanism
6.2.2.1 Luffing jib mechanism
6.2.2.1.1 Equivalent luffing resistance
The equivalent luffing resistance torque refers to the root-mean-square value

calculated from the corresponding hoisting capacity in terms of the luffing
resistance torque at each of the different amplitude positions and the luffing
time of the corresponding luffing interval in overall luffing process under normal
operating condition. The luffing resistance torque is generated by the
unbalanced hoisting load and the deadweight load of the boom system, the

GB/T 13752-92
wind force acting on the boom system, the horizontal inertial force and the
centrifugal force of the hoisting item, the inertia force of the boom system, the
resistance caused by the slope, and the frictional resistance of the boom
system during luffing.
6.2.2.1.2 Motor primaries
For the motor with the luffing jib mechanism, the equivalent power is calculated
according to the maximum value of the root-mean-square value’s equivalent
resistance torque of various operating conditions under normal operating
condition, and the motor primaries is performed according to the equivalent
power and the electrical continuity of the mechanism. The electrical continuity
of the mechanism is shown in Annex M (reference).
The motor capacity and mechanism control system shall ensure that the
maximum acceleration (deceleration) of the horizontal movement of the boom
head during luffing shall not be greater than 0.6m/s2.
6.2.2.1.3 Motor capacity checking
6.2.2.1.4 Brake selection
Normally closed brake shall be used. For the balanced luffing mechanism, the
braking safety factor is respectively taken as 1.25 and 1.15 under the operating
and non-operating conditions. For the unbalanced luffing mechanism, a support
brake and a stopper or two support brakes shall be mounted. The principle of
selecting the brake safety factor of the support brake is the same as that of the
lifting mechanism. When two support brakes are mounted, each brake safety
factor shall not be less than 1.25. Furthermore, the stopper shall be capable of
safely supporting the boom and hoisting load when supporting the brake failure.
An interlocking protection device shall be provided between the stopper and the
luffing jib mechanism so that the luffing mechanism cannot be actuated before
the supporting of the stopper is removed.
The brake deceleration shall not exceed the numerical values in Article
6.2.2.1.2.
6.2.2.2 Luffing mechanism of the trolleys
6.2.2.2.1 Luffing static resistance
The luffing static resistance of the luffing mechanism of wire rope traction trolley
includes the frictional resistance, equivalent ramp resistance (calculated

GB/T 13752-92
according to 1% slope), and resistance caused by hoisting wire rope and

traction wire rope bypassing the guide pulley. The frictional resistance includes
the resistance of the wheel rolling along the rail, the frictional resistance within
the wheel bearing, and the additional frictional resistance between the wheel
rim and the side of the rail. The latter is generally considered by multiplying the
sum of the two basic frictional resistances above by the additional coefficient
1.5.
6.2.2.2.2 Maximum traction of the stable luffing
The maximum traction of the stable luffing includes the frictional resistance (as
specified in Article 6.2.2.2.1), maximum wind resistance under normal operating
condition (calculated by the wind pressure pW2), maximum ramp resistance
during full load operation (calculated according to 2% slope), resistance caused
by hoisting wire rope and traction wire rope bypassing the guide pulley, and
traction required by the traction wire rope to maintain a certain degree of sag.
The traction wire rope of the luffing mechanism of wire rope traction trolley uses
the method in Article 6.4.4.2.2 to select the wire rope according to the maximum
traction of the stable luffing, and performs checking according to the maximum
torque of the motor.
6.2.2.2.3 Motor primaries
The static power of the mechanism is calculated according to the luffing static
resistance, luffing speed and mechanism efficiency. The motor primaries is
performed according to the static power and electrical continuity of the
mechanism. The electrical continuity of the mechanism is shown in Annex M
(reference).
The motor capacity and mechanism control system shall ensure that the
acceleration (deceleration) of the luffing trolley shall not be greater than 0.5m/s2.
6.2.2.2.4 Motor capacity checking
6.2.2.2.5 Brake selection
The brake torque of brake for the luffing mechanism of the wire rope traction
trolley plus the running frictional resistance torque (excluding the frictional
resistance torque of the rim and the side of the rail) shall be able to stop the
luffing trolley in an unfavorable situation within the required time (the time
required is determined by the operating conditions of the crane). For the luffing
mechanism of the overhead unbalanced trolley, the brake safety factor shall not

GB/T 13752-92
are used, it is advisable to slow down before braking. The brake deceleration
shall not exceed the numerical value in Article 6.2.3.2. In the meantime, it is
also necessary to ensure that the slewing parts are free to slew under the wind
force at a wind speed of greater than 20m/s.
6.2.3.5 Limit torque coupling
Each self-locking slewing transmission mechanism shall be equipped with a

limit torque coupling. The limit torque of the limit torque coupling shall ensure
that the slewing mechanism does not slip in the process of normal startup or
braking and only starts to slip in case of overload. The limit torque value is
generally taken as 1.1 times the torque value transmitted to the coupling shaft
after subtracting the inertia torque of the parts on the motor shaft from the
maximum torque of the motor.
6.2.4 Running mechanism
6.2.4.1 Running static resistance
The running static resistance includes the frictional resistance, ramp resistance
(the slope is taken as 0.5%) and cable towing resistance. For the regular
travelling tower cranes, the effects of the equivalent wind resistance shall also
be taken into account. The frictional resistance includes the resistance of the
wheel rolling along the rail, frictional resistance within the wheel bearing, and
additional frictional resistance between the wheel rim and the side of the rail
head. The latter is generally considered by multiplying the sum of the two basic
frictional resistances above by the additional coefficient 1.5.
6.2.4.2 Motor primaries
The static power of the mechanism is calculated according to the running static
resistance, running speed and mechanism efficiency. The motor primaries is
performed according to the static power and electrical continuity of the
mechanism. The electrical continuity of the mechanism is shown in Annex M
(reference).
In the absence of special requirements, the motor capacity and the mechanism
control system shall ensure that the average linear acceleration (deceleration)
value of the tower crane is not greater than 0.05m/s2 to 0.07m/s2.
6.2.4.3 Motor capacity checking
6.2.4.4 Brake selection

GB/T 13752-92
The brake torque of the running mechanism’s brake plus the running frictional
resistance (excluding the frictional resistance of the rim and the side of the rail
head) shall be able to stop the tower crane at full load and under the
unfavorable conditions of downwind and downhill within the required time
(which can be calculated according to the deceleration specified in Article
6.2.4.2).
Normally closed brakes shall be used. It is advisable to slow down before

braking.
6.2.4.5 Slip checking
During the startup or braking of the running mechanism, the drive wheel should
not slip normally. During checking, the adhesion coefficient of the tower crane
wheels and the rail is taken as 0.12.
For the running mechanism using the hydraulic coupling with limited torque, the
slip checking may not be performed during startup.
6.2.5 Jacking mechanism
The self-elevating tower cranes shall give priority to the hydraulic jacking
mechanism. The mechanical jacking mechanism can also be adopted.
6.2.5.1 Jacking load
The jacking force is calculated from the total gravity of the jacking components
and the frictional resistance between the relative moving parts in the jacking
process. During jacking, the calculated wind pressure is 100Pa as specified.
According to the approximate calculation, the frictional resistance can be taken

as 0.1 to 0.2 times the total gravity of the jacking components.
6.2.5.2 Jacking speed
The jacking speed is suitable to be taken as 0.005m/s to 0.013m/s (0.3m/min

to 0.8m/min). For large tower cranes, TAKE a smaller value.
The lowering speed shall not be greater than the jacking speed.
6.2.5.3 Hydraulic jacking mechanism
a. Fuel tank capacity
The fuel tank capacity of the hydraulic system can be determined according to
the Equation (58).

