SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

16th NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

FOR
ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS September, 2015

PAPER 2: Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities

Date: 19.09.2015 Timings: 1400-1700 HRS Duration: 3 HRS Max. Marks: 150

General instructions:
o Please check that this question paper contains 8 printed pages
o Please check that this question paper contains 64 questions
o The question paper is divided into three sections
o All questions in all three sections are compulsory
o All parts of a question should be answered at one place

Section I: OBJECTIVE TYPE Marks: 50 x 1 = 50

a) Answer all 50 questions

b) Each question carries one mark
c) Please hatch the appropriate oval in the OMR answer sheet with Black Pen or HB pencil

1. Coal size of 75% below 75 micron is required for use in

a) spreader stoker boiler b) chain grate stoker boiler

c) fluidized bed boiler d) pulverized fuel boiler
2. Which one of the following fuel has the highest hydrogen content and lowest sulphur
content

a) coal b) fuel oil c) natural gas d) LSHS

3. A small quantity of leakage of stored Liquid LPG evaporates to produce about ------
times of volume of gas.

a) 100 b) 150 c) 250 d) 350

4. Secondary air requirement for a coal fired boiler is influenced by

a) fixed carbon b) mineral matter c) volatile matter d) sulphur

5. Which one of the following is not true with respect to the role of nitrogen in the
combustion of any fuel

a) produces oxides of nitrogen

b) reduces the volume of combustion by-products
c) dilutes the flue gases
d) carries useful heat in flue gases
6. In which of following, heat loss due to moisture formation on complete combustion will
be maximum

a) LSHS b) furnace oil c) natural gas d) coal

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SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

7. Which of the following requires the largest amount of oxygen/kg of substance for
combustion

a) carbon b) hydrogen c) sulphur d) nitrogen

8. Which of the following boiler utilizes the combination of suspension firing and great
firing

a) traveling grate stoker boiler b) packaged boiler

c) spreader stoker boiler d) pulverized fuel boiler
9. Which of the component is common to supercritical boiler and sub critical boiler for
power generation

a) economizer b) water walls c) re-heaters d) all of the above

10. The TDS level in boiler water for boiler blow down, is measured through

a) alkalinity of water b) thermal conductivity of water

c) electrical conductivity of water d) turbidity of water
11. NOx formation in FBC boilers is minimised because of

a) higher velocity of flue gas in combustion chamber

b) higher pressure of the air supplied
c) lower temperatures in the bed and combustion chamber
d) higher contact of solid particles in the flue gas
12. The material used to control SOx in the FBC boiler is

a) limestone b) alumina c) silica d) fly ash

13. Condensate at pressure of 4 kg/cm2 and 160oC temperature when exposed to
atmosphere will

a) become super heated b) partly convert to flash steam

c) remain as condensate d) fully convert to flash steam
14. As the pressure of water increases from 1kg/cm 2 to 8 kg/cm2, the values of enthalpy of
steam and enthalpy of evaporation respectively

a) increases & remains the same b) increases & decreases

c) decreases & increases d) decreases & remains the same
15. The difference in temperature between steam and condensate is the principle of
operation in a

a) thermodynamic trap b) thermostatic trap

c) float trap d) inverted bucket trap
16. Scale losses in reheating furnaces will

a) increase with excess air b) decrease with excess air

c) have no relation with excess air d) increase with CO in combustion gases
17. The velocity of steam in steam pipe is directly proportional to

a) number of bends in pipe b) 5th power of the diameter of pipe

c) length of pipe d) specific volume of steam
18. Ceramic coating is used in furnaces because it enhances

a) conductivity b) convective heat transfer coefficient

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SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

c) emissivity d) radiation factor

19. The thermal resistance of an insulation

a) decreases with increased thermal conductivity

b) increases with increased thermal conductivity
c) decreases with decreased thermal conductivity
d) has no relation with thermal conductivity
20. The presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates in water to steam boiler would
form

a) acidic solution b) basic solution c) neutral solution d) none of the above

21. Heat transfer rate for indirect heating application will be less if we heat with

a) saturated steam b) dry steam

c) superheated steam d) high pressure steam
22. For flash steam calculation, flash steam quantity available depends upon

