MINISTRY OF LABOUR

AND EMPLOYMENT

Government of India
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948

ACT NO. 63 OF 1948 1*

[23rd September, 1948.]

An Act to consolidate and amend the law regulating labour in

factories.

WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law

regulating labour in factories;

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.

Short title, extent and commencement.

1. Short title, extent and commencement. (1) This Act may be

called the Factories Act, 1948.

2*[(2) It extends to the whole of India 3***.]

(3) It shall come into force on the 1st day of April, 1949.

2.

Interpretation.

2. Interpretation. In this Act, unless there is anything

repugnant in the subject or context,-

(a) "adult" means a person who has completed his fifteenth

year of age;

(b) "adolescent" means a person who has completed his

fifteen year of age but has not completed his
eighteenth year;

4*[(bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months

beginning with the first day of January in any year;]

(c) "child" means a person who has not completed his

fifteenth year of age;

5*[(ca)] "competent person", in relation to any provision of

this Act, means a person or an institution recognised
as such by the Chief Inspector for the purposes of
carrying out tests, examinations and inspections
required to be done in a factory under the provisions
of this Act having regard to-

(i) the qualifications and experience of the

person and facilities available at his disposal;
or

(ii) the qualifications and experience of the

persons employed in such institution and
facilities available therein,

With regard to the conduct of such tests, examinations and

 2

inspections, and more than one person or institution can be

recognised as a competent person in relation to a factory;

(cb) "hazardous process" means any process or activity in

relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule
where, unless special care is taken, raw materials used
therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye-
products, wastes or effluents thereof would--

(i) cause material impairment to the health

of the persons engaged in or connected therewith,
or

(ii) result in the pollution of the general

environment:

Provided that the State Government may, by notification

in the Official Gazette, amend the First Schedule by way of
addition, omission or variation of any industry specified in
the said Schedule;]

(d) "young person" means a person who is either a child or

an adolescent;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. The Act has been extended to-

Dadra and Nagar Haveli by Reg. 6 of 1963, s. 2 and Sch. I.

Pondicherry by Reg. 7 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch. I.
Goa, Daman and Diu by Reg, 11 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch.
Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands by Reg. 8 of 1965,
s. 3 and Sch. I.
2. Subs. by the A. O. 1950 for the former sub-section.
3. The words "except the State of Jammu and Kashmir" omitted by Act
51 of 1970, s. 2 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-9-1971).
4. Ins. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 2.
5. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

34

(e) "day" means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at

midnight;

(f) "week" means a period of seven days beginning at

midnight on Saturday night or such other night as may
be approved in writing for a particular area by the
Chief Inspector of Factories;

(g) "power" means electrical energy, or any other form of

energy which is mechanically transmitted and is not
generated by human or animal agency;

(h) "prime mover" means any engine, motor or other

appliance which generates or otherwise provides power;

(i) "transmission machinery" means any shaft, wheel, drum,

pulley, system of pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving
belt or other appliance or device by which the motion
of a prime mover is transmitted to or received by any
machinery or appliance;

(j) "machinery" includes prime movers, transmission

machinery and all other appliances whereby power is
generated, transformed, transmitted or applied;

(k) "manufacturing process" means any process for-

(i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting,

finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning,
breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating or
adapting any article or substance with a view to
its use sale, transport, delivery or disposal, or

1*[(ii) pumping oil, water, sewage or any

 3

other substance; or]

(iii) generating, transforming or

transmitting power; or

2*[(iv) composing types for printing,

printing by letter press, lithography,
photogravure or other similar process or book
binding;] 3*[or]

(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing,

refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or
vessels; 3*[or]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 2, for sub-clause (ii) of clause (k)
(w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 2, for former sub-clause.
3. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 2 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

35

1*[(vi) preserving or storing any article in

cold storage;]

(l) "worker" means a person 2*[employed, directly or by or

through any agency (including a contractor) with or
without the knowledge of the principal employer,
whether for remuneration or not], in any manufacturing
process, or in cleaning any part of the machinery or
premises used for a manufacturing process, or in any
other kind of work incidental to, or connected with,
the manufacturing process, or the subject of the
manufacturing process 1*[but does not include any
member of the armed forces of the Union];

(m) "factory" means any premises including the precincts

thereof-

(i) whereon ten or more workers are working,

or were working on any day of the preceding twelve
months, and in any part of which a manufacturing
process is being carried on with the aid of power,
or is ordinarily so carried on, or

(ii) whereon twenty or more workers are

working, or were working on any day of the
preceding twelve months, and in any part of which
a manufacturing process is being carried on
without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so
carried on,-

but does not include a mine subject to the operation of

3*[the Mines Act, 1952 (35 of 1952),] or 4*[a mobile
unit belonging to the armed forces of the Union, a
railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating
place].

5*[Explanation. 6*[I]--For computing the number of

workers for the purposes of this clause all the workers
in 6*[different groups and relays] in a day shall be
taken into account;]

6*[Explanation. II.--For the purposes of this clause,

the mere fact that an Electronic Data Processing Unit
or a Computer Unit is installed in any premises or part
thereof, shall not be construed to make it a factory f
no manufacturing process is being carried on in such
premises or part thereof;]

(n) "occupier" of a factory means the person who has

ultimate control over the affairs of the factory 6***.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 2 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
 4

2. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

3. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 2, for "the Indian Mines Act, 1923 (4
of 1923)".
4. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 2, for the words "a railway running
shed: (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
5. Ins. by s, 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
6. Numbered, subs, ins. and omitted by Act, 20 of 1987, s. 2 (w.e.f.
1-12-1987).

