Yojana English June 2017

xiii.
Winged Wonders of Rashtrapati Bhavan

xiv. Selected Speeches of the President: Volume 1
xv. Selected Speeches of the President: Volume 2
xvi. Selected Speeches of the President: Volume 3
xvii. Selected Speeches of the President: Volume 4 * - currently under production
Some of these volumes were commissioned jointly by the Presidents Secretariat with the Indira Gandhi
National Centre of Arts (IGNCA) and these were researched and designed by Saahpedia, an agency
contracted by IGNCA. The others were complete in-house productions of Publications Division from
editing to production.
The books can be purchased from the Sales emporia of Publications Division headquarters at Delhi and
eight other places in the country. The books can also be purchased online by visiting https://bharatkosh.
gov.in/Product/2 or through Publications Divisions website www. publicationsdivision.nic.in.
With the release of Selected Speeches of the President: Volume 4, this fruitful association between
the present Rashtrapati Bhavan and Publications Division will come to a satisfying conclusion. This
partnership was a valuable experience to the entire team that worked on this three-year project, as it led to
an enhancement of the teams professional capabilities and level of condence for the future.
The team from Publications Division had an opportunity to call on the Honble President of India.
Publications Division aspires to continuously strengthen and add more and more value to this most
prestigious collaboration in the coming times.
xiii. Winged Wonders of Rashtrapati Bhavan
Follow us on facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pages/Yojana-Journal
YOJANA
Volume-61 Website: www.yojana.gov.in
June 2017
Since 1956 A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY
Chief Editor : Deepika Kachhal Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides
Dy Director : Shyamala M. Iyer Rig Veda
Senior Editor : Kulshrestha Kamal
Chief Editor's Office : Room No. 660, Soochna

In This Issue
Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi
110 003 Phone: 24362971
Yojana (English): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, Indian Youth : Emerging focus
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003.
Power
e-mail (Editorial) : [email protected] bringing harmony
Website: www.yojana.gov.in A K Dubey......................................... 7
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in between body and mind
Ishwara N Acharya
Joint Director (Production) : V K Meena Job Creation: Challenges &
Rajiv Rastogi................................... 39
Cover: Gajanan Pralhadrao Dhope Way Forward
Alakh N Sharma Reconnecting with oneself
Our Representatives : Ahmedabad: Amita
Maru, Bengaluru: Punitha S, Chennai: Balwant Singh Mehta...................... 14 Ishwar V Basavaraddi..................... 43
A. Elangovan, Guwahati: Anupoma Das,
Hyderabad: Vijayakumar Vedagiri, Kolkata:
Special Article Distance and Online
Rama Mandal Mumbai: Umesh Sadashivarao
Ujgare: Thiruvananthapuram: Dhanya Sanyal Entrepreneurship
K., Jalandhar: Gagandeep Kaur Devgan,
Bhubaneshwar : Girish Chander Dash.
making a nation of job Education in India
creators Amit Kumar Dwivedi........................ 46
YOJANA seeks to provide a vibrant platform
for discussion on problems of social and Saurabh Sanyal
economic development of the country through Quality Education for
in-depth analysis of these issues in the wider Ranjeet Mehta................................. 19
context of government policies. Although Empowering Indian Youth
published by the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to Youth: A Change Agent Rakesh K Wats
expressing the official point of view. YOJANA Meenu Wats.................................... 54
is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, sunita sanghi.................................. 24
Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi,
Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Bringing Youth to the
Flag Bearers of Indian
DISCLAIMER Mainstream
Culture
= The views expressed in various articles Ravi Pokharna ................................ 59
Sheetal Sharma
are those of the authors' and not
necessarily of the government. The views Bhaskar Jyoti................................... 34 GSTThe Game Changer
expressed in the articles are of the author
and they don't represent the views of their D S Malik......................................... 63
organisation.
= Maps/flags used in the articles are only
indicative. They don't reflect the political
map or legal representation of the flag of Regulars
India/any other country.
= The readers are requested to verify
the claims made in the advertisements do you know? J&K window.........................................42
regarding career guidance books/
institutions. Yojana does not own Angel funding................................... 32 NORTH EAST DIARY............................. 52
responsibility regarding the contents of the
advertisements.
SUBSCRIPTION No. of Pages 68
1 year ` 230, 2 years ` 430, 3 years ` 610. Sales Emporia
For subscriptions abroad the same rates plus Air Mail New Delhi Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road 110003 011-24365610
charges as prescribed by India Post from time to time, Delhi Hall No.196, Old Secretariat 110054 011-23890205
as applicable for concerned countries. Navi Mumbai 701, B Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur 400614 022-27570686
For new subscriptions, renewals, enquiries, Kolkata 8, Esplanade East 700069 033- 22486696
please contact : Ph: 011 24367453 Chennai 'A' Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Basant Nagar 600090 044-24917673
e-mail (Circulation) : [email protected] Thiruvananthapuram Press road, Near Govt. Press 695001 0471-2330650
Dy Director (Circulation and Advt.) : Padam Singh Hyderabad 204 II Floor CGO Towers, Kavadiguda, Secundrabad 500080 040-27535383
Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Bengaluru 1st Floor, 'F' Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala 560034 080-25537244
Broadcasting, Room No. 48-53, Soochna Bhawan, Patna Bihar State Co-operative Bldg, Ashoka Rajpath 800004 0612-2675823
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003. Lucknow Hall No 1, 2nd floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector-H, Aliganj 226024 0522-2325455
Ahmedabad Ambica Complex, 1st Floor, above UCO Bank, Paldi 380007 079-26588669
Business Manager (Hqs.) : Surya Kant Sharma Guwahati House no.4 Pension Para Road 781003 030-2665090
Ph: 24367260, 24365609, 24365610
YE-661/2016
4 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA
Youth: Hope for future
T
he Youth of a Nation are the trustees of posterity. While most of the developed
world is moving towards a nation of ageing population, India is poised to be the
youngest country in the world by 2020. This young force, which also constitutes
nearly 40 per cent of the total population of India, is the most vibrant and dynamic
segment and also the countrys most valuable human resource. Indias demographic
dividend has become the talk of economists and policy planners the world over. As
the future of the nation, youth have a tremendous role to play in nation building. Their
creative potential coupled with their enthusiasm, energy and versatility can work
wonders for any country.
As engineers, doctors, lawyers, bankers, entrepreneurs, sports persons, youth have

the potential to lead the nation in all sectors. The need is to empower them with correct
guidance and resources to grow and contribute to development. A conducive home
environment where the child can grow healthy and get a good education is the first step
in this direction. Right to Education Act 2009 has been one of the defining moments
to ensure this. Sarva Shiksha Abhyan, e-pathshaala, UDAAN etc are key programmes of government to provide
quality education at all levels. Hilly, far flung and remote areas of the country where accessibility to good education
is a problem, distance education plays an important part. The value of distance education in reaching learning to
our young people is now being recognised. Technology is being used to provide better access to education through
several programmes like GIAN, SWAYAM and National Digital Library.
This educated youth however needs to be equipped with necessary skill sets for specific jobs. A routine
school/college education may not ensure jobs for the young people, especially in todays competitive and highly
technological world. The need is for appropriate and adequate skill development and training which can convert
this force into the largest source of technically skilled manpower. The Skill India Mission launched by the
government is one of the initiatives which goes a long way in assisting youth to upgrade their skills according to
the demands of the employment market. The Mission aims to skill over 40 crore people by 2022 and enhance their
employability by training them in skill sets of their choice. There are also distance education courses which teach
skill development under the programme.
At the end of the day, empowering youth is all about gainful employment. A nation of young people without
employment can be a drag on the economy and threat to the society. The recent thrust of the government
therefore has been to encourage start ups through Start up India and Stand up India programmes. MUDRA, SETU,
AIM (Atal Innovation Mission) are some of the programmes proposed to promote a culture of innovation and
entrepreneurship.
Youth are the pillars of nation building. It is in their hands lies the power to change destiny. Any country
that strives to change its destiny, must have ways and means to tap the energy and ambitions of this wonderful
resource. Franklin Roosevelt had once said, We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build
our youth for the future.
YOJANA June 2017 5

ECONOMICS AT ITS BEST
IAS / IES / UGC
Score in Economics Option : Axiom IAS Pass-outs
Shaweta Dhankhad (65.33%) FACULTY : Prof. Mahesh Lalwani
Neeraj Kumar Singh (63.17%) Former Dean
School of Economics, Management & Information Sciences
Arulanandan (60.50%) Ph. D. Economics, DSE, DU; M.A. Economics, DSE, DU;
Ashima Jain (60.17%) B.A. Honors Economics, Hans Raj College, DU
Gaurav Agrawal (59.20%) 3 MONTHS

Narendra Kumar (58.50%) REGULAR BATCH : JUNE 19, 2017
Smriti Mishra (56.20%) 11 A.M. to 1.15 P.M. & 2.30 to 4.45 P.M.
ALL 7 DAYS SCHEDULE
Madhvi Mishra (52.40%)
CIVIL SERVICES RANKERS IES Rankers UGC JRF JUNE 2016
2016 CSE RESULTS Bishakha Chakroborty Rank 1 2010 S. Bhoops - JRF
Smriti Mishra IRS 2016 269 Rank
th
Nikhila Menon Rank 1 2004 Chavi Jain - JRF
Sanar Shrivastava - NET
Kanika Dua IRS 2016 336th Rank Tulsi Priya Rank 2 2014
Golait - NET
Shahwat Saurabh CSE 2016 595th Rank Lipi Parija Rank 2 2005
2015 CSE RESULTS Nitika Pant Rank 3 2014 UGC JRF DEC. 2015
Madhvi Mishra IAS 2015 62nd Rank Ruby Rani Rank 3 2015 Shabir Pawar - JRF
Smriti Mishra IRS 2015 435th Rank Preeti Rank 4 2014 Yashaswini Saraswat - JRF
Nupur Panna IAS 2015 764th Rank Prasanta C Vijayan - JRF
Ayush Punia Rank 4 2015 Alok Kr. Yadav - JRF
2014 AND BEFORE CSE RESULTS Jaipal Rank 5 2009 Rajendra Kr. Meena - JRF
Gaurav Agrawal IAS 2014 1st Rank Sukhdeep Singh Rank 6 2011 Aswathy Nair - NET
Ashima Jain IAS 2007 7th Rank Divya Sharma Rank 6 2012 Shanti Bindyasar - NET
Neeraj Kumar IAS 2011 11th Rank
Debasweta Banik IAS 2014 14 Rank
th
Neha Singh Rank 6 2015 UGC JRF JUNE 2015
Nidhi Sharma Rank 7 2011 Kajod Meena - JRF
Chinmayee Gopal IAS 2014 16th Rank
Lipika Roy Rank 7 2016 Gurpriya Sadana - JRF
Tanvi Hooda IAS 2014 33rd Rank Shahid U Zaman - JRF
Sawni Dikshit Rank 8 2010
Surabhi Malik IAS 2011 51st Rank Abhilasha Manda - JRF
Aarthy Rank 8 2013
Nitin Singhania IAS 2011 51st Rank
Rajan Vishal IAS 2007 60th Rank
Shamin Ara Rank11 2014 UGC JRF BEFORE JUNE 2015
Kumar Amit IAS 2007 75th Rank Rajendra Meena Rank 11 2016 Kanika Dua - JRF
Shaveta Dhankhad IPS 2006 109th Rank Rakesh Kumar Rank 14 2014 Usha Meena - JRF
Patiyush Kumar Rank 14 2011 Nupur - JRF
Narender IPS 2007 155th Rank Harsh - NET
Neeju Gupta IRS 2008 221st Rank Abhishek Meena Rank14 2015
Kajod Meena - NET
Aishwarya Rastogi IAS 2012 222nd Rank Abhishek Anand Rank 15 2015 Prasanth C. - NET
Sanyam Joshi IAS 2012 228th Rank Bikram Nath Rank 17 2014 Shabir - NET
Nandessh Shukla IRS 2006 238 Rank
th
Dinesh Kumar Rank 17 2011 Shaloo Choudhary - JRF
Neha Sahay IAS 2012 245 Rank
th
Vijith Krishnan Rank 17 2013 Dinesh Kumar - JRF
Kirti Rank 18 2014 Pravin Saini - JRF
Swani Dikshit IAS 2012 273rd Rank
Chitra Verma - JRF
Meenakshi IRS 2006 319 Rank
th
Khayi Lalshingram Rank 19 2014 Renu Bala - JRF
Nandini R Nair IAS 2012 389 Rank Rahul Kumar Rank 21 2011
th
Shridhar Satykam - JRF
and many more......... and many more........ Fiyanshoo Sindhwani - JRF
UGC NET Pass-outs
Nishtha | Mansi | Satinder | Kriti | Vikas Yadav | Dushyant | Ram Avatar | Priyanka Jhulka | Akshay | Harsimran Singh | Nitika Lal | Jitender Bhandhari | Jaipal
| Dinesh Kumar | Neelam Garg | Shayequa | Praveena Dikshit | Nilotpal Bal | Nidhi Sharma | Swati Saklani | Kaushiki | Sanjit | Rohit Sehrawat | Aashirwad
Parida | Vandana Kapoor | Krittika Tiwari | Bobhocha Singh | Rahul Sharma | Sumit Dua | Preeti Chauhan | Deepa Rani | Bipasha Kalita | Alok Kumar Yadav
REGISTRATION :
JUNE 1, 2017 TO JUNE 18, 2017
YE-660/2017
Test Series Every Monday DIRECTLY UNDER Dr. MAHESH LALWANI

Visit us at: www.axiomias.com WEEKEND BATCH ALSO AVAILABLE
6 YOJANA June 2017

agents of social change
policy
Indian Youth : Emerging Power
A K Dubey
he term Youth as defined support. The youth are not a ready
T by the UNESCO is best

understood as a period of
transition from the dependence
on childhood to adulthoods
laboratory to test the finished by-
products of the state apparatus. Rather,
they are the variables that should be
utilized for creating new opportunities
independence and awareness of based on the skills of contemporary
our independence as members of a relevance.
community. youth is a more fluid
category than a fixed age group. As Michael Greene in his work
titled Youth as active agents of social
As per the Annual Report of the change puts, The ever expanding
Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports and influential movement of positive
(Department of Youth Affairs), 2016- youth development, it is a focus on
In order to 17, the youth make up to be the most the strengths and interests rather than
enthusiastic segment for any institution redemption as a means to address
meaningfully avail for governance. Due to their vibrant deficits and a shift from problem
and dynamic approach, India comes focused approach to problem solving
of this demographic across as a young nation with nearly 65 approach.
dividend, it is essential per cent of its population falling under
With an array of social, political or
the rough age bracket of under 35,
that the youth are put thus making it a largely young nation. civil movements, the youth have been
at the centre of activities. From the
in a circle of generating The Annual Report estimates that by the
LGBTQ movement to the equal right
beneficial output and
year 2020, India would have a median
age of 28 years as compared to the 38 for women and from environmental
concerns to humans rights the
constructive inputs. years of other South Asian nations and
youth have been at the centre of
China. The Indian population under
Youth, as a potential the age group of 15-29, comprises 27.5 activities encompassing multifarious
of the total population, giving India a arenas in public life and often act as
power to help India favorable demographic profile. a workable pressure group. In order
on the global scale to have their expansive interest and
In order to meaningfully avail concerns manifested, the new media
has to be backed by of this demographic dividend, it is tools have been both continuously
essential that the youth are put in a and extensively exploited so that
a substantial policy circle of generating beneficial output Media/social media puts forward,
orientation and and constructive inputs. Youth, as debates and circulates the popular
a potential power to help India on opinion. The new media tools not
support the global scale has to be backed by only help in the formation of idea,
a substantial policy orientation and these also help in collaboration
The author is Secretary, Youth Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of India. He has worked in various capacities in
Government of Kerala and Government of India. He has been writing on various issues in professional journals such as Indian Journal of Public
Administration, Indian Journal of Social Work, Journal of Rural Development, Kurukshetra and subject specific volumes.
YOJANA June 2017 7

and communication of an idea and
eventually help in validating it
with mass acceptance. The reason
why youth should be at the core of
economic/socially meaningful actions
is its innate ability to adapt to the ever-
changing societal dynamics.
The youth can act ideally as a
bridge between two generations. It
is an age cohort that, if explained
properly, can understand the need of
flexibility in order to smoothen its own
growth and development. Ideological
rigidities and mindless aping of the
western culture these extremes would
not have any positive impact on the
nation in the long run. The youth
today understands that, absoluteness or
autonomy alone will not offer solutions emerging as an effective option in the rise of start-ups. With more
to all the problems. It has to be done all efforts to address the issues of the and more targeted and specific skill
in accordance with a close intertwining economy. Technology as we know honing initiatives, the start-ups have
of units that would culminate into a and interact within our day to day lives broken the hegemonic nature of the
working whole. Youth are basically is a positive means of advancements. handful of elite to initiate enterprises
the catalyst of new social thinking, Technology has helped mankind and provide services. The sheer grit
economic development and political achieve seemingly impossible feats of youth, coupled with technology has
activity. and we look at conquering new made entrepreneurship universally
milestones each day. Technology accessible.
The youth today are in a position has also been used for the betterment
that they can receive the best of of lives more so in the developing The government, through
experience and the test of spirit, mixing nations. its specialized Ministry for Youth
it in proportion for meaningful purpose Affairs and Sports has constantly
especially against the background with The digital environment in looked and re-looked at development
the plurality of practice of exclusion India has empowered the youth to and advancement aspects for the
within the Indian democratic stand up to the world in a more substantial and beneficial growth of
paradigm. consolidated manner. It leads to faster the Indian youth. It, alongside regular
communication, quicker learning and reviews, has also been coming out
The thing that hammers the wall also links two geographically distant with new initiatives/programmes and
of a rigid social system is the spirit of places on a common platform. It workshops on issues concerning the
logic and argument and exploration, acts as a collection of likeminded youth for regular training and lifestyle/
as used by the youth. The young ideas and then works out on possible leadership skills.
today are no longer so rigid in matters solutions and results. At the touch of
of inter-dining and inter-community a button, we can share ideas, consult, According to the Annual Report
marriage. They are questioning the collaborate and articulate the thoughts 2016-17, The National Youth Policy,
derogatory and insensitive approach to and action. Technology is more than 2014 reiterates the commitment of
fellow humans without basing them on what meets the eye. A student can have the entire nation to the all round
the lines of caste, class, race or gender. a highway of study materials and apply development of youth of India so that
Though this is not on a large scale, still for institutions that have specialized they can realize their full potential and
small steps have been firmly taken in study centres. Technology has enabled contribute productively to the nation
the right direction. equal opportunities; at least in matters building process.
of accessibility and it is again to the
One of the most crucial factors The National Youth Policy 2014
credit of youth that they have been in
that help youth in finding roots is the the forefront of learning and adaptation
proposes a holistic vision for the
use of, and emphasis on technology. youth of India, which is to empower
of new technological options.
Governments efforts to advocate youth of the country to achieve their
digitalization with associated moves The biggest achievement of the full potential and through them enable
and concepts like cashless economy youth and technology co-option can India to find its rightful place in the
and digital India technology is be said to be risk taking spirit and community of nations.
8 YOJANA June 2017

The objectives and priority areas
under National Youth Policy 2014
are-
(i) Creating a productive workforce
that can make a sustainable
contribution to Indias economic
development.
The priority areas for this are
Education
Entrepreneurship
E m p l o y m e n t a n d s k i l l
development
(ii) Develop a strong, healthy
generation equipped to take
on future generations. To be
operated through
Health healthy lifestyle As per 2011 census, approximately means of dialogue and other initiatives.
Sports 41 per cent of the Indian population is Apart from the widely acclaimed and
(iii) Instil social values and promote below the age of 20 years. This age practiced NSS and there exist more
bar is the most crucial in the aspect of specialized programmes under NYKS
community service to build
personality development for it rests that seek to solve problems with
rational ownership operative
heavily on right guidance, orientation multiple solutions.
tools are
and directions. The young today
Promotion of social values have sadly been subjected to the ill- As per the Ministry Annual
Community engagements effects of fast growing urban sutures Report-2016-17, for the successful
and are drawn to crimes even to working of the National Youth Policy,
(iv) Facilitate participation and
maintain a living. A major reason for 2014, alongside the priority areas of
civic engagements at all centres
this negative outlook is the disparity its operation, there also is a list of
of governance to be operated
between availability and accessibility. suggested interventions. Significantly
through
While, there may be programmes enriching them include -
participation in politics and and initiatives undertaken by the
governance government the method or means Building system capacity and
youth engagement to avail of them has not been easy. quality in education.
(v) Support youth at risk and create Dominant hurdles in accessing these Targeting youth outreach and
equitable opportunities for all facilities are the financial constraints awareness building link across
disadvantaged and marginalized or the social structure. Also, systems and stakeholders
youth. The priority areas being prominent reason for the unawareness in employment and skill
Inclusion and Social Justice. of youth crisis, and mechanism to development.
counter it has been in the failure
The current government has Meeting customized programmes
of the concern being accommodated
undertaken multifarious programmes at a wider academic panel. The in entrepreneurship.
that invite participation and facilitate academia has not been fully sensitive Improving service delivery in the
an overall holistic development of the and welcoming to the on growing health sector.
youth. For example, the Nehru Yuva crisis of youth identity, its capable
Kendra Sangathan has been mandated potential and worthy contribution that T h e RY S K n o w a i m s t o
for developing and engaging youth in can be put to plural benefits with a provide a more holistic and overall
nation building activities. The National mere inclusion of the inter-disciplinary development as it now operates in an
Service Scheme (NSS) develops the approach in imparting education. interdisciplinary approach rather than
morale and humanistic personality There is an urgent need to recognize, a compartmentalized one.
though voluntary social service. accept and appreciate the working of Some of the important initiatives
a young mind. This recognition has of the government are mentioned
There also exists the National to be substantially different from the
below-
Programmes for Youth and Adolescent strict and rigid mindset of expectations
Development. It is also accompanied from the youth. Rather, the concern 1. S k i l l u p g r a d a t i o n
by National youth festivals and awards is to bring out variables that are Training program (SUTP): It
to facilitate and encourage the young. considered important for the youth by aims to develop vocational training
YOJANA June 2017 9

skill with the help of trained masters social barriers-Two programmes can in M.Sc. In Counseling psychology,
to help generate extra income and be highlighted. M.A. in Social Innovation and
boost self confidence. Entrepreneurship, M.A Gender studies
(i) Tr i b a l Yo u t h E x c h a n g e and M.A. in development policy and
This programme also aims to Programme (TYEP): The aim practice etc. it also makes available the
recognize the local need and thus is to pick up potential youth facility of pursuing doctoral degree,
imparts vocational training. from the left wing extremism pertaining to the subject concerning the
affected tribal belt and tour them youth in an interdisciplinary manner.
2. P r o m o t i o n o f f o l k a r t , to other parts of the nation. It
culture and yuva kriti:with enables them to develop and With the idea to provide an
the generation x obsessed about nationalize their mind set without economically feasible, socially trusted
the west this programme comes the influence of a dominant local and easily available accommodation-
as the much needed task master to ideology. TYEP also provides the government has stationed various
provide opportunity to the rural an opportunity where learning Youth Hostels centered across cities
youth to showcase and promote by experience may be put into located at historically and culturally
their culture and talent. practice in respective tribal rich places, among city centres and
home towns whose youth have tourist destinations- equipped with
3. Mahatma Gandhi Yuva Swachta
seen the magic of development; full power and water supply, it aims
Abhiyaan and Shramdaan
infrastructural growth and skill to provide a living experience of
Karyakram to alert and engage the nationwide diverse culture and
development.
the youth in contributing to the interaction by providing an accessible
cleanliness drive and water (ii) The North-East Youth Exchange accommodation.
conservation. Programme: Under the Nehru
Yuva Kendra Sangathan in a joint The government through its various
Following the disparity across the effort with the Ministry of Youth means has tried its best to bring out
nation and inadequate participation, Affairs and Ministry of Home the potential and capability of each
few inclusive programmes have Affairs, aims at a collaboration individual youth, that not only helps
highlighted the governments good of North Eastern Youth with the in personality development but foster
intention and emphasis on social Youth of Maharashtra to develop an emerging national global dominant
inclusion and inclusive growth policy. an understanding of socio- voice. The transforming youth shall be
important among them are: economic development and ethos the torch bearers of a much sensitized,
of culturally diverse lifestyle. conscious and harmonious world.
(4) L i f e s k i l l tr a i n i n g f o r
adolescents (Empowerment for In the first of its kind, a milestone To conclude on the importance of
adolescents): achievement Sriperumbudur in Tamil the youth and its indomitable spirit-
Nadu saw the establishment of An Swami Vivekanands words shall shine
This is an important and major
Institute of National Importance bright and true Arise! Awake! And
initiative for it highlights the
developed under the Ministry of Youth Stop not until the goal is achieved.
psychological derailment of the
Affairs and Sports.
youth, and training youth in a Reference
manner that enables them to cope By the virtue of enactment Act
with the pressure and make healthy 2012- The Rajiv Gandhi National Census 2011 Report
life choices. This scheme also aims Institute of Youth Development was India 2017, Publications Division,
to sensitize and make aware the established. It aims to establish itself as Ministry of Information and
adolescent about reproductive sexual a globally recognized and acclaimed Broadcasting, GOI
health, the issues and concerns. It centre of academic excellence in the
aims to draw a consensus by pooling field of Youth Development Annual Report 2016-2017,
their potential for problem solving. MYAS, GOI q
I t o ff e r s v a r i o u s a c a d e m i c
Bridging the geographical and programmes mainly post graduate degrees (E-mail: [email protected])
Yojana Social Security