a) condensate pressure and flash steam pressure b) steam pressure

c) steam enthalpy at atmospheric pressure d) total heat of flash steam
23. The inverted bucket operates on the principle of _______ difference between water and
steam

a) pressure b) density c) temperature d) velocity

24. Furnace wall heat loss depends on

a) temperatures of external wall surfaces b) velocity of air around the furnace

c) thermal conductivity of wall brick d) all of the above
25. The unit of overall heat transfer coefficient is

a) W/m2 K b) W 2/m2 K c) W 2 /m3 K d) W/m3 K

26. Which of the following can be used as desiccant in boiler preservation

a) silica gel b) activated carbon c) un-slaked lime d) all of the above

27. Transfer of heat without a conveying medium is possible with

a) conduction b) radiation c) convection d) none of the above

28. Which of the following depends on physical properties of fluids as well as geometry of
the heat exchanger

a) overall heat transfer coefficient b) fouling coefficient

c) LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference) d) effectiveness
29. The parameter assumed to remain constant during LMTD calculation of a Heat
exchanger is

a) temperature drop b) heat transfer area

c) specific heat of fluids d) none of the above
30. Hydrometer is used for the measurement of

a) viscosity b) density c) water content d) humidity

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SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

31. Corrosion in chimney, air pre-heater and economizer is mainly influenced by

a) sulphur content in fuel b) ash content in fuel

c) moisture content in fuel d) all of the above
32. _____ gives an estimate of heating value of coal

a) ash content b) moisture content c) fixed carbon d) volatile matter

33. The amount of CO2 produced in complete combustion of 18 Kg of carbon

a) 50 b) 44 c) 66 d) 792
34. Enthalpy of evaporation of any vapour at its critical point will be

a) more than zero b) zero c) less than zero d) unpredictable

35. Removal of condensate from main steam line is done to prevent

a) steam locking b) air locking c) water hammer d) all of the above

36. 2 m lift of condensate in steam pipe will result in back pressure of

a) 0.02 bar b) 0.2 bar c) 2 bar d) 20 bar

37. Portable fyrite is used for the measurement of

a) CO2 content in flue gas b) O2 content in flue gas

c) stack temperature d) both (a) & (b)
38. Which fuel among the following needs temperature control during storage

a) coal b) furnace oil c) diesel oil d) kerosene

39. The stoichiometric amount of air required to burn 1 kg of methane is

a) 69.57 b) 4 c) 17.39 d) 16
40. Which of the following has the lowest stoichiometric oxygen demand (kg/kg of fuel)

a) hydrogen b) carbon c) sulphur d) methane

41. Presence of _____ in flue gas confirms incomplete combustion in furnace

a) CO b) NOx c) SOx d) all of the above

42. Which of the following salt causes temporary hardness in water

a) calcium sulphate b) calcium bicarbonate

c) calcium chloride d) calcium nitrate
43. In which zone of cupola furnace does the conversion of CO2 to CO take place?

a) combustion zone b) melting zone c) reduction zone d) preheating zone

44. Which among the following operates at vacuum

a) heat wheels b) heat pump c) heat pipe d) all of the above

45. Which of the following boiler water treatment ensures complete removal of salts

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

a) demineralization b) softening c) de-aeration d) all of the above

46. The heat loss in a furnace depends on

a) emissivity of walls b) conductivity of refractory

c) wall thickness d) all of the above
47. An increase in bulk density of a refractory increases its

a) volume stability b) heat capacity

c) Resistance to slag penetration d) all of the above
48. Economiser in a boiler exchanges heat between

a) flue gas & combustion air b) steam & feed water

c) steam & combustion air d) feed water & flue gas
49. Which of the following is not required for determining economic thickness of steam line

a) cost of fuel b) boiler efficiency c) enthalpy of steam d) calorific value of fuel

50. On an inverted bucket trap, what happens to the bucket as the trap fills with water

a) it rises b) it inclines c) it sinks d) it remains stationary

-------- End of Section - I ---------

Section II: SHORT DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 8 x 5 = 40

