16 Tenses in English

16 Tenses In English
CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is
happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern
S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now

S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
Communicative English Course 1

6. They are playing football in the field now.

7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
1.3.b The Negative Pattern
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now

S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang
Example :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now
3. My father is not watching television now.
4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow.
1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now?

Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ?
Examples :
1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t
1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now?

QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang?
Examples :
1. what are you doing now ? studying
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.

1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang
5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.

EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1. They are speaking English now.

2. We are not reading now.
3. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t.
4. What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
5. He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now.
6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
7. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the

underlined words in the following sentences.
1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.

2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.
1. Are you studying English now ?

2. Is your father reading a newspaper now?
3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
4. Are They singing a song at home now?
5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
6. What is your mother doing now?
7. What is your brother doing now?
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking,

dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching,
shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working

CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense

We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
2.3.1. The Positive Pattern
S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday

S + 2…………………………………………………..
Examples :
1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday

S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin
Examples :
1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didn’t study here last week.
3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday?

Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t

3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didn’t
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?

Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….?
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did

QW + 2……………………………..?
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin

2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning

Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
We often use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.
Agreeing and refusing to do something:

e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.

Will you close the window,please!
A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow

S + akan + 1 …………………….
Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow

S + tidak akan + 1 ………………………………..
Example:
1. John won’t run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva won’t play badminton tomorrow

C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow?

Apakah + S + akan + 1…………………………..?
1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he won’t.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she won’t
D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow?

QW + yang + S + akan + 1……………………….?
1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month

2. who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will
3. where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month
4. what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1……………………………………
S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… …………
Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .?
QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..?
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habitually activities.

e.g. + The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesn’t go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?
+ I get up at 8 o’clock every morning
- I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning?
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today
S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when we say how often we do things:
e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesn’t often drink tea.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished:

This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….……
S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2…………
Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….?
QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………?
e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
- She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?
6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.

We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We often use ever and never with the present perfect:

e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).
The pattern:
S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc
S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc
Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc?
QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc?
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :

Example :
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home

- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
stolen my fur coat.
- George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t
flown before.
The pattern:
S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2
S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2
Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc
S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc

Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ?
QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ?
Example :
- Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini
+ The students have been singing since this morning

- The students haven’t been singing since this morning
? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2
S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2

Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ?
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
+ They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday

- They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi
10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock
S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock

Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ?
QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ?
Example :
- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi
+ You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning

- You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ?
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end……
S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end….

Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ?
QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ?
Example :
- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon

- We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will have been + verb 4………since……….
S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since……….

Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….?
QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..?
Example :
- Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok
+ They will have been studying since this morning

- They won’t have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc
S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc

Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ?
Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel if he had more money
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc
S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc

Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang
+ They would be going home when we came

- They wouldn’t be going home when we came
? Would they be going home when we came ?
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….
S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc

Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ?
Example :
- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….

S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc
Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am = I’m
2. You are = You’re
3. We are = We’re

4. They are = They’re

5. He is = He’s
6. She is = She’s
7. It is = It’s
8. Will not = won’t
9. Would not = Wouldn’t
10. Do not = Don’t
11. Does not = Doesn’t
12. Did not = Didn’t
13. Is not = Isn’t
14. Are not = Aren’t
15. Was not = Wasn’t
16. Were not = Weren’t
17. Have not = Haven’t
18. Has not = Hasn’t
19. Had not = Hadn’t
20. Can not = Can’t
21. Could not = Couldn’t
22. Must not = Mustn’t
23. Should not = Shouldn’t
24. Might not = Mightn’t
25. May not = Mayn’t
18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter…

2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3…………………………………by…
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk

membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter…
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus
kalimat aktif)
Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :

1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by…
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by…
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3….
5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3…
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3…
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3…
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3…
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3…
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3…
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3…
13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3…
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3…
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3…
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3…
Penjelasan :

1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM
1. Present Future Tense

S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)……… = S tak akan di…………………
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.

2. Present Future Continuous Tense

S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)…. = S tidak sedang akan di……….
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense

S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her) = S belum akan di…………
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)………
Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense

S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge)
Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense

S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……)
Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense

S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..)
Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-
kawan saya.
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by…..
Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense

S + hadn’t been + V3…by…..
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung

terbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….)
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi
dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense

S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense

S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
 No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE
1. Present Future Tense

Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ? = Yes/No,………
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?