GB/T 13752-92
The maximum operating load T2max is used for static strength calculation of the
parts, which can be determined according to the following methods:
a. Hoisting mechanism
When hoisting items from the ground, for the part outside the shaft connected
with the motor, TAKE the load acting on the part, which is generated by the
product of the hoisting load and the dynamic load factor 2; for the part on the
shaft connected with the motor, TAKE 2.0 to 2.5 times the motor’s rated torque
acting on this part. During the ascending startup and descending braking of the
suspended items, the load of the parts can be calculated according to the Article
E2 in Annex E (reference).
b. Other mechanisms
For the running, slewing and luffing mechanisms, the maximum operating load
T2max can be calculated according to the Article E2 in Annex E (reference).
6.3.2.4 Special loads
The special loads are used for checking the static strength of some parts.
a. Buffer collision load
The dynamic load caused to the running mechanism during buffer collision shall
be estimated according to the Equation (62).
Where:
T3max - Torque acting on the drive shaft of the running mechanism during buffer
collision, N • m;
R - Wheel radius, m;
i - Total transmission ratio of the mechanism;
∑Fvmax - The sum of the maximum calculated wheel pressures on the drive
wheels of the transmission mechanism, N.
b. Test load
According to the provisions of Article 4.2.3.2, the greater one of the product of
the dynamic test load and the dynamic load factor 6, and the static test load,
shall be taken as the special load of the computing mechanism.

GB/T 13752-92
6.3.2.5 When a mechanism is applied to the self-installation operation of the

tower crane, the load caused by this operation to this mechanism shall be
checked.
6.3.3 Number of stress cycles
When calculating the fatigue strength of the transmission parts, the number of
stress cycles within the design life shall be calculated. When the stress variation
is smaller than 10% of the maximum stress of the absolute value, their number
of stress cycles shall not be calculated.
Total number of stress cycles Ns is:
Ns = Nhtz (63)
Where:
Nh - Number of stress cycles per hour;
tz - Total operating time of the parts, selected according to Table 30, h.
The parts of the mechanism shall generally be calculated according to the

design life of the mechanism. In some cases, the design life of certain parts is
lower than the specified value of this mechanism’s utilization level for economic
reasons or subject to technical limitations.
Number of stress cycles per hour Nh shall be approximately calculated

according to the following two cases.
a. The transmission part whose number of stress cycles is only related to the
number of operating stresses:
Nh = NaNp (64)
Where:
Np - Number of operating stresses per operating hour;
Na - Number of stress cycles that the part experiences in each operating cycle.
b. The transmission part whose number of stress cycles is related to the slewing
speed:
Where:

GB/T 13752-92
nm - Motor’s slewing speed, r/min;
im - Transmission ratio from the motor to the calculated part;
Nb - Number of stress cycles that each part undergoes.
6.3.4 Calculated stress
The load for the calculated stress on the hazardous point of the calculated parts
shall comply with the provisions of Article 6.3.2. USE usual method of material
mechanics for calculation. The composite stress shall be synthesized according
to the appropriate strength theory.
6.3.5 Strength limit
During static strength calculation, for the materials with better plasticity, the yield
point σs of the material is used as the strength limit of the parts.
When the ratio OF the yield point σs TO the tensile strength σb of the material
is greater than 0.7, in order to reduce the risk of brittle fracture caused by
accidentally exceeding the yield point of the material, the hypothetical yield
point calculated according to the Equations (66) and (67) as specified is used
as the strength limit of the parts.
6.3.6 Fatigue strength limit
The fatigue strength limit σrk of the parts is obtained by the test or calculation.
90% of the parts shall remain effective under this stress.
The magnitude of the part’s fatigue strength limit depends on:
σmin
a. Stress cycle characteristics  ( = );
σmax
b. Mass of the material;
c. Shape of the part;
d. Dimensions of the part;
e. Surface status of the part.

GB/T 13752-92
ls - Fulcrum spacing of the shaft, mm.
6.3.9 Abrasion checking
For parts that are in frequent friction during motion, the abrasion loss of the
friction surface during the use period shall be within the allowable range.
Relevant physical quantities affecting the abrasion loss are usually checked to
ensure that they do not exceed the allowable value. For instance, for the brakes,
clutches and sliding supports, the pressure intensity per unit area p of the
coverage and the characteristic coefficient pv (the product of p and relative
motion velocity v of the friction surface) shall be checked to ensure that they do
not exceed the allowable values. The allowable physical quantities of the
commonly used materials of the friction surfaces shall comply with the
provisions in Annex R of GB 3811 [SEE Annex R (reference) of this Standard].
When the hydraulic push rod brakes or other brakes are used as the speed
control device, the friction surfaces shall use the abrasion and high temperature
resistant materials. The brake wheels shall have good heat dissipation
conditions, and shall also be conducted with the heat dissipation checking, so
as to ensure that their temperature rise is within the allowable range.
6.4 Parts
6.4.1 Hook
The design calculation and selection of the hooks shall meet the provisions of
GB 1005.1.
Each hook shall be equipped with an anti-off pawl. The design of the anti-off
pawls shall comply with the provisions of JJ 75.
6.4.2 Wire rope
6.4.2.1 Selection of the wire rope’s structural type
The hoisting wire ropes shall be preferred to use the non-rotating wire ropes.
In the environments with larger corrosion, the galvanized wire ropes shall be
used.
6.4.2.2 Calculation and selection of the wire rope’s diameter
The calculation and selection of the wire rope’s diameter shall be performed
according to the following two methods. During design, SELECT any one of the
methods according to the specific circumstances.
a. The diameter of the wire rope shall be selected according to the maximum
operating static tension of the wire rope and the safety factor related to the

GB/T 13752-92
working level of the mechanism belonging to the wire rope, which is suitable
for the running wire ropes and the wire ropes for tensioning. The breaking
force of the selected wire rope shall meet the Equation (71).
Fro ≥ FrmaxKnr (71)
Where:
Fro - Breaking force of the selected wire rope, N;
Fmax - Maximum operating static tension of the wire rope, N;
Knr - Minimum safety factor of the wire rope, selected according to Table 34.
Table 34 Knr Values

Working levels of the mechanism M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
Safety factor Knr 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Note: The safety factor of the wire ropes for tensioning shall not be less than 3.5.
b. The diameter of the wire rope can be determined by the maximum operating
static tension of the wire rope according to the Equation (72), which is
suitable for the running wire ropes.
Where:
dmin - Minimum diameter of the wire rope, mm;
C - Selection factor of the wire rope, mm / N.
The values of the selection factor C are taken according to the working levels
of the mechanism, which shall be selected according to Table 35. The values
of the selection factor C of the wire rope with a fiber core and the structural
types of 6 × 19 and 6 × 37 are listed in the table. When the structural type and
the strength limit of the wire rope are different, the calculation of the selection
factor C value is shown in Annex S (reference).
c. Under any circumstances, the actual diameter of the stressed wire rope shall
not be less than 6mm.
6.4.2.3 Allowable deflection angle of the wire rope

GB/T 13752-92
Fvmin - Minimum wheel pressure generated by the basic load and additional load
during normal operation, N.
When determining Fvmax and Fvmin, the coefficients 1 to 7 in the Article 4.2 of
this Standard shall all be taken as 1.
6.4.4.2 Fatigue calculation of the wheel tread
The contact fatigue strength shall be calculated according to the Hertz equation.
It can be divided into line contact and point contact according to different contact
situations of the wheels and the rail.
a. Line contact, calculated according to the Equation (75).
Fv ≤ k1DwltC1C2 (75)
k1 - Allowable line contact stress constant associated with the material, k1 of the
steel wheels shall be selected according to Table 37, MPa;
Dw - Wheel diameter, mm;
lt - Effective contact length of the wheels and the rail, mm;
C1 - Rotating speed factor, selected according to Table 38;
C2 - Working level factor, selected according to Table 39.
b. Point contact, calculated according to the Equation (76).
Where:
k2 - Allowable point contact stress constant associated with the material, k2 of

the steel wheels shall be selected according to Table 37;
RW - Curvature radius, the greater value of the curvature radius of the wheel
and the top radius of the rail;
kr - The coefficient determined by the ratio OF the curvature radius of the top of
rW
rail TO the curvature radius of the wheel ( ), selected according to Table 40.
RW

