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    Electromagnetism 1

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    Mikaella Tambis
    1. Electromagnetism deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism, including any principles or devices involving both magnetism and electric currents. 2. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents in a wire create magnetic fields around the wire. He showed that a compass needle is deflected when placed near a wire with a current. 3. Andre Marie Ampere further described magnetic fields by proposing the concept of magnetic field lines arranged in concentric circles around conductors carrying currents. The direction of these field lines can be determined using the right-hand rule.

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    Electromagnetism 1

    Uploaded by

    Mikaella Tambis
    85 views3 pages
    1. Electromagnetism deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism, including any principles or devices involving both magnetism and electric currents. 2. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents in a wire create magnetic fields around the wire. He showed that a compass needle is deflected when placed near a wire with a current. 3. Andre Marie Ampere further described magnetic fields by proposing the concept of magnetic field lines arranged in concentric circles around conductors carrying currents. The direction of these field lines can be determined using the right-hand rule.

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    1. Electromagnetism deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism, including any principles or devices involving both magnetism and electric currents. 2. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents in a wire create magnetic fields around the wire. He showed that a compass needle is deflected when placed near a wire with a current. 3. Andre Marie Ampere further described magnetic fields by proposing the concept of magnetic field lines arranged in concentric circles around conductors carrying currents. The direction of these field lines can be determined using the right-hand rule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    85 views3 pages

    Electromagnetism 1

    Uploaded by

    Mikaella Tambis
    1. Electromagnetism deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism, including any principles or devices involving both magnetism and electric currents. 2. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents in a wire create magnetic fields around the wire. He showed that a compass needle is deflected when placed near a wire with a current. 3. Andre Marie Ampere further described magnetic fields by proposing the concept of magnetic field lines arranged in concentric circles around conductors carrying currents. The direction of these field lines can be determined using the right-hand rule.

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    of 3

    ELECTROMAGNETISM

    It deals with the relationship between electricity and magnetism. It embraces any principle, application or
    devices where there is magnetism and electric current.

    DISCOVERY of ELECTROMAGNETISM or THE MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC


    CURRENT

    Hans Christian Oersted


    He found out that the electric motion of electric charges in a conductor or wire sets up a magnetic field
    around the wire.
    s

    I compass

    When s is open, I = 0, no When s is closed, I exist, needle has


    deflection of compass needle deflection perpendicular to the wire.

    DISCOVERY of MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCES

    Andre Marie Ampere – discovered the shape of magnetic lines around the current wire.
    Ampere described the magnetic field
    by magnetic lines of forces arranged in
    concentric circles around a conductor
    carrying current.
    The direction of concentric magnetic
    lines is either clockwise or
    counterclockwise.

    RIGHT-HAND THUMB RULE


    It determines the direction of magnetic field due to current.
    The rule states that:

    “If a conductor is grasped by the right hand with the thumb pointing to the
    conventional direction of current in the wire, the curled other fingers indicate the
    direction of the magnetic lines or field or flux.”

    1
    Using your right-hand:
    Point your thumb in the direction of
    the conventional current.Curl your
    other fingers into a half-circle around
    the wire, they point in the direction of
    the magnetic field, B

    Symbols for direction of Current

    Dot means Cross means


    current is current is
    toward the away from
    observer. the observer.

    The magnetic field around the The magnetic field around the
    conductor is in counterclockwise conductor is in clockwise
    direction direction.

    2
    A

    ᵠ
    f - magnetic flux ( lines or maxwell in cgs, weber in mks ) A - area in the magnetic field
    - imaginary lines representing magnetic field.

    Unit of B : N/ A-m or weber/ m2 or TESLA T in mks


    lines or maxwell / cm2 or GAUSS in cgs

    AMPERE’S LAW or BIOT- SAVART’S LAW


    It determines the magnetic induction at a point in the field due to current conductor. It states that
    “The magnetic induction at a point in the field of a current wire is directly proportional to the current
    I in it, its length L and its orientation but inversely with the square of the distance R from the wire.”

    Consider a current wire of element length △L :

    kIL sin 
     B   r2

    Where: r = distance from wire to point P


    ө = angle between the axis of wire of length△L and the line of the distance r
    k = permeability constant depending upon the unit used and the medium between △L and P

    Note : B is the summation or vector sum of the contribution of all the elements (△L)
    kI sin  L
    B( )  L
    B at point P (total magnetic induction) r2 0

    ( by integral calculus )


    If the line of the distance is perpendicular to the axis of the wire, θ is 90o and sin θ=1 , then
     2
    B = kI ʃ dL / r
    where: N = no. of turns of wire in the coil
    R = radius of the coil 3
    IR 2 μ = permeability of the medium
     center
    3. B atBthe I of
    3 a flat circular •
    coil: I •= current I in the coil
    B I R R
    22(aR  R )
    2 2 2

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