Forthcoming Issue
10 YOJANA June 2017

'ULVKWL&XUUHQW$IIDLUV7RGD\
' & $ 7 :E^
$0XVWUHDG0RQWKO\IRU
836&&6(3UHSDUDWLRQ
'RZQORDG
DSDJHIUHH
VDPSOHIURP
'ULVKWL,$6FRP
:KDWGRHVWKH836&ZDQWIURPDVSLUDQWVLQWKH3UHOLPLQDU\0DLQVDQG3HUVRQDOLW\7HVW"7KLVLVRXUIRFXV
;^^
'^
;ZZ^'^
WWDd^^'Wtz
<^ZddW>

d^/^
(QTDWUKPGUUCFXGTVKUKPIGPSWKT[%CNN
YE-672/2017
9GDYYYFTKUJVKKCUEQO'OCKNKPHQ"FTKUJVKRWDNKECVKQPUEQO
FRS\
YOJANA June 2017 11

PM on Youth
Excerpts from Mann ki Baat
Summer vacations feel good inspite of scorching heat. But as a friend, I want to suggest you certain tips about
how to utilize your vacation... Try to experience something that you have neither heard before , nor seen,
nor thought of and yet there is a curiosity in your mind. You must try new places, new experiences and new
skills...I will urge you to try to experience and satiate your curiosity on any subject during this vacation. Try
a new experiment. The experiment must be positive and a little out of your comfort zone.
Friends, dreams of making it big in life is a good thing, it is good to have some purpose in life, and you must
achieve your goals. But also self-evaluate whether the human element within yourself is getting frustrated, are
we not moving away from our human qualities.
Cant a little emphasis be given on this aspect in Skill development? Get away from technology, and try to
spend some time with yourself. Learn a musical instrument or learn a few sentences of a new language... This
is a country full of diversity and if you look, then there can be someone who can teach us something new just
around the corner. If you dont know how to swim, then learn swimming, try doing some drawing, even if you
do not end up making the best drawing, try to practice putting hand to the paper!... all these new experiments,
these skills are such that they will bring you joy and will remove you from the limitations of life to which
youre tied down.
Do something out of the box, my Friends. This is the only time to make something of your life. And if you think
that after appearing in all exams, at a new threshold of your career you will learn some new skill, then you wont
get a chance.... Try to know about things about which you have no prior knowledge, it will definitely benefit
you. Your inner human potential will awaken and this will provide a great opportunity for development.
The new generation is more or less freeing itself from the shackles of cash. It does not need cash. It has begun
adopting digital currency. I know you do it, but have you ever wondered that you can earn using this very
scheme? It is a scheme of the Government of India. You must be downloading the BHIM App and using it.
But do refer it to others; make others join you in that..... Youll become a sentinel of New India. The joy of a
vacation coupled with income ! Refer and earn.
Performance of key infrastructure sectors reviewed
Progress of key infrastructure sectors including petroleum and natural gas, power, renewable energy and housing
was reviewed recently by the Prime Minister. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana has benefited 1.98 crore
BPL households so far. The contribution of gas to the primary energy mix has risen to 8 per cent. 81 cities are
being covered under City Gas Distribution networks.
The rural electrification programme is proceeding swiftly, with over 13,000 villages electrified out of a total
of 18,452, and is on track for completion within the targeted 1000 days. Over 22 lakh rural BPL households
were electrified in 2016-17, and over 40 crore LED bulbs were distributed in the same period. The total inter-
regional transmission capacity has been significantly enhanced, with 41 GigaWatts transmission capacity being
added from May 2014 to April 2017. The total renewable generation capacity has crossed 57 GigaWatts, with
an increase of 24.5 per cent being registered in the last fiscal year. The capacity addition in solar energy in
FY17 was the highest-ever, at 81per cent. Solar and wind tariffs have now achieved grid parity, with rates well
below 4 rupees per Kilowatt-Hour. Under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana. IT and space-based applications are
being extensively used to monitor progress of the scheme. Over 32 lakh houses have been completed in rural
areas in FY17.
12 YOJANA June 2017

YE-665/2017
YOJANA June 2017 13

Handling the youth bulge
dimensions
Job Creation: Challenges & Way Forward
Alakh N Sharma
Balwant Singh Mehta
ndia has the worlds largest Yojna (SGSY), Swarna Jayanti Shahari
I youth population comprising

around one-fifth of the total
world youth population.
Indian youth can contribute
to higher economic growth if properly
Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY), Make in
India and Skill India. This short
paper delineates the dimensions of
the challenge of youth employment in
the country and provides an overview
absorbed in the labour market. More of the measures being undertaken by
than half (60.3 per cent) of Indias the government. The data used in this
population falls within the working paper are sourced from the fifth annual
age category of 15-59 years and about employment survey undertaken by the
a quarter (27.5 per cent) in the youth Labour Bureau of the Government of
The government initiatives category of 15-29 years (Census of India, 2015-16. While, generally youth
are in desired direction. India, 2011). The youth population population comprises persons aged
in India has grown at a higher rate 15-29 years, in this paper we consider
However, much more annually (2 per cent) compared to persons in the age group of 18-29 years.
needs to be done. overall rate of growth of population This is because only a small number
(1.6 per cent) between 2001 and persons belonging to the age group
Employment creation 2011. India, as a result, adds around of 15-17 years report themselves in
needs to be part of macro 10 million young people to the labour the labour market. The challenge of
market every year. Thus, the country employment thus largely concerns the
and other economic is experiencing a youth bulge which youth aged 18-29 years.
policies. Indian economy is much more pronounced in the
Worker Participation Rate
northern and eastern backward states
has not created enough of the country. However, the number Worker participation rate (WPR)
jobs and to accelerate the of jobs created each year is inadequate denotes the proportion of workers/
to absorb this growing population employed persons to total population.
process of job creation, of youth in the labour market. The In 2015-16, WPR for the youth was
different ministries need Indian government has introduced a 39.2 as against WPR of 57.3 for
number of employment generation the older age group of 30 years and
to include job creation in schemes to address this problem, above (Table 1). This is expected as
all their programmes and such as, Prime Minister Employment a significant proportion of persons
Generation Programme (PMEGP), belonging to 18-29 years also attend
policies Swaranajayanti Gram Swarozgar educational institutions. It can also
Professor Alakh N. Sharma, currently Professor and Director of the Institute for Human Development (IHD), New Delhi, is a well known
development and labour economist.. He has authored and edited a large number of books and papers in these areas. He is also the Editor
of the Indian Journal of Labour Economics (IJLE), the quarterly journal of the Indian Society of Labour Economics.
Dr. Balwant Singh Mehta is currently working as Fellow and Post Doctoral Fellow (ICSSR) at Institute for Human Development,
New Delhi. He has worked extensively in the areas of various Human Development issues like employment, poverty, inequality, child
well-being and information technology for development. He has published three books and more than 30 articles in various reputed
journals and books His contribution in social science research is recognised by several international organisations..
14 YOJANA June 2017

be seen from Table 1 that WPR in non-agricultural sectors
rural areas is much higher than in such as construction,
urban areas. Further, WPR is around manufacturing and trade
3.5 times higher for young males and related activities in
compared to young females aged 18- greater numbers. This
29 years. shift from agriculture is
largely due to the fact that
Around two-fifth of the workers agriculture is not able
aged 18-29 years were self-employed, to absorb more labour
as against around half for the workers and because it does not
above age of 30 years (Table 2). It can offer remunerative jobs
also be inferred from Table 2 that more for the young entrants
and more youth are joining the labour in the labour market who have better
market as regular and casual wage that of young males (11.3 per cent).
educational achievements.
workers. This trend is visible in both Unemployment is higher in urban than
rural and urban areas. Unemployment Rate in rural areas and for females compared
to males. The unemployment rate
Industrial Distribution Unemployment rate is the proportion among young females in urban areas
of persons who were available for is alarmingly high at 28 per cent (for
The industrial distribution of work but did not get work and are
workers shows that the majority of young males it was 11.5 per cent). It
stillseeking work. The unemployment is also important to note that although
persons in the age category of 18-29
rate for the youth belonging aged 18- only a small proportion of young
years were employed in agriculture and
29 years during 2015-16 was 13.2 per people belonging to age group of 15-17
allied activities (38.1 per cent) followed
cent (Table 3), which was more than years seek employment, the incidence
by trade, hotel and restaurant (19.4 per
8 times the unemployment rate of of unemployment for this age group is
cent), construction (15.1 per cent),
workers aged 30+ years (1.6 per cent). as high as that of persons aged 18-29
manufacturing (13.1 per cent) and
The unemployment rate for young years. The situation is similar for rural
other services. A comparison with the
older age group of 30 years and above females in the youth category was and urban areas as well as males and
shows that younger people are joining 20.0 per cent which is almost double females.
Table 1 Work Participation Rate (UPS) by Age Group, 2015-16

Sector 15-17 years 18-29 years 30+ years
M F P M F P M F P
Rural 11.1 4.3 8.0 63.1 19.1 42.3 89.0 29.8 60.1
Urban 4.0 1.4 2.8 48.6 11.8 30.7 82.6 16.7 50.4
Total 9.3 3.6 6.7 59.3 17.1 39.2 87.1 26.0 57.3
Source: Labour Bureau, Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario,
Vol II, 2015-16, Government of India
Note: UPS Usual Principal Status; M-Male, F-Female, P-Persons.
Table 2 Activity Wise distribution of workers (UPS) by different age groups, 2015-16
15-17 Years 18-29 Years 30 Years & above

R U R+U R U R+U R U R+U
Self Employed 40.8 30.9 39.7 40.5 33.3 39.0 51.2 43.4 49.2
Wage/ Salaried employee 5.1 18.9 6.5 14.1 37.6 19.0 10.5 33.8 16.5
Contract Worker 3.6 7.7 4.0 4.6 8.4 5.4 2.4 4.9 3.0
Casual Worker 50.6 42.6 49.7 40.8 20.7 36.6 35.9 17.9 31.0
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: Labour Bureau, Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario, Vol II, 2015-16, Government of
India
Note: R-Rural, U-Urban
YOJANA June 2017 15

Table 3 Activity wise distribution of workers (UPS) by different age groups, 2015-16
Industry 15-17 Years 18-29 Years 30+ Years
Agriculture & allied 53.4 38.1 47.2
Mining & Quarrying 1.9 0.9 1.1
Manufacturing 14.5 13.2 9.6
Electricity, gas and Water Supply 0.2 0.6 0.6
Construction 14.8 15.1 10.0
Trade, Hotels and Restaurants 12.2 19.4 17.5
Transport, Storage and Communication 1.1 3.7 3.9
Financial, insurance, real estate and business services 1.4 8.3 9.2
Community, social and personal services 0.6 0.7 0.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario, Vol II, 2015-16
Unemployment among educated levels as compared to their male that discrimination prevails against
youth is becoming increasingly more counterparts. females in recruitment and hiring
acute as the level of unemployment practices in the labour market. An
among youth rises with increase More than one-third of educated additional reason can be that jobs
in the level of education (Table 4). females aged 18-29 years, having suitable for women are not being
Unemployment is 23 per cent among completed certificate course or created or there is a lack of suitable
youth having a certificate course at diploma degrees at undergraduate and infrastructure facilities, such as,
undergraduate level or having diploma graduate levels are unemployed. The transport, crche facilities etc which
at graduate level, which increases situation is acute for young women could facilitate womens access to
to around 35 per cent for those who who are graduate and above the jobs. As a whole, it is clear that India
complete their graduate degree and unemployment rate in this category has not been able to create enough jobs
above. It is also important to note is around 48 per cent. This means for its young people. The challenge
that educated young females have that the Indian labour market is not in case of urban young females is
significantly higher unemployment only creating inadequate jobs, but particularly high.
Table 4 Unemployment Rate (UPS) by Age Group, 2015-16

Sector 15-17 years 18-29 years 30+ years
M F P M F P M F P
Rural 18.4 22.8 19.5 11.2 17.9 12.7 0.9 3.7 1.6
Urban 22.1 21.4 22.0 11.5 27.9 15.1 0.7 5.3 1.5
Total 18.8 22.7 19.8 11.3 20.0 13.2 0.9 4.0 1.6
Source: Labour Bureau, Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario,

Vol II, 2015-16, Government of India
Table 5 Unemployment Rate by Education level and Age Group (UPS), 2015-16
Education 18-29 years 30+ years
M F P M F P
Not Literate 4.0 6.2 4.9 0.6 3.0 2.2
Below Primary 4.8 5.8 5.1 0.6 1.9 1.6
Primary 5.5 8.0 6.2 0.6 2.3 1.0
Middle/Secondary/Higher 9.2 17.1 10.4 0.7 4.8 1.6
Certificate course at under-graduate level 21.3 31.3 23.5 0.6 11.2 2.4
Diploma at Graduate level 20.9 33.1 23.0 1.0 7.6 1.4
Graduate & above 29.7 47.7 34.8 2.3 13.5 6.2
All 11.3 20.0 13.2 0.9 4.0 1.6
Source: Labour Bureau, Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario, Vol II, 2015-16, Government of India
16 YOJANA June 2017

Recent Government Initiatives (PMMY) in April, 2015, to provide needs to be done. Employment creation
access to institutional finance to needs to be part of macro and other
The government had earlier micro/small business units. Under the economic policies. Indian economy
introduced several self employment has not created enough jobs and to
PMMY three kinds of loans can be
schemes to promote employment for accelerate the process of job creation,
sanctioned which signify the stage
youth but the results have not been different ministries need to include job
of growth/development and funding
very satisfactory. Hence, several new creation in all their programmes and
schemes in recent years have been needs of the unit Shishu (Rs 50,000),
Kishor (Rs 50,000 to Rs 5,00,000), and policies. It also needs to be mentioned
launched to encourage entrepreneurship that a large part of central and eastern
among the youth, such as, Startup India Tarun, (Rs 5,00,000 to Rs 10,00,000).
The total amount of loans disbursed India has not been able to experience
with Mudra (Micro Units Development growth and employment creation
and Refinance Agency), Stand-up under the PMMY programme crossed
Rs. 1.25 trillion as of March 2016. as in western and southern India.
India, Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Such regional inequality needs to be
Ease of Doing Business,Startup Out of 32.7 million borrowers, 30.3
million borrowers were in the Shishu corrected so that local youth are able
Village Entrepreneurship Programme to get employment in the regions itself.
etc. A brief account of these schemes category.
Further, there is need for suitable
is given below. policies and programmes so that more
Start-up Village Entrepreneurship
Startup India and Stand-up India Programme (SVEP) and more women get employment. The
country needs to move fast so that it
The government has initiated In order to promote entrepreneurship realizes the demographic dividend. If
The Start-up India and Stand-up in rural areas, the government is it fails, the demographic dividend will
India in January, 2016 to encourage planning to launch the Start-up turn into a demographic disaster.
entrepreneurship by providing Village Entrepreneurship Programme
assistance such as tax benefits and a (SVEP). The objective of the SVEP is References
mega start-up fund of Rs 10,000 crores. to energize and streamline economic India start-up outlook report, (2017),
The government has also taken various growth by providing necessary thrust Innoven Capital: India startup outlook
measures to improve the ease of doing from the grass roots, i.e. villages, report, 2017, accessed from http://www.
business by building an enabling towards creation of sustainable self innovencapital.com/sites/default/files/ on
environment for Stand-ups by initiating employment opportunities. SVEP 12 May, 2017
a liberal approach in registration, is expected to support creation and Institute for Human Development
legal formalities, regulatory control, strengthening of about 1.82 lakh (2014), India Labour and Employment
tax concession, etc. India had about village enterprises in 125 blocks across Report 2014, Delhi
4,700 Stand-ups by December, 2016. 24 States in four years i.e. 2015-19. India Employment Report 2016,
However, these schemes have not This is expected to create employment Delhi
been able to provide the desired results for about 3.78 lakh persons. This
as over 200 Stand-ups initiated have Labour Bureau (2017), Youth
program can do much to enhance
closed down within a year. Although Employment and Unemployment Scenario,
entrepreneurial opportunities for the Vol II, 2015-16, accessed from http://
it is argued that this is a natural growing number of rural youth if
progression and not more than 20 per labourbureau.nic.in/EUS_5th_Vol_2.pdf
implemented properly. on 10 May, 2017
cent of the Stand-ups survive a highly
competitive market (India start-up Conclusion Ministry of Finance, GoI (2017), Year
outlook report, 2017), there is a need End Review, Department of Financial
to pay more attention to the attribution India is going through a phase Services, and Ministry of Finance accessed
rate. The Stand-up India scheme was of demographic transition due to from ttp://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.
also launched in January, 2016 aimed which the proportion of youth in the aspx?relid=156054 on 12 May, 2017
to promote entrepreneurship among total population is increasing. An Mitra, Arup, Verick, Sher (2013).
marginalized groups such as scheduled increasing number of youth require Youth employment and unemployment:
castes (SCs), scheduled tribes (STs), good education and a steady creation an Indian perspective. ILO Asia-Pacific,
and women. As on December, 2016, of suitable jobs. As the analysis above DWT for South Asia and Country Office
the total number of loans sanctioned shows, the challenge is indeed huge, for India,New Delhi: ILO, Working
under Stand Up India Scheme were particularly for the educated youth. It is Paper Series.
15341 including 2055 women, 2568 unfortunate that while on the one hand Nasscom and Zinnov (2016) Indian
SCs, and 718 STs (Ministry of Finance, India has one of the lowest participation Start-up Eco-System Maturing NASSCOM,
GoI, 2017). rate for women in the world, on the 2016, New Delhi accessed from www.
other, the unemployment rates among nasscom.in/download/summary_file/
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana the young women who are joining
(PMMY) fid/135625 on 12 May, 2017. q
the labour force are extremely high.
The government also launched The government initiatives are in the (E-mail: [email protected]
the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana desired direction. However, much more [email protected])
YOJANA June 2017 17