GB/T 13752-92
6.4.5.4 Mounting bolts of the slewing bearing
a. The mounting bolts and nuts shall select high strength bolts and nuts above
Level 8.8.
b. The mounting bolts shall be conducted with the static strength calculation
and fatigue strength calculation. SEE Annex U (reference) for the calculation
method.
c. When the upper and lower supports connected with the slewing bearing use
the threaded hole installation, the minimum screw-in depth of the bolts on
the upper and lower supports shall not be less than the specified value. SEE
Table U5 in Annex U (reference).
6.4.6 Reducer selection
Selection of standard model reducers shall check the input power and output
torque according to the working level and load of the mechanism as well as the
allowable bearing capacity of the reducer at the corresponding working level,
so as to ensure the design life and intensity in use.
The maximum radial load on the shaft end of the reducer shall also be checked
if necessary.
6.4.6.1 Reducer checking of the hoisting mechanism
The maximum static power of the hoisting mechanism shall be less than or
equal to the allowable input power of the reducer at a given working level.
The maximum output torque of the reducer shall be applied to the reel according
to the maximum operating load, and shall also consider the effects of the pulley
efficiency on the calculation. The calculated value shall be less than the
maximum allowable output torque of the selected reducer at the given working
level.
6.4.6.2 Reducer checking of the slewing and running mechanisms
The motor directly drives the reducer. The maximum output torque of the
reducer shall be calculated according to the maximum torque of the motor, and
shall not exceed the maximum allowable output torque of the reducer at the
given working level.
The motor drives the reducer by means of a hydraulic coupling, an

electromagnetic coupling, a belt drive or the like. If the transmission torque of
these devices is greater than the maximum torque of the motor, the maximum
output torque of the reducer shall be checked according to the maximum torque

GB/T 13752-92
of the motor. On the contrary, the checking shall be performed according to the
transmission torque of these devices.
6.4.6.3 Reducer checking of the luffing mechanism
a. When the primary reducer is selected for the trolley luffing mechanism, the
output torque of the reducer shall be calculated according to the luffing static
resistance torque in Article 6.2.2.2.1.
Then, the maximum output torque of the reducer shall be calculated

according to the maximum output torque of the motor. This torque shall not
be greater than the maximum allowable output torque of the selected reducer
at the given working level.
b. The selection method and requirements of the luffing jib mechanism’s

reducer are the same as the hoisting mechanism.
6.4.7 Coupling selection
6.4.7.1 Mechanical coupling selection
The mechanical couplings can generally be selected from the couplings in

standard specifications. Then, CHECK the transmitted torque to ensure that it
meets the Equation (78).
Tc ≤ Tt (78)
Where:
Tt - Torque given in the coupling specification table, N • m;
Tc - Calculated torque of the coupling, calculated according to the Equation (79),

N • m.
Tc = KntT1max (79)
Where:
Knt - Safety factor of the coupling, for the hoisting and unbalanced luffing
mechanisms, Knt = 1.5; for other mechanisms, Knt = 1.35;
T1max - Calculated basic load of the coupling, calculated according to the Article
E1 in Annex E (reference), N • m.
6.4.7.2 Hydraulic coupling selection
The torque-limited (yox) and general (yop) hydraulic couplings are normally
adopted.

GB/T 13752-92
For the running device with the rated running speed of less than 0.7m/s, it is
allowed not to check the capacity of its buffering device absorbing the kinetic
energy.
The buffer housing and stop as well as the fixture shall be designed according
to the maximum impact force that occurs when the tower crane collides at the
rated speed. Kn3 in Table 33 shall be taken as the strength safety factor.
7 Electric
7.1 Control system and maneuvering gear
7.1.1 The control system of each mechanism shall meet the requirements for
the operating speed of each mechanism.
7.1.2 The control system of the hoisting mechanism shall be designed based
on the following principles:
a. When the load is up to 125% of the rated load, the items can still be hoisted
from the ground.
b. When the voltage value is 0.9 times the rated voltage, lift up the maximum
hoisting capacity, the items are not allowed to slip regardless of the control
handle in any position.
c. In the descending state, regardless of the control handle in any position,

unless the design has allowed, the descending speed shall not exceed 120%
of the rated descent speed.
7.1.3 The control system shall ensure that the mechanism is activated and
the braking acceleration is required.
7.1.4 The hoisting mechanism with the mechanical or electromagnetic shift,

its control circuit shall take protective measures to prevent the driver misuse.
7.1.5 The maneuvering gear is preferentially used with a linkage console. The
console shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of GB 5144 and
shall be provided with an emergency stop button capable of stopping all
motions.
7.1.6 For portable maneuvering gears, the control circuit voltage shall not
exceed 48V, and must be equipped with an emergency button capable of
cutting off the total power supply. This device should have good insulation
properties and the protection grade of not lower than IP 44.
7.2 Power supply

GB/T 13752-92
7.2.1 The tower cranes use 380V, 50Hz three-phase AC power supply. The
three-phase AC power supply with other parameters can also be used
according to the user requirements.
7.2.2 The power supply shall ensure that the tower crane’s voltage variation
of does not exceed ±10% of its rated value during normal operation.
7.2.3 The power supply shall set up the circuit switch that can easily turn on
and cut off the power supply of the complete machine.
7.2.4 Control voltage shall be selected from the following levels:
AC: 380V, 220V, 127V, 48V, 36V, 24V;
DC: 220V, 110V, 48V, 24V, 12V.
7.2.5 For the running tower cranes, the power cords shall be introduced by a
cable roll that can be rolled on its own. The radius of the inner ring of the cable
reel shall be greater than the allowable bending radius of the power cable.
Under normal circumstances, when the outer diameter of the cable is less than
21.5mm, the diameter of the reel’s inner ring shall be at least 10 times the outer
diameter of the cable. When the outer diameter of the cable is greater than
21.5mm, the diameter of the reel’s inner ring shall be at least 12.5 times the
outer diameter of the cable. The collecting ring of the cable reel shall meet the
requirements of the corresponding voltage level and current capacity. Each slip
ring shall be at least equipped with a pair of carbon brush. The contact voltage
drop of the carbon brush shall be less than 1.5V. The current density is generally
taken as 15A/cm2 to 20A/cm2. The protection grade of the collecting ring shall
not be lower than IP 44.
7.2.6 The maximum tensile stress that the cable copper core is subjected to
shall not exceed 20MPa.
7.3 Motor selection
7.3.1 Basic requirements of the motors
The motor selected by each mechanism must comply with GB 755 and the
standards related to the special motors.
The working system levels of the motor shall conform to the corresponding
requirements of the mechanism.
The protection grade of the motor enclosure shall not be lower than IP 23. Each
motor whose protection grade is lower than IP 44 must be equipped with a
protective cover, without affecting the heat dissipation of the motor.

