Sa 395

SPECIFICATION FOR FERRITIC DUCTILE IRON
PRESSURE-RETAINING CASTINGS FOR USE AT

ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
SA-395
[Identical with ASTM Specification A 395-88 (Reapproved 1993)⑀1.]
1. Scope A 834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron

1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for Castings for General Industrial Use
pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
(Note 1). rials
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Mate-
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other rials
piping components are generally manufactured in E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
jobber, or dealer. E 59 Test Method of Sampling Steel and Iron for Determi-
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements Specifica- nation of Chemical Composition
tion A 834 may be utilized. E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to
41⁄2-in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
1.4 The values stated within this specification are in E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (41⁄2 to
inch /pound units. A separate Specification A 395M is 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
the metric companion to this specification. The text in E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to
both is identical. 2 in. (51 mm) in Thickness
NOTE 1 — For service other than as specified in this section, reference
E 689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings. 2.2 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the
Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP 25 (1964 edition) Standard Marking Systems for
2. Referenced Documents Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Unions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Graphite in Iron Castings 3. Ordering Information
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test- 3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall
ing of Steel Products include the following applicable information:
A 395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-
Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures 3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number or part identifica-
(Metric) tions,
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings 3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
A 732 /A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, 3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application,
and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Tem- 3.1.4 Heat treating requirements (see 4.2.1),
peratures 3.1.5 Pressure test requirements (see 6.4.2),
747
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Copyright ASME International

Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
SA-395 2004 SECTION II
3.1.6 Test samples from castings (see 9.1.1 and 6. Requirements

10.1.1), 6.1 Tensile: The ductile iron as represented by the test
3.1.7 Test coupons size (see 9.2), specimens shall conform to the following requirements
for tensile properties:
3.1.8 Metallographic option (see 10.1.1),
Tensile strength, min, MPa 60 000 psi
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3.1.9 Place of inspection (see 14.1), Yield strength, min, MPa 40 000 psi
Elongation in % min, % 18
3.1.10 Certification requirements (see 15.1),
3.1.11 Identification marking (see 16.2), and 6.2 Hardness:
6.2.1 The hardness of the castings and test speci-
3.1.12 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.3 and mens shall be within the following limits:
S1).
HB, 3000 kgf load 143-187
6.3 Microstructure:
4. Materials and Manufacture 6.3.1 The microstructure of the separately cast test
4.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice coupon or the casting shall be essentially ferritic and
shall be optional with the foundry. contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of
90% Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 7 or Plate I
4.2 Except as provided in 4.2.1, all castings shall be of Test Method A 247.
given a ferritizing heat treatment that produces essentially
6.4 Pressure Test Requirements:
a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides.
6.4.1 Each pressure retaining casting shall be tested
4.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings after machining to the test pressure specified by the appli-
may be provided in an as cast condition provided they cable standard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and Pressure Ves-
comply with the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2.1. sel Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.
4.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 4.2.1 6.4.2 Castings ordered under this specification not
may be stress relieved by agreement between the manu- covered by ANSI standards and ASME Pressure Vessel
facturer and purchaser. Code, and castings for special service applications, shall
be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon by
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5. Chemical Requirements 6.4.3 It is realized that the foundry may be unable
to perform the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or that
5.1 The casting shall conform to the following the purchaser may wish to defer testing until additional
requirements for chemical composition (Note 2): work or machining has been performed on the casting.
Total carbon, min,% 3.00 Castings ordered in the rough state for final machining
Silicon, max,% 2.50 by the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to
Phosphorus, max,% 0.08 shipment by the manufacturer at pressures to be agreed
upon with the purchaser. However, the foundry is respon-
5.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall sible for the satisfactory performance of the castings
be made on chilled cast pencil type specimens or from under the final hydrostatic test.
thin wafers approximately 1 / 32 in. thick cut from test
coupons. Drillings are not reliable because of the probable
loss of graphite. 7. Workmanship and Finish
7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined
5.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01% below the maxi- visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale,
mum specified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08% cracks, and hot tears. Any other surface discontinuities
silicon above the specified maximum will be permitted shall meet visual acceptance standards specified in the
up to a maximum of 2.75%. order.
NOTE 2 — Silicon contents above 2.75%, or phosphorus contents
above 0.08% have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the
8. Repair
material. If the carbon content is below 3.00%, excess cementite may
form during cooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, 8.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps,
the impact resistance of the material may be lowered. and other piping components ordered under applicable
748

PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-395
ANSI standards shall not be repaired by plugging, weld- be done on pressure containing portions of castings. The
ing, brazing, or impregnation. plug need not be threaded. The conditions of 8.2.1 and
8.2.4 shall also be satisfied.
8.2 Castings not covered in 8.1 which leak on hydro-
static tests may be repaired by plugging, provided the
following requirements are met: 9. Test Coupon
8.2.1 No welding or brazing is permitted. 9.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the
8.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the tension test specimen is machined shall be cast to the size
diameter of a standard 2 in. pipe plug. and shape shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, or Fig. 4. Sectioning
procedure for removing test specimens from Y-blocks is
8.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in shown in Fig. 3.
all dimensions to the standard ISO 3⁄8 plugs. In addition,
9.1.1 Test samples may be removed from castings
they shall have full thread engagement corresponding to
at locations designated on a drawing or as agreed to by
the thickness in the repaired section. Where a tapered
manufacturer and purchaser.
plug is impractical because of the excess wall thickness in
terms of plug diameter and coincident thread engagement, 9.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall con-
other types of plugs may be used provided both full form to Fig. 5. The testing diameter shall be 1⁄2 in. if
engagement and effective sealing against pressure are possible. Smaller diameters shall be utilized if necessary.
obtained. Where possible, the ends of the plug should be 9.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed
ground smooth after installation to conform to the inside upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. In the
and outside contours of the wall of the pressure vessel absence of agreement, it shall be the option of the manu-
or pressure part. facturer.
8.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufac- 9.3 The test coupons shall be cast in molds made of
tured shall conform in all respects to the materials speci- suitable core sand having a minimum wall thickness of
fications which apply to the pressure vessel or pressure 11⁄2 in. for the 1⁄2 in., 1 in. sizes, and 3 in. for the 3 in.
part. size. The coupons shall be left in the mold until they
8.2.5 The area adjacent to the drilled hole shall be have changed to a black color (approximately 900°F or
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examined by radiography, and shall meet the Level 3 less). The keel block as shown in Fig. 1 or the modified
acceptance requirements of Reference Radiographs E 689 keel block produced from the mold shown in Fig. 4 may
and supporting Reference Radiographs E 446, E 186, be substituted for the 1 in. block shown in Fig. 2.
or E 280 as applicable and defined in accordance with 9.4 When investment castings are made to this speci-
Reference Radiographs E 689. fication, the manufacturer may use test specimens cast
8.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in rela- to size incorporated in the mold with the castings or
tion to the size of the plug used shall not be less than separately cast to size using the same type of mold and
that given in Table 1. the same thermal conditions that are used to produce
8.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of the castings. These test specimens shall be made to the
cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A 732 or
shall not be less than that given in Table 2. Figs. 5 and 6 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
8.2.8 A repaired area may consist of a maximum 9.5 Separately cast test coupons shall be poured
of three plugs with a spacing such that the ligaments immediately after the castings and shall represent the
between adjacent plugs shall not be less than listed in metal treated with the nodularizing agent, and be identi-
Table 3. Other defective areas may also be repaired by fied with the castings they represent.
plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs 9.6 The manufacturer shall cast a sufficient number
in adjacent areas is not less than twice the distance from of test coupons to provide for each ferritizing anneal. The
the nearest plug, the values for which are listed in Table 3. test coupons shall be heat treated with the castings they
represent. Sectioning of the test coupons prior to heat
8.3 Surface imperfections in castings other than
treating is not permitted.
valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping
components may be repaired by plugging provided the 9.7 The metallographic examination shall be made
depth of the plug is not greater than 20% of the thickness on a test lug from the recommended test coupon shown
of the casting section and the diameter of the plug is not in Fig. 6 or from a casting. The test coupon shall represent
greater than its length. Repair of surface defects may not the metal treated with the nodularizing agent.
749

10. Number of Tests and Retests 13. Records

10.1 One tension test shall be made from sections cut 13.1 Records of the chemical composition, mechani-
from the test coupons (Fig. 3) for each ladle treated with cal properties, and metallographic examination, when
the nodularizing agent. applicable, shall be systematically made and maintained.
10.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or
order for castings, a metallographic examination may be 14. Inspection
substituted for the tension test when separately cast test 14.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or
coupons are used. When the microstructure option is used, purchase order, the manufacturer shall be responsible for
a minimum of one tension test is required from each carrying out all the tests and inspection required by this
day’s melt and for each heat treatment (see 10.2). specification.
10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious 14.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall
defects, another from the same coupon, or from another have entry at all times, while work on the contract of the
coupon representing the same metal and the same anneal purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufac-
charge, may be tested. If an apparently sound test speci- turer’s works which concern the manufacture of the mate-
men fails to conform to this specification, castings may rial ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector
be re-annealed and two retests made. If either retest fails all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is
to conform to this specification, the castings they repre- being furnished in accordance with these specifications.
sent shall be rejected. Unless otherwise specified, all tests and inspection shall
be made at the place of manufacture or by an approved
independent laboratory prior to shipment, and shall be
11. Tension Test Specimen Preparation so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
11.1 The standard machined 1⁄2 in. round tension test operation of the works.
specimen with 2 in. gauge length as shown in Fig. 5 shall
be used except where the 1⁄2 in. Y-block test coupon is
15. Certification
required. In this case, either of the small size specimens,
0.375 or 0.250 in. round as shown in Fig. 5 shall be used. 15.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser
and the supplier, a certification shall be made on the basis
of acceptance of the material. This shall consist of a copy
12. Test Methods of the manufacturer’s test report or a statement by the
12.1 Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance supplier accompanied by a copy of the test results, that
with the following methods: Test Methods E 59 or E 30. the material has been sampled, tested, and inspected in
accordance with the provisions of this specification. Each
12.2 The chemical composition may also be deter- certification so furnished shall be signed by an authorized
mined by spectrographic methods but should a dispute agent of the supplier or manufacturer.
arise concerning the chemical composition, the methods
specified in 12.1 shall be used as the umpire methods.
16. Product Marking
12.3 The yield strength shall be determined in accor- 16.1 Casting for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, and
dance with Test Methods E 8 using one of the following unions shall be marked for material identification in
methods: accordance with paragraph 9.6 of the Standard Marking
12.3.1 The 0.2% off-set method, or System for Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Unions,
12.3.2 Extension under load method where the SP-25.
yield strength may be determined as the stress producing 16.2 Castings other than valves, flanges, pipe fittings,
an elongation under load of 0.375%; that is, 0.0075 in. and unions shall be identified subject to agreement by
in a gauge length of 2 in. the manufacturer and the purchaser.
12.4 The hardness of the ductile iron as represented 16.3 Marking shall be in such a position as not to
by the test specimens and castings shall be determined injure the usefulness of the castings.
in accordance with Test Method E 10.
12.5 The percentage of each graphite type shall be 17. Keywords
determined by manual counting, semi-automatic or auto- 17.1 casting; ductile iron; mechanical properties;
matic image analysis methods. The sum of all graphite pressure-retaining; pressure test; tensile strength; tension
types shall total to 100%. testing; yield strength
750
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FIG. 1 KEEL BLOCK FOR TEST COUPONS
FIG. 2 Y-BLOCKS FOR TEST COUPONS
751
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FIG. 3 SECTIONING PROCEDURE FOR Y-BLOCKS
752