36

1*[Provided that-

(i) in the case of a firm or other association of

individuals, any one of the individual partners or
members thereof shall be deemed to be the occupier;

(ii) in the case of a company, any one of the

directors shall be deemed to be the occupier;

(iii) in the case of a factory owned or controlled

by the Central Government or any State Government, or
any local authority, the person or persons appointed to
manage the affairs of the factory by the Central
Government, the State Government or the local
authority, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be
the occupier:];

1*[Provided further that in the case of a ship which is

being repaired, or on which maintenance work is being
carried out, in a dry dock which is available for
hire,-

(1) the owner of the dock shall be deemed to be

the occupier for the purposes of any matter provided
for by or under-

(a) section 6, section 7, 1*[section 7A,

section 7B] section 11 or section 12;

(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to

the providing and maintenance of sufficient and
suitable lighting in or around the dock;

(c) section 18, section 19, section 42,

section 46, section 47 or section 49, in relation
to the workers employed on such repair or
maintenance;

(2) the owner of the ship or his agent or master

or other officer-in-charge of the ship or any person
who contracts with such owner, agent or master or other
officer-in-charge to carry out the repair or
maintenance work shall be deemed to be the occupier for
the purposes of any matter provided for by or under
section 13, section 14, section 16 or section 17 (save
as otherwise provided in this proviso) or Chapter IV
(except section 27) or section 43, section 44 or
section 45, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII or
Chapter IX or section 108, section 109 or section 110,
in relation to-

(a) the workers employed directly by him, or

by or through any agency; and

(b) the machinery, plant or premises in use

for the purpose of carrying out such repair or
maintenance work by such owner, agent, master or
other officer-in-charge or person;]
1* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Ins. subs, and omitted by Act 20 of 1987, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-12-87).
 5

37

(p) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made by the

State Government under this Act;

1* * * * *

(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or

more sets of workers working during different periods
of the day, each of such sets is called a 2*["group"
or
"relay"] and each of such periods is called a "shift".

3.

References to time of day.

3. References to time of day. In this Act references to time of

day are references to Indian Standard Time, being five and a half
hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time:

Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard Time is not
ordinarily observed the State Government may make rules-

(a) specifying the area,

(b) defining the local mean time ordinarily observed

therein, and

(c) permitting such time to be observed in all or any of

the factories situated in the area.

4.

Power to declare different departments to be separate factories or

twoor more
factories to be a single factory.

3*[4. Power to declare different departments to be separate

factories or two or more factories to be a single factory. The State
Government may, 4*[on its own or] on an application made in this
behalf by an occupier, direct, by an order in writing; 4*[and subject
to such conditions as it may deem fit] that for all or any of the
purposes of this Act different departments or branches of a factory of
the occupier specified in the application shall be treated as separate
factories or that two or more factories of the occupier specified in
the application shall be treated as a single factory:]

4*[Provided that no order under this section shall be made by the

State Government on its own motion unless on opportunity of being
heard is given to the occupier.]

5.

Power to exempt during public emergency.

5. Power to exempt during public emergency. In any case of public

emergency the State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, exempt any factory or class or description of factories from
all or any of the provisions of this Act, 5*[except section 67] for
such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit:

Provided that no such notification shall be made for a period

exceeding three months at a time.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Clause (q) rep. by the A. O. 1950.
2. Subs, by Act 20 of 1987, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
 6

3. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 3.

4. Ins. in added by Act 20 of 1987 s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
5. Ins. by the A. O. 1950.

38

1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section "public

emergency" means a grave emergency whereby the security of India or of
any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or
external aggression of internal disturbance.]

6.

Approval, licensing and registration of factories.

6. Approval, licensing and registration of factories. (1) The

State Government may make rules-

2*[(a) requiring, for the purposes of this Act, the

submission of plans of any class or description of
factories to the Chief Inspector or the State
Government;]

3*[(aa)] requiring the previous permission in writing of the

State Government or the Chief Inspector to be obtained
for the site on which the factory is to be situated and
for the construction or extension of any factory or
class or description of factories;

(b) requiring for the purpose of considering application

for such permission the submission of plans and
specifications;

(c) prescribing the nature of such plans and specifications

and by whom they shall be certified;

(d) requiring the registration and licensing of factories

or any class or description of factories, and
prescribing the fees payable for such registration and
licensing and for the renewal of licences;

(e) requiring that no licence shall be granted or renewed

unless the notice specified in section 7 has been
given.

(2) If on an application for permission referred to in 4*[clause

(aa)] of sub-section (1) accompanied by the plans and specifications
required by the rules made under clause (b) of that sub-section, sent
to the State Government or Chief Inspector by registered post, no
order is communicated to the applicant within three months from the
date on which it is so sent, the permission applied for in the said
application shall be deemed to have been granted.

(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to

grant permission to the site, construction or extension of a factory
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 3 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Clause (a) re-lettered as clause (aa) by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-
10-1976).
4. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., "clause (a)" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

39

or to the registration and licensing of a factory, the applicant may

within thirty days of the date of such refusal appeal to the Central
Government if the decision appealed from was of the State Government
and to the State Government in any other case.

Explanation.--A factory shall not be deemed to be extended within

the meaning of this section by reason only of the replacement of any
 7

plant or machinery, or within such limits as may be prescribed, of the

addition of any plant or machinery 1*[if such replacement or addition
does not reduce the minimum clear space required for safe working
around the plant or machinery or adversely affect the environmental
conditions from the evolution or emission of steam, heat or dust or
fumes injurious to health].

7.

Notice by occupier.

7. Notice by occupier. (1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen

days before he begins to occupy or use any premises as a factory, sent
to the Chief Inspector a written notice containing-

(a) the name and situation of the factory;

(b) the name and address of the occupier;

2*[(bb) the name and address of the owner of the premises or

building (including the precincts thereof) referred to
in section 93;]

(c) the address to which communications relating to the

factory may be sent;

(d) the nature of the manufacturing process-

(i) carried on in the factory during the last

twelve months in the case of factories in
existence on the date of the commencement of this
Act, and

(ii) to be carried on in the factory during

the next twelve months in the case of all
factories;

3*[(e) the total rated horse power installed or to be

installed in the factory, which shall not include the
rated horse power of any separate stand-by plant;]

(f) the name of the manage of the factory of the purposes

of this Act;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 4 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 4
3. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 5, for clause (e) (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).