When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense

Will + S + have been + V3…………… ? = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense

Will + S + have been + V3……………? = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
What + …………………….. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,……………….
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara
bangkrut ?
Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in
government.
5. Simple Present Tense

(Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director.
6. Present Continuous Tense

(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?
Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport.

7. Present Perfect Tense

(Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ? = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?
How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days.
9. Past Perfect Tense

Had + S + been + V3………. ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum
mereka menyerahkan diri ?
Who + ………………… ? = The robbers.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen
Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?
How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year.
11. Simple Past Tense

(Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?
What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense
(Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor.

13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET
Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.

II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.

3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.

4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A. S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc
Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today

2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now
B. S + to have + something +
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday

2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday
Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.

(have (has) – had – had – having)
C. S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc
Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today

3. He has get me to bring a dictionary
D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc
Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)

2. I won’t get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, …
One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their…
Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)

THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU:

S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST

1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + …

2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + …
3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + …
4. S + had + S.O + V1 + …
5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 + …
has
6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + …
7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + …
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + …
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + …
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + …
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + …
14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + …
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + …
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + …
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.

Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
A. S +1.didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc

Eg : …………………………………………
2. Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….?
Does
Eg : …………………………………………
3. QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ?
Eg : When …………………………………………..
4. Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ?
Eg : Who has ………………………………
5. Have + someone + V1 + …… ! = suruhlah ……!
Eg : ……………………………………
B. S +1.
won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc
Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
= …………………………………………
Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ?
2. Does
Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
= ………………………………………………... ?
3. QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday
Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin

= …………………………………………….
4. Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ?

Siapa yang akan berpoto ?
= Who will have one’s picture taken ?
One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.

LIST OF TRANSITIVE – VERB
Infinitive Past Present

No (Kata Dasar) Past Tense Participle Participle The Meaning in Indonesian:
V1 V2 V3 V4
1 to do did done ~ing mengerjkan, melakukan.

2 to have had had having mempunyai
3 to tell told told ~ing mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
4 to own owned owned ~ing memiliki
5 to read read read ~ing membaca
6 to write wrote written writing menulis
7 to listen listened ~ed ~ing mendengarkan
8 to speak spoke spoken ~ing berbicara, pandai berbahasa
9 to say said said ~ing berkata, mengatakan
10 to ask asked ~ed ~ing bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
11 to answer answered ~ed ~ing menjawab
12 to borrow borrowed ~ed ~ing meminjam (dari)
13 to lend lent lent ~ing meminjamkan (kepada)
14 to give gave given giving memberi (kan)
15 to send sent sent ~ing mengirim, menyuruh
16 to repeat repeated ~ed ~ing mengulang
17 to buy bought bought ~ing membeli
18 to sell sold sold ~ing menjual
19 to present presented ~ed ~ing menyajikan (cerita, materi)
20 to wait (for) waited ~ed ~ing menunggu
21 to see saw seen ~ing melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
22 to visit visited ~ed ~ing mengunjungi
23 to invite invited ~ed inviting mengundang, mengajak
24 to reject rejected ~ed ~ing menolak
25 to refuse refused ~ed refusing menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
26 to inprove improved ~ed improving memperbaiki, meningkatkan
27 to avoid avoided ~ed ~ing menghindari (kan)
28 to deny denied denied ~ing menyangkal, mambantah

29 to arrange arranged ~ed arranging menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan

30 to plan planned ~ned ~ing merencanakan
31 to make made made making membuat, menyebabkan
32 to build buit built ~ing membangun, mendirikan
33 to burry burried burried ~ing menguburkan
34 to scold scolded ~ed ~ing memarahi
35 to rebuke rebuked ~d rebuking memarahi
36 to bribe bribed ~d bribing menyuap, menyogok
37 to attack attacked ~ed ~ing menyerang
38 to defend defended ~ed ~ing mempertahankan
39 to enforce enforced ~d enforcing memaksa, memberlakukan
40 to learn learnt learnt ~ing belajar
41 to study studied studied ~ing mempelajari
42 to copy copied copied ~ing menyalin
43 to compose composed ~d composing menyusun, mengarang
44 to review reviewed ~ed ~ing mengulang kembali
45 to interview intervived ~ed ~ing mewawancarai
46 to repair repaired ~ed ~ing mereparasi
47 to know knew known ~ing mengetahui, tahu, kenal
48 to understand understood understood ~ing mengerti
49 to take took taken taking mengambil, mengantarkan
50 to eat ate eaten ~ing makan
51 to drink drank drunk ~ing minum
52 to substitute ~d ~d subtituting mengganti
53 to succeed ~ed ~d ~ing berhasil, menggantikan
54 to devide ~d ~d dividing membagi
55 to nominate ~d ~d nominating mencalonkan
56 to cook ~ed ~ed ~ing memasak
57 to receive ~d ~d receiving menerima
58 to believe ~d ~d believing percaya
59 to agree ~d ~d ~ing setuju
60 to disagree ~d ~d ~ing tidak setuju
61 to propose ~d ~d proposing mengusulkan

