Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge 2013, Fourth Year, Category A – Solutionb

1. One of two complementary angles added to 6. Find the exact value of cos 75°.
one-half the other yields 62°. Find the Solution:
measures of the two angles. cos 75° = cos(45° + 30°)
Solution: cos 75° = cos 45° cos 30° - sin 45° sin 30°
Let x = measure of the angle cos 75° = [(√2/2)  (√3/2)] – [(√2/2)  (1/2)]
Let 90-x = measure of the complement cos 75° = (√6/2) - (√2/2) or (√6 - √2)/2
90-x √6 - √2
x + 2 = 62° Answer: 2
2x + 90 – x = 124
2x – x = 124 – 90 2-1 x5 y 3
x = 34° 7. Simplify ( )
3x-3 y-4
Since x is needed to get the complement and x is Solution:
equal to 34°, then 90 – 34 = 56° 2-1 x5 y 3 x3 ∙ x5 ∙ y ∙ y4 3 x8 y5 3 (x8 y5 )
3
x24 y15
Answer: 34° and 56°. ( ) =( ) =( ) = 3 =
3x-3 y-4 3∙2 6 6 216
x24 y15
2. Find the amplitude and period of the Answer: 216
θ
function y = -3 sin5.
8. How many 5-digit even numbers can be
formed out of the digits 2, 4, 5, 8, and 9
3. Find the equation of the line passing (without repetition)?
through (3, -10) and whose slope is half the Solution:
slope of the line 4x – 2y + 1 = 0.
Solution: 2 or 4 or 2 or 4 2 or 4 2 or 4 2 or 4
To get the slope in standard or general form: 8; 9, 5 or 8; 5 or 8 or 8 or 8
-A - (4)
m1 = B = -2 = 2, m1 = 2 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 3
m2 = m1/2 = 2/2 = 1, m2 = 1
y = mx + b Answer: 72 numbers.
-10 = 1(3) + b
-10 = 3 + b 9. Find the inverse of y = log3 (5x + 2).
b = -13, so y = x – 13. Solution:
Answer: y = x – 13. Change logarithmic to exponential.
y = log3 (5x + 2)  5x + 2 = 3y
4. A closed rectangular box is of uniform Interchange x and y  5y + 2 = 3x
thickness x inches. The box has outer 5y = 3x – 2  y = (3x – 2)/5
dimensions 6 inches, 4 inches, and 3 inches Answer: y = (3x – 2)/5
and it has an inside volume of 30 cubic
inches. Find x. 10. In parallelogram RSTU, angle R is (3x+y)°,
Solution: angle S is (y-4)°, and angle T is (4x-8)°. Find
Volume = LWH angle U. R U
Inside Volume = 30 cubic inches Solution:
Inside Volume = (L – 2x) (W – 2x) (H – 2x) First Equation:
S T
30 = (6 – 2x) (4 – 2x) (3 – 2x) Since S + T = 180°,
30 = (24 – 20x + 4x2) (3 – 2x) Then, y – 4 + 4x – 8 = 180
30 = 72 – 108x + 52x2 - 8x3 Therefore, 4x + y = 192
8x3 – 52x2 + 108x – 42 = 0 Second Equation:
(2x – 1) (8x2 – 48x + 84) = 0 Since R + S = 180°,
Since 2x – 1 is a factor of 8x3 – 52x2 + 108x – 42 Then, 3x + y + y – 4 = 180
= 0, then 2x = 1, x = ½. Therefore, 3x + 2y = 184
Answer: x = ½. Systems of Linear Equation
3(4x + y = 192)  12x + 3y = 576
5. Find the center and radius of the circle x2 – 4(3x + 2y = 184)  - 12x + 8y = 736
4x + y2 + 14y + 47 = 0. - 5y = - 160
Solution: y = 32
By completing the square, Since we need to find the value of angle U, and U
x2 – 4x + y2 + 14y + 47 = 0 = S are alternate interior angles, then:
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 14y + 49 = -47 + 4 + 49 U = S = (y – 4) °
(x – 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = √6 U = (32 – 4) °
U = 28°
A B R Answer: U = 28°
Answer: Center: (2, -7), Radius: √6.
11. Suppose f(t) = A  20.02t represents the 3x + 1 ≤ 1 – 2x 3x + 1 ≥ -1 + 2x
bacteria present in a culture t minutes from 5x ≤ 0, x ≤ 0 x ≥ -2
the start of an experiment. Give an expression
for the number of minutes needed for the Answer: {x: -2 ≤ x ≤ 0}
bacteria to double.
Solution: 17. Find the two points that divide the
Let x = number of bacteria, x = A  20.02t segment joining (-2, 5) and (4, -7) into three
Let 2x = number of bacteria being doubled equal parts.
2x = A  20.02t
2x A ∙20.02t 2x 2x x-3
= A  = 20.02t  log = log 20.02t 18. If f (5 - x) = 3x - 2, find f(x).
A A A
2x
2x log (0.02)(t) log 2
log A
= (0.02)(t) log 2  (0.02) Alog 2 = (0.02) log 2
19. Workers A and B, working together, can
2x 1 x finish a job in 8 hours. If they work together
t = log A ∙ log (0.02)2  t = log 0.02A for 6 hours after which Worker A leaves, then
Worker B needs 9 more hours to finish the
x
Answer: t = log job. How long does it take Worker A to do the
0.02A
job alone?
12. One side of a rectangle is 6 cm, and its
adjacent side measures one-third of the 20. Find the coefficient of the term involving
rectangle’s perimeter. Find the dimensions of x2 in the expansion (x + 3x-2)8.
the rectangle. Solution:
Solution: (x + 3x-2)8 = (x4+12x+6x6+36x2+36x3+9x8)2
First Equation: Since 12x is the only term that when squared
Let x = adjacent side of the rectangle results to a coefficient involving x2, then 122 = 144
Let P/3 = adjacent side of the rectangle Answer: 144
So, x = P/3 and P = 3x
Second Equation: 21. In the figure, arc RS = 115°, arc RT = 80°,
Since P = 2L + 2W and angle O = 5°. Find arc TU.
Then, P = 2(6) + 2x, so P = 12 + 2x Solution:
3x = 12 + 2x  3x – 2x = 12  x = 12 Angle O = ½ (arc RT – arc SU)
5° = ½ (80° - arc SU)
Answer: 6 cm and 12 cm. 10° = 80° – arc SU
- 80° + 10° = - arc SU
13. If the area of a rectangle is 6x – 2x3 + 4, Arc SU = 70°
and its width is 2 – x, find its length.
Solution: - Synthetic Division Since All Arcs of Circle is equal to 360°, then,
2 -2 0 6 4 Arc RT + Arc RS + Arc SU + Arc TU = 360°
-4 -8 -4 80° + 115° + 70° + Arc TU = 360°
-2 -4 -2 0 265° + Arc TU = 360°
Arc TU = 360° - 265°
Answer: –2x2 – 4x – 2 Arc TU = 95°
Answer: Arc TU = 95°
14. The diameter of a basketball is 9 inches. If
it is completely submerged in water, how 22. In the figure, ΔABC is similar to ΔADB. If
much water will be displaced? Give your AD = 3 and AB = 8, find AC.
answer in terms of π. Solution:
Solution: AB = √ (AD) (AC)  8 = √ 3(AC)
Volume of Sphere = (4πr3)/3 (8)2 = [√ 3(AC)]2
V = [4π(4.5)]3/3 64 = 3(AC)
V = (18π3)/3 AC = 64/3
V = 6π3 cubic inches Answer: AC = 64/3