40

(g) the number of workers likely to be employed in the

factory;

(h) the average number of workers per day employed during

the last twelve months in the case of factory in
existence on the date of the commencement of this Act.

(i) such other particulars as may be prescribed.

(2) In respect of all establishments which come within the scope

of the Act for the first time, the occupier shall send a written
notice to the Chief Inspector containing the particulars specified in
subsection (1) within thirty days, from the date of the commencement
of this Act.

(3) Before a factory engaged in a manufacturing process which is

ordinarily carried on for less than one hundred and eighty working
days in the year resumes working, the occupier shall send a written
notice to the Chief Inspector containing the particulars specified in
sub-section (1) 1*[at least thirty days] before the date of the
 8

commencement of work.

(4) Whenever a new manager is appointed, the occupier shall send

to the 2*[Inspector a written notice and to the Chief Inspector a Copy
thereof] within seven days from the date on which such person takes
over charges.

(5) During any period for which no person has been designated as
manager of a factory or during which the person designated does not
manage the factory, any person found acting as manage, or if no such
person is found, the occupier himself, shall be deemed to be the
manager of the factory for the purposes of this Act.

CHAP

THE INSPECTING STAFF

CHAPTER II

THE INSPECTING STAFF

7A.

General duties of the occupier.

3*[7A. General duties of the occupier. (1) Every occupier shall

ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and
welfare of all workers while they are at work in the factory.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-

section (1), the matters to which such duty extends, shall include-

(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of

work in the factory that are safe and without risks to
health;

(b) the arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and

absence of risks to health in connection with the use,
handling, storage and transport of articles and
substances;

(c) the provision of such information, instruction,

training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the
health and safety of all workers at work;

(d) the maintenance of all places of work in the factory in

a condition that is safe without risks to health and
the provision and maintenance of such means of access
to, and egress from, such places as are safe and
without such risks;

(e) the provision, maintenance or monitoring of such

working environment in the factory for the workers that
is safe, without risks to health and adequate as
regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare
at work.

(3) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier

shall prepare, and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a written
statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety
of the workers at work and the organisation and arrangements for the
time being in force for carrying out that policy, and to bring the
statement and any revision thereof to the notice of all the workers in
such manner as may be prescribed.]

7B.

General duties of manufactures, etc., as regards articles

 9

andsubstances for use in factories.

4*[7B. General duties of manufactures, etc., as regards articles

and substances for use in factories. (1) Every person who designs,
manufactures, imports or supplies any article for use in any factory
shall--

(a) ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the

article is so designed and constructed as to be safe
and without risks to the health of the workers when
properly used;

(b) carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such tests
and examination as may be considered necessary for the
effective implementation of the provisions of clause
(a);

(c) take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that

adequate information will be available-

(i) in connection with the use of the article in

any factory;

(ii) about the use for which it is designed and

tested; and

(iii) about any conditions necessary to ensure

that the article, when put to such use, will be safe,
and without risks to the health of the workers:

Provided that where an article is designed or

manufactured outside India, is shall be obligatory on the
part of the importer to see-

(a) that the article conforms to the same standards if such

article is manufactured in India, or

(b) if the standards adopted in the country outside for the

manufacture of such article is above the standards
adopted in India, that the article conforms to such
standards.

(2) Every person, who undertakes to design or manufacture any

article for use in any factory, may carry out or arrange for the
carrying out of necessary research with a view of the discovery and,
so far as is reasonably practicable, the elimination or minimisation
of any risks to the health or safety of the workers to which the
design or article may give rise.

(3) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) and (2) shall be

construed to require a person to repeat the testing, examination or
research which has been carried out otherwise than by him or at his
instance in so far as it is reasonable for him to rely on the results
thereof for the purposes of the said sub-sections.

(4) Any duty imposed on any person by sub-section (1) and (20
shall extend only to things done in the course of business carried on
by him and to matters within his control.

(5) Where a person designs, manufactures, imports or supplies an

article on the basis of a written undertaking by the user of such
article to take the steps specified in such undertaking to ensure, so
far as is reasonably practicable, that the article will be safe and
without risks to the health of the workers when properly used, the
undertaking shall have the effect of relieving the person designing,
manufacturing, importing or supplying the article from the duty
imposed by clause (a) of sub-section (1) to such extent as is
reasonable having regard to the term of the undertaking.

(6) For the purposes of this section, and article is not to be

regarded as properly used if it is used without regard to any
information or advice relating to its use which has been made
 10

available by the person who has designed, manufactured, imported or

supplied the article.

Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, "article" shall

include plant and machinery.

8.

Inspectors.

8. Inspectors. (1) The State Government may, by notification in

the Official Gazette, appoint such persons as possess the prescribed
qualification to be Inspectors for the purposes of this Act and may
assign to them such local limits as it may think fit.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 40 of 1949, s. 3 and Sch. II for "within thirty
days".
2. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 4, for "Chief Inspector a written
notice".
3. Ins. by Art 20 of 1987, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
4. Ins. by s. 4 ibid, (w.e.f. 1-06-1988).

41

(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, appoint any person to be a Chief Inspector who shall, in
addition to the powers conferred on a Chief Inspector under this Act,
exercise the powers of an Inspector throughout the State.

1*[(2A) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, appoint as many Addition Chief Inspector, Joint Chief
Inspector and Deputy Chief Inspector and as many other officers as it
thinks fit to assist the Chief Inspector and to exercise such of the
powers of the Chief Inspector as may be specified in such
notification.