(i) Answer all Eight questions

(ii) Each question carries Five marks

(a) Why should LPG cylinders not be stored in basements or cellars? (2.5 marks)
S-1
(b) Why should the stack temperature of furnace oil fired boilers not be maintained below
160-170C ? (2.5 marks)

Ans:

(a) LPG is a predominant mixture of propane and butane. Both propane and butane
are denser than air. Consequently, the vapour flows along the ground into drains and
sinks to the lowest level of the surroundings and gets ignited at a considerable
distance from the source of leakage. Escape of even small quantities of LPG can give
rise to large volume of vapour mixture and can cause considerable hazard. Hence
there should be adequate ground level ventilation where LPG cylinders are stored.
For this reason LPG cylinders should not be stored in cellars or basements, which
have no ventilation at ground levels.

(2.5 marks)

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

(b) For fuels containing sulphur, low temperatures (below 160-170C) of stack can
lead to sulphur dew point corrosion. The main disadvantage of sulphur is the risk of
corrosion by sulphuric acid formed during and after combustion, and condensing in
cool parts of the chimney or stack, air preheater and economiser.

( 2.5 marks)

A steam pipe of 100mm diameter is insulated with mineral wool. As a part of energy saving
S-2
measures, the insulation is upgraded with efficient Calcium silicate insulation. Calculate the
percentage reduction in heat loss as a result of implementation of the above measure given
the following data,

Boiler efficiency : 80%

Surface temperature with mineral wool : 95C
Surface temperature with calcium silicate : 55C
Ambient temperature : 25C

Ans:

Heat loss thru non-insulated pipe = [10 + (Ts Ta) / 20] * (Ts Ta) ]
Ts = Surface temperature
Ta = Ambient temperature

Heat loss thru non-insulated pipe = [10 + (95 25) / 20] * (95 25) ]
= 945 kcal/hr-m2
(2 marks)
Heat los thru insulated pipe = [10 + (55 25) / 20] * (55 25) ]
= 345 kcal/hr-m2
(2 marks)
% Reduction in heat loss = (945 345) / 945
= 63.5 %
(1 mark)

Calculate the electricity consumption in an induction melting furnace from the following melt
S-3
cycle data,

Mild steel (MS) scrap charged : 1250 kg

Specific heat of MS : 0.68 kJ/kg 0C
Latent heat of MS : 270 kJ/kg
MS melting temperature : 1650 0C
Inlet MS charge temperature : 35 0C
Efficiency of furnace : 65%

Ans:
Theoretical energy required for melting = 1250 (0.68 x (1650 35) + 270)/3600

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

= 475.1 kWh/hr or 475.1 kw

(3 marks)
Actual energy input to the furnace = 475.1 / 0.65
Electricity consumption = 730.9 Kwh/hr or 730.9 kw
(2 marks)

Paddy husk is being used as a combustion fuel in a water tube boiler. The ultimate analysis
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of fuel is given below. Calculate theoretical amount of air required per 100 kg of husk for the
combustion from the following data
Ultimate Analysis of Paddy Husk %
Moisture 11.8
Mineral Matter 17.7
Carbon 32.0
Hydrogen 5.0
Nitrogen 0.9
Sulphur 0.1
Oxygen 32.5

Ans

Considering a sample of 100 kg of paddy husk.

Component in % (wt) in Equation Specific Actual

fuel fuel stoichiometric stoichiometric
oxygen required oxygen required

Carbon 32 C + O2 = CO2 2.67 85.44

12 + 32 = 44 (32/12) (32x2.67)

Hydrogen 5 H2 + 0.5 02 = H2O 8.0 40.0

2 + 16 = 18 (16/2) (5x8)

Sulphur 0.1 S + O2 = SO2 1.0 0.1

32 + 32 = 64 (32/32) (0.1x1)

Oxygen 32.5 (-)32.5

Nitrogen 0.9 -

Moisture 11.8 -

Mineral matter 17.7 -

Total 100 93.04

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

(4 marks)

Total Oxygen required = 93.04 kg oxygen / 100 kg fuel

Therefore theoretical quantity of dry air reqd. = 93.04 / 0.23 = 404.5 kg air / 100 kg fuel

(air contains 23% oxygen by wt.)