GB/T 13752-92
7.4.2.3 The resistors for the tower cranes are repetitive short-term working
system, with a cycle period of 60s. The electrical continuities are divided into
4.4%, 6.2%, 8.8%, 12.5%, 17.5%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 70% and 100%. The
capacity of the resistance at all levels shall be selected according to different
access time.
7.4.2.4 The same resistance element has different allowable current values
at different electrical continuities. This value shall be not less than the operating
current of the motor. In order to reduce the number of resistors, the allowable
current value of the selected resistance elements at individual levels can be 5%
less than the motor operating current.
7.4.2.5 The protection grade of the resistance box shall not be lower than IP
23. The lead wire shall be firmly connected to withstand vibration without
becoming loose.
7.4.3 Contactor
The contactor shall be selected according to its operating current and expected
service life based on the selection curve provided by the manufacturing plant.
For the frequently used contactors along with more complex operating
conditions, it is advisable to select the capacity at a higher level for application.
7.4.4 Fuse
7.4.4.1 SELECT the fuses with the corresponding voltage levels based on the
circuit voltage. It is advisable to select the switch or spiral fuses.
7.4.4.2 SELECT the melt rated current based on the rated current of the circuit
and the required operate time of protection according to the protection
characteristics curve provided by the manufacturing plant.
As for the fuses for preventing the motors from short circuit, the melt rated
current can respectively be calculated according to the Equations (82) and (83).
a. For protecting single motor
IR = kiIe (82)
Where:
IR - Melt rated current, A;
Ie - Rated current of the motor, A;
ki - Coefficient, taken as 1.5 to 2.5, and taken as the greater value during heavy-
load full-pressure direct startup.

GB/T 13752-92
7.5.4 Wire laying
7.5.4.1 The connecting wires in the distribution boxes can be laid in the
trunkings or use the rear X-type wiring. Both ends of each wire shall be marked
with the serial number consistent with that in the electrical schematic diagram.
7.5.4.2 The external connecting wires can be laid in the trunkings and metal
pipes. The cables can be laid directly. Where there is mechanical damage,
chemical corrosion and oil erosion, the protective measures shall be taken on
the cables.
7.5.4.3 For the fix-laid cable, the bending radius shall not be less than 5 times
the outer diameter of the cable. In addition to the cable reel, the bending radius
of the mobile cable shall not be less than 8 times the outer diameter of the cable.
It is appropriate to use the cable mesh suspension method to fix the cables
suspending on the crane body. A cable mesh shall be set every 20m.
7.5.4.4 A halfway junction box shall be set when the cable needs to be
lengthened. The junction box shall be secured for easy maintenance. Standard
terminal blocks shall be used in the junction box. The terminal capacity shall
meet the requirements of the wire’s current carrying capacity, and shall have
the same serial number as the wire. The protection grade of the junction box is
IP 44.
7.5.5 Voltage loss
7.5.5.1 For AC power supply, at peak current, the voltage loss from the self-
powered transformer’s low-voltage bus to any motor terminal shall not exceed
15% of the rated voltage.
7.5.5.2 The peak current shall be calculated according to the following

methods:
a. Peak current calculation of single mechanism:
Ip = keIe (84)
Where:
Ip - Peak current, A;
ke - Motor starting current multiple, for the cage motors, TAKE the given value
of the sample; for the winding motors, 2 can be taken when there is no exact
data;
Ie - Rated current of the motor, A.

GB/T 13752-92
7.6.1.2 The arrangement of the components in the distribution box shall

ensure that there is sufficient dismantling distance and the safety distance
required by the electrical components. In the meantime, the heat, arc, vibration
and magnetic field generated by the action of the components shall not affect
the normal functions of other components, and shall not cause malfunction.
7.6.1.3 The metal shell of the distribution box must be grounded.
7.6.2 Installation requirements
7.6.2.1 A clearance of at least 400mm must be maintained before the

distribution box for easy maintenance.
7.6.2.2 Each distribution box must be equipped with a facility for easy hoisting
(rings, etc.).
7.7 Protective devices
7.7.1 Short circuit and overcurrent protection
7.7.1.1 The total power supply circuit must be equipped with an automatic air
switch for short circuit protection. For the tower crane with a lifting torque of
above 800kN • m, each mechanism shall be provided with a separate automatic
air switch for short circuit protection. Each phase of the automatic air switch
shall be configured with an instantaneous overcurrent release, and its setting
shall be greater than the peak current of the control object.
If some low-power motors use fuses for short circuit protection, the rated current
of the melt shall be selected according to Article 7.4.4.2.
7.7.1.2 When an overcurrent relay using instantaneous operation is used for

overcurrent protection of a single winding motor, its operating current shall be
set according to 2.5 to 3 times the rated current of the motor. When an
overcurrent relay using inverse time operation is used for protecting a winding
motor, the relay should not operate when the motor starts, and there should be
good protection characteristics during overcurrent.
7.7.1.3 The frequently started and reversed cage motors shall not use thermal
relays for motor overload protection. It is advisable to select the motors with
overheating protection (embedded with thermo-sensitive elements in the motor
stator windings).
7.7.2 Under-voltage, overvoltage and voltage loss protection
7.7.2.1 In order to ensure normal operation, the under-voltage and

overvoltage alarm devices shall be set. When the voltage is lower than 0.85Ve

GB/T 13752-92
and higher than 1.1Ve (Ve refers to the rated supply voltage), the alarm shall be
given or the power supply circuit shall be cut off automatically.
7.7.2.2 The power supply circuit must be equipped with voltage loss
protection. When the power supply is interrupted, the total circuit can be
automatically disconnected.
7.7.3 Zero position protection
Each mechanism shall be equipped with the zero position protection. When
starting operation and recovering power supply after voltage loss, the handle of
each mechanism’s maneuvering gear must be set to zero before the motor can
start up.
7.7.4 Phase dislocation and loss protection of the power supply
The power circuit shall be equipped with the device for phase dislocation and
loss protection.
7.7.5 Others
It is necessary to set up an emergency switch or device that can quickly

disconnect the main power supply in an emergency situation where the driver
is easy to operate.
The DC shunt motors shall be equipped with magnetic loss protection.
7.8 Ground connection
7.8.1 The normally uncharged metal shells, metal piping, low-voltage sides of
the safety lighting transformers of all electrical equipment are required to be
grounded in a reliable way. When the electrical equipment is directly attached
to the metal structural member, and there is a reliable electrical contact, it is
unnecessary to install another electrical connecting wire.
7.8.2 Three-phase four-wire power supply systems shall be grounded

repeatedly, which is to reconnect one or more grounding devices on the part
with the ground.
7.8.3 Under normal circumstances, it can be considered that there is reliable

electrical connection between the wheel and rail of the running mechanism,
along with the ground connection through the rail. If there is no reliable electrical
connection between the wheel and the rail due to the non-conductive dust
deposition, you should have a special grounding wire or take other measures
to make it in good contact.

GB/T 13752-92
7.8.4 The minimum cross-section of the copper wire for the grounding of a
single electrical device is:
Exposed bare wires, 4mm2;
Insulated wires, 1.5mm2.
7.8.5 The connection of the grounding wire to the device can be screwed or
welded. Screw connection shall take anti-loose and anti-rust measures.
7.8.6 The grounding wires are strictly forbidden to be used as the current-
carrying zero lines.
7.9 Lighting, signals and communication
7.9.1 Lighting
7.9.1.1 ENSURE that there is moderate lighting in the cabs. The lighting of
the crane body and other parts shall be set according to the requirements of
the users.
7.9.1.2 The power supply voltage of the fixed lighting device shall not exceed
220V. It is strictly forbidden to use metal structures as the circuits of the lighting
circuits.
7.9.1.3 The power supply voltage of the portable lighting device shall not
exceed 48V. AC power supply is strictly prohibited using autotransformer step-
down. Primary coils for other step-down transformers shall be controlled by the
bipolar switch or automatic air switch.
7.9.2 Signals
7.9.2.1 The cabs shall at least have the following signal indications:
a. Signal indication on the on-off status of the total power supply;
b. Alarm or signal indication when exceeding the hoisting capacity and hoisting
torque.
7.9.2.2 The signals can be light, sound or instrumentation indications. The

signal device shall be located in the sight of the operators.
7.9.3 Communication
The communication equipment shall be selected according to the requirements

of the users. Radio intercom, carrier telephones and amplifiers are optional.
7.10 Others