Answer: 6π3 cubic inches 23. In the figure, concentric circles with radii 4
and 5 have center P. Find AC, given that it is
π tangent to the inner circle and is a chord of
15. Find all x ∈ [ 2 , π] such that 3 cos2 x + 10 the outer circle.
sin x = 6. Solution:
BP is the radius of the smaller circle, BP = 4
3x + 1
16. Solve the inequality | 1 - 2x | ≤ 1. Draw an imaginary line from point P to point C.
Solution: - Disjunction: PC serves as radius of the larger circle, PC = 5
3x + 1 3x + 1 Since, tangent AC is perpendicular to BP,
1 - 2x
≤1 1 - 2x
≥ -1 Then, triangle PBC is a right triangle.
To find BC, use Pythagorean Theorem. r = 2s – r + 2s2 – rs
BC = √ (PC)2 – (BP)2  BC = √ (5)2 – (4)2 r + r + rs = 2s + 2s2
BC = √ 25 – 16  BC = √ 9  BC = 3 2r + rs = 2s + 2s2
AC = AB + BC  AB = BC r(2 + s) = 2s + 2s2
AC = 2(BC)  AC = 2(3)  AC = 6 2s + 2s2
r = 2+s
2s + 2s2
Answer: AC = 6 Answer: r = 2+s