YE-657/2017
18 YOJANA June 2017

fostering entrepreneurship
Special Article
making a nation of job creators
Saurabh Sanyal
Ranjeet Mehta
ndia needs 10 million jobs a offer a product or service that is not
I year and global data shows

that it is start-ups, not large
enterprises that create net new
jobs in any country. Start ups
are also the centers of innovation and
currently being offered elsewhere in
the market, or that the founders believe
is being offered in an inferior manner.
In the early stages, start-up companies
expenses tend to exceed their revenues
are a great way to enhance employment as they work on developing, testing
creation in the economy. The Prime and marketing their idea. As such,
Minister formally launched the Start- they often require financing. Startups
up India initiative on January 16, may be funded by traditional small
2016 from Vigyan Bhawan, New business loans from banks or credit
Once an enterprise is Delhi. This initiative aims at fostering unions, by government sponsored
entrepreneurship and promoting small business administration loans
established, the process innovation by creating an ecosystem from local banks, or by grants from
that is conducive for growth of Start- nonprofit organizations and state
of industrialization ups. The objective is that India must governments.
is set in motion. All become a nation of job creators instead
of being a nation of job seekers. The Start-ups are essentially of two
these activities foster Startup India by Prime Minister has kinds. One that starts something ground
already brought lots of positivity up, something that no one has thought
entrepreneurship and among the entrepreneurs in India. about and is often ground breaking.
Industry is elated by the fact that India This type of start-up is difficult to
create demand for create but once created often sees
has the thirdlargest number of start-ups
various types of units globally. Fostering a fruitful culture unprecedented growth. The second
of innovation in the country is a long kind of start-ups are primarily the ones
and will in turn, lead to and important journey. This initiative who do not want to reinvent the wheel.
overall development of will go a significant way in reiterating They are akin to adding old wine in
Government of Indias commitment to a new bottle to create something new
an area due to increase making India the hub of innovation, and innovative.
design and Start-ups.
in demand and setting Entrepreneurship and start-ups
A start-up is a young company that are only a recent phenomenon in the
up of more and more is just beginning to develop. Start-ups country. Doing a start-up is tough
units are usually small and initially financed and every country sees more failures
and operated by a handful of founders than success. More often than not an
or one individual. These companies entrepreneur needs to be prepared
Saurabh Sanyal is Secretary General with PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry with over 33 years of experience in Armed forces and
the corporate sector.
Ranjeet Mehta is Director at PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi, addressing various policy related issues in
Infrastructure, Power Sector, Renewable Energy, Oil and Gas, Housing sector, Real Estate Regulatory Bill, Land Acquisition Bill,
Master Plan of Delhi, National Water Policy and Logistic Sector.
YOJANA June 2017 19

of contention, which, 2. Bootstrapping or self funding-
according to many is a Self-funding, also known as
reason why many start- bootstrapping, is an effective way
ups prefer to be domiciled of start-up financing, especially
abroad. According to when you are just starting your
government data, as many business. First-time entrepreneurs
as 2,46,495 pendency often have trouble getting funding
in patent applications without first showing some traction
and 5,32,682 trademark and a plan for potential success.
applications were 3. Crowd funding- Crowd funding
pending as on November is like taking a loan, pre-order,
1, 2015. contribution or investments from
more thanone person at the same
Around 90 per cent time. In this a start-up will put up a
of funding for start-ups, detailed description of his business
to face failures and unprecedented at present, comes from foreign venture on a crowd funding platform.
hardship. Entrepreneurship thrives on capitals and domestic financiers could He will mention the goals of
celebrations and a society that fails change the nature of innovation as his business, plans for making a
to appreciate business failures stifles well. A recent study by Grant Thornton profit, how much funding he needs
innovation and creativity even before it revealed that in 2015 more than 600 and for what reasons, etc. and
can start. A start-up failing has to be OK such companies got funding, with then consumers can read about
as failures often teach an entrepreneur, over $2 billion deployed by PE and the business and give money if
what to do and what not to do. VC funds. they like the idea. Those giving
As a start-up, you may have co- money will make online pledges
According to a recent study, over
founders, but you may not necessarily with the promise of pre-buying
94 per cent of new businesses fail the product or giving a donation.
possess the business acumen to
during first year of operation.Lack of Anyone can contribute money
succeed. Having a brilliant idea is
fundingturns tobe one of the common towards helping a business that
different from making that idea a
reasons. Money is the bloodline of they really believe in. Some of
business success. For a start-up, it is
any business. The long painstaking the popular crowd funding sites
very important to have mentors who
yet exciting journey from the ideato in India are Indeigogo,wishberry,
have been through a similar process of
starting or have business experience. revenue generating business needs ketto,fundlined etc.
A great mentor is often what separates a fuel named capital. Thats why, at
4. A n g e l I n v e s t m e n t - A n g e l
success from failure by providing almost every stage of the business,
investors are individuals with
valuable inputs. However, there is no entrepreneurs find themselves asking
surplus cash and a keen interest
formal mechanism to mentor start-ups How do I finance my start-up?
to invest in upcoming start-ups.
in the country. Every mentoring that There are various funding mechanisms
They also work in groups of
happens is on an ad-hoc basis. A start- available in the market for start-ups. networks to collectively screen the
up that has raised funds can count the Here are few funding options for proposalsbefore investing.They
investors for some form of mentoring, start-ups that will help them to raise can also offer mentoring or advice
but honest, unbiased, good business capital for their business. alongside capital. Angel investors
mentors are far and few in between. have helped to start-up many
For start-ups finding a good mentor is 1. Pradhan Mantri Micro Units prominent companies, including
often an uphill task. Development and Refinance Google, Yahoo and Alibaba. This
Agency Limited (MUDRA)- alternative form of investing
Addressing funding challenges started with an initial corpus of generally occurs in a companys
Most of the first generation Rs. 20,000 crore to extend benefits early stages of growth, with
entrepreneurs across the country are to around 10 lakhs SMEs. You investors expecting an upto 30
applauding the governments efforts can submit your business plan per centequity.They prefer to take
to recognize their business ventures and once approved, the loan gets more risks in investment for higher
under the banner of Start-Up India, sanctioned. You get a MUDRA returns.
but for most challenges of funding, Card, which is like a credit card, 5. Venture Capital - Venture capitals
patents and creation of intellectual which can be used to purchase are professionallymanaged funds
property remain. Similarly, the long raw materials, other expenses etc. who invest in companies that
process of registration of patents Shishu, Kishor and Tarun are three have huge potential. They usually
and lack of incentives for research categories of loans available under invest in abusiness against equity
and development is another bone the promising scheme. and exit when there is an IPO
20 YOJANA June 2017

or an acquisition. VCs provide (for registration,
expertise, mentorship and act filing compliances
as a litmus test of where the and obtaining
organisation is going, evaluating information)
the business from the sustainability 4. Legal Support, Fast
and scalability point of view.
Tracking and 80 per
6. B u s i n e s s I n c u b a t o r s & cent reduction in
Accelerators- Early stage patent registration
businesses can consider Incubator fee
and Accelerator programs as a
funding option. Found in almost 5. Relaxed Norms of
every major city, these programs Public Procurement
assist hundreds of start-up 6. Easier & Faster Exit
businesses every year. Incubators 3. Register through app
7. Funding Support via a Fund of
are like a parent to a child, who Funds corpus of INR 10,000 An online portal, in the shape of a
nurture the business providing crore mobile application, is being launched
shelter tools and training and to help start-up founders to easily
network to a business. Accelerators 8. Credit Guarantee Funding register.
are almost or less the same thing, 9. Tax Exemption on Capital gains 4. Patent protection
but an incubator helps/assists/ 10. 3-Year Income Tax Exemption
nurtures a business to walk, A fast-track system for patent
while accelerator helps to run/ 11. Tax Exemption on Investments examination at lower costs is being
take a giant leap. above Fair Market Value (FMV) conceptualised by the central
12. Annual Start-up Fests (national government. The system will promote
7. Microfinance Providersor NBFCs-
awareness and adoption of the
Microfinance is basically access and international)
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) by
of financial services to those 13. Launch of World-class Innovation
the start-up foundations.
who would not have access to Hubs under Atal Innovation
conventional banking services. It Mission (AIM) 5. Rs 10,000 crore fund
is increasingly becoming popular 14. Set up of country-wide Incubator The government will develop a
for those whose requirements fund with an initial corpus of Rs 2,500
Network
are limited and credit ratings crore and a total corpus of Rs 10,000
not favoured by the bank. 15. Innovation Centres to augment
crore over four years, to support
Similarly,NBFCs orNon Banking Incubation and R&D
upcoming start-up enterprises. The
Financial Corporations are 16. Research Parks to propel Life Insurance Corporation of India
corporations that provide Banking innovation will play a major role in developing
services without meeting legal this corpus. A committee of private
17. Promote Entrepreneurship in
requirement/definition of a bank. professionals selected from the start-up
Biotechnology
Government initiatives industry will manage the fund.
18. Innovation Focused Programs for
Start-Up Action Plan has a 19-point Students 6. National Credit Guarantee Trust
agenda including incentives such as Company
19. A n n u a l I n c u b a t o r G r a n d
self certification for complying with Challenge A National Credit Guarantee
labour and environment regulations, a Trust Company (NCGTC) is being
panel of facilitators to help file patent 1. Self certification conceptualised with a budget of Rs 500
and intellectual property applications, The start-ups will adopt self- crore per year for the next four years to
tax exemptions for seed funding, certification to reduce the regulatory support the flow of funds to start-ups.
capital gains and three year holiday liabilities. The self-certification will 7. No Capital Gains Tax
on income tax as well as a Rs 10,000
apply to laws including payment of
crore financing support through a fund At present, investments by venture
of funds for four years.
gratuity, labour contract, provident capital funds are exempt from the
fund management, water and air Capital Gains Tax. The same policy is
Start-up Indias 19-Point Action pollution acts. being implemented on primary-level
Plan 2. Start-up India hub investments in start-ups.
1. Self-certification Compliance 8. No Income Tax for three years
An all-India hub will be created
2. Single Point of Contact via Start- as a single contact point for start- Start-ups would not pay Income
up India Hub up foundations in India, which will Tax for three years. This policy would
3. Simplifying Processes with help the entrepreneurs to exchange revolutionise the pace with which start-
Mobile App and Portal knowledge and access financial aid. ups would grow in the future.
YOJANA June 2017 21

9. Tax exemption for investments of innovation-related programems for It can be concluded that Start-up
higher value students in over 5 lakh schools. companies are the most dynamic
In case of an investment of higher 16. Legal support economic organizations on the market,
value than the market price, it will be since they provide additional dynamics
exempt from paying tax. A panel of facilitators will provide and competitiveness to any economic
legal support and assistance in system. They act as catalytic agent for
10. Building entrepreneurs submitting patent applications and change, which results in chain reaction.
Innovation-related study plans other official documents. Once an enterprise is established, the
for students in over 5 lakh schools.
17. Rebate process of industrialization is set in
Besides, there will also be an annual
A rebate amount of 80 percent motion. All these activities foster
incubator grand challenge to develop
of the total value will be provided entrepreneurship and create demand
world class incubators.
to the entrepreneurs on filing patent for various types of units and will in
11. Atal Innovation Mission turn, lead to overall development of
applications.
The Atal Innovation Mission will an area due to increase in demand and
be launched to boost innovation and 18. Easy rules setting up of more and more units.
encourage talented youths. Norms of public procurement and Indigenous start ups will not only
12. Setting up incubators rules of trading have been simplified make the lives of the people easier
A private-public partnership for the start-ups. through their affordable and convenient
model is being considered for 35 new 19. Faster exit services but will also act as a major
incubators and 31 innovation centres booster for the development and
at national institutes. If a start-up fails, the government the progress of the Indian economy.
will also assist the entrepreneurs to find We believe that Start-up India is
13. Research parks suitable solutions for their problems. about creating prosperity in India.
The government plans to set up If they fail again, the government will Many enterprising young people who
seven new research parks, including six provide an easy way out. dream of starting their own business
in the Indian Institute of Technology lack the resources. As a result, their
campuses and one in the Indian Institute Indian startups saw $3.5 billion
angel and venture capital invested ideas, talent and capabilities remain
of Science campus, with an investment
across over 815 deals between Q1-Q3 untapped and the country loses out on
of Rs 100 crore each.
2016, representing a major decrease wealth creation, economic growth and
14. Entrepreneurship in employment. Start-up Indiais helping
biotechnology in the total deal value from the
same period last year. According to boost entrepreneurship and economic
The government will further YourStory Research, between January development by ensuring that people
establish five new biotech clusters, 50 and September 2015,$7.3 billion was who have the potential to innovate and
new bio incubators, 150 technology invested across 639 deals. This year, start their own business are encouraged
transfer offices and 20 bio-connect with proactive support and incentives
while the number of deals has increased
offices in the country. at multiple levels. q
by 27 percent, the deal value and
15. Dedicated programmes in ticket size have decreased. To put it in
schools perspective, 2014 had just 300 VC and (E-mail: [email protected]
angel deals in the entire year. [email protected])
The government will introduce
Micro and Small Enterprise Facilitation Council (MSEFC) Portal and MyMSME Mobile App
Two important initiatives of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Ministry of MSME), viz. Micro
and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council (MSEFC) portal and MyMSME Mobile App were launched by the Union
Minister for Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation and Information & Broadcasting
The Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council (MSEFC) portal onhttp://msefc.msme.gov.in, is expected to
facilitate implementation of the delayed payment provisions of the MSMED Act 2006 and also assist in monitoring of
delayed payment cases for micro and small enterprises online. It would also help officers of the Ministry of MSME as
well as the State Government concerned in monitoring the progress of cases both at the State and National levels. Most of
the States have already uploaded the information regarding delayed payment cases on MSEFC portal. As on 31.03.2017,
3690 cases involving an amount of Rs.1660 crore are being considered by various MSEFCs. In fact, the online portal
would be of great help to start-ups since delayed payment is probably the single biggest problem for start-ups.
The MyMSME mobile app on http://my.msme.gov.in, provides information on all schemes implemented by the
Ministry of MSME at one place. With the help of MyMSME mobile app Ministry of MSME would be providing one
single window to MSMEs to access information on all schemes implemented by the Ministry and as well as apply for
any of them. And MSMEs can also lodge grievances pertaining to Ministry of MSME through this app.
22 YOJANA June 2017

YE-669/2017
YOJANA June 2017 23

Tool for Empowerment
Skilling
Youth: A Change Agent
sunita sanghi
killing is building a better India comprising of West Bengal,
S India. If we have to move

India towards development
then skill development should
Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and
Andhra Pradesh and the hinterland
states viz viz. Madhya Pradesh,
be our mission-Prime Minister on Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
August 15, 2014. While the peninsular states show a
pattern closer to China and Korea,
India is at the cusp of demographic with sharp rises and declines in
transition wherein 65 per cent of the the working age population, the
population is in the working age 15- hinterland states remain relatively
59. This offers a unique opportunity young and dynamic, characterized
to become the skill capital of the by a rising working age population
world to meet the skilled manpower for some time, plateauing out
requirements of ageing economies towards the middle of the century.2
by appropriate skilling in consonance Demographically therefore, there
with the standards accepted across are two Indias, with implications
Various initiatives and countries. for policy responses viz. a soon-to
As per the National Youth Policy, begin-ageing India (peninsular India)
programmes together 2014 all young persons in the age where the elderly and their needs
will require greater attention; and
with best practices in group 15-29 years constitutes youth
a young India (Hinterland States)
population which is a diverse group
the skill development with varying needs, aspirations and where providing education, skills,
requirements. The youths as per 2011 and employment opportunities must
space can be scaled up Census comprises of 28 per cent of the be the focus.
population contributing about 34 per However, mobilizing the youth for
and replicated across cent of Indias Gross National Income vocational education/ skill development
states to achieve the (GNI). The contribution of youth to is difficult in these States due to lack
the GDP can be increased by increasing of willingness to migrate, inability to
desired objective of their labour force participation and pay for training, lack of employers
their productivity.1 The need of the endorsements, low literacy level,
making youth the hour is to empower youth to achieve lack of awareness, among others. The
their full potential and to enable India question of empowering the youth
change agent to be the leader in supply of skilled necessitates a glance into the youth
labour force. participation in the labour market.
The demographic advantage Youth and Labour market
that India enjoys is not uniformly
distributed across the country. There The labour market indicators
is a clear divide between peninsular viz. labour force participation rates
The author is Adviser (Skill Development, Employment and Managing Urbanisation), NITI Aayog.
24 YOJANA June 2017

(employed or seeking work), workers entering the labour market. The trend There is high level of youth
population ratio and unemployment in the work force participation rate for unemployment especially among the
rate as given in Table 1 provides youth of different cohort groups in 15- educated youth hindering the reaping
an important insight into the labour 29 age group are also similar to Labour of the demographic advantage. As
market conditions for youth in India. Force Participation. per the EUS 2011-12 data, the high
unemployment rate among the educated
It is evident from the Table 1 that As regards the unemployment rate it youth is suggestive of increase in the job
there has been a decline in labour force varied between 6.1 per cent to 15.6 per aspirations and mismatch between jobs
participation rate for all age groups cent across different age cohorts for all and aspiration. It emerges from Table 2
irrespective of gender and spatial categories. The urban females(15-29) that the unemployment rate is high not
distinction. However, the decline has experienced the highest unemployment only among formal educated but also
been very sharp for the rural females 15.6 per cent which may possibly among the vocationally qualified that is
which could be attributed to the absence be due to family support to females. diploma and certificate holders.
of job opportunities in the rural areas In different youth age groups, the
or due to social/religious customs. unemployment rate is high among What emerges from the above
The decline in the younger male age the entry age group 15-19 across all analysis is a paradoxical situation
groups both in rural and urban areas is categories and tends to decline as age where on the one hand youth are
suggestive of youths participation in advances but remains higher than the seeking jobs and industry is seeking
education to enhance their skills before national average. skilled manpower but neither youth are
Table 1. Labour Force Participation Rate, Worker Population Ratio and Unemployment Rate
among Youth of Different age Cohorts according to Usual Status
Rural Male
Age Group 1999-2000 2011-12
LFPR WPR UR LFPR WPR UR
15-19 532 503 6.5 333 303 11.4
20-24 889 844 6.2 788 742 6.9
25-29 975 950 3.2 963 942 2.8
15-29 - 741 5.1 - 616 6.1
All 540 531 - 553 543 -
Rural Female
15-19 314 304 3.1 164 156 8.0
20-24 425 409 4.9 297 278 9.9
25-29 498 491 2.4 369 357 5.8
15-29 - 400 3.7 - 258 7.8
All 302 299 - 253 248 -
Urban Male
15-19 366 314 15.4 256 223 14.4
20-24 755 658 13.9 664 594 11.6
25-29 951 883 7.5 951 906 5.3
15-29 - 593 11.5 - 558 8.9
All 542 518 - 563 546 -
Urban Female
15-19 121 105 15.5 89 78 15.3
20-24 191 155 25.8 197 160 21.9
25-29 214 194 15.8 253 231 10.8
15-29 - 149 19.9 - 157 15.6
All 147 139 - 155 147 -
Source: Various rounds of NSSO Employment and Unemployment Surveys
Notes: 1. Labour force participation rate (LFPR is defined as the number of persons/person-days in the labour force (which includes
both the employed and unemployed) per 1000 persons /person-days.2.Worker Population Ratio (WPR) is defined as the number of
persons/person-days employed per 1000 persons/person-days.3.Unemployment Rate (UR is defined as the number of persons/person-days
unemployed per 1000 persons/person-days in the labour force.
YOJANA June 2017 25

getting jobs nor Industry manpower. Initiatives for Employability councils; Focus on apprenticeship
This skill mismatch makes youth training with dedicated web portal and
unemployable which could be due to To harness the demographic flexibility to hire apprentices; New
either demand for a particular type of advantage and making youth institutions in terms of multi skilling
skill exceeding the supply of people employable, National Skill Development institutes in PPP mode for better
with that skill at equilibrium rates of Mission together with new National industry connect and addressing the
wages or the level of qualification or Policy for Skill Development and skill requirement of changing world
the field of qualification is different Entrepreneurship was launched in of work. skill universities are being
from that required to perform the 2015. The mission is focusing on envisaged to develop a large pool of
job adequately; or there is mismatch creating a pipeline of skilled people; qualified instructors, conduct research
between educational qualification and upskilling and reskilling to align supply in curricula and pedagogy in vocational
potential to get absorbed in appropriate for demand; advocating National Skill education and provide oversight over
jobs; or skill has become obsolete due Qualification Framework to facilitate skill institutions.
to technological improvement. certification according to common
and global standards; connecting The various initiatives by 20 central
Young job seekers make up about and matching supply and demand ministries including Ministry of Skill
49 per cent of the total unemployed in and catalyzing the entrepreneurship. development and Entrepreneurship
India with 93 per cent of the available The various initiatives/ programmes can be broadly categorised as general
work provided by the informal sector, a focus on synergy across ministries, programmes, region specific and sector
significant part of well-educated youth mobilisation and engagement, global specific programmes for enhancing
in India are either unemployed, under partnerships, outreach and advocacy, the employability of the youth. There
employed, seeking employment or use of ICT, training of trainers and are more 13000 than institutes, about
between jobs or coping with insecure taking measures for improving access 4000 polytechnics and more than
work arrangement. As per the latest and outreach of programmes by various 20000 vocational training providers
India skill report 2017 about 40 per cent disadvantaged groups. catering to different skill needs.
of the educated youth are employable. They are facilitating individuals to
The challenge is to address the problem There is a big push for vocational realise their full potential through a
of working poor, insecurity at the education both in terms of capacity and process of lifelong learning wherein
work place, lack of market linked quality improvement by reorienting the the competencies are accumulated
skills, information asymmetry, poor vocationalisation of school education through instruments such as credible
perception about skill development. from class 9 onwards and involving the certification, credit accumulation and
What emanates from above is need to industry in course curriculum, practical transfer. Given that large proportion
(i) match supply to current demand for training and facilitating teachers of work force is employed in informal
skills (ii) help workers and enterprises training; reforming and reorienting sector with limited skills and are
adjust to change; and (iii) building Industrial Training institutes in terms of required to be assessed for certification,
and sustaining competencies for future industry driven relevant curricula, flexi the recognition of prior learning under
labour market needs. The question MOUs with industrial partners, greater PMKVY is an important step for
is how to strategise improvement in use of technology in delivery and better inclusion of such workers through
employability. industry connect through sector skill skill upgradation and reskilling. The
Table-2 Unemployment Rate at usual status (adjusted) as per Education level for 2011-12
General Education Level Unemployment Rate (15-29 years)
Rural Urban
Male Female Male Female
Not literate 2.3 0.8 2.5 1.6
Literate & up to Primary 3.2 0.6 4.8 4.3
Middle school 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.8
Secondary 4.6 8.6 5.5 15.1
Higher Secondary 6.5 13.8 12.0 14.6
Diploma/certificate 15.9 30.0 12.5 17.3
Graduate& above 19.1 29.6 16.3 23.4
All 5.0 4.8 8.1 13.1
26 YOJANA June 2017

PMKVY is providing second chance
to high school drop outs to enter the
labour market with employable skills.
However, this requires strong advocacy
to promote paradigm shift in the
labour market to make skill training
aspirational.
The National Skill Development
A gency is taki ng forward the
systemic interventions viz. National
Skill Qualification Framework which
facilitates both horizontal and vertical
mobility and makes skill aspirational;
Common Norms for various Central
government driven programmes
for uniformity in cost, duration and
curriculum; Labour Market Information
System to address the information
asymmetry for different stakeholders;
monitoring the progress of skilling
in the country etc. The National
skill Development Corporation is percent males received/were receiving encourage youth for skill training. The
catalysing the private sector efforts formal vocational training in driving awareness about dignity of labour from
for ramping up the infrastructure as and motor mechanic work while young age would help in changing the
also the actual delivery of training among urban males 26.3 percent perception about the blue-collared jobs.
to be able to achieve the targets set were in computer trades. Similarly Different mechanisms can be used for
in the policy, 2015. The Sector Skill among rural females, 32.2 percent popularizing the skill programmes and
Councils, industry led bodies, are were receiving training in textile creation of aspirations. This would
facilitating linkage of training with related work and among urban females facilitate mobilisation.
demand through development of course computer trade was most sought
curriculum helping in assessment and after with 30.4 per cent. When one Mobilisation Key for Scaling
certification. Government has launched super imposes this data on the skill
skill loan initiative with the objective As per the National Skill
gap reports by NSDC, the mismatch
of facilitating poor students attending Development and Entrepreneurship
emerges between requirement and
skill development programmes. policy 2015, India needs to skill 110
output from training institutes. The
million and reskill/upskill 290 million
Although necessary policy and high employment generating sectors
by 2022. This mammoth task requires
programmatic interventions have as per the National Skill Development
mobilising students and youth across
been undertaken but much more corporation reports may face challenges
regions for skilling. The success of a
needs to be done to leverage the youth of attracting skilled manpower. The
skill training programme depends on
power through appropriate skilling Aspiration Matrix based on NSDC Skill
how best we are able to mobilise. In
for economic development. The key Gap Reports in Annex 1 supports this
the current scenario, the mobilisation
elements of strategy for leveraging the and highlights the need for mapping
of a candidate is left to the training
youth power are discussed. aspiration for effective demand supply
provider. The poor mobilisation is
match. The aspiration matrix shows
due to lack of information about
Leveraging Youth Power: that, in most states, there is greater
vocational courses and labour market
demand in sectors such as construction,
Mapping aspiration of the youth outcomes; affordability of vocational
transportation and logistics, agriculture
courses; unwillingness to migrate;
Mapping aspirations is key for and allied activities including food
outdated curriculum etc. The need
processing, but the demand for these
sustainable skill development to
occupations is low in most states. of the hour is a specific strategy to
facilitate access to decent employment mobilise the prospective trainees. The
opportunities for socio economic Therefore, mapping aspiration is Skill Sakhi Model of Maharashtra
inclusion. The analysis of available critical for demand supply match and Government wherein young women
data(EUS,2011-12) for training fulfilling economy requirement. It is from the community are trained to
indicates preference for certain trades felt that recognition and awards for mobilise women for skill development
in the rural and urban areas viz. 22.3 excellence in skill would motivate and programme is a novel way of creating
YOJANA June 2017 27