GB/T 13752-92
Weld between the flange plate and

web bearing the concentrated load
K-shaped groove weld
K3
Double-sided i-shaped groove
K4
weld
USE I-shaped slope welds for rod

member connection of the truss K4
joint
For the truss made of tubes, USE

I-shaped slope welds for joint K4
connection
Note: ① The welded joints applied in Table B1 shall meet the following technical requirements:
a. Before the butt joints are welded, the base metal at the weld root shall be processed and
finished. The backing welds shall be applied. The end of the weld shall not protrude or
recess the continuous surface of the structural member.
b. For the T-shaped or cross connectors of the K-shaped slope, the clearance of the
incomplete penetration in the blunt edge shall not be greater than 0.2 times the height of
the welding foot, and shall not exceed 3mm.
c. All welds of the joints shall be conducted with the appearance inspection, and shall comply
with the provisions on conforming welds in JJ 12.1.
② Besides meeting the requirements in Note ①, if the joint welds can meet the following technical
conditions at the same time, the corresponding stress concentration level (except for Level K0)
can be one level lower than that specified in the table (indicating that Ki can be degraded to Ki-
1):
a. In the welding area, the transition shall be smooth without defects, and shall be processed
if necessary. The direction of the processing traces shall be parallel to the direction of the
maximum tensile stress.
b. All welds shall be conducted with the appearance inspection. The butt welds shall also be
conducted with the non-destructive testing of internal quality. Furthermore, they shall
conform to the provisions on top quality welds in JJ 12.1.

GB/T 13752-92
Annex D
(Reference)
Estimation method of the hoisting impact factor 1
D1 When the items are hoisted from the ground, the steel structure (boom,
crane body, etc.) of the tower cranes will generate elastic vibration. Since the
structure mass is involved in the vibration, the additional inertial impact’s
dynamic load is generated in the structural member. The impact acceleration a
is caused by hoisting the items from the ground, and its value can establish the
following relationship with 2:
a = 0.1 (2 - 1) g (D1)
Where:
2 - Hoisting dynamic load factor, determined according to the Article 4.2.1.2;
g - Acceleration of gravity.
a
SET ka =
g
Then 1 = 1 ± ka
When designing different structural members of the same tower crane, 1 value
will be different. It should be noted, however, that the load of the structural
member to be checked should be increased after taking 1 into account. TAKE
the schematic diagram shown in Figure D1 as an example to explain the
defining principle of 1.
a. For the A-A section, when the mass m3 is in vibration, its gravity Fg3 shall be
multiplied by 1 = 1 + ka;
b. For the B-B section, when the mass m3 is in vibration, its gravity Fg3 shall be
multiplied by 1 = 1 - ka; while the gravity Fg1 of the mass m1 shall be
multiplied by 1 = 1 + ka.

GB/T 13752-92
Where:
Ts (Fs) - Drive torque (force) converted to the calculation element, N • m (N);
Tr (Fr) - Static resistance torque (force) converted to the calculation element, N

• m (N);
T1 (F1) - Maximum torque (force) on the calculation element, N • m (N);
|Tb| (|Fb|) - Brake torque (force) converted to the calculation element, N • m (N);
as - Acceleration during startup, m/s2;
ab - Deceleration during braking, m/s2.
The load on the calculation element:
T1 = Tr + J2 • a or F1 = Fr + m2a
E2 Calculated load considering the elastic vibration
The rigid body dynamics method does not reflect the effects of the system
flexibility. Since the components of the transmission system are not absolutely
rigid, when the external force changes, the system will produce elastic vibration
so that the components are subject to greater dynamic load. The elastic
vibration load can be analyzed and calculated through the equivalent elastic
vibration mechanics model. The dynamic load factor 5 is introduced to the
preliminary design and simplified calculation for consideration. The load of the
calculation load in Figure E1 can be calculated according to the Equation (E4).
or
Where:
T2 (F2) - Maximum load acting on the calculation element, N • m (N);
T(i) (F(i)) - Load acting on the calculation element before the acceleration
(deceleration) of the system, N • m (N), which shall be calculated according to
the rigid body dynamics model;
ᇞT (ᇞF) - Variation of the load acting on the calculation element before and
after the acceleration (deceleration) of the system, N • m (N), which shall be
calculated according to the rigid body dynamics model, ᇞT = T(f) - T(i) or ᇞF =
F(f) - F(i);

GB/T 13752-92
Annex F
(Reference)
Selection of the rail and wheel combination
F1 When selecting the rail and wheel combination of the tower crane, the
calculated load of the wheels shall be determined according to the Article
6.4.4.1. The rail and wheel combination shall be selected from Table F1 or F2
according to this calculated load.
Table F1 Allowable Load Under the Condition of the Tensile Strength of

the Wheel Material σb = 600MPa
kN
Wheel diameter Rail type
mm P18 P24 P33 P38 P43 P50 QU70 QU80
250 50 45 65 80 - - - -
315 65 60 85 105 110 110 - -
400 - 80 110 136 140 140 180 200
500 - - - 170 180 180 230 250
630 - - - - 230 230 290 320
710 - - - - - 260 330 360
Table F2 Allowable Load Under the Condition of the Tensile Strength of

the Wheel Material σb ≥ 800MPa
kN
Wheel diameter Rail type
mm P18 P24 P33 P38 P43 P50 QU70 QU80
250 70 65 90 110 - - - -
315 90 85 115 145 150 150 - -
400 - 110 150 190 195 195 250 275
500 - - - 240 250 250 320 350
630 - - - - 320 320 405 450
710 - - - - - 365 460 505

GB/T 13752-92
Annex H
(Reference)
Calculated length factor μ
H1 The calculated length lc of the structural member can be calculated

according to the Equation (H1).
lc = μ1μ2μ3μ4l (H1)
Where:
l - Actual geometric length of the part to be calculated in the structural member,

or actual geometric length of the part of the structural member as defined by
the value of the calculated length factor μ, m;
μ1 - Calculated length factor related to the support mode of the structural

member (not necessarily the same in two planes), SEE Article H2;
μ2 - Calculated length factor of the variable cross-sectional structural member,

SEE Article H3;
μ3 - Calculated length factor of the compressive structural member considering

the action of non-directional force, SEE Article H4;
μ4 - Calculated length factor of the stressed structural member considering the

action of double axial force, SEE Article H5.
H2 Calculated length factor μ1 related to the support mode of the

structural member
H2.1 If the structural member has only one attachment support point in its
shaft portion, and the support flexibility of the attachment support point may not
be taken into account, the values of the calculated length factor μ1 can be
looked up in Table H1.