(2B) Every additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector,

Deputy Chief Inspector and every other officer appointed under
subsection (2A) shall, in addition to the powers of a Chief Inspector
specified in the notification by which he is appointed, exercise the
powers of an Inspector throughout the State.]

(3) No person shall be appointed under sub-section (1), sub-

section (2) 1*[sub-section (2A)] or sub-section (5) or, having been so
appointed, shall continue to hold officer, who is or becomes directly
or indirectly interested in a factory or in any process or business
carried on therein or in any patent or machinery connected therewith.

(4) Every District Magistrate shall be an Inspector for his

district.

(5) The State Government may also, by notification as aforesaid,

appoint such public officers as it thinks fit to be additional
Inspectors for all or any of the purposes of this Act, within such
local limits as it may assign to them respectively.

(6) In any area where there are more Inspectors than one the
State Government may, by notification as aforesaid, declare the powers
which such Inspectors shall respectively exercise and the Inspector
to whom the prescribed notices are to be sent.

(7) 2*[Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint

Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief Inspector, Inspector and every other
officer appointed under this section ] shall be deemed to be a public
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 6 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Subs. by s. 6, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

42

servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code, (45 of 1860) and
 11

shall be officially subordinate to such authority as the State

Government may specify in this behalf.

9.

Powers of Inspectors.

9. Powers of Inspectors. Subject to any rules made in this

behalf, an Inspector may, within the local limits for which he is
appointed,--

(a) enter, with such assistants, being persons in the

service of the Government, or any local or other public
authority, 1*[or with an expert] as he thinks fit, any
place which is used, or which he has reason to believe
is used, as a factory;

1*[(b) make examination of the premises, plant, machinery,

article or substance;

(c) inquire into any accident or dangerous occurrence,

whether resulting in bodily injury, disability or not,
and take on the spot or otherwise statements of any
person which he may consider necessary for such
inquiry;

(d) require the production of any prescribed register or

any other document relating to the factory;

(e) seize, or take copies of, any register, record or other

document or any portion thereof, as he may consider
necessary in respect of any offence under this Act,
which he has reason to believe, has been committed;

(f) direct the occupier that any premises or any part

thereof, or anything lying therein, shall be left
disturbed (whether generally or in particular respects)
for so long as is necessary for the purpose of any
examination under clause(b);

(g) take measurements and photographs and make such

recordings as he considers necessary for the purpose of
any examination under clause (b), taking with him any
necessary instrument or equipment;

(h) in case of any article or substance found in any

premises, being an article or substance which appears
to him as having caused or is likely to cause danger to
the health or safety of the workers, direct it to the
dismantled or subject it to any process or test (but
not so as to damage or destroy it unless the same is,
in the circumstances necessary, for carrying out the
purposes of this Act), and take possession of any such
article or substance or a part thereof, and detain it
for so long as is necessary for such examination;

(i) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed.]

Provided that no person shall be compelled under this section to

answer any question or give any evidence tending to incriminate
himself.

10.

Certifying surgeons.

10. Certifying surgeons. (1) The State Government may appoint

qualified medical practitioners to be certifying surgeons for the
purposes of this Act within such local limits or for such factory or
 12

class or description of factories as it may assign to them

respectively.

(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State

Government, authorize any qualified medical practitioner to exercise
any of his powers under this Act for such period as the certifying
surgeon may specify and subject to such conditions as the State
Government may think fit to impose, and references in this Act to a
certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include references to any
qualified medical practitioner when so authorized.

(3) No person shall be appointed to be, or authorized to exercise

the powers of, a certifying surgeon, or having been so appointed or
authorized, continue to exercise such powers, who is or becomes the
occupier of a factory or is or becomes directly or indirectly
interested therein or in any process or business carried on therein or
in
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. and subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-12-87).

42A

any patent or machinery connected therewith or is otherwise in the

employ of the factory:

1*[Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing

and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order,
exempt any person or class of persons from the provisions of this sub-
section in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories.]

(4) The certifying surgeon shall carry out such duties as may be
prescribed in connection with-

(a) the examination and certification of young person under

this Act;

(b) the examination of persons engaged in factories in such

dangerous occupations or processes as may be
prescribed;

(c) the exercising of such medical supervision as may be

prescribed for any factory or class or description of
factories where--

(i) cases of illness have occurred which it

is reasonable to believe are due to the nature of
the manufacturing process carried on, or other
conditions of work prevailing, therein;

(ii) by reason of any change in the

manufacturing process carried on or in the
substances used therein or by reason of the
adoption of any new manufacturing process or of
any new substance for use in a manufacturing
process, there is a likelihood of injury to the
health of workers employed in that manufacturing
process;

(iii) young persons are, or are about to be,

employed in any work which is likely to cause
injury to their health.

Explanation.--In this section "qualified medical practitioner"

means a person holding a qualification granted by an authority
specified in the Schedule to the Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916 (7
of 1916), or in the Schedules to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933
(27 of 1933).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 7 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

42B
 13

CHAP

HEALTH

CHAPTER III

HEALTH

11.

Cleanliness.

11. Cleanliness. (1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free
from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance, and in
particular-

(a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily

by sweeping or by any other effective method from the
floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and
passages, and disposed of in a suitable manner;

(b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least

once in every week by washing, using disinfectant,
where necessary, or by some other effective method;

(c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of

any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable
of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be
provided and maintained;

(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops

of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and
staircases shall-

(i) where they are 1*[painted otherwise than

with washable water-paint] or varnished, be
repainted or revarnished at least once in every
period of five years;

2*[(ia) where they are painted with washable

water paint, be repainted with at least one coat
of such paint at least once in every period of
three years and washed at least once in every
period of six months;]

(ii) where they are painted or varnished or

where they have smooth impervious surfaces, be
cleaned at least once in every period of fourteen
months by such method as may be prescribed;

(iii) in any other case, be kept whitewashed

or colourwashed, and the whitewashing or
colourwashing shall be carried out at least once
in every period of fourteen months;

2*[(dd) all doors and window frames and other wooden or

metallic framework and shutters shall be kept painted
or varnished and the painting or varnishing shall be
carried out at least once in every period of five
years;]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 8, for the word "painted" (w.e.f. 26-
10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 8, ibid., (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

42C

(e) the dates on which the processes required by clause (d)

are carried out shall be entered in the prescribed
 14

register.