Annexure I
Aspiration Matrix
Demographically Demand for Manpower in Youth Aspirations
Advantageous States Sectors
High Average Low
Uttar Pradesh building, construction and real IT / ITES, organized retail BFSI, healthcare, hospitality Building and
estate, organised retail, and and Media & Entertainment and food processing construction,
banking, financial services and transportation,
insurance agriculture and
allied, textile, other
manufacturing,
pharmaceuticals
Delhi retail, construction, Retail, IT & BPO, Education, Construction, transportation, Domestic help, security
transportation, domestic Auto & Auto Parts, Public hospitality, BFSI, auto personnel, wholesale
help, IT & ITES, hospitality, Administration, Electrical maintenance, healthcare, trade, wood &furniture,
healthcare, education and Equipment, Textile & media & entertainment, real estate services.
banking, financial services and Apparel, Electronics & metallic products, non-
insurance (BFSI) Hardware metallic products, printing &
publishing, food processing,
chemical & pharmaceuticals.
Jharkhand building and construction, food processing, banking Tourism, hospitality travel building and
tourism hospitality and travel, and finance, engineering and trade, Real Estate & construction, mining,
trade, food processing, real products, textiles and Business Services, media & handloom & handicrafts,
estate services, banking and garments, automobile, health communication, electricity, organized retail,
finance, engineering products care, education & skill gas and water supply leather & leather
and transportation and logistics development and IT-ITES. goods, chemical &
pharmaceuticals.
Madhya Pradesh Construction, Retail, IT-ITES, Healthcare, Hospitality Banking and Construction, Retail,
Agriculture & allied activities, Education and skill financial Services, Textile Agriculture & allied
Textile, Transportation and development, Auto and Auto Transportation and logistics activities, Textile,
logistics, Mineral processing components, Media and Mineral processing Transportation and
entertainment logistics, Mineral
processing
Rajasthan Electrician, Computer Based Electrician Handicrafts & Handloom Mobile Repairing,
Accountancy & IT, Mobile Computer Based
Repairing, Wiring & Repairing Accountancy & IT,
(domestic), Automobiles Wiring & Repairing
mechanic, Courier Delivery, (domestic), Courier
Sales & marketing, Gems Delivery, Sales &
& Jewellery, Handicrafts & marketing, Gems &
Handloom Jewelry
West Bengal Construction, retail, agriculture IT / ITES, healthcare, tourism, travel & hospitality, Construction, retail,
& allied, MSME, jute-textile, Banking and financial transportation & logistics, agriculture & allied,
agro-food processing Services,repairing & communication, rubber MSME, jute-textile,
maintenance, engineering- & plastics, electronics & agro-food processing
auto, education & training, hardware.
gems & jewelry
Maharashtra IT / ITES, organized retail, IT / ITES, organized retail, Media & entertainment, building and
construction, agriculture tourism, travel & hospitality, BFSI, transportation & construction, other
& allied, chemicals & food processing, auto & auto logistics, healthcare, manufacturing,
pharmaceuticals, gems & components education & skill agriculture &
jewelry development, textile & allied, chemicals &
clothing pharmaceuticals, gems &
jewellery
Tamil Nadu Construction, retail and Automobile, IT / ITES, Textiles, Media & Leather, construction,
travel, hospitality & tourism tourism, travel & entertainment, transport, Food processing, gems
and travel, BFSI, automobile hospitality, Retail, BFSI, logistics, healthcare, real & jewellery, chemicals
Electronics Hardware, estate. & pharmaceuticals,
Education furniture, agriculture,
handlooms &
handicrafts.
Source: NSDC Skill Gap Reports 2012, data compiled by Dr Sakshi Khurana, YP, NITI AAYOG
28 YOJANA June 2017

local change makers and involving the employ them and provide them with wages. There is need to provide them
community for taking ahead the agenda opportunities to return as part of the an opportunity of improving their skill
of skill development. Local bodies working population. There is also need levels through reskilling and upskilling.
functionaries can be change makers to break the gender stereotyping for There are a large number of programmes
and help in creating database of youth women participation and encouraging both at the state and central level for
to be supported either with wage/self- women to participate in activities enhancing employability but there
employable skill training with proper and skills which are different from is need for clear distinction among
advocacy and outreach. The database routine. In this regard, the initiative by programmes for skilling, reskilling
can be uploaded on the SSDM portal Government of Haryana for building and upskilling to achieve the desired
with linkage to Aadhar card, Voter ID, capacities of women in occupations in targets as specified in the national
Bank account. The functionaries can the steel sector with the help of Jindal policy. The challenge is to identify such
be assigned additional duty of door to Steels is worth replicating. workers. There is need for creating
door campaign, parents, counselling the Skill Gap Analysis, developing
Not only there are sectoral and
and listing of unemployed youth for content for skill development and on-
gender variations but there are
skilling. the-ground hands-on training delivery.
infrastructure gaps in the North
There is need for rigorous evaluation
A National Awareness Campaign and North Eastern region vis a vis
to have a fuller understanding of the
including contact programs with Southern and Western region. While
skills training most likely to work for
schools, colleges and other educational the Southern and the Western regions
optimum utilisation of funds translation
institutions and role models to highlight account for 67 per cent of private and
of training to better outcomes in terms
labour market outcomes will attract a governments ITIs catering to 51 per
of jobs, wages, improved quality of life
large number of trainees to various cent of population with 60 per cent of
and productivity.
sectors. seating capacity, the North and East
zones accounts for only 33 per cent of There is also a need for recognition
Addressing Diversity ITIs catering to 49 per cent percent of of prior learning specially for those
population with 40 per cent of seating who have joined the labour market
The Indian Labour Market shows
sectoral, gender and spatial diversity.
capacity.4 Not only this, there are early and have experience but no
significant state wise variations within certificate and also those who have
Labour market has a preponderance each zone. It is necessary to focus on
of informal employment (93 per cent) skills passed on from generation to
infrastructure creation in these regions generation, mainly the artisans and
with just about 8 per cent working and wherever possible leveraging the
in the formal sector. The training handicraft workers. The RPL has the
facilities created in the Western and potential to improve employability,
requirement of both sectors varies. Southern regions for reskilling and
The poor division of labour in the mobility, lifelong learning, social
upskilling of those who are migrating inclusion and self-esteem. In India,
informal sector points to lack of skill from these regions to other areas where
specialisation and on the job learning there is need to ramp up especially
employment opportunities exist. This when 298.25 million workers are to be
hampering productivity. The sector may also call for migration support
has poor education and skill levels of reskilled/upskilled and RPL, Ministry
centres both in the source and the of Skill Development National Policy
workers.3 The National apprenticeship destination states. The efficiencies of
Programme needs to be used for better focuses on this and efforts are on
private sector needs to be leveraged to scale up but the challenge lies in
skilled manpower. either in terms of Corporate Social identification for RPL. There is no
Women constitute about 48 per Responsibility or direct participation one RPL model that is suitable for
cent of the total population but their in infrastructure development, on the all qualifications and all situations; in
participation in the labour force is job training, apprenticeship training, particular, different sectors give rise to
just about 22 per cent. The Prime training of trainers, curriculum different models. For RPL to be locally
Minister had said If the capacity of revision for creating a future job ready effective, there must be policy learning
women is built and they are linked workforce. and not policy borrowing. Success of
with the development process, then Second Chance: Reskilling/Up RPL, among other things, depends
the development of any country gets skilling of prior Learning on awareness about RPL, effective
speed up exponentially. The need vocational guidance and counselling
of the hour is to focus on skilling / A large proportion of youth drops services, integrating it with policy,
reskilling women to make them ready out before they complete secondary legal and regulatory frameworks
to join the labour market. The specific education. As per the 12th Plan for education and training systems;
policy intervention for increasing (2012-17) 47 per cent of students drop active participation of all stakeholders;
women participation requires providing out before they complete secondary effective institutional framework
adequate logistic support, special education. As a result when they enter for RPL; matching of occupational
focus on both skilling/reskilling and the labour market, they have very low standards and qualification standards
readiness on the part of employers to level of skills and they work at low (the matching should at least take
YOJANA June 2017 29

place at part level, if not that of a full can be scaled up and replicated across Ministry of Finance, Government
qualification; effective and efficient states to achieve the desired objective of India, Economic Survey, 2016-17,
assessment tools and methodologies of making youth the change agent. Chapter 1 Economic Outlook and Policy
appropriate to the context of target Endnotes Challenges. http://indiabudget.nic.in/
groups; cost-sharing and a sustainable, es2016-17/echap01.pdf
equitable funding mechanism for 1. National Youth Policy 2014
2. Chapter 1 Economic Outlook and Choudhary, Saahana Rai. Skill
RPL; providing skills upgrading Mismatches In Indian Labour Market;
opportunities to RPL candidates etc.5 Policy Challenges, Economic Survey,
2016-17 Policy Priorities and Challenges Ahead
3. Skill mismatches in Indian labour Indian Journal of Industrial Relations
School to work transition surveys
market; policy priorities and challenges Volume 49 No. 3 January 2015http://www.
(SWTS)
ahead, Saahana Rai Choudhary, the publishingindia.com/GetBrochure.aspx?qu
Improving the quantity and quality Indian Journal of Industrial Relations ery=UERGQnJvY2h1cmVzfC8yMDk2Ln
of labour market information for youth Volume 49 No. 3 January 2015. BkZnwvMjA5Ni5wZGY=
(15-29 years) is necessary. The labour 4. 12Th Five Year Plan 2012-2017 International Labour Organisation
force survey provides information on 5. Recognition of prior learning: Key (2015) Recognition of Prior Learning:
employment, unemployment and out of success factors and the building blocks Key Success Factors and the Building
labour force and also allows to generate of an effective system, Ashwani Blocks of an Effective System, Ashwani
indicators like length of unemployment, Aggarwal ILO Aggarwal file:///C:/Users/abc/Downloads/
status in employment, employment by 6. School to work Transition Surveys, Recognition per cent20of per cent20prior
sector. However, it does not provide ILO per cent20learning-KSF per cent20(1).pdf
information on job satisfaction, ease
or difficulty of the school-to-work References International Labour Organisation
transition. The SWTS would provide Planning Commission, Government (ILO) 2003 School to Work Transition
timely and relevant labour market of India (2013) Twelfth Five Year Plan Surveys http://www.ilo.org/employment/
information for strategizing design (20122017) Social Sectors, Volume areas/youth-employment/work-for-youth/
and implementation of national III SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. WCMS_191853/lang--ja/index.htm
employment programmes which http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/ OECD Economics Department
encompass the specific employment planrel/12thplan/pdf/12fyp_vol3.pdf Working Papers No. 1209 (2015) Labour
challenges of young women and Planning Commission, Government Market Mismatch and Labour Productivity:
men. These would help in identifying of India (2008) Eleventh Five Year Plan Evidence from PIACC Data by Mge Adalet
vulnerable groups so that policymakers (20072012) Oxford University Press McGowan and Dan Andrews
can take informed decisions that target http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/ https://www.oecd.org/eco/growth/
the right population. These surveys planrel/fiveyr/11th/11_v1/11th_vol1.pdf Labour-Market-Mismatch-and-Labour-
would facilitate the National Career Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Productivity-Evidence-from-PIAAC-Data.
Service helping youths transition to Government of India (2014) National Youth pdf. q
more satisfactory and secure jobs. Policy 2014 http://www.rgniyd.gov.in/sites/
These would also facilitate measures default/files/pdfs/scheme/nyp_2014.pdf (E-mail:[email protected])
to address various diversities in the
labour market and governments might Sagarmala-DDUGKY Convergence for Skill Development
focus on establishing incentives for in Coastal Districts
enterprises to provide training for For skills development of youth in coastal areas, the Ministry of Shipping signed
employees, targeting especially those an MoU with the Ministry of Rural Development in New Delhi recently. The MoU is
who would not normally receive it.6 for convergence of the Ministrys prestigious project Sagaramala and Ministry of Rural
This would facilitate in addressing the Developments flagship programme Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
future job challenges emerging due to (DDU GKY).
Industrial revolution. This MoU is expected to meet the exact skill needs of industries in the port and
To conclude, the rapid economic maritime sector and provide the coastal communities right skills for better opportunities
changes and future job scenario offers emanating from the large scale impact of Sagarmala projects. With skill development
both a challenge and opportunity to there will be close involvement of the coastal communities in Sagarmala and will make
youth to enhance their employability them contributors in the economic development and will ensure inclusive growth of the
for a better life. The enhanced coastal districts of the country.
employability would ensure job The Coastal Communities are key stakeholders in the Sagarmala Programme and
security and career progression thereby their skill development and livelihood is an important objective of the program. A budget
empowering youth to contribute to of Rs.100 Cr. has been allocated under Sagarmala for coastal community development
economic growth and be benefited out activities Along with the Skill gap studies, District Action Plans have been made in
of the growth as well. Various initiatives consultation with the State Governments and districts concerned. Specific training needs
and programmes together with best have been identified for more than 60000 trainees in the next phase through more than
practices in the skill development space 100+ skill projects.
30 YOJANA June 2017

GS MENTORS
IAS-2018 An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Company
INTERACT WITH OUR TOPPERS

The only Guidance you need to Crack Civil Services
GENERAL STUDIES
30 1
th st
JUNE Time JULY Time

10:00 AM 5:00 PM
FOUNDATION BATCH FOUNDATION BATCH
@ MUKHERJEE NAGAR @ RAJINDER NAGAR
Comprehensive Class Weekly Test

coverage of synchronised Objective &
Syllabus study material Subjective
THE
MENTORS Call for Registration: 7840888777/666
Zulfiquar Mohd. Tarique Khan R. R. Singh
Ex-Assistant Prof. of Economics, DU Associate Prof. of History, JMI Univ. Over 22 years of teaching experience
Vikash Ranjan Vishal Mishra Ayaz Khan Sonali Bansal

Over years of teaching experience Assistant Professor, DU Over 12 years of teaching experience Over 5 years of teaching experience
K.R. Singh S. Khan S. Suryavanshi, IRS Mithilesh Singh And

Ex-Assistant Professor DU Serving Civil Servant Over 10 years of teaching experience Over 10 years of teaching experience Team
Selected Candidates Mentored E-LEARNING PROGRAMME CLASSES ON TABLET/LAPTOP/ONLINE CLASSES
by the Faculty of GS Mentors
Specially meant for aspirants
RESULT-2015 who are unable to attend our classroom programme
CLASSES
And Many More
Others,
16.2 Energy,
ON Social
Services,
28.9
TABLET
14.0 &
y .5
str 7
du ls,
Tina Dabi Gaurav Singh Amit Aasery In era
Min
Transport,
33.4
Rank-1 Sogarwal, Rank-99 Rank-490
GS MENTORS
Central Plan Outlay by Sectors in BE 2015-16 (in per cent)
REGIONAL CENTRES (ONLINE) Source: Budget documents and CGA.
Aurangabad, Bhopal, Mumbai, J&K, Sikar CRACK UPSC EXAM

Franchisee in other major cities are also invited THE EASY WAY TABLET PREVIEW
7840888777,555
YE-666/2017
532, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 Website: www.gsmentors.com 23-B, 3rd Floor, Pusa Road, N. Delhi-5
011- 27607070, 7840888777 e-mail: [email protected] 011-47451000, 7840888666

YOJANA June 2017 31
do you know?
Angel funding
Angel funding or investments are typically the earliest equity investments made
in start-up companies.Angel investors invest in small start-ups or entrepreneurs
and they usually invest in the entrepreneur starting the business rather than on the
viability of the business. They help start-ups take their first step and do not bother
about the possible profit they may get from the business.
The term angel has been taken from theatre, where it was used to describe wealthy individuals who provided
money for theatrical productions that would otherwise have had to shut down. Angel investors are almost always
wealthy individuals and commonly band together in investor networks. Often these networks are based on regional,
industry, or academic affiliation. In recent years, India has emerged as one of the top three countries globally in terms
of the number of start-ups founded and the Indian start-up landscape seems to be very vibrant. According to India
Venture Capital and a private equity report prepared by the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras (IIT-M), the
total venture investment in start-ups during the period 2005-15 is estimated at `1117 billion (using 2015 as the base
year). Actual investment could be much higher since details of investment amount are not available for many of the
deals. The average annual growth rate in investment flow during the period 2005-15 is about 42 percent. Between
the years 2005-15, more than 10,000 start-ups have received funding. The average annual growth in the number
of start-ups that have been funded for the period 2005-15 has been 16 percent. In most sectors, there has been an
equivalent Indian start-up to that of a foreign start-up. While many foreign start-ups have also started operations
in India, the presence of an Indian start-up meant that the Indian consumer need not have to wait till the foreign
company started operations in India. Current best practices suggest that angels might do better setting their sights
even higher, looking for companies that will have at least the potential to provide a 20 to 30 times return over a
five- to seven-year holding period. After taking into account the need to cover failed investments and the multi-year
holding time for even the successful ones, however, the actual effectiveinternal rate of returnfor a typical successful
portfolio of angel investments is, in reality, typically as low as 2030 per cent. While the investors need for high
rates of return on any given investment can thus make angel financing an expensive source of funds, cheaper sources
of capital, such asbankfinancing, are usually not available for most early-stage ventures. Indian Angels Network
is the countrys oldest network of angel investors, which started in 2006. Last year, it signed 18 term sheets and
completed 11 deals in a broad range of companies from food tech start-up Mukunda to an online marketplace for
co-operative and community-based producers GoCoop. Some of the other angel groups include Mumbai Angels,
Harvard Angels, Chennai Angels and India Quotient.
Young entrepreneurs can be optimistic about raising financing from angel investors, as highly publicised success
stories are encouraging more angel investors to commit capital to start-ups.
Funding SC Entrepreneurs
The scheme of Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes was launched in 2014-15 with unique feature of higher
level of loans from Rs.50 lakhs to Rs.15 crores for SC entrepreneurs. Till date loans amounting to Rs.236.66 crores to
65 Scheduled Caste entrepreneurs has been sanctioned in different areas including Solar Energy, Water treatment plants,
Food processing and Beverages, Hotel etc. In nine projects, beneficiaries have started repayment and the Scheme is
also having multiplying effect on other SC entrepreneurs.
So far as the Skill Development is concerned, training is undertaken by all State Governments under the Scheduled
Caste Sub Plan and by National Scheduled Caste Finance and Development Corporation (NSFDC), National Safai
Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) and National Backward Classes Finance and
Development Corporation (NBCFDC). Over 1.5 lakh beneficiaries have benefitted from 2014-15 to 2016-17 and
48.42 per cent got wage/self-employment.
Under Entrepreneurship, over 17 lakh people have benefitted from subsidy given for loans taken for economic
activities in the last three years under Scheduled Caste Sub Plan. Over 8.12 lakh beneficiaries have been given loans
by the Corporations for entrepreneurships in the last three years
32 YOJANA June 2017

UPSC Civil Services Examination
Guiding the IAS, IPS, IRS of tomorrow
India 2017 YEARBOOK

` 345/-
SALIENT FEATURES
Written by the Union Home Secretory, Mr Rajiv Mehrishi
Articles contributed by leading intellectuals, academics and civil servants such as
Shrimati Vasundhara Raje (Chief Minister Rajasthan); Dr. Arvind Panghariya
(Vice Chairperson, NITI Aayog); Dr. Arvind Subramaniam (Chief Economic
Advisor, Govt of India); Shri Amitabh Kant (CEO, NITI Aayog); Eminent
economists Drs. Ajay Shah, Rajiv Kumar and Ila Patnaik to enrich the book
All the information is of a current nature, and completely updated till March 2017
Information is not merely document but analyzed for UPSC aspirants
ISBN: 9789352605682
` 715/- ` 395/- ` 495/- ` 445/-
ISBN: 9789352606146 ISBN: 9789352604807 ISBN: 9789352603459 ISBN: 9789385880490
Prices are subject to change without prior notice.

` 205/- ` 345/- ` 395/- ` 445/-
ISBN: 9789352605163 ISBN: 9789385880148 ISBN: 9789352604067 ISBN: 9789339224981
McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.

B-4, Sector-63, Dist. Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201301
YE-663/2017
/McGrawHillEducationIN /MHEducationIN /company/mcgraw-hill-education-india /McGrawHillEducationIndia

Toll Free number: 1800 103 5875 | Email: [email protected] | www.mheducation.co.in
MHE_Advert_Yojana Eng.indd 1 03-May-17 9:57:27 PM
YOJANA June 2017 33

global presence of indian youth
'pravasi bhartiya'
Flag Bearers of Indian Culture
Sheetal Sharma
Bhaskar Jyoti
ince time immemorial Indian is just 39 years. Since India has the
S youths have played the role of

flag bearers of Indian wisdom,
civilization and culture across
the world. When the world
was still engrossed with claiming the
youngest demographics in the world,
Indian emigrants travelling far and wide
are the youngest immigrants. India has
a strong 25 million diaspora spread
throughout the world. According to a
religious and racial superiority of their survey conducted by UN department of
respective tenets, a young Indian monk economic and social affairs (DESA)
Swami Vivekananda lectured them on in 2015, Indias diaspora population
the significance of religious tolerance is the largest in the world. though,
way back in 1893 at the world religious global prescence of Indian dispora has
parliament held at Chicago. Mahatma a specific geographical orientation, it
Gandhi, then a young barrister travelled has recognizable presence even in some
...over the decades, Indian to South Africa and for the first time of the smallest and the newest countries
expatriate communities experimented with his ideas of truth of the world like South Sudan, where
and non-violence which later became the population counts less than 100.
glorified the wisdom, an invincible tool of peace and harmony The United States of America alone
culture and values of in the world. He is believed to be the has approximately 3.2 million Indians
first Pravasi Bhartiya of India who holding various kinds of visas and
Indian land and civilization endowed the world with something citizenships. Other than the United
across the globe. ...They that could be cherished throughout States, Gulf countries are the next
the human civilization. The tradition most favored destination of Indian
helped build an alternative of spreading Indian ideas and values emigrants and together they receive
across the globe dates back to 2 nd around 7 million Indian expatriates.
and strong image of India century CE when the young son Present expanse of Indian diaspora
different from the earlier and daughter of Mauryan emperor across the world has an inherent
Ashoka went to Sri lanka (Ceylon) and colonial legacy, so, a brief review of
image of being the land established Buddhism in South Asia. the factors shaping todays diasporic
of snake charmers. Thus, The legacies of such spirited youths are diversity seems imminent. since Indias
still being carried ahead by millions of relations with the outside world in the
India benefitted both young talented Indians who have today, colonial era were largely shaped by the
made their presence felt in almost each British interests, Indian diaspora has a
culturally and economically and every corner of the globe. substantial presence in such countries
from its expatriate of the world which were colonized
Indian Diaspora: a Youth Brigade by the Imperial British government.
community
The United Nations international Thus, sizeable presence of Indian
migration report 2015 observes that the diaspora in Australia, New Zealand,
median age of all international migrants Fiji, West Indies and East African
Sheetal Sharma is assistant professor at the Centre For European Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.
Bhaskar Jyoti is Doctoral Research fellow at the Centre for European Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi.
34 YOJANA June 2017

countries is not surprising. Young either unskilled workers or low skilled of America, which is the largest
energetic students and revolutionaries uneducated farmers. However, positive global hub of software technologies
like Savarkar, Madam Bhikaji Kama, changes in the US immigration act and startups has over the years
Madanlal Dhingra are some of the 1990, induced large influx of highly acquired an Indian face. Some of the
prominent names associated with India skilled, young and educated Indians giant software companies located in
house in London. London became into the USA. From 1980-2013, the Silicon Valley like Google, Microsoft,
one of the nerve centers of Indian population of skilled Indians increased AMD, Adobe etc have Indian CEOs.
youth. Madam Kama later settled from 206,000 to 2.04 million, roughly Other big companies and startup firms
in Paris where she broadened the doubling every decade. Today, Indian like Facebook, Motorolla, Reckitt
ambit of Indian presence. Similarly, citizens are the top recipients of Benckiser, Master card etc have
a bunch of young revolutionaries temporary high-skilled worker H-1B Indian managers handling key global
founded Ghadr movement in the visas, accounting for 70 percent of business affairs. Unparalleled talent
United States of America and Canada, the 316,000 H-1B petitions approved and fortitude of Indian engineers
thus developing these countries also by US citizenship and Immigration have won them accolades all over
as prominent centers of contact and Services in fiscal year 2014. Close to the US.
regular exchange. 103,000 Indian-born students were
enrolled in US educational institutions Ox-Bridge and London: Evergreen
However, the most remarkable in the 2013-14 school year. According Indian fantasies
phase of Indian emigration started after to the annual report of US census
the era of decolonization. Opening of Indian ties with the United Kingdom
bureau, the median age of Indian have always been unprecedented. The
quality institutes of higher education expatriates in the US was 39 years
like IITs in India gave an impetus to UK has around 2 million British-Indian
and 83 per cent of all the Indians citizens who immigrated and settled in
the young talented technical graduates present in US were engaged with one
to grab opportunities in developed Britain in different phases. Majority of
or the other kind of knowledge based this population is young and dynamic
countries of west Europe and North industries. Only 11 per cent of the total
America. Some of them permanently and third generation immigrants.
immigrants were ages 65 and over. who are entrepreneurs, businessmen,
settled in countries like the United
Kingdom and the United States of Indian immigrants had the highest technocrats, managers and doctors
America. level of education even surpassing of the highest repute. young Indians
the educational standards of native have so well assimilated with the
Globalization: The pull factor Americans. In 2015, 82 per cent of British politico-social culture that
behind high immigration Indian immigrants (ages 25 and over) they contest elections and participate
had a bachelors degree or higher, actively in the entire political process
The later phase of liberalization in of the country. A record number of
India saw the generation of huge off compared to 30 per cent of native-born
adults. 10 Indian origin candidates won
shore opportunity for young talented parliamentary elections in the UK
Indians. Rising production and labour Silicon Valley in the United States in 2015, most of them young. Priti
cost in developed countries persuaded
them to search for cheap alternatives
and both Indian land and labour came in
handy for their needs. Giant American
technical companies hired cheap but
equally talented Indian technocrats at
half the price of American technocrats.
It benefitted the American companies
by reducing their costs and increasing
the profit. On the other hand , it provided
respectful employment to the jobless
young Indian technical graduates. it
was thus a win-win situation for both
the countries.
Silicon Valley: A Tale of Successful

Indian Entrepreneurs
In 1960, there were only 12000
Indian immigrants in the United
States of America, most of them Source:- Report US Census Bureau 2013.
YOJANA June 2017 35

Patel, (45 years) of conservative party
became the first British-Indian woman
to be made minister in the Cameroon
government.
Gulf Countries and Malaysia

Contemporary diasporic flows
from India are mainly of two kinds
The first type consists of highly skilled
professionals, workers and students
engaged in white collar jobs, who
usually emigrate to countries like
the USA, UK, Canada, Australia and
New Zealand. however, the other
major class of emigrants is that of
semi-skilled and unskilled workers
who have shown massive emigrating
tendencies to the Gulf Countries $70 billion as remittances from already so high. Expatriation rate
and Malaysia. The median age of its expatriate community living in of Indian doctors is around 10 per
these emigrants is even lesser than various parts of the world. This is cent while the same rate in China
the median age of those migrating the highest amount received by any is just 1 per cent. Ninety percent of
to Europe or North America. Mass country. the magnanimity of its the professionals trained in genetic
emigration to these countries started value could be understood from the engineering and biotechnology migrate
after the oil boom in West Asian fact that, the remittances received by to the USA after the completion of their
Countries. The population of Indian Kerala alone from its Gulf immigrants studies leaving Indian laboratories
Diaspora in gulf countries is almost is 36.3 per cent of Net State Domestic and R & D centers devoid of quality
6 million. More than 90 per cent of Product (NSDP) of Kerala. However, researchers.
this expatriate class consists of Non over the decades, Indian expatriate
Resident Indians (NRIs). Unlike the communities glorified the wisdom, Demographic dividend to Diasporic
USA, UK or Canada, Gulf Countries culture and values of Indian land Dividend
rarely provide permanent work visas and civilization across the globe. While most of the Asian, European
to Indian emigrants. Since, the work They not only won accolades for and North-American countries are
mainly consists of construction or themselves by being the sharpest aging fast, India is set to become the
manual works from blue collar areas, brains of their fields but also raised youngest country of the world by 2025
the effective working capacity reduces the popular perception about young
with the median age of its population
after a certain age, and hence, ageing Indian talents. They helped build an
being 26 years. Twenty percent of the
population is least desired in such alternative and strong image of India
entire working population of the world
countries. Though some real estate different from the earlier image of
would rest in India by 2020. India
entrepreneurs from India have made being the land of snake charmers.
already has the largest population of
their fortunes in countries like Saudi Thus, India benefitted both culturally
diaspora in the world. Thus, India will
Arabia, UAE and Qatar but largely and economically from its expatriate
have the onus to reap twin benefits from
Indian entrepreneurs dont have rosy community.
its demographic dividend domestically
opportunities in these countries. and diasporic dividend internationally.
However, the departure abroad
Kerala has the highest number of Young Indian Diaspora spread across
of a large number of well-trained
residents serving in gulf countries. all the major countries of world is
Indians naturally has led to concerns
Young Kerala girls have successfully the biggest tool of Indian soft power.
about Brain Drain in India. In 2010,
taken up the jobs of nurses and India not only benefits from the high
India ranked first in sending around
midwives in super speciality hospitals remittances sent by them but also from
60,000 young trained doctors to other
in gulf countries. The large Indian the research and development work
countries. India supplies most trained
expatriate class in these countries undertaken by the Indian diaspora
foreign doctors to English speaking
has popularized Indian culture and abroad. However, the present situation
Organisation for Economic Co-
bollywood films in Gulf countries. demands dedicated efforts by the
operation and Development (OECD)
Brain Drain or Cultural countries. Such massive emigration of Indian government to channelize
Ambassadors? health professionals has had a negative escalated research and development
impact on India, especially in rural initiatives taken by Indian diaspora
India receives approximately areas where the dearth of doctors is back home. China once had the
36 YOJANA June 2017

over 150 countries can work spaces from outsiders. In other
now visit and stay at countries like Yemen, Sudan, Kenya or
a new home in New Iraq, Indians very often get stranded in
Delhi known as Pravasi war like situations. Though the Indian
Bhartiya Kendra. They government has shown exceptional
can here search their professionalism and ability in
roots, obtain investment evacuating its stranded citizens still it
advice, book domestic needs to frame a dedicated evacuation
travel, attend events in policy to protect its young working
a huge auditorium and population from any extremities.
hold business meetings. Complex GAAR procedures prevent
many willing expatriate Indian investors
5) Va j r a - V i s i t i n g to invest in Indian startups, so, these
Adjunct Joint research rules need to be properly codified and
faculty simplified. Young population is an asset
largest diaspora across the globe but
This scheme is envisioned to domestically as well as internationally,
successful Chinese entrepreneurs later
contribute to the nations growth in so, to train them according to the
returned back and provided necessary
science and technology. specific needs of the countries more
impetus to the indigenous startups and
dedicated schemes like Pravasi Kaushal
R & D ventures. however, this trend 6) Know India Programme (KIP) Vikas Yojana needs to be floated.
has largely been absent with Indian
diaspora. Some of the programmes The objective of this program is References:-
dedicated for Brain Gain are:- to help familiarize Indian Diaspora 1) Annual Ministry of External Affairs
youth, in the age group of 18-26 years report on emigration 2014-15.
1) Pravasi Bhartiya Divas with Indian land and their ancestors
2) C A R I M I n d i a - D e v e l o p i n g A
An annual meeting held every year and share their views, expectations and
knowledge base for policy making on
to celebrate the achievements of Indian experiences and to bond closely with
India-EU migration paper by Natalia
diaspora and felicitate them for their contemporary India.
Buga, Jean Baptiste Meyer.
efforts for establishing links between The call for Brain Gain and 3) World Migration in Figures- UNDESA
India and their countries of residence. Make in India has found considerable report 2013
Of late, Pravasi Bhartiya Divas has resonance with the young Indian
been used as a podium to showcase 4) Indian Immigrants in the United
diasporic community settled across
the growth and development stories of states, migration policy report, MPI
the world. they are planning to return
India to boost the confidence of Indian back and invest in India their mental,
2015
expatriates to invest in India. physical and economic expertise. There 5) USA census bureau report 2015
was near 100 per cent international 6) United Nation International Migration
2) Merger of PIO and OCI cards
placement offers for young graduates Report 2015
The merger of both these cards of IIT Mumbai and Delhi in 2000. the 7) How India Can go from brain
has been done with the intention to offers are significant even today but the drain to brain gain by Bhagwan
facilitate hassle free entry of persons of emigration of students from premier Chowdhry, San Francisco chronicle,
Indian origin into India and ensure their colleges has come down heavily. 23 September 2015.
long-term residency without having the
Conclusion 8) Growing Up together: The next
necessity to visit police station every
evolution for the India-Silicon
now and then. Young Indian diaspora is of Valley Relationship by Mathew
3) Youth Pravasi Bhartiya Divas immense significance to India. Of late, Howard Promod Haque, Recode, 5
conservative governments in countries Jan 2016.
Recognizing the importance of like the USA, UK and Australia have 9) T h e m o s t p o w e r f u l I n d i a n
young Indian diaspora and the need announced to curtail the work visas technologists in Silicon Valley by
to connect them to the growth story of to highly skilled Indians. As Indians Samuel Gibbs, The Guardian, 11
India, the government inaugurated this were the biggest beneficiaries of such April 2014.
scheme to connect with the youth, the visas in all these countries, any such
new generation of pravasis growing up move would not only impact their 10) Indian Diaspora is worlds largest
all over the world. career opportunities but also the stay at 16 m: UN Times of India, 14 Jan
and residence of Indian expatriates. 2016. q
4) Pravasi Bhartiya Kendra
Saudi Arabia also introduced Nitaqat (E-mail:[email protected],
The Indian Diaspora living in scheme which protects its domestic [email protected])
YOJANA June 2017 37

YE-652/2017
YE-652/2017
38
YOJANA June 2017 YOJANA June 2017
37
3rd international day of yoga
focus
bringing harmony between body and mind
Ishwara N Acharya
Rajiv Rastogi
oga is popular worldwide restraint and fulfilment; harmony
Y now. It has crossed the

boundaries of region,
religion, caste, creed and
nationality. It is well known
worldwide because of its unique
between man and nature; a holistic
approach to health and well being.
Yoga is not about exercise but to
discover the sense of oneness with
ourselves, the world and nature. By
and specific role in promotion of changing our lifestyle and creating
health, prevention of illness and its consciousness, it can help us deal with
therapeutic role in the management climate change. Let us work towards
of various lifestyle related disorders adopting an International Yoga Day.
in an effective manner. Yoga is also
a spiritual discipline, which focuses The Prime Minister also stressed
on bringing perfect harmony between the need of popularising Yoga globally
body and mind. keeping in view of the fact that Yoga
is well accepted and the utility of Yoga
Yoga has been accepted The present era is known for can be used in a better way.
technological advancement which
now as non-invasive made our life comfortable. However, Later on, the UN declared June 21
incorrect lifestyle, environmental as the International Day of Yoga with
mode of treatment in the conditions, pollution, modern work the support of around 177 countries.
culture etc. have made the life difficult. Now, the whole world is celebrating
It has created problems on all the International Day of Yoga with
management of non- dimensions of life i.e. physical, mental, full enthusiasm and zeal. In India
intellectual, emotional, social and the Ministry of AYUSH has been
communicable diseases. spiritual. Yoga tries to provide a right entrusted the task of celebration of
direction in all walks of life. The the International Day of Yoga with the
These diseases can be uniqueness of Yoga is that it can get active support of other Ministries in
along with any other systems of health an appropriate manner. This year we
prevented by positive care. This facilitates the practitioners of are celebrating the 3rd International
other systems of medicine, including
lifestyle modifications in conventional medicine to prescribe
Day of Yoga.
Yogic therapies to the patients. What is Yoga?

daily life
During his speech at 69th United Yoga is a spiritual science originated
Nations General Assembly on in India by ancient Indian sages. Yoga
September 27, 2014 The Prime Minister is a system of holistic living with its
said, Yoga is an invaluable gift of our deep roots in the tradition and culture of
ancient tradition. It embodies unity of India. It has been developed thousands
mind and body; thought and action; of years back by the Rishis and Munis.
Ishwara N. Acharya is Director, Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy, New Delhi.
Rajiv Rastogi is Assistant Director (Naturopathy) in CCRYN.
YOJANA June 2017 39

Yogic literature has been found in
almost all the ancient scriptures. Rich
sources of Yoga have also been found in
Medieval, Modern and Contemporary
literature. Yogasutras of Patanjali (400
BC) is believed to be the first systematic
text which has been commented upon
by several commentators. Patanjali
gave the eight fold path of Yoga
popularly known as Ashtanga Yoga.
This ashtanga Yoga takes care of all
the aspects of a perosn.
Yoga is also a drugless system of
healing, health care and healthy living.
It has its own concepts and principles
regarding health and disease. Its main
emphasis is on holistic approach to
health which covers physical, mental,
moral, social, emotional and spiritual practices), relaxation techniques, of time comfortably is an essential
aspects of life. Various simple and easy Bandha & Mudra, Meditation etc. technique of yogic respiration. The
to follow healthy living practices are main purpose of this respiration is to
advised for good health as well as for Surya Namaskara: gain control over the autonomic nervous
prevention of disease which can also be system and through its influence, the
integrated in the daily routine as may Surya Namaskara (Salutation
to Sun) is a very useful and popular mental function is also controlled and
be required. Moreover, these can also
be practiced with other systems as add mode of yogic exercise. It consists of regulated. It is useful in higher yogic
a series of 12 body postures, which practices like meditation.
on therapy.
are performed early in the morning
Dhyana (Meditation):
Now yogic practices are widely used facing the rising sun. It energizes the
by the researchers and practitioners for entire neuro-glandular and neuro- Continuous and uninterrupted flow
meeting the changing health care needs muscular system of the body. Its regular of mind in the same direction wherever
of mankind. Yoga has attracted global practice ensures a balanced supply of the mind is fixed is meditation. The
attention now. The awareness about oxygenated blood and perfect harmony basic principle of meditation is to
yogic practices is increasing among to all the systems of the body, thus develop internal awareness. This
people from different walks of life, not invigorating the entire psychosomatic practice involves control of mental
only for preservation and promotion of system of the human constitution. functions which start from the initial
health, but also for the management withdrawal of the senses from external
of various diseases. Many yoga gurus Asanas (Body postures): objects to the complete oblivion of the
and medical professionals have been external environment. It is a process
promoting yogic lifestyle intervention These are special patterns of
postures that stabilize the mind and of absorption in which the individual
programmes for the prevention and
body through static stretching. The aim tries to turn attention to experience.
management of stress induced and
of asanas is to establish and improve By regular practice of meditation,
other psychosomatic disorders.
the general muscle tone. The basic one acquires the power to concentrate
Yogic practices lead to promotion of principle governing the performance of deeply resulting in manifold benefits
health, prevention of disease, effective body postures is psycho-neurophysical such as increased physical energy,
management of psychosomatic and not only physical. Asanas should be mental efficiency, creativity, calmness,
disorders as well as better understanding performed effortlessly and maintained memory, intellect, psychic power and
of higher level of consciousness. The for a period of time comfortably. intuitiveness.
system of yoga has holistic approach
and believes in treating the person as Pranayama: What is Health?
a whole. There are many definitions of
Pranayama practices bring control
The popular practices of yoga over the respiratory impulses, which health, but the most quoted modern
include Kriyas (purificatory procedures), form one of the channels of the flow definition of health was created during
Surya Namaskara, Asanas (physical of autonomic nerve impulses. Holding a preamble to the constitution of the
postures), Pranayama (breathing of the breath for a prolonged period World Health Organization (WHO)
40 YOJANA June 2017

as adopted by the International Health artery disease with high degree of
Conference, New York, which came compliance. It has favorable effects
into force on April 7, 1948. It says: on angina, body weight, lipid levels,
exercise stress testing with retardation
Health is a state of complete of progression of coronary obstruction
physical, mental, and social well-being in comparison to controls. Yoga lifestyle
and not merely the absence of disease appears to stabilize the atherosclerotic
or infirmity. plaque thus decreasing the need for
Yoga and the Youth: coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty
procedures. Hence, yoga lifestyle is a
Yoga is considered as a science feasible and cost effective intervention
of and art of healthy living. It is for in patients with advanced coronary
everyone who wants to be healthy regular practice brings positive changes artery disease.
and likes to stay away from illness. in the behavioural pattern and attitude
Actually, Yoga is a way of developing Hence, non-communicable
and helps in improving the interpersonal
inner skills and level of confidence diseases i.e. Coronary Artery Disease,
relationship of the practitioner at home
besides other benefits. It can be said as Hypertension and others can be very
and society. Therapeutic benefits of
a complete modification in lifestyle. well prevented and managed effectively
yoga have also been revealed by many
by incorporating the principles of Yoga
scientific researches carried out across
Yoga is a necessity for the youth as a lifestyle programme in daily life.
the globe. Today, yoga has become
population now. Youth are facing lot of
popular because of its strengths in Food has also an important role
challenges in their life whether related
prevention and management of many in the health of youth. Acharya and
to studies or related to employment.
lifestyle related disorders including Rastogi (2016) in the paper Yoga:
Yoga can, of course, transform them
physiological and psychosomatic Balancing Healthy & Stress Free Life
into a real Yogi dealing efficiently
disorders. emphasized that the dietary habits
with day to day challenges. Yoga
are not healthy. Preserved foods,
develops the personality in all its Yoga and Research: fast food, junk food, high calorie
aspects i.e. physical, mental, social,
Clinical studies have demonstrated diet as well as smoking, alcohol,
moral, emotional and spiritual at the
the therapeutic potentials of yoga in the drugs and lack of proper rest and
same time and ultimately converts a
management of various psychosomatic exercise have made us impatient
person into a different personality. It
and lifestyle related disorders in an resulting in the development of
affects the entire systems, improves
effective manner. Yoga has been various psychosomatic diseases such
concentration and patience, and makes
accepted now as non-invasive mode of as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis,
the practitioner calm and quiet which is
treatment in the management of non- back pain etc. The number of mental
most essential in day to day life.
communicable diseases. These diseases illnesses is increasing day by day due
India is a large country with more can be prevented by positive lifestyle to these reasons. It is found that a
than 125 crore population and the modifications in daily life. Yogic large number of people are suffering
development of the country mostly practices like Shatkarma, Asanas, Surya from depression, schizophrenia and
depends upon its health. If the health namaskara, Pranayama, Dhyana with disorders related to use of alcohol and
of the country is poor its progress may some Naturopathy practices like fasting drugs. Yoga as a non invasive mode
become slow because a lot of energy therapy, diet therapy, mud therapy, of treatment treats the body and mind
and resources are to be invested to hydrotherapy, massage therapy, air effectively with its different practices
manage the proper health. But if the therapy etc. ensure a disease free, like asanas, pranayama, shatkarmas,
health of the country i.e. youth is healthy and happy life. surya namaskara, and meditation.
good and robust, the country can run
High blood pressure, Heart It can be, therefore, concluded that
to a long distance without feeling of
problems, Diabetes, Stress, Anxiety, yoga is the right medium for youth to
tiredness. So the health of youth is of
Insomnia etc. are some of the common avoid their health problems and be a
utmost importance.
problems of youth population now part of the nations growth process.
Yoga is essentially a spiritual days. The studies in this regard have Yoga promotes positive health and
science, besides a science of healthy shown the beneficial effects of yoga develops positive attitude. The yogic
living. It has potential for both in reducing the coronary risk factors practices are the right way to make the
prevention of diseases and promotion in CAD. Manchanda et al, 2000 have body and mind perfectly healthy and
of health. The holistic approach of yoga shown that yoga lifestyle intervention harmonious. q
brings harmony in all walks of life and programme is possible to be carried (E-mail: [email protected]
also influences our daily living. Its out in patients with advanced coronary [email protected])
YOJANA June 2017 41

J&K window
quality Healthcare at
affordable cost
ne year and more than one lakh patients benefited from

O the treatment at the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana
Superspeciality Hospital located in Kakryal near Katra in Jammu
& Kashmir which was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. With
high quality of care and affordable cost, the hospital has touched
the lives of more than one lakh people of Jammu & Kashmir
apart from a large number of pilgrims who availed of healthcare
services during their Yatra to Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine.
The hospital has Centres of excellence in cancer and cardiac
care apart from other key specialities, which include liver and
gastroenterology, Nephrology-management of kidney disease,
urology, orthopaedics, paediatrics to name a few.
As part of its neighbourhood initiatives,the hospital conducted
many health screening camps in Jammu, Reasi, Sunderbani,
Doda, Poonch, Rajauri and Akhnoor with a primary mission
of providing exceptional acute and preventive medical care,
making a difference in the lives of people living in J&K region
and neighboring districts. It also offers free ambulance service,
mobile mammorgaphy screening and regular health awareness
programs.
Girls from Jammu & Kashmir visit Delhi

and Bengaluru as Part of Armys out
reach programme
A s part of the Indian Armys ongoing outreach programme

to foster the spirit of National Integration across the entire
swathe of the country, a tour of 16 Girls from the remote town of
Gingle, Uri Tehsil in Srinagar District of Jammu & Kashmir was
organised from 02 to 11 May 17. National Integration Tours are
educational and motivational tours for school children, youth and
local populace of J&K and North Eastern States, with an aim to
provide an insight into the rich heritage of the country, various
development and industry initiatives that are afoot exposing
them to varied career options while providing an opportunity
to interact with renowned personalities.
During the course of the tour, the children visited various cultural
and historical places in Bengaluru and Delhi.
YE-656/2017
Member's of National Integration Tour
42 YOJANA June 2017

3rd international day of yoga
Yogic Practices
Reconnecting with oneself
Ishwar V Basavaraddi
outh empowerment is a collaborate for the betterment of
Y process where children

and young people are
encouraged to take charge
of their lives. They do this
organizations and communities1.
2. Organizational Empowerment:
entities that provide, and benefit
from, the opportunity for youth or
by addressing their situation and then adults to acquire the skills needed
act to improve their access to resources to gain control over their lives,
and transform their consciousness provide alternatives to service
through their beliefs, values, and provision, as well as entities that
attitudes. Youth empowerment aims develop and influence policy
to improve quality of life through decisions2.
participation in youth empowerment
programs. 3. Community Empowerment:
Yoga helps one to efforts to improve the community,
reconnect with oneself. Yo u t h e m p o w e r m e n t i s respond to threats to quality of
different from youth development life, and provide for citizen
It can help to uncover because development is centred on participation at the local, state,
why and how ones illness developing individuals, whereas and national level3.
may have started, and Empowermentrefers to the measures
Common Health Issues affecting
which help to increase the degree of
can work with the body autonomy and self-determination in
Youth:
to start the recovery youth and in communities to enable Available evidence shows and
them to represent their interests in a indicates that young people are prone
period from the ground to a number of health impacting
responsible and self-determined way,
up. The Yogic practices acting on their own authority. conditions due to personal choices,
environmental influences and lifestyle
helps to see how they The theory of youth empowerment changes including both communicable
may be reacting to the can be broken down even further and non-communicable disorders
world around them, and into three components: individual and injuries. The problems faced
e m p o w e r m e n t , o rg a n i z a t i o n a l by youth are not only social and
may help them learn to empowerment, and community economical but also psychological.
respond in a different empowerment. Bound by relationships and painful
loneliness, they get tempted by drugs
perspective to life 1. I n d i v i d u a l E m p o w e r m e n t : and alcohol. The other major issues
challenges. youth or adults developing skills are- peer pressure, family liabilities,
to exert control and improve and workload. due to shortage/lack of
competence, as well as developing proper counselling/care the youngsters
critical awareness to effectively tend to end their life.
The author is Director, Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
YOJANA June 2017 43

It is also found that Yoga benefits
physical and mental health via down-
regulation of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and the
sympathetic nervous system. Deep
relaxation and calming down of the
mind through Yoga leads to effective
reduction in blood pressure, pulse
rate, and respiratory rate by decreasing
the level of cortisol and acetylcholine
which typically increases during the
bodys response to stress. As a result,
it reduces psychological conflicts,
suppressions, and hypersensitivities,
which are recognized as the triggering
The common problems faced by l Adrenal glands produce less factors for psychosomatic problems. It
youth are as follows: Cortisol. is also found that increased melatonin
l Overweight and Obesity l Improve Immune Function. level, psychological and cardio
l Stress respiratory profiles are improved due
Yoga for Stress: to Yoga practices.
l Anxiety & Depression
Stress induces imbalance of
l Interpersonal violence among Yoga for Addiction:
the autonomic nervous system
youth
with decreased activity of the Yoga is the imporant therapeutic
l Suicide tendencies parasympathetic and increased activity element in treating addiction to
l Tobacco use of the sympathetic nervous system. integrate the whole person (body mind
l Alcohol and Drug Addiction Stress is experienced when there is a and spirit), strengthen the physical
mismatch between a perceived demand body, relaxes the mind, increases
l Non-communicable diseases and ones ability to cope with that both body and spiritual awareness,
(NCDs) demand; it includes ones emotional release tension and promotes proper
Yoga for Youth Empowerment: and mental response to the outside breathing techniques, increases
situation. When one is continually posture awareness, improves coping
Asana and Pranayama especially stressed, whether that stress is real or skills, and encourages determination
acts on physical and mental health. perceived, his or her nervous system and concentration. The mindfulness
They improve body strength, eliminate can be shifted towards the state of practices, where the various physical
the toxins from body, relax body and sympathetic overdrive. At this point, work helps to bring the awareness
mind, reduce stress and establish the actual activity of the sympathetic of the youngsters into the present
balance between sympathetic and nervous system decreases with a moment, also help to encourage a
parasympathetic nervous system and decline in the release of epinephrine, greater awareness of feelings present
thus prevent different NCDs. Hence, but corticosteroid release continues to in the body-mind continuum. Certain
Asana & Pranayama help to, be activated at above-normal levels. postures such as back bends which
In such a case, the individual may no open up the front of the body can help
l Relieve Stress and Anxiety,
longer even recognize that they are in the person become aware of emotions
l Boost positive Energy and Mood a stressful state. which tend to be experienced in the
l Help normalize Blood Pressure solar plexus area4.
Yoga brings the autonomic
l Speed up a Sluggish Digestion by nervous system into healthy balance
massaging surrounding muscles Yoga for obesity:
by stimulating the parasympathetic
l Increase feelings of calm & nervous system. The sympathetic Yoga is based on balanced diet with
wellbeing. nervous system, or our emergency proper practice asans and breathing
l It can reverse the Stress Response, response system, is activated when techniques. Sometimes the obese people
thereby providing a shield against our body or mind feels threatened or have trouble with joint pain. Yoga can
the effects of Chronic Stress. perceives being stressed, whether that help by improving the body alignment
be a positive or a negative stress. to reduce strain, stress on joints by
l Slows down heart Rate and This flight or fight response results allowing the frame to bear more of the
breathing, normalizes blood in vasoconstriction, causing decreased body weight. It improves strength and
pressure. blood flow to the extremities and the flexibility. Yoga helps to feel better,
l Oxygen can be used more digestive system in order to prepare by improving both physical fitness
efficiently. one for survival. and elevating mood. Regular yogic
44 YOJANA June 2017

causative factor in NCDs, including
tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, lack Pneumococcal Conjugate
of regular exercise, unhealthy diets and Vaccine (PCV) under Universal
chronic psychosocial stress. Chronic Immunization Programme
inflammation and stress are the common (UIP) Introduced
factors in many of the NCDs, and an
area where yoga has been found to be The pneumococcal conjugate
extremely beneficial. Recent research vaccine (PCV) in the Universal
studies have shown that practicing Immunization Programme (UIP)
yogic and mindfulness-based practices of the country was introduced
can positively impact the body in many recently.
ways, including helping to regulate
PCV protects children against
blood glucose levels and keeping the
severe forms of pneumococcal
cardiovascular system healthy. Yoga
diseases, such as pneumonia and
also shows important psychological
meningitis. Currently, the vaccine
benefits, as the practice of yoga can is being rolled out to approximately
help to increase alertness. 21 lakh children in Himachal
Yoga helps one to reconnect with Pradesh and parts of Bihar and
practices has different effects on obese oneself. It can help to uncover why Uttar Pradesh in the first phase. This
person, which is permanent in nature and how ones illness may have started, will be followed by introduction in
when compares to other techniques for and can work with the body to start Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan next
weight reduction. Surya namaskara is the recovery period from the ground year, and eventually be expanded to
most important for the treatment of up. The Yogic practices helps to see others parts of country in a phased
obesity. Surya namaskara is a complete how they may be reacting to the world manner.
asan because this practice has a unique around them, and may help them learn Pneumonia kills more children
influence on the endocrine and nervous to respond in a different perspective under five years of age in India
system, helping to correct metabolic to life is challenges. Slowing down,
imbalances that causes the obesity. than any other infectious disease.
calming our minds and connecting The pentavalent vaccine which
The pranayama recommended for with our inner selves help to bring
obesity are Bhastrika, Kapalabhati and was scaled up in all states under
the person into the present moment. the UIP by 2015 protects against
Suryabhedana, which are performed This can ultimately help to relieve one
along with balancing practices which Haemophilus influenzae type
from the pressures and stressors of the b (Hib) pneumonia. Now, the
helps stimulate and maintaining the busy world and helps to preventing
balance in the metabolism. introduction of PCV in the UIP
the NCDs. will reduce child deaths from
Youth and NCDs: Endnotes pneumococcal pneumonia. It will
also reduce the number of children
Youth is the time of life when 1. Zimmerman, Marc A. and Julian being hospitalized for pneumonia,
one is young, but most importantly Rappaport. Citizen Participation, and therefore reduce the economic
it means the time between childhood Perceived Control, and Psychological burden on the families and the
and adulthood. It is also defined as Empowerment. American Journal of health cost burden on the country.
the appearance, freshness, vigor, Community Psychology. Vol 16, No.
spirit, etc., characteristic of one who 5, 1988. Pneumococcal disease is
is young. 2. Zimmerman, Handbook, 2000. the leading cause of vaccine-
3. Ibid., Meredith Minkler, Improving
preventable deaths in children
Non-Communicable Diseases under five years of age globally
(NCDs) includes several conditions Health through Community
Organization, Health Behavior and and in India. India accounts
that are linked with behaviour and for nearly 20 per cent of global
lifestyle related in nature. In India, Health Education: Theory, Research,
and Education. San Francisco, CA: pneumonia deaths in this age group.
particularly young people, are passing In 2010, pneumococcal pneumonia
through a nutritional changeover Jossey-Bass, 1990.
accounted for approximately 16 per
and are expected to witness higher 4. The solar plexus is located in the
cent of all severe pneumonia cases
prevalence of adult non-communicable stomach area. In Yoga physiology
and 30 per cent of pneumonia related
diseases such as hypertension, stress, there are seven chakras or energy
centers in the body. These are thought
deaths in children under- five years
diabetes and chronic lung diseases. of age in India. Introducing PCV,
to equate to levels of consciousness
Yoga for NCDs and our emotional capacities. q therefore, will substantially reduce
disease burden in the country.
Nowadays, lifestyle is the major (E-mail:[email protected])
YOJANA June 2017 45

virtual learning environments
alternative
Distance and Online Entrepreneurship

Education in India
Amit Kumar Dwivedi
ccording to All India Council viable alternative. Last six decades
A for Technical Education,

Distance Learning is a field
of education that focuses on
the pedagogy, technology
and instructional systems design that
of distance education experience and
development gives new hopes to face
the challenges of providing quality
education to the masses. Information
and Communication Technology
aims to deliver education to students has blurred classroom boundaries
who are not physically on site. Distance both spatially and temporally
Education is a process to create and (Kulandaisamy, 2011). The number
provide access to learning when the of ODL institutes who have leveraged
source of information and the learners the technology-enabled instructional
are separated by time and distance, or platforms is rising in the country.
In a fast paced corporate both. It defines this process as creating
environment, people in an educational experience of equal Growth of Distance and Online
qualitative value to the learners (All Education in India:
jobs are feeling a constant India Council for Technical Education,
need to upgrade their 2014). Though it is aspired to have an Open and Distance Learning as it
Open and Distance Learning system is addressed today aims to universalize
skills. Therefore, there is education by leveraging the potential
at par with the conventional ones, the
also a need to invest in reality is that it is always considered of available educational technology
entrepreneurship education second best. A blended approach with Information and Communication
in Distance Education came into Technology. Virtual and Online
and training using Open practice to bridge the gap between education refers to courses conducted
and Distance Learning this aspiration and the reality. In using internet platforms and tools.
platform. If India has to a blended approach, Information These virtual learning environments
and Communication tools and Open have the potential to reach the masses
capitalize on the prospective Educational Resources are best utilized and provide them with access to quality
dream of reaping the along with personal contact sessions contents, pedagogy and learning
and counseling to the learners. Such support to wider sections of the public
fruits of demographic a modus operandi enables learning and therefore considered a significant
dividend in the upcoming by oneself through self-instructional part of Open and Distance Learning.
decades, we ought to materials yet retaining the feature of
active faculty-student interaction for Entrepreneurship Education in
endow our efforts and guidance and motivation. India:
attention into leveraging the Serving diverse sections of the According to Adult Population
entrepreneurial energies population, most of whom do not Survey (APS), 58 per cent of Indian
of the youth have access to formal education, adults consider entrepreneurship as
the Open and Distance Learning a desirable career choice. Only 6.6
system (ODL, hereafter) in India has per cent are involved in some kind
emerged as a convenient, flexible and of entrepreneurial activities. A factor
The author is faculty at the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDI).
46 YOJANA June 2017

driven economy like India faces the
risk of discontinuance in business due
to reasons such as risk of failure, lack
of financial access etc (Shukla, Tanuka,
Bharti, & Dwivedi, 2016). Perceived
capabilities and opportunities are low
among the youth population especially
women (slightly more than 40 per cent).
National experts Survey lists lack of
entrepreneurial training and education
as one of the constraining factors for
limited entrepreneurial growth in the
country (Shukla, et al. 2016). These
studies emphasize the increasing need
for effective entrepreneurial education
is discouraging. Very few institutions distance learning entrepreneurship
that caters to the needs of the potential
have been found who are involved programmes need to build the rigor in
student entrepreneurs and equip them
in some kind of entrepreneurship terms of curriculum and structure to
with the necessary skills to emerge as
programmes through distance and deliver a result oriented programme.
business leaders.
online mode. one could only find the Though there is scope for improvement
When the proportion of working following mentioned 5 programmes. in delivery and design, here are some
people in the total population, namely prime issues that are to be analyzed and
the youth population of a country 1. E D I I ( E n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p addressed to strengthen the distance
is high, then a proper utilization Development Institute of mode of entrepreneurship education:
of the available human resources India, Ahmedabad): Open and
Distance Learning Programme in Commercialization vs Quality
leads to demographic dividend and
Entrepreneurship (OLPE) Education: It is observed that some
results in holistic development of
of the universities, both private and
the country. This requires expansion 2. S y m b i o s i s U n i v e r s i t y , public, have taken distance education
and development of entrepreneurship Pune: Certificate Program in as a means for earning money, which
education. Entrepreneurship Development is very unfortunate. We could see
Entrepreneurship education has (CPED) distance education courses being
received special attention from the 3. I G N O U : C e r t i f i c a t e i n started for commercial reasons without
central government and some of Entrepreneurship (CIE) caring for proper standards, both in
the reputed educational institutes as providing print material as well as
they have realized the role of young 4. Welingkar Institute, Mumbai: other facilities vis--vis TV, radio, et
entrepreneurs in a globalized economy Diploma in Entrepreneurship al. This creates a problem. Students
such as ours. Management (DEM) are deprived from availing standard
5. West Bengal National University education. Not all universities should
Distance and Online of Juridical Sciences (Kolkata): be allowed to conduct specialized
Entrepreneurship Courses: Diploma in Entrepreneurship courses such as entrepreneurship
Administration and Business without proper facilities and trained
Distance and online education has faculties who could manage them.
been growing with the help of public Laws
Also, there are universities that are
and private entities. An internet survey basically not meant for such type of
found that management courses are Situation in Vogue:
courses especially Entrepreneurship.
on the top in terms of enrollments in Seeing the scope of entrepreneurship These universities were set-up with
Distance and Online courses. Further, education in the country, the distance a certain purpose and target but they
if we search for distance and online learning mode of education is yet to began offering distance education
programmes on Entrepreneurship it achieve recognition. Institutions offering courses merely for making money.
Table 1: Enrollments in Distance/Open Learning Educational Programmes
State Year Total - Male Total - Female Total

All India 2012-2013 14178978 11582708 25761686
All India 2011-2012 12179248 9681868 21861116
Source: Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India (www.data.gov.in)
YOJANA June 2017 47

Some of these institutions do not have Teamwork 3) English proficiency upgrade their skills and adapt to
trained teachers/staff to look after the and writing skills 4) Administrative the changing contours of business
online programmes, their curriculum support services 5) Feedback skills 6) enterprises in the globalized
and the course material. Distance Basic knowledge and understanding world. (Ramaiah, 2001, p. 159)
and online programme centers are of distance education and technology
l Educating the youth: With 28 per
generally located in already established (Thach & Murphy, 1995).
cent of its population being young,
colleges. But the facilities of live
Entrepreneurship is a specialized India cannot afford to ignore its
teleconferencing / video conferencing/
course that aims to equip the students unemployment issues. Sanghi and
online chatting/ MODDLE based
with skills on optimum utilization Srija (February 2014) observe in
discussions are still absent.
of resources, finance and enterprise their article Youth unemployment
Distance Education: Scope The management, marketing, administration in India that, lack of decent
scope for distance education remains and management etc. There are employment opportunities forces
untapped. Given the apathy that challenges to teach the students these youth to take up self-employment
governments show towards higher skills through Open and Distance and low paid contractual jobs
education reforms in most under- Learning. It requires the acumen of a with deplorable conditions. There
developed countries, Human Resources distance education professional and is a wide felt need amongst the
Development remains a distant subject knowledge in entrepreneurship current generation of youngsters
dream. In India private institutions and management. especially women to educate
are collaborated with to provide free and train themselves for better
courses as well (eg. Swayam). With Needs & Opportunities: employment opportunities.
higher education in private hands, l R i s i n g n e e d f o r tr a i n e d
full time academic programmes are Distance Education in
entrepreneurship gets little response personnel:Indian industries suffer
getting costlier than ever before.
in India. The universities/ institutions from staffing issues. Unfortunately,
Therefore, compared to joining a a large portion of our graduates are
full time educational programme running distance education in
entrepreneurship need to ensure quality unemployable and lack basic skills.
students can join a distance and online Open and Distance Education in
programme in a university at a much in higher distance education. Following
Entrepreneurship could groom
cheaper rate. Thanks to technological are some of the needs and opportunities
these individuals into innovative
development, quality education is for quality distance entrepreneurship
and successful entrepreneurs.
now not only accessible for students education in India (National Institute
right at home but is welcomed with of Business Studies, 2014): l S p a t i a l a n d te m p o r a l
open hands. any successful distance limitations: Not every student
l Population: Formal educational
education programme depends on the can afford to enroll in a regular
models cannot stand up to the course from a formal university.
consistent and integrated efforts of expectations of the rising middle-
all the stakeholders such as students, This could be because one could
class aspirations. An innovative not bear the cost of the course;
faculties, facilitators, support staff and and wide-reaching educational
the institute (Madhukar, 2002). or one cannot afford the time
arena such as MOOCs is essential and leisure available to commit
Competencies required: to educate the population. to a conventional programme.
Transformation of unskilled Time and space availability
It requires a comprehensive range and semi-skilled labor to skilled between students and teachers
of skills including an understanding of labor; and shift from informal can be asynchronous. Open and
the learner, a deep understanding sector to organized sectors of Distance Learning Models in
of the software.., deeper knowledge dignified employment are possible entrepreneurship training can
about the contemporary instructional only through cost-effective break these barriers. Working
design principles, and aesthetic design entrepreneurship education. individuals can learn and finish
of the multimedia interface (Ramaiah, their course through ODL without
2001, p. 162). l Flexibility: Though governed
affecting their jobs as these courses
by its own norms, ODL are self-paced and provide enough
Thach and Murphy investigated accommodates the learners and freedom to cope with.
around 103 distance education provides them with flexibility
professionals from United States and to learn and grow amongst the l Improved Qualification and
Canada to identify the key skills and community of learners. To quote Scope for Promotion: Distance
competencies required to conduct Ramaiah, Mass education is made Education Platforms especially
ODL courses. The result showed possible through Information and for courses like Entrepreneurship
the following necessary skills: Communication Technology. and Management provides for
1)interpersonal communication Distance Learning via Internet additional skills and knowledge
2) Planning, Collaboration and allows people in business to to the existing working
48 YOJANA June 2017

population. This way, not only and train new entrepreneurs in self-employment/vocational
does it supplement their career large-scale primarily to address the education that ensures some degree
with additional qualifications unemployment issues in the country. of employment opportunities
but enhances their productivity In order to fulfill the learning needs of available by establishing a
and increases their chance for the individuals spread across different meaningful relationship between
promotion in their existing geographical regions, the programme education and employment.
occupation. took the ODL route. Through a blended
approach, the online programme b. Virtual vs Real: Striking a fine
l Education after retirement:An balance between impersonal
important highlight of is supplemented with two contact
virtual learning and personal
Distance education courses sessions for skill development and
contact is essential. A study
in Entrepreneurship is that it Knowledge building and counseling by
on online management studies
empowers the retiring population experts and EDII faculties. Web based
through distance mode revealed
to invest their savings or engage in software is set up for distribution of
that students preferred personal
entrepreneurial ventures thereby resources, assessments and progress
contact with the faculties for
help them secure their life after monitoring amongst students. The
subject matter queries alongside
retirement. course aims to aggregate the benefits
virtual classroom experience
of virtual open learning platforms with
l Micro-entrepreneurship: A study (Goyal, 2014).
tangible institution based resources and
conducted by Chandraiah of Dr facilities through a blended approach c. Credibility and Authenticity:
B R Ambedkar Open university (Entrepreneurship Development
found out that over 90 per cent Gaining credibility amongst
Institute of India, Ahmedabad, 2016). the potential employers and
of the Self Help Group (SHG)
For dual mode institutes like EDII, Edge authenticity among students
women involved in small
and Loegering points out that, Distance are necessary since Open and
enterprises dont find the support
services and training given by Education would lead to increased Distance Learning has inherent
The Society for Eliminating Rural clientele base, improved service for challenges to face. Since
Poverty (established by Govt. of students and more efficient use of entrepreneurship education
Andhra Pradesh) useful. Hence a existing facilities (Edge & Loegering, through ODL is considered only as
certificate programme in micro- 2000) and facilitate inter-collegiate a convenient substitute to regular
entrepreneurship was formulated resource pool and collaboration within entrepreneurship courses, the
to guide these small-scale literate a university. credibility of such training among
women entrepreneurs who utilize the potential employers takes a toll.
microfinance services offered by Road Ahead: Institutes offering entrepreneurial
banks to manage their business a. Employment-oriented: All human training through ODL must ensure
(Chandraiah, 2013). development reports have made quality on par with the conventional
it very clear that any type of courses through rich and reliable
l Formalization of the informal
education is an investment. course content, fair assessment,
sector: Srija and Shirke, who
This holds particularly true effective communication and
analyzed the informal labor market
for countries of South Asia, execution of course objectives and
in India recommend enabling an
including India, where enrollment strong student support services.
environment that would lead to
in higher education is still low Sustainability and quality in
formal culture in the informal
sectors of employment assisting and insignificant. Not even ten entrepreneurial training through
transformation gradually. A decent percent students from the age- distance learning mode could be
course in entrepreneurship for group that should be availing assured only through fostering
small scale traders would ensure higher education do that. Also constant reflection and feedback
both the budding entrepreneurs through observation we could amongst all the stakeholders viz.,
and the existing ones to work and say that most students who come students, faculties and academic
grow in the healthier business out of these institutes end up support staff involved in the
environments as compared to being unemployed. So, there is course.
deplorable conditions. a problem in the way education Conclusion:
is being imparted and the uneven
Blended approach - Online Learning
relationship between ones In a fast paced corporate
Programme in Entrepreneurship:
professional/ career aspirations environment, people in jobs are feeling
Entrepreneurship Development (Job, Entrepreneurship, Self a constant need to upgrade their skills.
Institute of India, Ahmedabad in -employment) and his or her Therefore, there is also a need to
collaboration with Friedrich Naumann education. Hence, the need is felt invest in entrepreneurship education
Foundation, Germany aims to create seriously for entrepreneurship/ and training using Open and Distance
YOJANA June 2017 49

Learning platform. If India has to capitalize on the
&'
&
prospective dream of reaping the fruits of demographic
dividend in the upcoming decades, we ought to endow our
efforts and attention into leveraging the entrepreneurial
energies of the youth. The potential of distance education
programmes in entrepreneurship for providing educational
and employment opportunities is enormous and can only
prove to be successful if institutions offering these courses

maintain and ensure quality of the highest order at every
aspect and component of the course such as curriculum
design, pedagogy, learning materials and other support !
services. "

References:
All India Council for Technical Education. (2014). Distance

Education. Retrieved from All India Council for Technical
Education: http://www.aicte-india.org/edistanceedu.php

Chandraiah, E. (2013). Exploring pedagogical innovations for

micro/small entrepreneurship training to SHG members through
Open Distance Learning. Indian Journal of Open Learning.