62 to oppose ~d ~d opposing menentang, melawan

63 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan
64 to let ~ed ~ed ~ting membiarkan, mengijinkan
65 to put ~ed ~ed ~ting meletakkan
66 to cut ~ed ~ed ~ting memotong
67 to continue ~d ~d ~ing meneruskan, melanjutkan
68 to draw drew drawn ~ing menggambar, menarik
69 to think thought thought ~ing berpikir, berpendapat
70 to express ~ed ~ed ~ing menyatakan, mengutarakan
71 to prove ~d ~d proving membuktikan
72 to remember ~ed ~ed ~ing ingat
73 to remind ~ed ~ed ~ing mengingatkan
74 to warn ~ed ~ed ~ing memperingatkan
75 to memorize ~d ~d memorizing mengingat-ingat, menghafal
76 to forget forgot forgotten ~ting melupakan
77 to admire ~d ~d admiring mengagumi, memuji
78 to praise ~d ~d praising memuji
79 to insult ~ed ~ed ~ing menghina
80 to submit ~ted ~ted ~ting menyerahkan
81 to report ~ed ~ed ~ing melaporkan
82 to open ~ed ~ed ~ing membuka
83 to shut ~ed ~ed ~ting menutup
84 to close ~d ~d closing menutup
85 to mark ~ed ~ed ~ing manandai, memberi tanda
86 to weigh ~ed ~ed ~ing menimbang
87 to measure ~d ~d measuring mengukur
88 to evaluate ~d ~d evaluating mengevaluasi
89 to taste ~d ~d tasting mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
90 to hold held held ~ing memegang, mengadakan
91 to touch ~ed ~ed ~ing menyentuh, meraba
92 to teach taught taught ~ing mengajar
93 to return ~ed ~ed ~ing mengembalikan
94 to reply replied replied ~ing menjawab

95 to pay ~ed ~ed ~ing membayar

96 to calculate ~d ~d calculating menghitung
97 to throw threw thrown ~ing melempar
98 to hit ~ed ~ed ~ting memukul
99 to beat ~ed ~ed ~ing memukul
100 to bite bit beaten ~ing menggigit
101 to hide hid hid hiding bersembunyi
102 to serve ~d ~d serving melayani, menghidangkan
103 to explain ~ed ~ed ~ing menerangkan
104 to interpret ~ed ~ed ~ing menafsirkan
105 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan
106 to activate ~d ~d activating mengaktifkan, menggiatkan
107 to motivate ~d ~d motivating memotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
“to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)

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16 Tenses In English

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED

1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :

1.3.A. Positive Pattern

S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now

Communicative English Course 1

6. They are playing football in the field now.

1.3.b The Negative Pattern

S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now

1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern

Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now?

1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern

QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now?

EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.

Communicative English Course 2

1. They are speaking English now.

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the

1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.

EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.

1. Are you studying English now ?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs

Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking,

Communicative English Course 3

2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense

2.2. The Adverbs of time used

2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense

2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday

2.3.2. The Negative Pattern

S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday

2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern

Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday?

Communicative English Course 4

2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern

QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?

QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did

EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !

1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin

Communicative English Course 5

We often use will in this situation:

Agreeing and refusing to do something:

Asking someone to do something.

A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:

S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow

B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:

S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow

Communicative English Course 6

C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow?

D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow?

1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month

S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1……………………………………

S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… …………

Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .?

QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..?

about something which is happened repeatedly or habitually activities.