GB/T 13752-92
Figure H1 Figure H2
b. For the trolley luffing boom with double hoisting points (Figure H3) and the
trolley luffing boom with double and single hoisting points (the central section
of the boom is equipped with a hinge point, as shown in Figure H4), when
considering the effects of the non-directional force of two boom cables at the
same time, if the length of the OA segment (l1) is taken as the geometric
dimensions of the structural member, it is advisable to look up the
numerators in Table H6 or H7; if the length of the AB segment (l2) is taken as
the geometric dimensions of the structural member, it is advisable to look up
the denominators in Table H6 or H7. Since the effects of the variable cross
section and the double cable of the boom have been taken into account in
Tables H6 and H7, μ2 = 1 and μ4 = 1 shall be taken after referencing the data
in these three tables.
Boom cable force decomposition at the point A Boom cable force decomposition at the point B
Figure H3

GB/T 13752-92
Boom cable force decomposition at the point A

Boom cable force decomposition at the point B
Figure H4
In the Figure H3, Figure H4, Table H6 and Table H7:
l1, l2 - The lengths of two segments of boom (OA and AB segments), m;
la1x, la2x - The cross-sectional inertia moments generated when two segments
of boom (OA and AB segments) bypass the horizontal axis (which is x-x) of the
centroid of section, m4;
la1y, la2y - The cross-sectional inertia moments generated when two segments
of boom (OA and AB segments) bypass the vertical axis (which is y-y), m4;
F1x, F2x - Components of the tensions F1 and F2 in the boom cable in the
horizontal direction, F1x = F1 • cosθ1, F2x = F2 • cosθ2, N;
θ1, θ2 - Angle between the boom cable and the boom centerline;
F1, F2 - Internal forces in the boom cable under the calculated operating
condition, N.
H4.2 For the compressive structural members subjected to the external force
of directional force, or the compressive structural members ignoring this
favorable factor despite of subjected to the non-directional force, TAKE μ3 = 1.
H5 Consider the calculated length factor μ4 of the compressive

structural member subjected to the double axial force
When the trolley luffing boom with double hoisting points as shown in Figure H3
is checked to be stable in the hoisting plane, the effects of the integrity and
double axial force of the boom functioning at the same time shall be generally
taken into account. If the length of the OA segment (l1) is taken as the geometric
dimensions of the structural member, it is advisable to look up the numerators
in Table H8. If the length of the AB segment (l2) is taken as the geometric

GB/T 13752-92
Table H9 Calculation Equation for the Conversion Slenderness Ratio λh

of the Lattice Structural Members
Item Section form of the structural member Batten category Calculation equation Symbol meaning
λy - Slenderness ratio of the
entire structural member to
the imaginary axis
λ1 - Slenderness ratio of the
1 Batten plate
single limb to the 1-1 axis, its
calculated length takes the
net distance between the
batten plates
AR - The sum of the gross
cross-sectional areas of the
chord members cut out by the
cross section of the structural
member
2 Lacing bar
AR1 - The sum of the gross
cross-sectional areas of the
oblique lacing bars cut out by
the cross section of the
structural member
λ1 - Slenderness ratio of the
single limb to the minimum
stiffness axis 1-1, its
3 Batten plate
calculated length takes the
net distance between the
batten plates
- The sum of the gross
cross-sectional areas of
various oblique lacing bars in
the plane perpendicular to the
x-x axis cut out by the cross
section of the structural
member
4 Lacing bar
- The sum of the gross
cross-sectional areas of
various oblique lacing bars in
the plane perpendicular to the
y-y axis cut out by the cross
section of the structural
member

GB/T 13752-92
When calculating the KH, the structural member has already converted into a
uniform cross-sectional hypothetical structural member. Its calculated length lc
= μl has also been converted from the length coefficient μ (μ = μ1 • μ2) (in case
of simple supports on both ends or cantilever support, it is advisable to look up
the Table H5; in other cases, it is advisable to derive according to the energy
method). In order to take Iae into account when calculating ᇞH, the Equation (I3)
can be rewritten into:
Where:
For instance: if there is a bending structural member with one free end and one
fixed end (SEE Figure I1).
Figure I1
If this is an unequal cross-sectional structural member, USE the equivalent

moment of inertia Iae for equivalence. Then
In order to facilitate the calculation, TAKE , which is the serial

number 3 in Table I1.

GB/T 13752-92
Annex J
(Reference)
Stress amplitude method for the
fatigue strength calculation of the structure
J1 The fatigue strength of the structure shall be checked according to the

Equations (J1), (J2) and (J3).
Where:
σa - Maximum calculated tensile (compressive) stress amplitude, SEE Article J2,

MPa;
τa - Maximum calculated shear stress amplitude, SEE Article J2, MPa;
σax - σa whose direction is parallel to the x axis, MPa;
σay - σa whose direction is parallel to the y axis, MPa;
τaxy - τa whose plane is perpendicular to the x axis, and whose direction is

parallel to the y axis, MPa;
〔σa〕 - Allowable tensile (or compressive) fatigue stress amplitude, SEE Article
J3, MPa;
〔τa〕 - Allowable shear fatigue stress amplitude, SEE Article J3, MPa;
〔σax〕, 〔σay〕 - 〔σa〕 corresponding to σax and σay, MPa;
〔τaxy〕 - 〔τa〕 corresponding to τaxy, MPa.
The cyclic normal stress (tensile or compressive stress) in the positions to be

checked, regardless of x direction or y direction, shall meet the Equation (J1).
All kinds of cyclic shear stress shall meet the Equation (J2). The Equation (J3)

GB/T 13752-92
is only used for checking the compound effect of the above three kinds of (or
two of them) cyclic stress.
When there is only one kind of cyclic stress in the positions to be checked, or
the effect of one kind of cyclic stress on the structural members is significantly
greater than other cyclic stresses, the effects of other cyclic stresses can be
ignored, and the fatigue checking is only conducted to this kind of cyclic stress.
USE the Equation (J1) or (J2). At this time, for the structural members whose
total number of stress cycles is less than 1.6 × 104, the fatigue checking may
not be performed.
J2 Calculated stress amplitude
The maximum calculated stress σmax or τmax shall be determined according to

the provisions of Article 5.7.1. The maximum calculated stress amplitude shall
be calculated according to the Equations (J4) and (J5).
J3 Allowable fatigue stress amplitude
The numerical values depend on the working levels of the structure, material
categories of the structural members, connection type of the connectors (stress
concentration level), cycle characteristics of the stresses (SEE Article 5.7.2),
etc.
a. 〔σa〕 of the base metal
When σmax refers to the tensile stress, TAKE 〔σa〕 as 〔σat〕 (allowable tensile
fatigue stress amplitude). When σmax refers to the compressive stress, TAKE
〔σa〕 as 〔σac〕 (allowable compressive fatigue stress amplitude). 〔σat〕
and 〔σac〕 shall be calculated according to the equations in Table J1.
When the numerical value of 〔σat〕 or 〔σac〕 is greater than 0.375σb (1 - ),
TAKE 〔σat〕 = 0.375σb (1 - ) or 〔σac〕 = 0.375σb (1 - ).
b. 〔τa〕 of the base metal
The allowable shear fatigue stress amplitude shall be determined by the

Equation (J6).

GB/T 13752-92
Annex N
(Reference)
Motor overload checking
N1 Motor of the hoisting mechanism
The pull-in torque of the motor shall meet the Equation (N1).
Where:
Ts - Pull-in torque of the motor during reference electrical continuity, N • m;
Ku - Coefficient, considering the voltage loss, allowable deviation of the

maximum torque, overload value of the test load, mechanism acceleration and
other factors.
Winding asynchronous motors: Ku = 2.0 to 2.2,
Cage asynchronous motors (including the multi-speed motor, the speed values
are different): Ku = 2.2 to 2.4;
DC motors: Ku = 1.4;
FQ - Rated hoisting load, N;
vh - Rated hoisting speed, m/s;
η - Total efficiency of the transmission mechanism;
nm - Slewing speed of the motor, r/min.
N2 Motors of the running and trolley luffing mechanisms
Where:

GB/T 13752-92
Fr - Running static resistance, for the entire machine, determined according to

the Article 6.2.4.1; for the trolleys, determined according to the Article 6.2.2.2.1,
N.
DW - Wheel diameter, m;
i - Total transmission ratio;
Zm - Number of motors.
N3 Motor of the slewing mechanism
Where:
Ku - Coefficient, winding asynchronous motors: Ku = 1.5 to 1.54; cage

asynchronous motors: Ku = 1.6 to 1.63 (the lower limit is taken for the no-load
and light-load startups); DC motors: Ku = 1;
Tμ - Torque of the slewing frictional resistance, N • m;
Ts1 - Slope resistance torque, SEE Article 4.2.1.6, N • m;
TW2 - Wind resistance torque generated by the calculated wind pressure PW2,
N • m.
N4 Motor of the luffing jib mechanism
Ts = KuTr (N4)
Where:
Ku - Coefficient, winding asynchronous motors: Ku = 1.54; cage asynchronous

motors: Ku = 1.63; DC motors: Ku = 1;
Tr - The sum of the static resistance torques converted by the deadweight loads
of the boom and balanced system, hoisting load of the unbalanced section,
wind load generated by the calculated wind pressure pW2 and frictional
resistance of each rotational hinge point of the boom system to the motor shaft
in case of considering the efficiency of the transmission system, N • m.