(1 mark)

Determine the Energy Utilization Factor (EUF) from the following back pressure cogeneration
S-5
plant diagram and data given.

Back Pr.Steam
P =4 kg/cm2
T =170 C Process
Q =11MT/hr
H =650kcal/kg Plant Condensate
At P = 4 kg/cm2
T =170 C

Inlet Steam
P = 42 kg/cm2
T = 410 C
Q = 11 MT/hr
BPT Power
H = 760kcal/kg Alternator 0.7 MW

Back Pr Turbine Cogeneration

Plant

Solution
Input heat to turbine = 11,000 x 760 = 8360000 Kcal/hr (1 mark)
Useful heat to process Plant = 11,000 x 650-170 = 5280000 Kcal/hr (1 mark)
Useful Electrical output in alternator = 700x860= 602000 Kcal/hr (1 mark)

Energy Utilization Factor (EUF) = (602000+5280000) /8360000

= 70.36% (2 marks)

For combustion of 500 kg/hr of Natural Gas containing 100% Methane, Calculate the
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percentage of CO2 in the flue gas while 20% excess air is supplied.

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

Ans:

CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2H2O

1 mole of Methane requires 2 moles of Oxygen.

16 Kg of Methane requires 64 Kg of Oxygen.
16 Kg of Methane produces 44 Kg of CO 2.

500 Kg/hr of Methane requires 2000 Kg/hr of Oxygen.

500 Kg/hr of Methane requires 1375 Kg/hr of CO2

Theoretical air required for combustion = 2000 / 0.23 = 8695 Kg/hr

(2 marks)
Considering 20% excess air,
Actual air supplied for combustion is = 8695 * 1.2
= 10434 Kg/hr of air
(1 mark)
Flue gas generation with 20% excess air = 500 + 10434
= 10934 Kg/hr
(1 mark)
% CO2 in the flue gas = 1375 / 10934
= 12.5 %
(1 mark)

In a heat exchanger, steam is used to heat 3.0 KL/hr of furnace oil from 30oC to 100oC. The
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specific heat of furnace oil is 0.22 kCal/ kg/ oC and the density of furnace oil is 0.95 gm/cc.
How much steam per hour is needed if steam at 4 kg/cm 2 with latent heat of 510 kCal/ kg is
used. If steam cost is Rs. 4.0/kg and electrical energy cost is Rs.8.0/kWh, which type of
heating would be more economical in this particular case? (assume no losses in electrical
and steam heating process)

Ans: Total heat required = m Cp T

= (3 x 1000 x 0.95) x 0.22 x (100-30)
= 43890 kcal/hr
(1.5 mark)
a) Amount of steam required = 43890/510
= 86 kg/hr
Steam cost = 86 x Rs.4
= Rs. 344/hr
(1.5 marks)

b) Amount of electricity required = 43890/860

= 51 kWh
= 51 x Rs. 8
= Rs.486/ hr
Steam heating will be more economical
(2 marks)

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

In a sugar mill, a process requires 5 000 kg/hr of dry saturated steam at 7 kg/cm 2 (g). For the
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flow velocity not to exceed 25 m/s, determine the pipe diameter size for distribution of steam.
Specific volume at 7 kg/cm2 = 0.24 m3/kg
Ans.

The velocity of steam maximum = 25 m/s

Specific volume at 7 kg/cm2 = 0.24 m3/kg

Mass flow rate = 5000 kg/hr

= 5000/3600 = 1.389 kg/sec

Volumetric flow = 1.389 x 0.24 = 0.333 m3/sec

(1 mark)

Volumetric flow rate(m3/s) = Velocity (m/s) x cross sectional area (m 2)

4 Volumetric flowrate (1 mark)
D2
Flow velocity
Therefore,

4 Volumetric flowrate
D
Flow velocity

4 0.333
D
25

D 0.130 m or 130 mm

Since the steam velocity must not exceed 25 m/s, the pipe size must be at least 130 mm; the
nearest commercially available size, 150 mm, would be selected.
(3 marks)