(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on 1*[in

a factory or class or description of factories or any part of a
factory or class or description of factories], it is not possible for
the occupier to comply with all or any of the provisions of sub-
section (1), the State Government may be order exempt such factory or
class or description of factories 2* [or part] from any of the
provisions of that sub-section and specify alternative methods for
keeping the factory in a clean state.

12.

Disposal of wastes and effluents.

12. Disposal of wastes and effluents. 3*[(1) Effective

arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of
wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on
therein, so as to render them innocuous and for their disposal.]

(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the

arrangements to be made under sub-section (1) or requiring that the
arrangements made in accordance with sub-section 91) shall be approved
by such authority as may be prescribed.

13.

Ventilation and temperature.

13. Ventilation and temperature. (1) Effective and suitable

provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining
in every workroom--

(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air,

and

(b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein

reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to
health;-

and in particular,-

(i) walls and roofs shall be of such material and so

designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded
but kept as low as practicable;

(ii) where the nature of the work carried on in the factory

involves, or is likely to involve, the production of
excessively high temperatures, such adequate measures
as are practicable shall be taken to protect the
workers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 8, for "in a factory" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Ins. by s. 8, ibid., (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

42D

therefrom, by separating the process which produces

such temperatures from the workroom, by insulating the
hot parts or by other effective means.

(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate

ventilation and reasonable temperature for any factory or class or
description of factories or parts thereof and direct that 1*[proper
measuring instruments, at such places and in such position as may be
specified, shall be provided and such records, as may be prescribed,
shall be maintained.]
 15

1*[(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high

temperatures in any factory can be reduced by the adoption of suitable
measures, he may, without prejudice to the rules made under sub-
section (2), serve on the occupier, an order in writing specifying the
measures which, in his opinion, should be adopted, and requiring them
to be carried out before a specified date.]

14.

Dust and fume.

14. Dust and fume. (1) In every factory in which, by reason of

the manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or
fume or other
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 6, (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

43

impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be

injurious or offensive to the workers employed therein, or any dust in
substantial quantities, effective measures shall be taken to prevent
its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any exhaust
appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near
as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or other
impurity, and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible.

(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall

be operated unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air, and no
other internal combustion engine shall be operated in any room unless
effective measures have been taken to prevent such accumulation of
fumes therefrom as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in
the room.

15.

Artificial humidification.

15. Artificial humidification. (1) In respect of all factories in

which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the State
Government may make rules,-

(a) prescribing standards of humidification;

(b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing

the humidity of the air;

(c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity

of the air to be correctly carried out and recorded;

(d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate

ventilation and cooling of the air in the workrooms.

(2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is

artificially increased, the water used for the purpose shall be taken
from a public supply, or other source of drinking water, or shall be
effectively purified before it is so used.

(3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a

factory for increasing humidity is required to be effectively purified
under sub-section (2) is not effectively purified he may serve on the
manager of the factory an order in writing, specifying the measures
which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to be
carried out before specified date.

16.
 16

Overcrowding.

16. Overcrowding. (1) No room in any factory shall be overcrowded

to an extent injurious to the health of the workers employed therein.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there

shall be in every workroom of factory in existence on the date of the
commencement of this Act at least 1*[9.9 cubic metres]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

44

and of a factory built after the commencement of this Act at

least 1*[14.2 cubic meters] of space for every worker employed
therein, and for the purposes of this sub-section no account shall be
taken of any space which is more than 1*[4.2 meters] above the level
of the floor of the room.

(3) If the Chief Inspector by order in writing so requires, there

shall be posted in each workroom of a factory a notice specifying the
maximum number of workers who may, in compliance with the provisions
of this section, be employed in the room.

(4) The chief Inspector may by order in writing exempt, subject

to such conditions, if any, as he may think fit to impose, any
workroom from the provisions of this section, if he is satisfied that
compliance therewith in respect of the rooms is unnecessary in the
interest of the health of the workers employed therein.

17.

Lighting.

Lighting. (1) In every part of a factory where workers are

working or passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient
and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both.

(2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for
the lighting of the workrooms shall be kept clean on both the inner an
outer surfaces and, so far as compliance with the provisions of any
rules made under sub-section (3) of section 13 will allow, free from
obstruction.

(3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is

practicable, be made for the prevention of-

(a) glare, either directly from a source of light or by

reflection from a smooth or polished surface;

(b) the formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause

eye-strain or the risk of accident to any worker.

(4) The State Government may prescribe standards of sufficient

and suitable lighting for factories or for any class of description of
factories or for any manufacturing process.

18.

Drinking water.

18. Drinking water. (1) In every factory effective arrangements

shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points conveniently
situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of
wholesome drinking water.

(2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a

language understood by majority of the workers employed in the
 17

----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

45

factory, and no such point shall be situated within 1*[six meters of

any washing place, urinal, latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying
sullage or effluent or any other source of contamination] unless a
shorter distance is approved in writing by the Chief Inspector.

(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed, provision shall be made for cooling
drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for
distribution thereof.

(4) In respect of all factories or any class or description of

factories the State Government may make rules for securing compliance
with the provisions of sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) and for the
examination by prescribed authorities of the supply and distribution
of drinking water in factories.

19.

Latrines and urinals.

19. Latrines and urinals. (1) In every factory--

(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of

prescribed types shall be provided conveniently
situated and accessible to workers at all times while
they at the factory;

(b) separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for

male and female workers;

(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and

ventilated, and no latrine or urinal shall, unless
specially exempted in writing by the Chief Inspector,
communicate with any workroom except through an
intervening open space or ventilated passage;

(d) all such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean

and sanitary condition at all times;

(e) sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it would

be to keep clean latrines, urinals and washing places.

(2) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed-

(a) all latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of

prescribed sanitary types;

(b) the floors and internal walls, up to a height of 2*

[ninety continents] of the latrines and urinals and the
sanitary blocks shall be laid in glazed tiles or
otherwise finished to provided a smooth polished
impervious surface;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
2. Subs. by s. 9 ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

46

(c) without prejudice to the provisions of clauses (d) and

(e) of sub-section (1), the floors, portions of the
walls and blocks so laid or finished and the sanitary
pans of latrines and urinals shall be thoroughly washed
and cleaned at least once in every seven days with
suitable detergents or disinfectants or with both.
 18

(3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines and
urinals to be provided in any factory in proportion to the numbers of
male and female workers ordinarily employed therein, and provide for
such further matters in respect of sanitation in factories, including
the obligation of workers in this regard, as it considers necessary in
the interest of the health of the workers employed therein.

20.

Spittoons.

20. Spittoons. (1) In every factory there shall be provided a

sufficient number of spittoons in convenient places and they shall be
maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and
the number of spittoons to be provided and their location in any
factory and provide for such further matters relating to their
maintenance in a clean and hygienic condition.

(3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except

in the spittoons provided for the purposes and a notice containing
this provision and the penalty for its violation shall be prominently
displayed at suitable places in the premises.

(4) Whoever spits in contravention of sub-section (3) shall be

punishable with fine not exceeding five rupees.

CHAP

SAFETY

CHAPTER IV

SAFETY

21.

Fencing of machinery.

21. Fencing of machinery. (1) In every factory the following,

namely,--

(i) every moving part of a prime mover and every flywheel

connected to a prime mover whether the prime mover or
flywheel is in the engine house or not;

(ii) the headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and

water turbine;

(iii)any part of a stock-bar which projects beyond the head

stock of a lathe; and

47

(iv) unless they are in such position or of such

construction as to be safe to every person employed in
the factory as they would be if they were securely
fenced, the following, namely,--

(a) every part of an electric generator, a

motor or rotary convertor;

(b) every part of transmission machinery; and

(c) every dangerous part of any other

machinery,
 19

shall be securely fenced by safeguards of substantial construction

which 1*[shall be constantly maintained and kept in position] while
the parts of machinery they are fencing are in motion or in use:

2*[Provided that for the purpose of determining whether any part

of machinery is in such position or is of such construction as to be
safe as aforesaid, account shall not be taken of any occasion when-

(i) it is necessary to make an examination of any part of

the machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or, as a
result of such examination, to carry out lubrication or
other adjusting operation while the machinery is in
motion, being an examination or operation which it is
necessary to be carried out while that part of the
machinery is in motion, or

(ii) in the case of any part of a transmission machinery

used in such process as may be prescribed (being a
process of a continuous nature the carrying on of which
shall be, or is likely to be, substantially interfered
with by the stoppage of that part of the machinery), it
is necessary to make an examination of such part of the
machinery while it is in motion or, as a result or such
examination, to carry out any mounting or shipping of
belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation while
the machinery is in motion,

and such examination or operation is made or carried out in accordance

with the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 22.]

(2) The State Government may be rules prescribe such further

precautions as it may consider necessary in respect of any particular
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 10 for certain words (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Subs. by s. 10 ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

48

machinery or part thereof, or exempt, subject to such condition as may

be prescribed, for securing the safety of the workers, any particular
machinery or part thereof from the provisions of this section.

22.

Work on or near machinery in motion.

22. Work on or near machinery in motion. (1) 1*[Where in any

factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery referred
to in section 21, while the machinery is in motion, or, as a result of
such examination, to carry out-

(a) in a case referred to in clause (i) of the proviso to

sub-section (1) of section 21, lubrication or other
adjusting operation; or

(b) in a case referred to in clause (ii) of the proviso

aforesaid, any mounting or shipping of belts or
lubrication or other adjusting operation,

while the machinery is in motion, such examination or operation shall

be made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker
wearing tight fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the
occupier) whose name has been recorded in the register prescribed in
this behalf and who has been furnished with a certificate of his
appointment, and while he is so engaged,--

(a) such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley

unless-
 20

(i) the belt is not more than fifteen

centimeters in width;

(ii) the pulley is normally for the purpose

of drive and not merely a fly-wheel or balance
wheel (in which case a belt is not permissible);

(iii) the belt joint is either laced or flush

with the belt;

(iv) the belt, including the joint and the

pulley rim, are in good repair;

(v) there is reasonable clearance between the

pulley and any fixed plant or structure;

(vi) secure foothold and, where necessary,

secure handhold, are provided for the operator;
and
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 11, for the opening paragraph and
clause (a) (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

49

(vii) any ladder in use for carrying out any

examination or operation aforesaid is securely
fixed or lashed or is firmly held by a second
person;]

(b) without prejudice to any other provision of this Act

relating to the fencing of machinery, every set screw,
bolt and key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or
pinion, and all spur, worm and other toothed or
friction gearing in motion with which such worker would
otherwise be liable to come into contact, shall be
securely fenced to prevent such contact.

1*[(2) No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean,

lubricate or adjust any part of a prime mover or of any transmission
machinery while the prime mover or transmission machinery is in
motion, or to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of any machine if
the cleaning, lubrication or adjustment thereof would expose the woman
or young person to risk of injury from any moving part either of that
machine or of any adjacent machinery.]

