BS 3424 - 5 PDF
BS 3424 - 5 PDF
BS 3424 - 5 PDF
1982
Testing coated
fabrics —
Part 5: Methods 7A, 7B and 7C. Methods
for determination of tear strength
IMPORTANT NOTE. It is recommended that this Part be read in conjunction with the information
in Part 0 “Foreword and general introduction”.
UDC 677.077.652:678.066.2:677.017.424.28:620.176.245
BS 3424-5:1982
Foreword
The tear strength of the coated fabric is measured on a fabric strength testing
machine by observing the force indicated or recorded when tearing through at
least 60 mm of the material. Three alternative methods are described.
Methods 7A and 7B give a measure of the median and maximum tear strength
by the tongue tear test and are used to determine the force of tear propagation.
Method 7B is of value for coated linen or rip-stop fabric. Method 7C describes
a single tear test and can be used to determine the force to initiate and
propagate tear.
In reviewing method 7A, much consideration was given to ISO 4674 which was
published in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Apart from differences in specimen size, the major difference between
ISO 4674 and the present method 7A is in terms of trace analysis. The method
of trace analysis specified in ISO 4674 does not produce results which are
representative of the overall trace. Because of this, and the fact that there was
insufficient evidence to show that ISO 4674 was more reproducible than
method 7A, the decision was taken not to adopt ISO 4674 as a British Standard
to replace method 7A. This Part supersedes method 7 of BS 3424:1973.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct
application.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
direction of the Fibres, Yarns the inside front cover.
and Fabrics Standards
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Board of BSI and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
30 September 1982
Contents
Page
Foreword Inside front cover
1 Scope 1
2 Method 7A. Median value tongue tear 1
3 Method 7B. Maximum value tongue tear 2
4 Method 7C. Single tear 3
Figure 1 — Specimen for methods 7A and 7B 2
Figure 2 — Method of clamping specimen using method 7A
and method 7B 3
Figure 3 — Typical autographic traces 4
Figure 4 — Autographic trace without definite peaks 5
Figure 5 — Specimen for method 7C 5
Figure 6 — Method of clamping specimen 5
Publications referred to Inside back cover
© BSI 07-1999 i
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BS 3424-5:1982
© BSI 07-1999 1
BS 3424-5:1982
3 Method 7B. Maximum value tongue Clamp the tongue of the specimen symmetrically in
tear the headstock jaws so that the line bc is just visible
(see Figure 2). Similarly, grip the legs of the
3.1 Apparatus. The same apparatus as described specimen symmetrically in the traversing jaws so
in 2.1 is required except that only a means of that the lines ab and cd are just visible and the legs
recording the maximum force attained during the of the specimen are parallel to the force of tear.
test is required.
Set the traversing jaws in motion. After 60 mm of
3.2 Preparation of test specimens. Five the fabric have been torn through, remove the pen
specimens 200 mm × 60 mm shall be cut with the and disengage the drive.
longer dimension in the longitudinal direction of the
roll and five more specimens shall be cut with the 3.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
longer dimension in the transverse direction of the trace obtained may consist of a series of peaks as
shown in Figure 3, or a relatively smooth curve as
roll. The strips shall be evenly spaced from the full
shown in Figure 4. From the five maximum values
usable length and width of the sample and not
recorded determine the mean value in newtons as
within 50 mm of the selvedge.
the longitudinal or transverse tear strength
In each specimen a lengthways according to whether longitudinal or transverse
tongue 100 mm × 20 mm shall be cut, as shown in threads respectively are torn.
Figure 1; the line abcd shall be drawn on each face
3.6 Test report. The test report shall include the
of the specimen at a distance of 50 mm from the end
following particulars.
of the tongue.
a) The description of the coated fabric.
In the case of coated fabrics of high tear strength, if
the tongue breaks or threads are pulled from the b) The mean tear strength in both the
fabric instead of being broken, wider longitudinal and transverse directions. Indicate
specimens, 200 mm × 150 mm, shall be used with clearly that the results are based on maximum
the tongue 50 mm wide. values and report the method of test used,
i.e. method 7B of BS 3424-5:1982. If a rip-stop
3.3 Conditioning. Condition the test specimens in
fabric has been tested, report the number of
accordance with 2.3.
rip-stop bars per unit length of the sample and
3.4 Procedure. Carry out the tests in the the number torn through per specimen during the
atmosphere for conditioning and testing described test.
in method 4 (i.e. Part 2 of this standard).
c) The specimen size used.