-------- End of Section - II ---------

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

Section - III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 6 x 10 = 60

(i) Answer all SIX questions

(ii) Each question carries Ten marks

A liquid waste stream has a flow rate of 3.5 kg/s and a temperature of 75o C with a specific heat
L-1
capacity of 4190 J/kgK. Heat recovered from the hot waste stream is used to pre-heat boiler
make-up water. The flow rate of the make-up water is 2.8 kg/s, its temperature is 12oC and its
specific heat capacity is 4190 J/kg/K. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger
is 800 W/m2K. If a make-up water exit temperature of 50 oC is required, and assuming that there
are no heat loss from the heat losses from the exchanger, determine

1) The heat transfer rate

2) The exit temperature of the effluent and
3) The area of the heat exchanger required
Solution
i) Heat gained by makeup water = Qc= mc cc T = 2.8 x 4190 x (50-12)
= 445816 W = 445.82 kW
(2 marks)

ii) mh ch (th1 th2) = mc cc (tc1 tc2)

3.5 x 4190 x (75 - th2) = 2.8 x 4190 x (50 -12)

th2 = 44.6 o C
(3 marks)

iii) Now because the water outlet temperature is above the outlet temperature of the effluent a
counter-flow heat exchanger is required

LMTD = t1 t2
ln ( t1/ t2)

= ((75-50)-(44.6-12)
ln (75-50)/(44.6-12)
= 25-32.4
ln(25/32.4)

LMTD = 28.54oC
(2.5 marks)

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 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

Q = UA (LMTD)

=445816
800 x 28.54
Area =19.5 m2
(2.5 marks)

Oil fired Boiler is generating 100 TPH of steam at 85% efficiency, operating 330 days in a year.
L-2
Management has installed a water treatment plant at Rs 2 Crore investment for reducing the
TDS in boiler feed from 450 ppm to 150 ppm. The maximum permissible limit of TDS in the
boiler is 3000 ppm and make up water is 10%. Temperature of blowdown water is 175C and
boiler feed water temperature is 45C. Calorific value of Fuel oil is 10200 Kcal/kg.

Calculate the payback period if the cost of fuel is Rs.34500 per ton.

Ans:
Blow down % = Feed water TDS * % make up water x 100
(maximum permissible TDS in boiler water Feed water TDS)

Initial blow down = 450 * 10 / (3000 450)

Initial blow down = 1.76 %

Improved blow down = 150 * 10 / (3000 150)

Improved blow down = 0.53 %

Reduction in blow down = 1.76 0.53

Reduction in blow down = 1.24 %

Reduction in blow down = 1.24 * 100 * 1000 / 100

Reduction in blow down = 1238 kg/hr
(4 marks)
Specific heat of water is 1 kcal/kgC

Heat savings = m * Cp * (T1 T2) = 1238 * 1 * (175 45)

Heat savings = 160991 kcal/hr

Fuel Oil saving = 160991 / (10200 * 0.85) = 18.6 kg/hr

= 18.6 * 24 * 330 / 1000
= 147.1 MT / annum

Fuel Oil cost savings = 147.1 * 345000

= Rs. 50.75 lakh
( 4 marks)
Investment on water treatment plant = Rs. 2 Crore

Payback period = 2 / 0.5075

Payback period = 3.9 years (or) 47months
(2 marks)

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

As a part of energy conservation measure, APH (Air Pre-heater) is installed in a fired heater.
L-3
The APH is designed to pre-heat 240 m3/min of combustion air to 250C. Flue gas enters the
APH at 375C. Calculate the flue gas leaving the stack and also determine the improvement in
furnace efficiency after the installation of APH with the following data

Density of air : 1.15 kg/m3

Specific heat of air : 0.23 Kcal/kgC
Specific heat of flue gas : 0.26 Kcal/kgC
Calorific value of fuel : 9850 Kcal/kg
Air to fuel ratio : 17
Efficiency of furnace : 69 %
Ambient temperature : 30C

Solution:

