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    Theory of Ionisation

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    VIKRAM KUMAR
    The Theory of Ionisation proposed by Arrhenius in 1887 explains the behavior of electrolytes in solution. According to the theory, when an electrolyte dissolves in water it dissociates into ions - charged particles called cations which are positively charged and anions which are negatively charged. These ions are in dynamic equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated states. The extent to which an electrolyte dissociates, or its degree of ionization, depends on factors like the nature of the electrolyte, temperature, dilution, nature of the solvent, and presence of other ions. The movement of ions in solution explains properties like electrical conductivity and electrolysis.

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    Theory of Ionisation

    Uploaded by

    VIKRAM KUMAR
    445 views2 pages
    The Theory of Ionisation proposed by Arrhenius in 1887 explains the behavior of electrolytes in solution. According to the theory, when an electrolyte dissolves in water it dissociates into ions - charged particles called cations which are positively charged and anions which are negatively charged. These ions are in dynamic equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated states. The extent to which an electrolyte dissociates, or its degree of ionization, depends on factors like the nature of the electrolyte, temperature, dilution, nature of the solvent, and presence of other ions. The movement of ions in solution explains properties like electrical conductivity and electrolysis.

    Original Description:

    Dissociation of Ammonium Hydrosulphide

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    The Theory of Ionisation proposed by Arrhenius in 1887 explains the behavior of electrolytes in solution. According to the theory, when an electrolyte dissolves in water it dissociates into ions - charged particles called cations which are positively charged and anions which are negatively charged. These ions are in dynamic equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated states. The extent to which an electrolyte dissociates, or its degree of ionization, depends on factors like the nature of the electrolyte, temperature, dilution, nature of the solvent, and presence of other ions. The movement of ions in solution explains properties like electrical conductivity and electrolysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    445 views2 pages

    Theory of Ionisation

    Uploaded by

    VIKRAM KUMAR
    The Theory of Ionisation proposed by Arrhenius in 1887 explains the behavior of electrolytes in solution. According to the theory, when an electrolyte dissolves in water it dissociates into ions - charged particles called cations which are positively charged and anions which are negatively charged. These ions are in dynamic equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated states. The extent to which an electrolyte dissociates, or its degree of ionization, depends on factors like the nature of the electrolyte, temperature, dilution, nature of the solvent, and presence of other ions. The movement of ions in solution explains properties like electrical conductivity and electrolysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Theory of Ionisation

    Arrhenius (1887) put forward a theory to explain the behaviour of electrolytes in


    solution. This theory is known as Theory of ionisation or Theory of electrolytic
    dissociation.

    According to this theory:

    (i)    When an electrolyte (acid, base or salt) is dissolved in water, it breaks up or


    dissociates into two types of particles, one carrying positive charge while one carrying
    negative but equal charge. These charged particles are called ions. The particles carrying
    positive charge are called cations and those carrying negative charge are called anions.

    (ii)     The ions present in solution are constantly re-combing to form neutral molecules
    which again dissociate. Thus there is a state of equilibrium set up between the ionised
    and unionised molecules. Thus, 

    Applying the law of mass action to the ionic equilibrium,

     (Ionisation constant)

    (iii)     The extent to which an electrolyte dissociates into ions is known as degree of
    dissociation or ionisation   and depends upon the following factors:

      Nature of the electrolyte: Strong acids, bases and their salts are almost
    completely ionised, while the weak acids, bases and their salts are feebly ionised.

        Temperature: Ionisation increases with the increase of temperature. 

         Dilution: Ionisation also increases with the dilution at infinite dilution   is
    maximum.

      Nature of the solvent: It also affects ionisation to a marked degree. It cuts the
    lines of forces binding the two ions and separates them in solution. This effect of
    the solvent in measured by its dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of a
    solvent may be defined as “Its capacity to weaken the force of attraction between
    the dielectrical charges immersed in that solvent”. Water having a high dielectric
    constant (82) is a good and strong ionising solvent.

        Presence of other ions: Degree of ionisation of weak electrolytes is effected by


    the presence of other ions   (common ion effect etc.) e.g., solubility of AgCl
    decreases in presence of NaCl.

    (iv)  When an electric current is passed through the solution, negative ions (anions)
    move towards the anode  and positive ions (cations) move towards the cathode.

    The movement of the ions is thus responsible for the conduction of electricity through
    solution and hence explains the phenomenon of electrolysis. The electrical conductivity
    of a solution depends, therefore, on its power of ionisation. Glucose, urea etc. which do
    not ionise are regarded as bad conductors of electricity and strong electrolytes
    e.g.,   etc. which ionise almost completely are considered as good
    conductors.

    (v)    The ions behave as molecules in causing osmotic pressure, lowering of vapour
    pressure, depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point whereby their
    abnormal values can be accounted for.

    (vi)     The properties of electrolytes in solution are the properties of the ions which they
    produce.

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