24. If a fair coin is tossed five times, find the 29. The expression x3 + ax2 + bx + 6 has the
probability that exactly three tosses show same remainder when divided by x + 1 or by 2
heads. – x. If the remainder when the expression is
Solution: divided by x + 3 is -60, find a and b.
HH HT HT TT All Heads - 1 Solution: - Remainder Theorem
H HHH HHT HHT HTT Outcome - 8 First Equation:
T HHT HTT HTT TTT P(3H) = 1/8 (x)3 + a(x)2 + b(x) + 6 = (x)3 + a(x)2 + b(x) + 6
Answer: P(3H) = 1/8 (-1)3 + a(-1)2 + b(-1) + 6 = (2)3 + a(2)2 + b(2) + 6
-1 + a – b + 6 = 8 + 4a + 2b + 6
25. Find the value of a so that points (-1, -2), 3a + 3b = -9
(6, a), and (-10, 2) lie on a straight line. Second Equation:
Solution: (x)3 + a(x)2 + b(x) + 6 = -60
Slope of (-1, -2) and (-10,2) = - 4/9 (-3)3 + a(-3)2 + b(-3) + 6 = -60
y – y1 = m(x – x1)  y + 2 = (-4/9)(x + 1) -27 + 9a – 3b + 6 = -60
y + 2 = (-4x – 4)/9  9y + 18 = - 4x – 4 9a – 3b = 39
4x + 9y + 22 = 0 Systems of Linear Equation:
Substitute (6, a)  4(6) + 9a + 22 = 0 3a + 3b = -9 3a + 3b = -9
24 + 9a + 22 = 0  9a = -46 a = -46/9 + 9a – 3b = -39 3(-4) + 3b = -9
Answer: a = -46/9 12a = -48 -12 + 3b = -9
a = -4 b=1
26. Find the product of the roots of the Answer: a = -4, b = 1
quadratic equation 3x – 5x2 + 1 = 0.
Solution: 30. A square is inscribed inside a circle of
Product = c/a  1/-5 radius 10 cm. Find the perimeter of the
Answer: -1/5 square.
Solution:
27. Miranda trained consistently, so that she Diameter of a circle = 20 cm. 20 cm
can finish a race in 1 hour. During the race, Diagonal of a square = 20 cm.
she ran at the rate of 8 kph. However, upon 45° - 45° - 90° Triangle
reaching the halfway point of the race, she Hypotenuse = side  √2
realized she needed to run faster so she Side = 20/√2 = 20√2/2 = 10√2
increased her speed to 10 kph. If she reached P = 4s = 4(10√2) = 40√2 cm.
her goal just in time, how long was the race? Answer: 40√2 cm.
Solution:
Let x = distance traveled by Miranda 31. Write (log37)(log43)(log76) as single logarithm.
Let x/2 = halfway point Solution:
Let y = time Miranda used on the first half log3 4/ log7 3  log7 6  Answer: log4 6
Let 1 – y = time Miranda used on the second half
First Equation: Second Equation: 32. A bookshelf has 8 history books and 10
x x
2 2 cooking books. You will select 10 books – 2
=8 = 10
y 1- y history books and 8 cooking books to bring
x/2 = 8y x/2 = 10(1 – y) on a trip. How many choices are possible?
x = 16y x = 20 – 20y Solution:
x – 16y = 0 x + 20y = 20 nCr = n! / [(n - r)!  r!]  8C2 = 8! / [(8 - 2)!  2!]
Systems of Linear Equation: 8C2 = (876!)/(6!  2)  8C2 = (87)/2  8C2 = 28
16(x + 20y = 20)  16x + 320y = 320 nCr = n! / [(n - r)!  r!]  10C8 = 10! / [(10 - 8)!  8!]
20(x – 16y = 0)  + 20x – 320y = 0 10C8 = (1098!) / [2  8!]  10C8 = (109)/2
36x = 320 10C8 = 45
x = 320/36 or 80/9
Answer: 80/9 km 45 x 28 = 1260 choices
Answer: 1260 choices
r
28. Solve for r in terms of s, where 2s-r = 1 + s.
Solution: 33. Factor completely: 2x6 + 3x5 – 8x4 – 12x3.
r = (1 + s)(2s – r) Solution:
x5(2x + 3) – 4x3(2x + 3)  (x5 – 4x3)(2x + 3) 1 1
x3(x2 – 4)(2x + 3)  x3(x + 2)(x – 2)(2x + 3) (3a - 1)(4a - 9) [ + ] (3a - 1)(4a - 9)