Amount of Air flow = 240 * 60 * 1.15

= 16560 Kg/hr
(1 mark)
Amount of fuel = 16560 / 17
= 974.12 Kg/hr
(1 mark)
Amount of flue gas = 16560 + 974.12
= 17534.1 Kg/hr
(1 mark)

Heat absorbed by combustion air = 16560 * 0.23 * (250 30)

= 837936 Kcal/hr
(1.5 mark)

Temperature difference in flue gas = 837936 / (17534.1 * 0.26)

= 183.8 C
(1.5 mark)

Flue gas leaves the stack at temp = 375 183.8 = 191.2 C

(1 mark)

Efficiency of APH = heat absorbed by air / Heat input * 100

= 837936 * 100 / (974.12* 9850)
= 8.73 %
(2 marks)

Overall efficiency after APH = 69 + 8.73 % = 77.73 %

(1 mark)
L-4 Write short notes on any two of the following: (5 marks each)

a) Plate heat exchanger (page 242 of book-2)

b) Multiple effect evaporator (page 247-248 of book-2)

c) Gas turbine cogeneration system (page 192 of book-2)

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

a) Find out the efficiency of the furnace oil fired boiler by the direct method in an agro product
L-5
manufacturing plant given the following data:

Type of boiler : Furnace oil fired

Quantity of steam (dry) generated : 5 TPH
Steam pressure / temp : 10 kg/cm2(g)/ 180 0C
Quantity of oil consumed : 0.350 TPH
Feed water temperature : 75 0C
GCV of Furnace oil : 10300 kCal/kg
Enthalpy of saturated steam at 10 kg/cm2 pressure : 665 kCal/kg
Enthalpy of feed water : 75 kCal/kg
Cost of furnace oil : Rs 32/kg
Annual operating hours : 7200 hrs /year

b) The oil fired boiler was converted to coconut shell firing maintaining the same
steam and feed water parameters.

i) Determine the fuel consumption per hour

ii) Return on investment for the conversion scheme.

Fuel fired in the boiler : coconut shell fuel

GCV of coconut shell : 4200 kCal/kg
Efficiency with coconut shell firing : 76%
Cost of coconut shell : Rs 12/kg
Annual operating hours : 7200 hrs /year
Investment towards boiler conversion : Rs 50 lakhs
Annual interest on capital : Rs 6 lakhs /yr

Solution:

a) Efficiency of furnace oil fired boiler (Direct method)

Boiler Efficiency () = 5000 x (665-75) / (350 x 10300)

Boiler efficiency = 81.8% (on GCV basis)
(2.5 marks)
b) i) Coconut shell fuel consumption after conversion:

Fuel consumption = 5000 x (665-75) / (0.76 x 4200)

= 924.2 kg/hr
(2.5 marks)
ii) ROI for the conversion scheme

Annual fuel cost of furnace oil fired boiler = 350 x 7200 x 32 = Rs 8,06,40,000 /year
(1 mark)
Annual fuel cost of coconut shell fired boiler = 924.2 x 7200 x 12
= Rs 7,98,50,880/year
(1 mark)
Annual net monetary savings after conversion

= [(8,06,40,000 - 7,98,50,880) 6,00,000] x 100

50,00,000
=3.8 %
(3 marks)

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 SUPPLIMENTARY Paper 2 Set B

a. State two examples of heat pump applications

L-6
b. In which situation are heat pumps most promising
c. Draw the schematics of a heat pump system
d. Briefly discuss each sub process stage of the heat pump system

a) heat pump applications

i) space heating system

ii) use in plastic factory where chilled water is used to cool injection moulding machines, and

iii) drying applications such as maintaining dry atmosphere in storage and drying
compressed air
(2 marks)

b) In a situation when both the cooling and heating capabilities of the cycle can be used in
combination
( 2 marks)

c) Schematic of a heat pump system:

(2 marks)

Step 1: In the evaporator the heat is extracted to boil the circulating working fluid
Step 2: The evaporated working fluid is compressed in a compressor rising working fluid
temperature and pressure
Step 3: The heat is delivered to the condenser
Step 4: The pressure of the working fluid is reduced in a throttling valve and condensate
returned to the compressor
(4 marks)

.. End of Section III ...

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency