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    WAVE MOTION PPT Lecture Part 1 Revised

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    Mikaella Tambis
    The document describes different types of waves including mechanical waves like transverse and longitudinal waves, and electromagnetic waves. It discusses properties of waves such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and period. Examples are given of transverse waves like waves on a string and longitudinal waves like sound waves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    WAVE MOTION PPT Lecture Part 1 Revised

    Uploaded by

    Mikaella Tambis
    159 views25 pages
    The document describes different types of waves including mechanical waves like transverse and longitudinal waves, and electromagnetic waves. It discusses properties of waves such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and period. Examples are given of transverse waves like waves on a string and longitudinal waves like sound waves.

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    Prof Novida

    Original Title

    WAVE MOTION Ppt Lecture Part 1 Revised (1)

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    The document describes different types of waves including mechanical waves like transverse and longitudinal waves, and electromagnetic waves. It discusses properties of waves such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and period. Examples are given of transverse waves like waves on a string and longitudinal waves like sound waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    159 views25 pages

    WAVE MOTION PPT Lecture Part 1 Revised

    Uploaded by

    Mikaella Tambis
    The document describes different types of waves including mechanical waves like transverse and longitudinal waves, and electromagnetic waves. It discusses properties of waves such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, and period. Examples are given of transverse waves like waves on a string and longitudinal waves like sound waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    WAVE MOTION

    The Nature of Waves

    Wave is a traveling disturbance.


    Wave carries energy from place to place.
    Wave Motion- any disturbance propagated in a
    medium such as string, air, etc.
    Types of waves:
    1. Mechanical waves –waves that are produced
    in matter such as solid, liquid and gas
    2. Electromagnetic waves- waves that are
    produced in electric and magnetic fields and
    can propagate even in vacuum or empty
    space.
    Types of Mechanical Waves
    1. Transverse waves- waves which occur when
    the particles of the medium vibrate
    perpendicularly to the direction of the wave
    propagation.
    Ex. Waves produced on a vibrating string
    Illustration:
    Node, N – pt. of no vibration
    Antinode,A- pt. of maximum vibration
    A A Direction of wave propagation
    N N N N N
    A A
    2. Longitudinal waves- waves which occur when the
    particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the
    direction of wave propagation. They are also called
    compressional waves.
    Ex. Sound wave

    Compression or Condensation- region where particles are near each other

    Rarefaction- the region where the particles are far apart from each other
    Properties of a wave:
    1. Speed or Velocity (v)- the distance traveled per unit
    time. (cm/sec, m/sec, ft/sec)
    2. Frequency (f)- the number of similar waves which pass
    through a point per unit time or number of vibrations
    made by a particle per unit time. (vps, cps, hertz or hz)
    3. Wavelength (λ )- the length of one complete wave
    between two points which are in phase. (cm, m, ft)
    4. Period (T)- the time for a complete wave to pass
    through a point. (sec)
    5. Amplitude- the maximum displacement of the
    vibrating particle from the equilibrium position.
    Transverse waves
    Transverse waves

    A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is


    perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.
    Examples: waves on a guitar string.
    Longitudinal Waves
    Longitudinal Waves

    Longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel


    to the line of travel of the wave.
    Example: Sound wave in air is a longitudinal wave.
    Water Waves

    Water waves are partly transverse and longitudinal.


    Periodic Waves
    Periodic waves are waves that repeat.
    Amplitude, Wavelength, and Period

    The amplitude, A is the maximum disturbance.


    The wavelength, λ is the horizontal length of one cycle of the
    wave.
    The period, T is the time required for one complete up/down
    cycle of the wave.
    Frequency

    Frequency is the number of waves per unit time.


    Wave Speed
    Wave Speed
    Frequency of Vibrating String / Wire
    Consider a vibrating string:
    L
    v v
    A A
    2L N N
    
    N
    wavelength,
    n segment segment


    Velocity of Transverse Wave W

    (for vibrating string)


    T
    Frequency, f
    v
    m n T
    L f  (string)
    2L m
    L
    Velocity of Transverse Wave
    (for vibrating wire)
    n T
    f  (wire)
    2 T dL 
    v
    d 
    NOTE:
    • n corresponds to the “nth harmonic frequency
    mode.”
    • nth harmonic frequency mode corresponds to
    the “nth overtone +1”
    Example:
    A string vibrates in the 12 th harmonic
    n segment = 12
    A string vibrates in the 10 th overtone
    n segment = 10  1  11
    A string vibrates in 10 nodes
    n segment = 10  1  9
    The Speed of a Traveling Wave
    16-1 Transverse Waves

    Two snapshots of the wave: at time t=0, and then


    at time t=Δt. As the wave moves to the right at
    velocity ν, the entire curve shifts a distance Δx
    during Δt.
    Mathematical Description of a Wave
    Wave function for a sinusoidal wave
    y  f x, t  wave function that describes the wave. This gives the
    displacement (from equilibrium) of any particle at any time

    y 𝒙, 𝒕 = 𝒚𝒎 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒌𝒙 − ω𝒕) Sinusoidal wave moving in (+) x direction

    y 𝒙, 𝒕 = 𝒚𝒎 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒌𝒙 + ω𝒕) Sinusoidal wave moving in (-) x direction

    also v  f Where:
    V - wave speed (m/s, cm/s)
      2f ω- angular frequency (rad/sec)
    2 k – wave number (rad/m)
    k λ – wavelength (m,cm)
     𝒚𝒎 - amplitude
    4. A certain guitar string 50 cm long at its fixed points sounds an A-
    note (440 Hz) when plucked. Where one must put his finger to
    play a C-note (528 Hz)
    5. A transverse sine wave with an amplitude of 2.50 mm and a
    wavelength of 1.8 m travels from left to right along a long,
    horizontal, stretched string with a speed of 36 m/s. Take the origin
    at the left of the undisturbed string. At time t= 0 the left end of the
    string has its maximum upward displacement.
    (a) What are the frequency, angular frequency and wave number of
    the wave?
    (b) What is the equation for y(x,t) that describes the wave?
    (c) What is y(t) for the particle at the left end of the string?
    (d) What is y(t) for a particle 1.35 m to the right end of the origin?
    (e) What is the maximum magnitude of transverse velocity of any
    particle of string?
    (f) Find the transverse displacement and the transverse velocity of a
    particle 1.35 m to the right of the origin at time t= 0.0625s.
    6. A sinusoidal wave is traveling on the string with speed 40
    cm/s. The displacement of the particles of the string at x = 10
    cm varies with time according to y = (5.0 cm) sin[1.0 –
    (4.0𝑠 −1 )𝑡 ]. The linear density of the string is 4.0 g/cm . What
    are
    a) the frequency
    b) the wavelength of the wave
    c) write the wave equation
    d) the amplitude
    e) wave number
    f) angular speed
    g) tension in the string
    h) give the equation for 𝑉𝑦 (𝑥,𝑡) and 𝑎𝑦 (𝑥,𝑡)

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