Distance Education Bureau. (2013). About Distance
Education. Retrieved from Distance Education bureau: http://
www.ugc.ac.in/deb/aboutDEB.html

!
Distance Education Bureau. (2013). Growth of ODL System
in Higher Education. Retrieved from Distance Education Bureau:
http://www.ugc.ac.in/deb/pdf/growthDEB.pdf !

Edge, D. W., & Loegering, J. P. (2000). Distance Education:
Expanding Learning Opportunities. Wildlife Society Bulletin, "#$%
524.
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad.

(2016). Open Learning Programme in Entrepreneurship.
Retrieved from Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India:

http://ediindia.org/Diploma-in-E&BM.html
Goyal, E. (2014). ICT Usage in Distance Education: A

Comparative study of Management Studies in India. Indian
Journal of Open Learning, 23, 35-49.
Madhukar, I. (2002). Internet Based Distance Learning.

Authors Press.

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship,
Government of India. (n.d.). Background. Retrieved from

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: http://
www.msde.gov.in/background.html
National Institute of Business Studies. (2014, May 23).
Distance Education in India: Its Need & Importance. Retrieved
from National Institute of Business Studies: http://www.nibs.in/

blog/distance-education-in-india-its-need-importance/
Ramaiah, Y. R. (2001). Distance Education and Open
learning. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
Shukla, S., Tanuka, K., Bharti, P., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2016).

YE-654/2017
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2014 India Report. New Delhi:

Emerald Group (India) Publishing Private Limited. q

(E-mail: [email protected])
50 YOJANA June 2017

YE-642/2017
YOJANA June 2017 51

NORTH EAST DIARY
Krishi Karman Award
T he Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare has selected Tripura for the Krishi Karman Awrd 2015-
16 for commendable increase in food grain production in small category states. Tripura gets this national award
for the second time. The north-eastern state first received the award in 2009-10 fiscal.
NIELIT Centre
he fifth northeast centre of the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) at Radha
T Kishore Nagar near Agartala, the state capital of Tripura was opened recently. This was the 37th NIELIT
centre in the country. On this occasion, Union Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology said
that the government has taken firm steps to raise the rate of digital literacy to a large extent and to stop import of
electronics and IT-related kits and devices by 2019. the government is also considering setting up one NIELIT
centre in each district of the country to educate and train youth in electronics, IT services and related jobs. Each
NIELIT centre comprises several training labs, including for medical electronics repair, mobile and telephone
repair, software development, for hardware repair and maintenance, and classrooms and residential complexes.
The government has also taken steps and plans to connect all gram panchayats in the country through high-speed
internet.
Recent Initiatives in the North-East
l Naga Peace Accord Meghalaya to Dudhnoi in Assam on 30th Nov.

l Promotion of Organic Agriculture 2014
l Developing North Eastern States as Organic l IshanUdaya special scholarship for NE Students
Capitals for general and professional degree courses,
l Sikkim becomes the First fully organic state in including medical and paramedical courses- from
the country. Conversion of 75,000 hectares of Academic Session 2014-15
agricultural land into sustainable cultivation. l IshanVikas to provide exposure visits for talented
l Mizoram on Indias railway map, first broad gauge students from the NE region for internship in IITs,
freight train enters state on March 21st 2016. NITs, NIFTs
l Tripura on Indias broad gauge railway map, Tripura l Six new Agriculture Colleges to be set up in North
Sundari Express flagged on 31st July 2016. East to make it the Organic Capital of India
l Meghalaya on the Indian Railways map. PM flags l Setting up of 1st National Sports University in
off the first passenger train from Mendipathar in Manipur
Airports Authority of India Flags off Ambulance service in Arunachal Pradesh
T he Airports Authority of India has provided an ambulance service

with Advanced Life Support Systems (ALS) for Longding
District of Arunachal Pradesh under its CSR Initiatives. The ALS
ambulance is expecteed to bring a big relief to patients in remote
areas and will be a great support to the Primary Health Centre facility
in the Longding District of Arunachal Pradesh.
AAI had, in the past, provided similar ambulance facilities to the
Primary Health Centre at Pakyong, Sikkim, and also to Dr. Shakuntala
Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow and Primary
Health Centre at Udaipur, Rajasthan.
52 YOJANA June 2017

IAS
Specials
India's Most
Comprehensive
And
Latest Books
on
General Studies
& CSAT
Indispensable
For
All Competitive
Exams
CSR JUST GOT Now FREE Uniball / Classmate Pens Worth Rs. 600
with the addition of 2 years (24 issues)

CSRs SPECIAL IAS SUPPLEMENT Pay Rs. 990 and get Competition Success
FOR SURE SUCCESS, READ EVERY MONTH Review (English) for 2 years (24 issues)
worth Rs. 1800 and 10 Uniball Pens &
30 Classmate Pens worth Rs. 600 FREE
1 year (12 issues)
Pay Rs. 585 and get Competition Success
Review (English) for 1 year (12 issues)
worth Rs. 900 and 5 Uniball Pens &
15 Classmate Pens worth Rs. 300 FREE
Please write your Name, Age, Qualification, Address,
Mobile No. and send Rs. 990 or Rs. 585 by
Bank Draft (Payable at New Delhi)/Money Order/Cash to
COMPETITION REVIEW PVT. LTD.
604 Y1, Prabhat Kiran, Rajendra Place, New Delhi-110 008
Customer Care Nos. : 9717757081, 011-45113300, 45113305
Hurry! Offer valid until June 20, 2017
Ordinary post : No extra charges
YE-659/2017
Courier / Registered post : Rs. 400 (2 Years) / Rs. 200 (1 Year) extra
YOJANA June 2017 53

need for calculative reforms
approach
Quality Education for Empowering Indian Youth
Rakesh K Wats
Meenu Wats
he second largest populous for national but also for personal
T nation of world, India, had

a staggering 600 million
people i.e., more than 50
per cent of its population
below the age of 25, till the latest count,
development which can be pursued
by promoting youth rights, youth
activism and their active role in making
community decision.
and it is a matter of another couple of The key to youth empowerment

years that the nation will become the is to educated them and make them
youngest in the world having more than employable. We cannot talk about
three forth of its population under 25 sustainable development, for any
The government is years of age. This goldmine fraction of nation, without the active role of its
our population, responsible for 34 per youth-persons with active hands and
playing an active role in cent of Indias Gross National Income, heads. Lack of opportunities is just
reframing the ossified will definitely be going to demand for like making them to sit on the margin
system to empower the the right educational infrastructure, of society, waiting on the train track for
development of appropriate skills a train that may never come.
youth with best possible and adequate opportunities to get
policies, reforms, initiatives, jobs or become entrepreneurs for Pillars of Youths Empowerment:
schemes, missions to their personal, societal and countrys The sustainable empowerment of
growth. the youngsters of India can primarily be
provide in-house and out- stabilized on following four pillars:
The demographic dividend is never
door quality education to a burden on any nation but a window l Education
fortify the youth sitting of opportunity. Such differential
l Skills and employment
at each and every corner population spurts, called demographic
dividends, have boosted the economic l Radical temperamental change
of the diverse nation. growth in many East Asian countries, l Governments policies and
...The majority of these like Republic of Korea, in the recent initiatives
are equally benefitting the past and will prove the same for ours
too, only if these are strengthened The vision of Transforming
students of basic sciences and empowered. Empowerment is India can only be fulfilled by the motto
and humanities- a major necessarily a process of inculcating of Ministry of Human Resource and
values to equip the learner lead a life Development (MHRD) - Education
component of Higher that is satisfying to the individual while for All, Quality Education and that
Education ecosystem being in accordance with the cherished can really reshape our developing
in the country values and ideals of the society. Youth nation only if our education system
empowerment, especially in Indian has appropriate flavour of the basic
scenario, is imperative not only attributes of any education system, i.e.
Rakesh K Wats is Professor & Head, Media Centre and Continuing Education Centre, National Institute of Technical Teachers
Training and Research, Chandigarh.
MeenuWats is Assistant Processor, DAV College, Punjab University, Chandigarh.
54 YOJANA June 2017

Access, Equity and quality followed by The nations economic growth, l Faculty crunch or adhocism- most
talent and skill promotion. today, is primarily based on its service of the even top institutions of
sector (66.1 per cent) which demands the nation have empty chairs of
In the current scenario the enrolment regular heads, seasoned faculty
soft skills of the highest order and the
rate (GER) in higher education (HE) and experienced researchers
upcoming contribution of technology
in India is much lower (22 per cent) with 1/3rd faculty positions being
sector (9.2 per cent) demanding both
than worlds average (28 per cent) and unfilled.
soft & hard skills where the youth
also in comparison to other developed
of the day are not fully equipped to l Paucity of funds especially in state
nations like China (28 per cent), Brazil
satisfy their employers. It is hard to institutions- the biggest lacuna,
(36 per cent), UK (59 per cent), and in
digest that only less than one third as more number of students are
another couple of years (2020), when
of Indian engineering graduates and being enrolled in state institutions
the countrys youth population with less
about 5 per cent of students from having higher number of seats than
than 25 years of age will be the highest
basic sciences and other streams are federal institutions in toto.
in world, we aim to enhance our GER
found employable. This makes the two
to only 30 per cent which is possible l Least prioritised budgeting from
only by at least doubling the number of esteemed streams of our education, nations GDP (3.3 per cent) make
existing institutions providing tertiary losing their sheen. the biggest education system of
education to make HE accessible. The After the two major quantitative the world, hollow vessels sound
gap is really haunting to make dream issues of access and equity, third is more.
come true.So much so, despite of the of qualitative aspect of education. To l Interfering and overpowering
mushrooming of private engineering en-cash the situation of prevalence of political and bureaucratic setup.
institutions and universities, the density low quality education standards of our
of the scientists and engineers in India l Inability of senior academicians
country, the developed countries have
is one of the lowest in the world. The and researchers to implement their
been proved to be opportunistic by visions of ages.
goal of Quality Education can only not only draining Indian economy but
be achieved by run-way of Education brains too. Year by year, number of Obsolescence
for All. Indian students going abroad in search
of quality education is increasing. l Out dated and rigid curriculum,
India being secular and democratic non-uniformity in curricula,
gets fragmented on various issues of This can easily be redone by certain
amendments in the existing system of inability of conventional teaching
caste, gender, topography, age etc. pedagogyto hold back tech-savvy
which hinders the equal access of education. Little more innovation and
creativity is needed to restructure the youth of todays, minimization
available education resources to the of laboratory based education
citizens and does not let the system oldest and biggest education system as
per the state-of-the-art. especially in basic sciences make
bear its desired fruits. These pot holes education totally black and white
need to be patched up before we talk of
The existing education system of and the youth lose their inherent
quality education. The inequity is also interest in perusing such system
India runs a hurdle race with number-
from the other side, when the subject ahead. This is one of the main
less barriers like:
choices are made by the students in HE. reasons of rapid decline in the
The most sort after subjects remain - Crunches GER in HE in basic sciences.
arts and humanities (approximately
35-40 per cent) followed by commerce l Lack of quality and motivated l Shelled approach- designed
and management (approximately teachers and mentors- being non curricula make youth of today
20-25 per cent) and last priority is promising, less paid and least literate but not educated with
The
given to basic and applied sciencesexisting education system
recognised of India
professionruns a
in hurdle
the race with number-less
holistic barriers like:
development. Lack
(approximately 19-21 per cent & 15-16 country. of interdisciplinary approach
per cent respectively). Probed reasons
for the inequity in student preferences
Non-involement
are quite surprising and definitely Stake-holders
eye opener for the government and Industry & employer
all policy makers at the helm of the
affairs. The prioritization of subjects Obsolete
is based on the curricula flexibility, Curricula
scope of skill enhancement- be it soft Laboroties & equipment
or hard, intra and inter-campus easy Technology &teaching pedagogy
Crunches
movement of students, applicability in Faculty
the world of work and over and above Fund
employability. Autonomy
YOJANA June 2017 Crunches- 55
x Lack of quality and motivated teachers and mentors- being non promising, less paid and least r
profession in the country
x Faculty crunch or adhocism- most of the even top institutions of the nation have empty chairs
of imparting education makes humanities- a major component of Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
them unable to implement their Higher Education ecosystem in the for providing best quality education
knowledge in practical field. country. covering all subjects and courses to the
students even in the remotest corner of
l Ill-equipped institutions Expansion of education for youth
the country.
of HE except federal funded is being undertaken by the government
institutions. at every level by establishing new National Digital Library for
institutions like IITs, IIMs, IIITs, building a National asset for providing
Non-involvement IISERs, AIIMS, Central Universities, access to the knowledge repository in
l Lack of participation of employ & colleges etc. along with Institutional terms of books, e-learning material,
employer- designing curriculum capacity building initiatives. encyclopaedia, journals, monographs,
has been centuries old practice reviews, research work, articles etc. for
Global Initiative of Academic
done by either senior academicians the benefit of learners/professionals/
Networks(GIAN) aimed at tapping
or some time bureaucrats who are scholars and other interested people.
the pool of scientists and entrepreneurs,
not the takers of the products of internationally to encourage their Campus Connect- Wi-Fi enabled
education system. Neither the engagement with the institutes of Higher campus by providing 1- GBPS
industry nor laboratories nor Education to augment the countrys Connectivity to universities and 10-
commerce and business and existing academic resources to elevate MBPS connectivity to colleges.
nor even the stakeholders are Indias scientific and technological
consulted in its design. That capacity to global excellence. All India Survey on Higher
leads to more unemployable Education (AISHE)- covering all
educated youth which might Impacting Research Innovation HE institutions in the country for
become burden than asset to the and Technology (IMPRINT) India making informed policy decisions and
nation. with an aim to direct research in the research.
premier institutions into areas of social
l Despite of all the upheavals, relevance. National Initiative for Design
our youth from Science and Innovation to ensure maximum
Technology, Arts and Humanities U c h c h t a r A a v i s h k a r Yo j a n a reach of design education and practices
are progressing. The top institutions (UAY)-launched to promote industry by free sharing of courseware through
like IITs, AIIMS, IISER, IMTECH, specific need based research so as to internet
IISc, IIMs etc. are not holding rank keep up the competitiveness of Indian
in worlds top institutions list industry in the global market. Post-Doctoral Fellowships - in
because of their faculties but of Sciences and Humanities for grooming
National Institutional Ranking young researchers for launching an
their students. Since 2002-2016
Framework (NIRF) - for ranking the
the nations out-put of scientific academic/research career to acquire
higher education institutions annually new skills, broaden horizon and
publications have almost increased
based on an objective and verifiable transiting in cross disciplinary areas.
five times. We are establishing
indigenous technologies with criteria for promoting quality.
strong foothold in many fields UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship
Establishment of Higher
like space communication, IT programme - for strengthening Basic
Education Financing Agency (HEFA)
sector, Research and Innovation, Science Research in Universities to
-for creating capital assets in order to
pharmaceuticals and diagnostics provide opportunity for continuance
give a big push for building up robust
etc. where basic sciences of research contributions by talented
higher education institutions
fundamentals are playing a pivotal science and technology teachers who
role. The government is playing National Academic Depository are nearing superannuation.
an active role in reframing the (NAD) - for maintaining academic
Scheme for Strengthening
ossified system to empower the awards in a digital depository enabling
Science Based Higher Education and
youth with best possible policies, online access and retrieval, eliminate
research in Universities and colleges-
reforms, initiatives, schemes, fraudulent practices such as forging
with an objective to promote excellence
missions to provide in-house and of certificates and mark-sheets and
in research in higher education by
out-door quality education to facilitate validation.
supporting research programmes
fortify the youth sitting at each and SWAYAM PRABHA a project
every corner of the diverse nation. for telecasting high quality educational The Skill India- an excellent
The various initiatives are based programmes through 32 DTH channels initiative of the Prime Minister to
on three prime factors of access, on 24x7 basis. provide appropriate skills primarily
equity and quality. The majority to unemployed youth, marginalised
of these are equally benefitting SWAYAM- an indigenous IT women and rural communities to
the students of basic sciences and platform for hosting the Massive explore employment opportunities
56 YOJANA June 2017

and sustainable livelihood options for Quadrat Approach Model (QAM) Survey on Higher Education (2013-
raising their life standards. for Empowerment of Indian Youth 14), Published by Government
of India, Department of Higher
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Government Education, New Delhi.
Policies
Abhiyan (RUSA)- though education is Iniatives &
missions 3. www.ugc.ac.in(2015),Minimum
States responsibility but to promote the Course Curriculum for Undergraduate
quality standards of states education Courses under Choice Based Credit
system, federal funding under RUSA System.
is given to the states to promote Empowered
CBCS
Youth
NBCS 4. Padma, T.V. (May 13, 2015), Indias
performance based education. It works
Science Test, Nature-International
on the Carrot and Stick Policy.
Weekly Journal of Science: 521
Choice Based Credit System (7551): 144-147.
(CBCS)- An excellent approach to Coperative
Society and
5. Pedenkar, P. (May 4, 2015), Survey
redesign curriculum which is going World of Finds 75 per cent Students in India
work
to be student centric, giving them want Humanities in Colleges,
ample opportunity for interdisciplinary Hindustan Times
academics along with multi-directional helping hand of government through its 6. www.nature.com Padma, P.V. (March
movement within state, nation and policies and missions and recognition 2, 2015), Indias Budget Disappoints
worlds education system. The and acceptance of such trained and Scientists.
system will also help in removing the talented youth by the society and
7. British Council (Feb. 2014),
stigmas of evaluation and hurdles of world of work can empower youth and
Understanding India: The Future of
employability. nation both. With best of our wisdom,
Higher Education and Opportunities
we conclude by making a quadrat
for International Cooperation.
So it seems, to empower the youth, approach model for empowerment of
the education system, especially of arts the Indian youth. 8. Vale, R.D. and Dell, K. (2009), The
and humanities and basic sciences, Biological Sciences in India, The
References:
needs calculative reforms. Within Journal of Cell Biology, 184 (3):342-
1. w w w. m h r d . g o v. i n ( D e c . 3 0 , 353.
the limited resources of a developing
country, a proper amalgamation of 2016),Year End Review 2016, 9. Varghese, G.(2006),Declining trend
existing systems and policies can Initiatives and Achievements of in Science Education and Research in
prove wonders. The four sided positive Ministry of Human Resource Indian Universities,UNESCO Forum
approach; student centric education Development. on Higher Education, Research and
systems (CBCS), employers need 2. Ministry of Human Resource Knowledge (Ed.) Paris. q
based curricula (NBCS), extended Development (2015), All India (E-mail: [email protected])
Portal and Mobile App of RUSA

The Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), under the aegis of the Ministry of Human Resource Development,
has launched its own portal and mobile app recently. The portal is a one-stop for States Higher Education Plans,
decision of the States Higher Education Councils and details of the resources under this scheme. Also, the gallery is a
rich repository of the projects initiated under RUSA. Seventeen RUSA projects were also be launched digitally. They
include a cluster university in Jammu and Kashmir, micro ATM facility at the RUSA centre for intelligent systems in Pune
University, solar power facility in Shree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala; language laboratories
in Ghatsila College, Jharkhand, among others. The Fund and Reform Tracker for this centrally sponsored scheme was
also launched. The mobile application will ensure that all projects under RUSA are tracked 24x7.
States and UTs have responded very well to this scheme; 29 States and 6 UTs are participating in RUSA. Over 2000
State Universities and Colleges have been supported so far. The National GER prior to the launch of RUSA was 20.8
(2012), with Male GER at 22.1 and Female GER at 19.4. RUSA assistance has been critical in witnessing a growth in
the GER. A substantial increase in the National GER has been recorded at 24.5, with male GER at 25.4 and female GER
at 23.5 in 2015-16 (Source: AISHE 2015-16).
RUSA is the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) of the Department of Higher Education, MHRD which aims to
provide strategic central funding to State Higher Education Departments and Institutions and achieve the broad objectives
of access, equity and excellence. The State Higher Education Departments and Institutions undertake certain governance,
academic and administrative reforms as a pre-requisite to be entitled for RUSA grants. The implementation of RUSA
in its right earnest began after May 2014.
YOJANA June 2017 57

YE-658/2017
58 YOJANA June 2017

Insurgency Affected Areas
initiatives
Bringing Youth to the Mainstream
Ravi Pokharna
ifty years ago, on the fateful Ministry to effectively address the
F day of May 18th, 1967,

Siliguri Kishan Sabha in
West Bengal declared their
support to few individuals
Left Wing Extremist insurgency in a
holistic manner. The division was also
made responsible for coordinating with
various departments of state and central
of village Naxalbari who had suggested government on the development
adopting armed struggle to redistribute activities and initiatives in these areas.
land to the landless. The Naxalite Subsequently over last few years, a
movement, as it is now referred to, over more integrated, decisive and firm
Government has the years spread itself geographically strategy of tackling the problem has
launched scores of to other states of the country and evolved. As per the new Integrated
initiatives in the field continued surpassing itself in cruelty Action Plan, government plans to
and violence with each armed act. bring adivasis into the mainstream
of education and skill The youth belonging to such
and at the same time strictly deal
with the violence. Government has
development for the insurgent areas understandably live decided on achieving short-term
benefit of the youth under vulnerable situations. Realising
this, Government of India lays special
goals in the fight against left-wing
extremism. Following a district-wise
belonging to the LWE focus on planning and execution of approach of development has also
regions. On the one development schemes in such areas. been replaced now by adopting block
Other than the Left Wing Extremism of level development planning. It is
hand, government CPI(M) majorly affecting 34 districts, also planned to setup development
has expedited the insurgency is also affecting few regions hubs in each of the worst affected
of North East India as well as Jammu districts. As per the plan of boosting
implementation of and Kashmir. The article further development in naxal affected areas,
already available elaborates on the government schemes the Prime Minister visited Dantewada
being implemented for youth in the considered to be the Maoist hotbed.
existing schemes in these three described insurgent areas. While inaugurating developmental
regions on priority, on Government schemes for youth
projects worth Rs 24,000 crore he said
the other hand several Only plough on the shoulders and not
in the CPI (Maoist) insurgency
guns can bring development. And this
innovative measures and affected Red Corridor
will bring everyone to the mainstream
interventions have been Though the gravity of the Naxal of the country. There is no future for
problem was realised by the government violence. The future is only of peaceful
introduced to meet the long back but it was only in 2009 that a means.. Keeping with this statement
specific needs Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Division the government has initiated a number
was created as a part of the Home of measures for the youth residing in
The author is in charge of Delhi office of Rambhau Mhalgi Prabodhini, a United Nations recognized training and research
institute.
YOJANA June 2017 59

Left Wing Extremist areas. called Taare Zameen Par, has l Essential technicians Electrician,
cops collecting amenities like books, Plumbing, repair of ACs, Fridge,
Government has launched scores notebooks, clothes, bags, shoes etc. Mobile repair etc.
of initiatives in the field of education from residents of Daltonganj, the
and skill development for the benefit headquarters of the Palamu district.
l Automobile fitter, turner,
of the youth belonging to the LWE mechanics, welding.
The police then re-distributes those
regions. On the one hand, government among local children who come from l Soft skills for employability in any
has expedited the implementation of under privileged backgrounds. sector
already available existing schemes in
these regions on priority, on the other The central and state governments l Retail merchandising
hand several innovative measures and duly understand that education l Aviation Cabin Crew, Air
interventions have been introduced followed by skill training leading to an Hostess, ground crew etc.
to meet the specific needs. Since employment and livelihood opportunity
uneducated and unemployed youth are could only discourage youth of these Additionally, Department of North
considered soft targets by insurgents to regions to keep away from being a part East region along with North Eastern
recruit and join the cadre, Government of this violent movement. The plan thus Development Finance Corporation
has worked out an integrated plan seem to be getting implemented in its Ltd is also setting up a VC fund worth
to educate the youth of the region. right earnestness. Rs 100 cr to promote startups in the
Under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan, North-Eastern states. Early and growth
residential schooling facility is Govt schemes for the youth affected stage start-ups in the field of IT, ITES,
being provided to all children. For by North-east Insurgency Food Processing, Healthcare, Tourism,
girl child Kasturba Gandhi Balika Retail, Aggregation of services would
North eastern India is the most
Vidyalayas provide affordable get boost due the the fund.
geo-strategic landscape for India.
and quality elementary education. Unfortunately this region has been Many educational reforms through
Secondary education is ensured through plagued by insurgency, instability SSA and RUSA have also been
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha and social unrest since Indias introduced
Abhiyan (RMSA). A number of KVs independence, as in this backdrop, the
and Navodaya schools are also being government has introduced a number DONER ministry is also offering
opened up. of initiatives specially for the youth subsidy incentives in NER for
of insurgent areas of North East. industrial and other units generating
Ministry of skill development employment. To implement the same,
is training 160 youth in each of 34 Ministry of Development of North
DONERs assistance to North Eastern
LWE affected districts under the Eastern Region is coordinating central
Development Finance Corporation
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas government departments initiatives for
(NEDFI) will have a component of
Yojana. State Governments are also the north east. The Skill Development
higher interest subsidy for such units
playing vital role in creating positive Ministry has planned State Skill
which give more employment.
environment and opportunities for the Development Mission for few of the
youth. Chhattisgarh government has north eastern states. The mission is Govt schemes for the youth affected
created Livelihood colleges in these working to train youth with the help of by Terrorist organisations and
regions. Additionally the government government ITIs and private agencies. insurgent groups of Jammu and
is preparing students for competitive Additionally, State Livelihood Mission Kashmir
exams through its institute Prayas. as well as NULM schemes are also
The roots of the three decade old
Bastar region whose all five districts being deployed to skill the youth.
insurgency in J & K dates back to Indias
fall in the LWE category sent 27 The areas of training identified are as independence. Currently Government
students to IITs in the year 2016. follows: - of India and the state government have
Under the scheme Skill Development
l Hospitality - (Cuisines, Food & been working together to skill youth
in 34 Districts Affected by Left
and create livelihood opportunities
Wing Extremism, Ministry of Skill Beverage, Pastry & Baking)
for them.
Development and Entrepreneurship is l Tourism Tour operators, hotels,
working on operating one ITI and Two home stay, taxis to places of Few of the popular measures are
Skill Development centres in each of attraction etc. enlisted here :-
the 34 districts of the nine states.
l Nursing, Para medics. UDAAN - The Special Industry
The Police of Jharkhand has Initiative (SII) for J&K is funded
l Wellness and beauty
initiated a very unique initiative for by Ministry of Home Affairs and
the children of LWE affected region l Fashion designing and garments, implemented by National Skill
Palamu of the state. This initiative handloom weaving. Development Corporation (NSDC). It
60 YOJANA June 2017

aims to provide corporate exposure to of the culture of their fellow citizens. youth for engineering entrance
the youth as well as provide corporate They came back motivated to become exams. Infact this year Super 40
India with the talent available in productive citizens of the country and broke all previous records when 26
the state. The schemes has received actively leverage the growth trajectory boys and two girls from the state
overwhelming response and is making for personal development. So far more cracked the IIT-JEE Mains exam
a considerable impact on ground. than 5000 people have benefited out 2017. Achieving a success rate of
of the 200 tours conducted under this 78 per cent is the result of armys
Sadbhavna - Another very scheme. Kashmir Super 40 being at par with
successful initiative is Sadbhavna the best IIT coaching centres in the
which is run by the Army. Under Army also runs vocational country.
Sadbhavna Army runs several important t r a i n i n g c e n t re s a n d w o m e n
programmes for the youth of Jammu empowerment centres spread across Himayat - Run under Ministry
and Kashmir. Army Goodwill Schools the state to provide practical skills to of Rural Development, Government
which is an education initiative works interested and deserving candidates. of Indias Deen Dayal Upadhyay
to provide middle and high school level Sourced through Armys own budget, Grameen Kaushal Yojana the scheme
education to over one lakh students. people friendly projects are executed endeavours to train 1.24 lac local youth
Presently, over 14,000 students are year after year to ameliorate the of Jammu and Kashmir in job intensive
undergoing schooling in various army conditions of people living in far flung vocational courses.
run schools in the state and over 1,000 regions of the State.
children from the state are studying in Thus, the central government
institutions outside the state through Another important and highly and the state government have come
scholarship programmes facilitated beneficial initiative run in Jammu together to empower the youth of
by the army. and Kashmir is by Army only. Army insurgency affected areas so as to
in association with its training partner motivate them to contribute to the
Army also runs National Centre for Social Responsibility and growth of their area and thus the
Integration Tour under Sadbhavna Learning (CSRL) and Petronet LNG country at large. q
where students get to visit other states runs Kashmir Super 40 initiative
of the country and get a first hand view for coaching Jammu and Kashmir (E-mail:[email protected])
YE-379/2017
YOJANA June 2017 61

YE-670/2017
62 YOJANA June 2017

indirect tax reforms
single tax regime
GSTThe Game Changer
D S Malik
he genesis of the introduction being levied by the State governments.
T of Goods and Services tax

(GST) in the country was
laid down in the historic
Budget Speech of 28 th
February 2006, wherein the then
Even certain taxes levied by State
Governments are not allowed as set off
for payment of other taxes being levied
by them. Further, a variety of VAT laws
in the country with disparate tax rates
Finance Minister laid down 1st April, and dissimilar tax practices, divides
2010 as the date for the introduction the country into separate economic
of GST in the country. Thereafter, spheres. Creation of tariff and non-
there has been a constant endeavor tariff barriers such as Octroi, entry
for the introduction of the GST in the Tax, Check posts etc. hinder the free
country whose culmination has been flow of trade throughout the country.
the introduction of the Constitution Besides that, the large number of taxes
(122nd Amendment) Bill in December, creates high compliance cost for the
2014. taxpayers in the form of number of
Why GST ? returns, payments etc.
...introduction of What is GST ?
A common refrain in the popular
GST would instantly discussions is what is the need for the
All the indirect taxes mentioned
introduction of GST? To answer that
earlier are proposed to be subsumed
spur economic question, it is important to understand
in a single tax called the Goods and
the present indirect tax structure in
growth and can Services Tax (GST) which will be
our country. Presently, the Central
Government levies tax on manufacture levied on supply of goods or services
potentially lead to (Central Excise duty), provision of or both at each stage of supply chain
services (Service Tax), interstate sale starting from manufacture or import
additional GDP of goods (CST levied by the Centre and till the last retail level. So basically
but collected and appropriated by the any tax that is presently being levied by
growth in the range States) and the State Governments levy the Central or State Government on the
tax on retail sales (VAT), entry of goods supply of goods or services is going to
of 1 per cent to 2 in the State (Entry Tax), Luxury Tax, be converged into GST.
Purchase Tax, etc. It is clearly visible
per cent that there are multiplicities of taxes
GST is proposed to be a dual levy
where the Central Government will
which are being levied on the same
levy and collect Central GST (CGST)
supply chain.
and the State will levy and collect State
There is cascading of taxes, as taxes GST (SGST) on intra-state supply of
levied by the Central Government are goods or services. The Centre will
not available as setoff against the taxes also levy and collect Integrated GST
The author is Additional Director General, Press Information Bureau of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting looking after Media
Relations and Communication of Ministry of Finance, Corporate Affairs and Competition Commission of India.
YOJANA June 2017 63

(IGST) on inter-state supply of goods paper trail of transactions at each
or services. Thus GST is a unifier that level of supply chain;
is going to integrate various taxes l Similar uniform SGST and IGST
being levied by the Centre and the rates will reduce the incentive
State at present and provide a platform for evasion by eliminating rate
for forging an economic union of the arbitrage between neighbouring
country. States and that between intra and
This tax reform will lead to creation inter-state sales;
of a single national market, common l C o m m o n p r o c e d u r e s f o r
tax base and common tax laws for the registration of taxpayers, refund
of taxes, uniform formats of tax market and give boost to Indian
Centre and States. GST is an example
return, common tax base, common Exports;
of how federal system of Government
as laid down in our Constitution can system of classification of goods S i m p l i f i e d a n d a u t o m a t e d
actually be implemented in reality on and services will lend greater procedures for various processes
ground in our country. certainty to the taxation system; such as registration, returns,
l Greater use of IT will reduce human refunds, tax payments, etc;
Another very significant feature of interface between the taxpayer and Average tax burden on supply of
GST will be that input tax credit will the tax administration, which goods or services is expected to
be available at every stage of supply will go a long way in reducing come down which would lead
for the tax paid at the earlier stage of corruption; to more consumption, which
supply. This feature would mitigate
l I t w i l l b o o s t e x p o r t a n d in turn means more production
cascading or double taxation in a major thereby helping in the growth of
way. This tax reform will be supported manufacturing activity, generate
more employment and thus the industries manufacturing in
by extensive use of Information
increase GDP with gainful India.
Technology [through Goods and
Services Tax Network (GSTN)], employment leading to substantive Advantages to Consumers:
which will lead to greater transparency economic growth; Final price of goods is expected
in tax burden, accountability of the l Ultimately it will help in poverty to be transparent due to seamless
tax administrations of the Centre eradication by generating more flow of input tax credit between
and the States and also improve employment and more financial the manufacturer, retailer and
compliance levels at reduced cost of resources. service supplier;
compliance for taxpayers. Studies Advantages to Trade and Industry: Reduction in prices of commodities
indicate that introduction of GST l Simpler tax regime with fewer and goods in long run due to
would instantly spur economic growth exemptions; reduction in cascading impact of
and can potentially lead to additional taxation;
l Increased ease of doing business;
GDP growth in the range of 1 per cent
Reduction in multiplicity of taxes Relatively large segment of small
to 2 per cent.
that are at present governing our retailers will be either exempted
Advantages of GST: indirect tax system leading to from tax or will suffer very low
simplification and uniformity; tax rates under a compounding
Advantages for the Government: scheme - purchases from such
Elimination of double taxation on
l Will help to create a unified certain sectors like works contract, entities will cost less for the
common national market for software, hospitality sector; consumers;
India, giving a boost to foreign Will mitigate cascading of taxes as Poverty eradication by generating
investment and Make in India Input Tax Credit will be available more employment and more
campaign; across goods and services at every financial resources.
l Will mitigate cascading of taxes as stage of supply; Advantages to States:
Input Tax Credit will be available Reduction in compliance costs l Expansion of the tax base as
across goods and services at every - No multiple record keeping they will be able to tax the entire
stage of supply; for a variety of taxes - so supply chain from manufacturing
l Harmonization of laws, procedures lesser investment of resources to retail;
and rates of tax between Centre and manpower in maintaining l Power to tax services, which
and States and across States; records; was hitherto with the Central
l I m p r o v e d e n v i r o n m e n t f o r More efficient neutralization Government only, will boost
compliance as all returns are to of taxes especially for exports revenue and give States access to
be filed online, input credits to be thereby making our products more the fastest growing sector of the
verified online, encouraging more competitive in the international economy;
64 YOJANA June 2017

l GST being destination based l The threshold limit for exemption (without legislature) Goods and
consumption tax will favour from levy of GST would be Rs. Services Tax (UTs GST) Bill
consuming States; 20 lakhs for the States except for 2017 and Goods and Services
l Improve the overall investment the Special Category States, as Tax (Compensation to States) Bill
climate in the country which will enumerated in Article 279A of the 2017 have been passed by the Lok
naturally benefit the development Constitution, for which it will be Sabha on 29th March, 2017 and
in the States; Rs 10 Lakhs); by the Rajya Sabha on 06th April,
l The threshold for availing the 2017. The following draft GST
l Largely uniform SGST andIGST
rates will reduce the incentive Composition scheme would be Rs. rules have been approved by the
for evasion by eliminating rate 50 lakhs. Service providers and GST Council on 31st March, 2017
arbitrage between neighbouring some others would be kept out of and have been now placed in the
States and that between intra and the Composition Scheme; public domain:
inter-state sales; l To compensate States for 5 l Registration Rules
l Improved Compliance levels of years for loss of revenue due to l Return Rules
the tax payers will contribute implementation of GST, the base l Invoice Rules
greatly in improving the revenue year for the revenue of the State
would be 2015-16 and a fixed l Payment Rules
collection of the States.
growth rate of 14 per cent will be l Refund Rules
Current Status : applied to it; l Input Tax Credit Rules
l In order to implement this historic
l Approval of the Draft GST Rules l Valuation (Determination of the
Indirect Tax reform, Constitutional on registration, payment, return,
(122nd Amendment) Bill (CAB Value of Supply of Goods and
refund and invoice, debit/credit Services) Rules
for short) was introduced in the Notes with the understanding
Parliament and passed by Rajya l Transitional Rules
that minor changes may be
Sabha on 03rd August, 2016 and permitted with the approval of l Composition Rules
Lok Sabha on 08th August, 2016. the Chairperson, if required, based The implementation of GST has
l The CAB was passed by more than on suitable suggestions from the the following challenges:
15 states and thereafter Honble stakeholders or from the Law l Challenging time frame of rolling-
President gave assent to The Department; out GST by July 1, 2017;
Constitution (One Hundred And l All entities exempted from
First Amendment) Act, 2016 l Passage of draft laws by the State
payment of indirect tax under Legislatures;
on 8th of September, 2016. Since any existing tax incentive scheme
then the GST Council and been would pay tax in the GST regime l Infrastructure and Technology up-
notified bringing into existence and the decision to continue with gradation of tax system particularly
the Constitutional body to decide any incentive scheme shall be with of the States;
issues relating to GST. the concerned State or Central l Up-gradation of IT systems of
l On September 16, 2016, the government. In case, the State trade and industry;
Government of India issued or Central Government decides
notifications bringing into effect to continue with any existing Now the main thrust would be to
all the sections of CAB setting exemption/incentive scheme; it create a nation-wide awareness among
firmly into motion the rolling-out will be administered by way of a the stakeholders and public at large
of GST. This notification sets-out reimbursement mechanism. to remove their doubts/confusion and
misgivings, if any, about the GST and
an outer limit of time of one year, l Adoption of four slabs tax rate
that is till 15-9-2017 for bringing its likely impact on businesses, prices
structure of 5 per cent, 12 per especially of essential commodities
into effect GST. cent,18 per cent and 28 per cent. In
and employment opportunities etc.
addition, there would be a category
GST Council Meetings : Small businessmen and traders have
of exempt goods and further a cess
to be fully briefed about the GST and
The highest decision making body would be levied on certain goods
related Legislations along with the
under CAB, the GST Council has met such as luxury cars, aerated drinks,
procedure to file their tax returns on
thirteen times since its constitution and pan masala and tobacco products,
line and how to claim input tax credit
some important decisions taken in the over and above the rate of 28 per
wherever applicable among others. The
different GST Council Meetings are:- cent for payment of compensation
Government is now fully committed
to the states.
l Rules for conduct of business in and hopeful to roll-out this major
l The Central Goods and Services Indirect Tax reform with effect from
GST Council;
Tax (CGST) Bill 2017, Integrated July 1, 2017. q
l Timetable for implementation of Goods and Services Tax (IGST)
GST; Bill 2017l, Union Territories (E-mail: [email protected])
YOJANA June 2017 65

About Our Books
Rashtrapati Bhavan Series of Books brought out

by Publications Division
O
ver a period of the
last three years,
Publications Division
has brought out a series of
high-quality books about
the Rashtrapati Bhavan,
covering various aspects of the
Presidential office and estate,
giving the readers a peep into
the mystique of Rashtrapati
Bhavan and documenting its
historical, cultural and social
legacy as a national institution.
These volumes, totalling 17
in number (one of which is
currently under production),
are of immense heritage
value and are narratives for
posterity.
The publication of the
Rashtrapati Bhavan series of books (RB series) commenced in 2014 with pre-decided timelines for
release of the books during 2014 to 2017.
The published volumes were released at functions held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on 25 th July 2015, 11th
Dec 2015, 25th July 2016 and 11th Dec 2016. The Honble Vice President and the Honble Prime Minister
presented the first copies of the books to the President at these events.
The titles in this prestigious series are:
i. Abode under the Dome ( State Guests at Raisina Hill: 1947-67)
ii. A Work of Beauty: Art and Architecture of the Rashtrapati Bhavan
iii. Arts and Interiors of the Rashtrapati Bhavan
iv. Around Indias First Table: Dining and Entertaining at the Rashtrapati Bhavan
v. Discover the Magnificent world of Rashtrapati Bhavan (for children)
vi. Indradhanush Volume 1
vii. Indradhanush Volume 2
viii. Life at Rashtrapati Bhavan
ix. Right of the Line: The Presidents Bodyguard
x. Rashtrapati Bhavan : From Raj to Swaraj
xi. The Presidential Retreats of India
xii. The First Garden of the Republic: Nature in the Presidents Estate
66 YOJANA June 2017


Yojana English June 2017

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yojana English June 2017

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yojana English June 2017

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

xiii.

Winged Wonders of Rashtrapati Bhavan

Chief Editor's Office : Room No. 660, Soochna

4 YOJANA June 2017

Youth: Hope for future

As engineers, doctors, lawyers, bankers, entrepreneurs, sports persons, youth have

YOJANA June 2017 5

Gaurav Agrawal (59.20%) 3 MONTHS

Test Series Every Monday DIRECTLY UNDER Dr. MAHESH LALWANI

6 YOJANA June 2017

Indian Youth : Emerging Power

he term Youth as defined support. The youth are not a ready

T by the UNESCO is best

YOJANA June 2017 7

8 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 9

Yojana Social Security

10 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 11

Performance of key infrastructure sectors reviewed

12 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 13

Job Creation: Challenges & Way Forward

I youth population comprising

14 YOJANA June 2017

Table 1 Work Participation Rate (UPS) by Age Group, 2015-16

15-17 Years 18-29 Years 30 Years & above

YOJANA June 2017 15

Table 4 Unemployment Rate (UPS) by Age Group, 2015-16

Source: Labour Bureau, Report on Youth Employment and Unemployment Scenario,

16 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 17

18 YOJANA June 2017

making a nation of job creators

ndia needs 10 million jobs a offer a product or service that is not

I year and global data shows

YOJANA June 2017 19

20 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 21

22 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 23

Youth: A Change Agent

killing is building a better India comprising of West Bengal,

S India. If we have to move

24 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 25

26 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 27

28 YOJANA June 2017

YOJANA June 2017 29

30 YOJANA June 2017

INTERACT WITH OUR TOPPERS

JUNE Time JULY Time

Comprehensive Class Weekly Test

Vikash Ranjan Vishal Mishra Ayaz Khan Sonali Bansal

K.R. Singh S. Khan S. Suryavanshi, IRS Mithilesh Singh And

Aurangabad, Bhopal, Mumbai, J&K, Sikar CRACK UPSC EXAM

011- 27607070, 7840888777 e-mail: [email protected] 011-47451000, 7840888666

32 YOJANA June 2017