GB/T 13752-92
Annex O
(Reference)
Heat checking of the asynchronous motors
It is advisable to use the average loss method. The equivalent torque method
or equivalent current method can also be used for accurate motor heat checking
according to the different types of motor. The following methods can also be
adopted for approximate calculation.
O1 Approximate method for heat checking
Where:
Pn - Rated power of the motor, its working system is S3, and the electrical
continuity JC% is the same as the value of the actual mechanism, kW;
Tre - Equivalent average resistance torque for the most unfavorable operating
cycle, calculated according to the Equation (O2), N • m;
nm - Slewing speed of the motor, r/min;
Kz - Coefficient, determined according to the Article O2.
Where:
Tri - Corresponding motor resistance torque within the operating time ti,
including the starting and braking torques, N • m;
ti - Each operating time in the operating cycle of the mechanism, excluding the
downtime, s.
When the data in the Equation (O2) cannot be determined, it is advisable to

take the approximation:
Tre = Tr • KG (O3)

GB/T 13752-92
Annex P
(Reference)
Stability checking of the oil cylinders
P1 The stability of the oil cylinders can be checked according to the Equation
(P1).
Where:
FN - Axial load of the oil cylinder, calculated according to Article 6.2.5.1, N;
Fcr - Critical load of the oil cylinder, calculated according to the Equation (P2),
N;
Knh - Safety factor, Knh = 2.5 to 3.5.
Where:
ks - Support condition factor, determined according to Table P1;
E - Elastic modulus of the material, MPa;
Ia - Inertia moment of the piston rod’s cross section, mm4;
l - Calculated length of the oil cylinder, determined according to Table P1, mm.
Table P1 Support Condition Factor ks of the Oil Cylinder

Support mode and calculated length l Description ks
Fixed on one end, while free on the other end 0.25
Hinged connection on both ends 1

GB/T 13752-92
Annex Q
(Reference)
Method of determining the fatigue strength limit σrk
Q1 Fatigue strength limit of the polished test rod
The maximum stress when the intact rate of 90% is remained after the polished
test rod is subjected to an infinite number (number of cycles is greater than 107)
of symmetrical cycles under the rotational bending test conditions is called
fatigue strength limit, which is expressed by σ-1.
When the fatigue strength limit of the material is not given, the fatigue strength
limit value for the symmetrical cycle of the structural steel can be calculated
according to the Equations (Q1), (Q2) and (Q3).
Tensile and compressive:
Bending:
Twisting:
Q2 Effects of the shape, surface status and dimensions
The transmission parts are more complex than the test rods in shape, along
with rough surface and larger dimensions. Therefore, the fatigue strength (σ-1)G,
(τ-1)G of the transmission part is less than the fatigue strength σ-1, τ-1 of the
polished test rod. The effects of the shape, surface status and dimensions on
the fatigue strength is considered through corresponding coefficients according
to the Equations (Q4) and (Q5):
Where:
Kσ, Kτ - Shape coefficient;

GB/T 13752-92
β - Surface status coefficient;
εσ, ετ - Dimension coefficient.
The shear stress caused by the transverse force does not need to be
considered for stress concentration.
Q2.1 The values of the shape coefficients Kσ and Kτ are rarely derived directly
from the fatigue test. Most of the curves are the data of the theoretical stress
concentration factors aσ and ar. At this time, the sensitivity coefficient q of the
material is converted into the effective stress concentration factor, which is:
Where:
r - Fillet radius of the notch (such as groove and hole), mm;
a - Material constant, looked up from Figure Q1, mm .
Q2.2 Surface status coefficient β
The curves of the most common surface status coefficients β1 and β2 are listed
in Figure Q2. The curves 1 to 5 indicate the surface processing coefficient β1.
The curves 6 to 7 indicate the corrosion coefficient β2.
The numerical values of the surface strengthening coefficient β3 can be looked

up in Table Q1. If β1, β2 and β3 show up at the same time, the continued
multiplication shall not be used. If only processed with cutting, β is equal to β1.
If processed with cutting before strengthening, β is equal to β2. Whether to be
strengthened or not in the corrosion environment, β is equal to β3.
Table Q1 Values of the Surface Strengthening Coefficient β3

β3
Heart intensity
Strengthening method Stress-concentrated specimen
MPa Smooth specimen
Kσ < 1.5 Kσ ≥ 1.8 to 2.0
600 to 800 1.5 to 1.7 1.6 to 1.7 2.4 to 2.8
High frequency quenching
800 to 1 000 1.3 to 1.55 1.4 to 1.5 2.1 to 2.4
Nitriding 900 to 1 000 1.1 to 1.25 1.5 to 1.7 1.7 to 2.1
400 to 600 1.8 to 2.0 3.0 3.5
Carburization
700 to 800 1.4 to 1.5 2.3 2.7

GB/T 13752-92
Annex T
(Reference)
Calculation method of the reel wall thickness
This calculation method is applicable to the wall thickness calculation of the

steel plate welding reels.
T1 Wall thickness calculation of the reel
The reel length of the tower crane is generally designed to be less than 3 times
the diameter of the reel. It can be seen from the force analysis that: since the
reel wall is subjected to smaller bending and torsional stresses, the calculation
shall be performed according to the compressive stress and local bending
stress in the position where the wire rope is wound out.
a. The compressive stress σp of the reel wall in the position where the wire rope
is wound out shall be calculated according to the Equation (T1).
Where:
σc - Compressive stress in the position where the wire rope is wound out, MPa;
δ - Wall thickness of the reel, mm;
pd - Axial winding pitch, mm;
for the grooved reels:
pd = p (p refers to the rope pitch)
for the smooth reels:
pd = 1.01d (d refers to the diameter of the wire rope)
b. The local bending stress of the reel wall in the position where the wire rope
is wound out shall be calculated according to the Equation (T2).

GB/T 13752-92
The wall thickness of the side plate shall be checked according to the Equation
(T5).
Where:
σbe - Bending stress of the reel’s side plate, MPa;
FN - Calculated axial force, N, generally taken as 0.1Frmax;
〔σ〕 - Allowable stress of the material, calculated according to the Equation

(T4), MPa;
Dm, Dd, δ1 - Geometric dimensions, SEE Table T1, mm.
T3 Few notes
a. This calculation method is also applicable to the wall thickness calculation of

multi-layer rolled steel plate welding reels.
b. The effect of bending and torsion shall also be taken into account when the
reel length is greater than three times the diameter of the reel.
c. For the large-size reel with a diameter of greater than or equal to 1,200mm
and a length l of greater than 2Dd, especially the steel plate welded large-
size thin-walled reel, the reel wall stability shall be checked.

