International Journal of Chemtech Research: Pravin Pawar, Raj Ballav, Amaresh Kumar

International Journal of ChemTech Research
CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555

Vol.10 No.3, pp 137-142, 2017
Modeling and Simulation of Drilling Process in Ti-6Al-4V,

Al6061 Using Deform-3D Software
Pravin Pawar1*, Raj Ballav2, Amaresh Kumar2

1
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, National Institute
of Technology, Jamshedpur, India, 831014
2
Associate Professor, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Jamshedpur, India, 831014
Abstract : The drilling is an important process for the manufacturing of any products. In the
present work the drilling process is carried out by finite element modeling and simulated with
the help of DEFORM-3D software. The diamond drill bit tool is used for drilling of Ti-6Al-4V
and Al6061 alloy material. The titanium alloy which is widely used in the field of biomedical
applications, whereas the Al6061 aluminum alloy is mostly applicable in automotive and
aerospace industries. The geometrical shape and input process conditions are same for both
materials. According to the simulated results, it is observed that the Ti-6Al-4V material shows
the maximum effective stress and temperature during the drilling process than Al6061
material, which may possibly be an effect of physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V material.
Keywords: Drilling Process, Ti-6Al-4V, Al6061 Deform-3D Software.
1. Introduction
Titanium alloy has biocompatibility properties due to which it is used in biomedical applications such
as artificial hip joints, cardiac valve prostheses, artificial knee joints, bone plates, screws for fracture fixation,
dental implants, dental crowns, dental bridges 1. The aluminum alloy also has a variety of applications i.e. the
pressure vessels, cooking utensils, construction of machines, structures and appliances, automotive industry and
aerospace industry2. The titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, both materials have the wide range of applications,
hence there is the requirement of different machining process which can be applied to these materials for the
production of various products. The drilling process is mostly used for making a hole in the materials. It is one
of the important and the final step in the manufacturing of mechanical components. In advancement, the drilling
process has a touch of different simulated software which will help to predict the various parameters related to
this process. The AdvantEdge software is used to predict the thrust force, torque, deformation, drills
temperatures and stresses of Ti-6Al-4V using a spiral point drill3. Similarly, the effect of high ultra cutting
speeds on the residual stress in the drilling of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy also obtained by using numerical
methodology4. For the drilling of the aluminum, the workpiece is analyzed by diamond coated carbide drills,
whereas uncoated carbide tools were used for drilling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, which is resulted into the
influence of cutting speed and feed rate on burr size, hole diameter 5. The investigated force and deformation of
structural steel broach tool was applied to titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, magnesium alloy by
using ANSYS software. According to them, maximum stress was occurred on the titanium alloy 6.
Pravin Pawar et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2017,10(3):137-142. 138
In the present study the drilling process is analyzed by using DEFORM-3D Software which is an
extremely effective in a wide range of research institutes and industrial applications 7. The diamond drill is used
as a tool to drill the titanium alloy and aluminum alloy in cylindrical shape.
2. Finite Element Method and Simulation Model

The finite element method analysis was executed by DEFORM-3D software. It is developed by SFTC
(Columbus, OH)8, The FEM analyses in DEFORM-3D having three steps: preprocessor, simulation and post
processor (Deform 3D-V6.1, User’s Manual). In the pre-processor, the original data for modeling and
simulation should be set9. In this work, the FEM code is created based on Lagrangian incremental
computational routine. The study shows drilling of cylindrical shape titanium alloy and aluminum alloy using a
diamond drill bit. The tool and Workpiece are modeled as plastic geometry shape and figure 1 presents the
meshed model of tool and workpiece. In this geometry model drill tool having elements of 8780 and nodes of
2365 and Workpiece having elements of 46394 and nodes of 10364. The material properties of diamond,
titanium alloy and aluminum alloy are shown in table1.
Figure 1. Deformed Meshed model for the drilling process simulation
Table1: Materials Properties
N Materials Density Young's Poisson's Shear Yield

o. (g/cm3) Modulus Ratio Modulus Strength
(GPa) (GPa)
1 Diamond 3.50 1050 0.10-0.29 478.0 60 GPa
2 Al6061 2.7 68.9 0.33 26.00 276 MPa
3 Ti-6Al-4V 4.42 110 0.31 40.00 950 MPa
3. Workpiece materials and Cutting Tool Parameters

In this FEM analysis diamond drill tool material is used for making a drill in the cylindrical shape in Ti-
6Al-4V and Al 6061 alloy material. The cutting speeds 1000 mm/sec and the feed rate of 0.5 mm/rev were
applied as machining parameters in the simulated drilling process. The tool wears calculations using equations 1
empirical Usui model. Table 2 shows the input of cutting parameters and simulation values for drilling
operations.
____________ (1)
P= interface pressure, V= sliding velocity
T= interface temperature (in degrees)

Dt= time increment
a,b = experimentally calibrated coefficients, a= 1e-5, b=1000
Table 2: Geometrical, Input and Simulated parameters
Main Category Sub Category Values