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FIG. 4 MOLD FOR MODIFIED KEEL BLOCK
753

FIG. 5 STANDARD 1 / 2-in. ROUND TENSION TEST SPECIMEN WITH 2-in. GAGE LENGTH AND EXAMPLES OF
SMALL SIZE SPECIMENS PROPORTIONAL TO THE STANDARD SPECIMEN
FIG. 6 TEST COUPONS FOR MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF DUCTILE IRON
754

FIG. 7 SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPHITE FORM IN DUCTILE CAST IRON

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TABLE 1 TABLE 2
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF REPAIRED SECTIONS MINIMUM RADIUS OF REPAIRED SECTIONS
Iron Pipe Size Plug, Minimum Thickness Repaired Minimum Radius of Cylinder
in. Section, in. Iron Pipe Size Plug, in. or Cone, in.
1 11 1 9
⁄8 ⁄32 ⁄8 ⁄16
1 7 1 11
⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16
3
3
⁄8 1
⁄2 ⁄8 11⁄16
1
1
⁄2 21
⁄32 ⁄2 11⁄4
3 3 3
⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 2
1 13
⁄16 1 21⁄2
11⁄4 7
⁄8 11⁄4 4
11⁄2 15
⁄16 11⁄2 51⁄4
2 1 2 81⁄8
755

TABLE 3
MINIMUM LIGAMENT BETWEEN PLUGSA,B
Nominal Plug Minimum Ligament Between Plugs, in.

1
Diameter, in. ⁄8, ⁄4, 3⁄8
1 1
⁄2, 1⁄4 1, 11⁄4 11⁄2, 2
1
⁄8, 1⁄4, 3⁄8 25⁄8 41⁄8 65⁄8 91⁄2
1
⁄2, 3⁄4 41⁄8 41⁄8 65⁄8 91⁄2
1, 11⁄4 65⁄8 65⁄8 65⁄8 91⁄2
11⁄2, 2 91⁄2 91⁄2 91⁄2 91⁄2
A
Based on efficiency of 80%.
B
Example: Assume three plugs are required for repair, one 1⁄8
in., one 3⁄8 in., and one 11⁄2 in. The minimum distance permitted is
as follows:
Ligament distance between 1⁄8 and 3⁄8 in. plugs is 25⁄8 in.
756
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--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-395
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENT
The following supplementary requirement shall not apply unless specified in the pur-
chase order.
S1. A microstructure test lug is to be cast attached

to the casting at the location designated on the casting
drawing. The microstructure of the test lug shall be essen-
tially ferrite and contain no massive carbides.
757

758


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SPECIFICATION FOR FERRITIC DUCTILE IRON

PRESSURE-RETAINING CASTINGS FOR USE AT

[Identical with ASTM Specification A 395-88 (Reapproved 1993)⑀1.]

1. Scope A 834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron

Copyright ASME International

3.1.6 Test samples from castings (see 9.1.1 and 6. Requirements

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

10. Number of Tests and Retests 13. Records

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 1 KEEL BLOCK FOR TEST COUPONS

FIG. 2 Y-BLOCKS FOR TEST COUPONS

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 3 SECTIONING PROCEDURE FOR Y-BLOCKS

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 4 MOLD FOR MODIFIED KEEL BLOCK

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 6 TEST COUPONS FOR MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF DUCTILE IRON

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 7 SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPHITE FORM IN DUCTILE CAST IRON

Copyright ASME International

Nominal Plug Minimum Ligament Between Plugs, in.

Copyright ASME International

S1. A microstructure test lug is to be cast attached

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

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