(3a - 1) (4a - 9)
Answer: (x + 2)(x – 2)(2x + 3) 4a – 9 + 3a - 1 7a - 10
=
(4a - 9)(3a - 1) 12a2 - 31a + 9
34. In parallelogram ABCD, AC meets BD at O. 7a - 10
Suppose that OA = 3x – 2, OC = 13 – 6x, and Answer: 2
12a - 31a + 9
OB = 3x + 2. Find OD.
Solution: 41. The dial on a combination lock contains
3x – 2 = 13 – 6x  6x + 3x = 13 + 2 three wheels, each of which is labeled with a
9x = 15  x = 15/9 digit from 0 to 9. How many possible
OB = OD = 3(15/9) + 2 = 7 combinations does the lock have if digits may
Answer: OD = 7 not be repeated?
Solution:
35. Solve for x: log(x – 4) + log(x – 7) = 1. 10 x 9 x 8 = 720
Solution: 98765 98765 98765
log(x – 4)(x – 7) = 1  x2 – 11x + 28 = 10 43210 4321 432 Answer: 720
x2 – 11x + 18 = 0  (x – 9)(x – 2) = 0  x = 9
Answer: x = 9 10 x 9
x 8
36. If (√x2)4 = y-1 = 16, find the possible values
of x and y. 42. Find and identify the asymptote of the
Solution: graph of y = 4x – 1 + 3.
(√x2)4 = y-1 = 16  x2 = 1/y = 16 Solution:
x2 = 16  x = ±4 Let x = 0
1/y = 16  1 = 16y  y = 1/16 y = 4x – 1 + 3  y = 40 – 1 + 3
Answer: x = ±4, y = 1/16 y = 4-1 + 3  y = ¼ + 3  y = 3¼
Answer: y = 3¼
37. If f(x) = √2x – 3 and g(x) = 1/(x + 1), find the
domain of (f o g)(x). 3 2 3
43. Solve for x: (x - x) + (x - x) – 6 = 0
Solution:
f(x) = √2x – 3  √2[1/(x + 1)] – 3 Solution:
f(x) = √2/(x + 1) – 3  √2 – 3x – 3/x + 1 Let u = x – 3/x
f(x) = √– 1 – 3x /x + 1 u2 + u – 6 = 0  (u – 2)(u + 3) = 0, u = -3, 2
D: -1/3 ≤ x < -1
Answer: D: {-1/3 ≤ x < -1} Since u = x – 3/x, substitute the values of u
u = x – 3/x  2 = x – 3/x  2x = x2 – 3
38. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the x2 – 2x – 3 = 0  (x – 1)(x + 3) = 0  x = 1, -3
ration 4:2:6:3. Find measure of the largest u = x – 3/x  -3 = x – 3/x  -3x = x2 – 3
angle. -b ± √b2 - 4ac
x2 + 3x – 3 = 0  x = 2a
Solution:
Add all ratios – 4 + 2 + 6 + 3 = 15 -3 ± √32 – 4(1)(-3) -3 ± √9 + 12 -3 ± √21
Divide 360° by 15 = 24° x= 2(1)
x= 2
x = 2
Since 6 is the largest in the set of ratios, -3 ± √21
Multiply 24° by 6 = 144° Answer: x = 1, -3, 2
Answer: 144°
44. Let C be a circle of radius 8 inches, having
39. Suppose that P(x) is a polynomial such a chord of length 3 inches. Find the central
that the remainder of P(x) ÷ (x – 2) is -5 and angle opposite this chord.
the remainder of P(x) ÷ (x – 3) is 7. Is it Solution:
possible for P(x) to have (a) exactly one root C = 2πr  C = 16π
between 2 and 3? (b) two roots between 2 and Since the chord is 3 inches, divide 16π by 3
3? (c) no root between 2 and 3? Convert to degrees, 16π/3 = 960°
Answer: Yes, Yes, No To get the length of an arc, S = r θ.
960 = 8Θ  960/8 = Θ  Θ = 120°.
40. Simplify to a single fraction: Answer: 120°
2a + 5 a-2
2
+ 2 45. If p = log 2, q = log 5, and r = log 7, express
6a + 13a - 5 4a - 17a + 18
Solution: log 50 + log 70 – log2 7 in terms of p, q, and r.
2a + 5 a-2 Solution:
[ 2 + 2
] log 50 = log(2)(5)(5)  p + q + q
6a + 13a - 5 4a - 17a + 18 log 70 = 2 log(2)(5)(7)  2(p + q + r)
2a + 5 a-2
[ + ] log2 7 = log(7)/2  r/2
(3a - 1)(2a + 5) (4a - 9)(a - 2)
p + q + q + 2p + 2q + 2r – r/2  3p + 4q + 2r – r/2
Answer: 3p + 4q + 2r – r/2