Cutting Parameters
Cutting Speed 1000 mm/sec
Feed Rate 0.5 mm/rev
Temperature 20 c
Convection coefficient 0.02 N/sec/mm/C
Tool Workpiece Parameters
Shear friction Factor 0.6
Heat transfer 45 N/sec/mm/C
coefficient
Drill Geometry Parameters
Drill bit diameters 10mm
Number of flutes 2
(cutting edges)
Drill radius 5 mm
Web thickness 1.8mm
Helix angle 30 deg
Point angle 118 deg
Margin 0.4 mm
Clearance 0.2 mm
Workpiece geometry Parameters
Diameter 30mm
Thickness 5mm
Simulations Steps
Number of simulation 1000
steps
Step increment 25
Drill depth 2.5 mm
4. Results and Discussion
Figure 2 Load Predictions and

Figure 2 shows Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy load prediction of the drilling process at 1000 simulation step
interval. The maximum load occurred was 2.72e+3 and maximum effective stress obtained 1500 at 1000
simulation steps interval. There is no any deformation between drill tip point and Workpiece surface during
drilling operation because of materials physical properties. The figure 3 shows that the total displacement
obtained during drilling operation which is maximum up to 8.91mm and temperature occurred during drilling of
Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material is about 618˚C and it shows very less deformation which indicates that the
temperature generates between tool and workpiece deformed area.
Effective Stress in Drilling Operations of TI-6Al-4V Material
Figure 3 Total Displacements and Temperature in Drilling Operations of TI-6Al-4V Material.
Figure 4 shows a load prediction of the Al6061 aluminum alloy during the drilling process at 1000
simulation step interval. The maximum load occurred was 1.83e+3 and maximum effective stress obtained 739
at 1000 simulation steps interval. The deformation was observed between drill tip point and Workpiece surface
during drilling operation because of physical properties material. The figure 5 show, the total displacement
obtained during a drilling operation and it is maximum up to 8.91mm and temperature occurred during drilling
of Al6061 aluminum alloy material is about 260 C and its shows very less deformation which indicate that the
temperature generates between tool and workpiece deformed area.
Figure 4 Load Predictions and Effective Stress in Drilling Operations of Al6061Material

Figure 5 Total Displacements and Temperature in Drilling Operations of Al6061 Material.
Figure 6 shows effective stress versus materials and temperature versus materials. The effective stress, as well
as temperature, is occurred maximum in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy material in a drilling process as compared to
Al6061 aluminum alloy material due to its physical and mechanical properties of materials.
Figure 6 Graph of Effective stress Vs Materials and Graph of Temperature Vs Materials.
5. Conclusion
This paper proposed finite element method analysis of diamond tool drilling process applied on Ti-6Al-
4V titanium alloy and Al6061 aluminum alloy material. The DEFORM-3D software is used for modeling and
simulation of the drilling process to estimate stress and temperature occurred during this process.
From this analysis, it is concluded that maximum effective stress of 1500 Mpa and maximum
temperature of 618˚C occurred in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy than that of Al6061 aluminum alloy material
because of its physical and mechanical properties.
References
1. Elias C.N., Lima J.H.C., Valiev R., Meyers M.A., Biomedical Applications of Titanium and its Alloys,
JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2008, 60, 46-49.
2. J.R. Davis, Alloying: Understanding the Basics, First edition ASM International, United States of
America, 2001, 351-416.
3. Li R., Shih A.J. Finite Element Modeling of High-Throughput Drilling of TI-6AL-4V, Transactions of
NAMRI/SME, 2007, 35, 73-80.
4. Nobre J.P., Outeiro J.C. Evaluating residual stresses induced by drilling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Using
an Experimental-Numerical Methodology, Procedia CIRP, 2015, 31, 215-220.
5. Abdelhafeez A.M., Soo S.L., Aspinwall D.K., Dowson A., Arnold D. Burr Formation and Hole Quality
When Drilling Titanium and Aluminium Alloys, Procedia CIRP, 2015, 37, 230 – 235.
6. Pawar P., Ballav R., Kumar A., Finite Element Method Broach Tool Drilling Analysis Using Explicit
Dynamics ANSYS, International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies, 2016, 8(2), 54-60.
7. The official web-site of the Deform Software [http://www.deform.com/]
8. Columbus, O.H. Deform-3D Machining (Turning) Lab, Scientific Forming Technologies Corporations,
Ohio, 2007.
9. Deform 3D-V6.1 User’s Manual.
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International Journal of ChemTech Research

CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555

Modeling and Simulation of Drilling Process in Ti-6Al-4V,

Pravin Pawar1*, Raj Ballav2, Amaresh Kumar2

2. Finite Element Method and Simulation Model

Figure 1. Deformed Meshed model for the drilling process simulation

Table1: Materials Properties

N Materials Density Young's Poisson's Shear Yield

3. Workpiece materials and Cutting Tool Parameters

T= interface temperature (in degrees)

Table 2: Geometrical, Input and Simulated parameters

Main Category Sub Category Values

4. Results and Discussion

Figure 2 Load Predictions and

Effective Stress in Drilling Operations of TI-6Al-4V Material

Figure 3 Total Displacements and Temperature in Drilling Operations of TI-6Al-4V Material.

Figure 4 Load Predictions and Effective Stress in Drilling Operations of Al6061Material

Figure 5 Total Displacements and Temperature in Drilling Operations of Al6061 Material.

Figure 6 Graph of Effective stress Vs Materials and Graph of Temperature Vs Materials.

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