(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, prohibit, in any specified factory or class or description of
factories, the cleaning, lubricating or adjusting by any person of
specified parts of machinery when those parts are in motion.

23.

Employment of young persons on dangerous machines.

23. Employment of young persons on dangerous machines. (1) No

young person [shall be required or allowed to work] 2* at any machine
to which this section applies, unless he has been fully instructed as
to the dangers arising in connection with the machine and the
precautions to be observed and-

(a) has received sufficient training in work at the

machine, or

(b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has a

through knowledge and experience of the machine.

(2) sub-section (1) shall apply to such machines as may be

prescribed by the State Government, being machines which in its
opinion are of such a dangerous character that young person ought not
to work at them unless the foregoing requirements are complied with.
 21

----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954. s. 6.
2. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

50

24.

Striking gear and devices for cutting off power.

24. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power. (1) In every
factory-

(a) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical

appliance shall be provided and maintained and used to
move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys
which form part of the transmission machinery, and such
gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed and
maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on
to the fast pulley;

(b) driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to

rest or ride upon shafting in motion.

(2) In every factory suitable devices for cutting off power in

emergencies from running machinery shall be provided and maintained in
every work-room:

Provided that in respect of factories in operation before the

commencement of this Act, the provisions of this sub-section shall
apply only to work-rooms in which electricity is used as power.

1*[(3) When a device, which can inadvertently shift from "off" to

"on" position, is provided in a factory to cut off power, arrangements
shall be provided for locking the device in safe position to prevent
accidental starting of the transmission machinery or other machines to
which the device is fitted.]

25.

Self-acting machines.

25. Self-acting machines. No traversing part of a self-acting

machine in any factory and no material carried thereon shall, if the
space over which it runs is a space over which any person is liable to
pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed
to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of
2*[forty-five centimeters] from any fixed structure which is not part
of the machine:

Provided that the Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of
a machine installed before the commencement of this Act which does not
comply with the requirements of this section on such conditions for
ensuring safety as he may think fit to impose.

26.

Casing of new machinery.

26. Casing of new machinery. (1) In all machinery driven by power

and installed in any factory after the commencement of this Act,-

(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft,

spindle, wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or
otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 12 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
 22

2. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

50A

(b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing

which does not require frequent adjustment while in
motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so
situated as to be as safe as it would be if it were
completely encased.

(2) Whoever sells or lets on hire or, as agent of a seller or

hirer, causes or procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a
factory any machinery driven by power which does not comply with the
provisions of 1*[sub-section (1) or any rules made under sub-section
(3)], shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five hundred
rupees or with both.

2*[(3) The State Government may make rules specifying further

safeguards to be provided in respect of any other dangerous part of
any particular machine or class or description of machines.]

27.

Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-openers.

27. Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-

openers. No woman or child shall be employed in any part of a factory
for pressing cotton in which a cotton-opener is at work:

Provided that if the feed-end of a cotton-opener is in a room

separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof
or to such height as the Inspector may in any particular case specify
in writing, women and children may be employed on the side of the
partition where the feed-end is situated.

28.

Hoists and lifts.

28. Hoists and lifts. (1) In every factory-

(a) every hoist and lift shall be--

(i) of good mechanical construction, sound

material and adequate strength:

(ii) properly maintained, and shall be

thoroughly examined by a competent person at least
once in every period of six months, and a register
shall be kept containing the prescribed
particulars of every such examination;

(b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently

protected by an enclosure fitted with gates, and the
hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so
constructed as to
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 7, for "sub-section (1)".
2. Subs. by s. 7, ibid.

50B

prevent any person or thing from being trapped between

any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure
or moving part;

(c) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked

on every hoist or lift, and no load greater than such
 23

load shall be carried thereon;

(d) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying

persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side from
which access is afforded to a landing;

(e) every gate referred to in clause (b) or clause (d)

shall be fitted with interlocking or other efficient
device to secure

51

that the gate cannot be opened except when the cage is

at the landing and that the cage cannot be moved unless
the gate is closed.

(2) The following additional requirements shall apply to hoists

and lifts used for carrying persons and installed or reconstructed in
a factory after the commencement of this Act, namely:-

(a) where the cage is supported by rope or chain, there

shall be at least two ropes or chains separately
connected with the cage and balance weight, and each
rope or chain with its attachments shall be capable of
carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its
maximum load;

(b) efficient devices shall be provided and maintained

capable of supporting the cage together with its
maximum load in the event of breakage of the ropes,
chains or attachments;

(c) an efficient automatic device shall be provided and

maintained to prevent the cage from over-running.

(3) The Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a hoist
or lift installed in a factory before the commencement of this Act
which does not fully comply with the provisions of sub-section (1)
upon such conditions for ensuring safety as he may think fit to
impose.

(4) The State Government may, if in respect of any class or

description of hoist or lift, it is of opinion that it would be
unreasonable to enforce any requirement of sub-sections (1) and (2),
by order direct that such requirement shall not apply to such class or
description of hoist or lift.

1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, no lifting

machine or appliance shall be deemed to be a hoist or lift unless it
has a platform or cage, the direction or movement of which is
restricted by a guide or guides.]

29.

Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles.

2*[29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles. (1)

In any factory the following provisions shall be complied with in
respect of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and
every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or
lowering persons, goods or materials:-

(a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or

movable, of every lifting machine and every chain, rope
or lifting tackle shall be--

(i) of good construction, sound material and

adequate strength and free from defects;

(ii) properly maintained; and

---------------------------------------------------------------------
 24

1. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987)

2. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 8.