GB/T 13752-92
Annex U
(Reference)
Calculation method of the slewing bearing selection
U1 Calculation of the equivalent external load
According to the structural type of slewing bearing, the calculations shall be

respectively performed according to the following equations:
a. Single-row and double-row ball slewing bearing
4.37M
Feq = Fv + + 3.44Fh (U1)
D0
b. Single-row cross roller slewing bearing
4.5M
Feq = Fv + + 2.5Fh (U2)
D0
c. Three-row roller slewing bearing
4.5M
Feq = Fv + (U3)
D0
Where:
Feq - Equivalent external load of the slewing bearing, N;
Fv - Axial force acting on the center of the slewing bearing, N;
Fh - Horizontal force acting on the center of the slewing bearing, N;
M - Overturning moment acting on the center of the slewing bearing, N • m;
D0 - Center circle diameter of the roller, for the double-row ball slewing bearing
and three-row roller slewing bearing, D0 refers to the center circle diameter of
the roller in the lower row, m.
U2 Calculation of the equivalent static capacity of the slewing bearing

GB/T 13752-92
a. Single-row ball type
b. Single-row cross roller type
c. Double-row ball type
d. Three-row roller type
Where:
F0 - Equivalent static capacity of the slewing bearing, N;
d0 - Diameter of the steel ball or roller, for the conical rollers, d0 refers to the
medium diameter, mm;
θ - Nominal contact angle, for the single-row ball type, θ is equal to 50°; for the
cross roller type, θ is equal to 45°;
f0 - Static capacity coefficient, determined according to the raceway surface

hardness, when the surface hardness is not less than HRC58, f0 is equal to 49
for the single-row and double-row ball type; f0 is equal to 98 for the cross roller
and three-row roller type, N/mm;
l0 - Contact length of the roller, for the single-row cross roller type, the roller is
cylindrical, and l0 is equal to 0.75d0; for the three-row roller type or the cross
roller type using the tapered roller or drum-shaped roller, l0 is taken as 0.85d0,
mm;
Z0 - Number of steel balls or rollers, for double-row ball type or three-row roller
type, Z0 refers to the number of rollers on the upper row, Z0 is calculated
according to the Equation (U8).

GB/T 13752-92
AS - Effective cross-sectional area of the thread, the AS value of the standard

bolt can be selected according to Table U2, mm2.
Where:
Kg - Load distribution coefficient,
when Kg = 4.37, used for the single-row and double-row ball type,
when Kg = 4.10, used for the cross roller and three-row roller type;
n - Number of the mounting bolts on the inner ring of the slewing bearing;
D1 - Distribution circle diameter of the mounting bolt hole on the inner ring of
the slewing bearing, m.
b. Fatigue strength calculation
The fatigue strength of the mounting bolts for the slewing bearing shall meet
Where:
σak - Fatigue limit stress amplitude of the bolt, selected according to Table U3,
MPa;
Kna - Fatigue strength safety factor, SEE Table U4;
σa - Alternating stress amplitude of the bolt, calculated according to the

Equation (U14), MPa.
Where:
Ad1 - Minimum cross-sectional area of the bolt, mm2.

GB/T 13752-92
Annex V
(Reference)
Current carrying capacity of the wire
V1 Calculation equation for the current carrying capacity of the wire
Iz = KaKtKjIg (V1)
Where:
Iz - Current carrying capacity of the wire, A;
Ka - Correction coefficient for the parallel laying of multiple cables or perforated

wires, generally taken as 0.9 for the perforated wires, and taken as 0.8 for the
cables;
Kt - Correction coefficient of the ambient temperature, SEE Table V1 for the

commonly used values, the Kt value can be calculated according to the
Equation (V2);
Kj - Correction coefficient of the electrical continuity with repeated short-term

working system, the operating cycle time is taken as 10min, SEE Table V2 for
the commonly used values, the the Kj value can also be calculated according
to the Equation (V3);
Ig - Reference value for the current carrying capacity of the wire and cable, SEE
Table V3 for the commonly used values, A.
Where:
t1 - Maximum operating temperature of the wire core, °C;
t0 - Operating ambient temperature, °C;
t2 - Rated operating ambient temperature, 25°C (or 45°C).

GB/T 13752-92
Additional information:
This Standard was proposed by the Ministry of Development of the People’s

Republic of China (now known as the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development of the People’s Republic of China).
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Institute of

Construction Machinery of the Technical Committee for Standardization of
Machinery and Vehicles under the Ministry of Development.
Beijing Institute of Construction Machinery under the Ministry of Development

and Changsha Institute of Construction Machinery under the Ministry of
Development were responsible for drafting this Standard.
Main drafters of this Standard: Xie Yaoting (chief editor), Hu Zhaolin (chief
editor), Chen Jianyuan, Gu Dimin, Chen Zhenyi, Jia Zhiquan, Li Yishen, Zhang
Guorui, Ye Yuanhua, Tang Mingqing, Ding Yi, Luo Shijun, Mei Kun, Zhou Zhong,
Cong Jiaxu, Zhang Desheng, Meng Xiaoping, Gao Yongxing, Huang Gongcai,
Zheng Dianyi, Hu Yuankai, Zhu Yiwei, Lin Gang and Fang Yanlong.
This Standard shall be interpreted by Beijing Institute of Construction Machinery

under the Ministry of Development and Changsha Institute of Construction
Machinery under the Ministry of Development.
__________ END __________

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GB/T 13752-92

Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T13752-1992

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Design rules for tower cranes

Issued on: November 5, 1992 Implemented on: May 1, 1993

www.ChineseStandard.net Page 1 of 156

1 Subject content and scope of application ................................................... 4

2 Normative references ................................................................................. 4

3 Symbols and codes .................................................................................... 5

5 Structure ................................................................................................... 27

6 Mechanism ............................................................................................... 54

7 Electric ..................................................................................................... 79

structural members subjected to axial compression and the

bending structural members .......................................................................... 90

Annex B (Supplement) Table for the fatigue strength calculation of the

structures ....................................................................................................... 95

Annex E (Reference) Load generated by the acceleration (deceleration) of

the transmission mechanism........................................................................ 103

Annex G (Reference) Determination of the axial force FN ............................ 108

Annex H (Reference) Calculated length factor μ .......................................... 110

www.ChineseStandard.net Page 2 of 156

Annex I (Reference) Calculation equation for the bending moment coefficient

CH of the transverse load ............................................................................. 121

Annex J (Reference) Stress amplitude method for the

fatigue strength calculation of the structure ................................................. 124

crane ............................................................................................................ 127

mechanism .................................................................................................. 128

Annex M (Reference) JC, Z values in the selection calculation of the

motor capacity for the tower crane’s mechanism ......................................... 129

Annex N (Reference) Motor overload checking ........................................... 130

Annex O (Reference) Heat checking of the asynchronous motors .............. 132

Annex P (Reference) Stability checking of the oil cylinders ......................... 134

Annex R (Reference) Allowable physical quantity of the

commonly used friction surface material ...................................................... 142

Annex S (Reference) Selection coefficient C of the wire rope...................... 143

Annex U (Reference) Calculation method of the slewing bearing selection . 147

Annex V (Reference) Current carrying capacity of the wire ......................... 153

www.ChineseStandard.net Page 3 of 156

Design rules for tower cranes

1 Subject content and scope of application

This Standard is applicable to various types of power-driven tower cranes for

GB 699 Quality carbon structural steels - Technical conditions

GB 700 Carbon structural steels

GB 755 Rotating electrical machines - General technical requirements

GB 998 Basic testing method of low voltage apparatus

GB 1591 Low alloy structural steels

GB 10051.1 Lifting hooks - Mechanical properties, lifting capacities, stresses

GB 1300 Steel wires for welding

GB 3077 Alloy structure steel - Technical requirements

GB 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs

www.ChineseStandard.net Page 4 of 156

GB 3323 Methods for radiographic inspection and classification of

GB 3811 Design rules for cranes

GB 5117 Carbon steel covered electrodes

GB 5118 Low alloy steel electrodes

GB 5144 Safety rules for construction tower cranes

GB 10054 Builder’s hoist - Specification

GB 10055 Safety code for builder’s hoist