Adjust the testing machine to the rate of clamp
d) Details of any deviation from the standard test
movement given in 2.1.1 and select an appropriate
procedure.
force capacity range. Disengage any pawls or other
arrestments which would prevent two-way
movement of the weighting device. Set the
clamps 100 mm apart.
2 © BSI 07-1999
BS 3424-5:1982
4 Method 7C. Single tear b) The mean tear strength and, if required, the
force required to initiate tear, in both the
4.1 Apparatus. The same apparatus as described
longitudinal and transverse directions. If the tear
in 2.1 is required.
is not substantially along the length direction of
4.2 Preparation of test specimens. Five the specimen, report the material as untearable
specimens as shown in Figure 5 shall be cut, each in that direction under the conditions of the test.
measuring 75 mm × 25 mm with the longer Indicate clearly that the results are based on
dimension in the longitudinal direction of the roll median values and report the method of test
and five more specimens shall be cut in the used, i.e. method 7C of BS 3424-5:1982.
transverse direction. The selection shall be spaced
c) The specimen size used.
so as to cover fairly evenly the full width and
available length of the sample, avoiding only the d) Details of any deviation from the standard test
uncoated edge or actual selvedge ends. If the fabric procedure.
contains rip-stop bars, at least one of these shall be
included in the length to be torn.
In the case of coated fabrics which tend to slip in the
jaws of the test instrument or if the tongue breaks
or threads are pulled from the fabric instead of being
broken, wider specimens shall be used.
4.3 Conditioning. Condition the test specimens in
accordance with 2.3.
4.4 Procedure. Carry out the tests in the
atmosphere for conditioning and testing described
in method 4 (i.e. Part 2 of this standard).
Adjust the testing machine to the rate of clamp
movement given in 2.1.1 and select an appropriate
force capacity range. Check agreement between dial
and chart readings. Ensure that two-way movement
of the force measuring device is not prevented by
pawls or ratchets.
Clamp one tongue of the test specimen in each jaw
of the machine as shown in Figure 6 and start the
machine.
The test is complete when the whole test specimen
has been torn apart.
4.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
trace obtained will generally consist of an initial
peak followed by a number of peaks and troughs at
a lower value of tearing strength than that of the
initial peak (see Figure 3). The initial peak gives the
force required for initiation of tear while the median
of the subsequent peaks, obtained as in method 7A,
gives the force required for propagation of tear.
Determine the mean of the median values in
newtons for the five specimens as the longitudinal
or transverse tearing strength according to whether
longitudinal or transverse threads respectively are
torn.
4.6 Test report. The test report shall include the Figure 2 — Method of clamping specimen
following particulars. using method 7A and method 7B
a) The description of the coated fabric.
© BSI 07-1999 3
BS 3424-5:1982
NOTE Determination of median value. Figure 3(a) represents a typical autographic trace. A “peak” is a point on the trace where
the gradient changes from positive to negative. Points marked A are peaks, points marked B are not peaks. The importance of the
peaks in the trace is that they give the force on the specimen at the instant of rupture.
The median value of tearing resistance is the value such that half the number of peaks have higher values and half have lower
values.
To determine the median value, count the total number of peaks (N). If N is an odd number, count downwards, starting at the
uppermost peak, a number of peaks equal to (N + 1)/2. The number of the last peak counted is the median peak.
If N is an even number, the median value is taken as midway between peaks N/2 and (N/2) + 1.
Figure 3 — Typical autographic traces
4 © BSI 07-1999
BS 3424-5:1982
NOTE The type of trace illustrated is not suitable for use in determining median values. This type of trace is usually associated
with high inertia instruments and with certain types of nonwoven substrates. In such cases, if the instrument is capable of
indicating the average or mean force exerted during the test, the value so indicated can be reported as the mean tear strength,
without reference to the trace.
This type of trace can be used where only maximum values are required (i.e. method 7B).
Figure 4 — Autographic trace without definite peaks
© BSI 07-1999 5
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BS 3424-5:1982
Publications referred to
1)
Referred to in the foreword only.
© BSI 07-1999
BS 3424-5:
1982
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