46. If four-number codes are formed randomly

from the digits 0 to 9, what is the probability
that the two middle digits are the same?

47. For what value/s of k does the graph of y =

3x2 – kx + k have a minimum value of 3?
Solution:
k = (4ac – b2)/4a  3 = [4(3)(k) – k2]/4(3)
3 = (12k – k2)/12  36 = 12k – k2
k2 – 12 k – 36 = 0  (k – 6)(k – 6) = 0, k = 6
Answer: k = 6

48. Find the domain of the function

f(x) = (√x + 3)/ (√x – 8).
Answer: D: {x > 8 and x ≤ -3}

49. The x- and y-intercept of a line are -9 and 6

respectively. Find the point on the line whose
ordinate is 5.
Solution:
y = mx + b  0 = -9m + 6  -6 = -9m
m = 2/3  5 = 2x/3 + 6  -1 = 2x/3
-3 = 2x  x = -3/2
Answer: (-3/2, 5)

50. Suppose that an airplane climbs at an

angle of 30°. If its speed is maintained at 550
kilometers per hour, how long will it take to
reach a height of 15 kilometers?
Solution:
Let x = time travelled with a height of 15 km.
Speed = Distance/Time 60°
550/1 = 30km/x 30 km
550x = 30 15 km
x = 30/550
x = 3/55 hr. 30°

Answer: 3/55 hr.