52

(iii) thoroughly examined by a competent

person at least once in every period of twelve
months, or at such intervals as the Chief
Inspector may specify in writing; and a register
shall be kept containing the prescribed
particulars of every such examination;

(b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle

shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond
the safe working load which shall be plainly marked
thereon together with an identification mark and duly
entered in the prescribed register; and where this is
not practicable, a table showing the safe working loads
of every kind and size of lifting machine or chain,
rope or lifting tackle in use shall be displayed in
prominent positions on the premises;

(c) while any person is employed or working on or near the

wheel track of a travelling crane in any place where he
would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective
measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does
not approach within 1*[six months] of that place.

(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of any lifting
machine or any chain, rope or lifting tackle used in factories-

(a) prescribing further requirements to be complied with in

addition to those set out in this section;

(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all or any

of the requirements of this section, where in its
opinion, such compliance is unnecessary or
impracticable.

(3) For the purposes of this section a lifting machine or a

chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be deemed to have been thoroughly
examined if a visual examination supplemented, if necessary, by other
means and by the dismantling of parts of the gear, has been carried
out as carefully as the conditions permit in order to arrive at a
reliable conclusion as to the safety of the parts examined.

Explanation.--In this section,--

(a) "lifting machine" means a crane, crab, which teagle

pulley block, gin wheel, transporter or runway;

1*[(b) "lifting tackle" means any chain sling, rope sling,

hook, shackle, swivel, coupling, socket, clamp, tray or
similar appliance, whether fixed or movable, used in
connection with the raising or lowering of persons, or
loads by use of lifting machines."]

30.

Revolving machinery.

30. Revolving machinery. (1) 2*[In every factory] in which the

process of grinding is carried on there shall be permanently affixed
to or placed near each
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by At 20 of 1987, s 13 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).
2. Subs. by s. 14, ibid (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

53

machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working peripheral

 25

speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft or

spindle upon which the wheel is mounted, and the diameter of the
pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe
working peripheral speed.

(2) The speeds indicated in notices under sub-section (1) shall

not be exceeded.

(3) Effective measures shall be taken in every factory to ensure

that the safe working peripheral speed of every revolving vessel,
cage, basket, flywheel, pulley, disc or similar appliance driven by
power is not exceeded.

31

Pressure plant.

31 Presssure plant. 1*[(1) If in any factory, any plant or

machinery or any part thereof is operated at a pressure above
atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that
the safe working pressure of such plant or machinery or part is not
exceeded.]

(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the
examination and testing of any plant or machinery such as is referred
to in sub-section (1) and prescribing such other safety measures in
relation thereto as may in its opinion be necessary in any factory or
class or description of factories.

2*[(3) The State Government may, by rules, exempt, subject to

such conditions as may be specified therein, any part of any plant or
machinery referred to in sub-section (1) from the provisions of this
section.]

32.

Floors, stairs and means of access.

32. Floors, stairs and means of access. In every factory--

(a) all floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall

be of sound construction and properly maintained 3*[and
shall be kept free from obstructions and substances
likely to cause persons to slip], and where it is
necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and
gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails;

(b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be

provided and maintained safe means of access to every
place at which any person is at any time required to
work;
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 15 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).
2. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 13 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

54

1*[(c) when any person has to work at a height from where

he is likely to fall, provision shall be made, so far
as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise,
to ensure the safety of the person so working.]

33.

Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc.

 26

33. Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc. (1) In every factory

every fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a
floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or
contents, is or may be a source of danger, shall be either securely
covered or securely fenced.

(2) The State Government may, by order in writing, exempt,

subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or class
or description of factories in respect of any vessel, sump, tank, pit
or opening from compliance with the provisions of this section.

34.

Excessive weights.

34. Excessive weights. (1) No person shall be employed in any

factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to
cause him injury.

(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the maximum
weights which may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult
women, adolescents and children employed in factories or in any class
or description of factories or in carrying on any specified process.

35.

Protection of eyes.

35. Protection of eyes. In respect of any such manufacturing

process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a
process which involves--

(a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments

thrown off in the course of the process, or

(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive

light,

the State Government may by rules require that effective screens or

suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons
employed on, or in the immediate vicinity of, the process.

36.

Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc.

2*[36. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc. (1) No

person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in any factory in which any
gas, fume, vapour or dust is likely to be present to such an extent as
to involve risk to persons being overcome thereby, unless it is
provided with a manhole of adequate size or other effective means of
egress.

(2) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any confined

space as is referred to in sub-section (1), until all practicable
measures have been taken to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust,
which may be present so as to bring its level within the permissible
limits and to prevent any ingress of such gas, fume, vapour or dust
and unless-

(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a competent

person, based on a test carried out by himself that the
space is reasonably free from dangerous gas, fume,
vapour or dust; or

(b) such person is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and

 27

a belt securely attached to a rope the free end of

which is held by a person outside the confined space."]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).
2. Subs. by s. 17, ibid. (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

55

36A.

Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light.

1*[36A. Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light.

In any factory--

(a) no portable electric light or any other electric

appliance of voltage exceeding twenty-four volts shall
be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space; 2*[ unless
adequate safety devices are provided] and
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976 s. 16, (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 18 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

56

(b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be

present in such chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or
other confined space, no lamp or light other than that
of flame-proof construction shall be permitted to be
used therein.]

37.

Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc.

37. Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc. (1) Where in any

factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume or vapour
of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on
ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such
explosion by--

(a) effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in

the process;

(b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust,

gas, fume or vapour;

(c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible

sources of ignition.

(2) Where in any factory the plant or machinery used in a process

such as is referred to in sub-section (1) is not so constructed as to
withstand the probable pressure which such an explosion as aforesaid
would produce, all practicable measures shall be taken to restrict the
spread and effects of the explosion by the provision in the plant or
machinery of chokes, baffles, vents or other effective appliances.

(3) Where any part of the plant or machinery in a factory

contains any explosive or inflammable gas or vapour under pressure
greater than atmospheric pressure, that part shall not be opened
except in accordance with the following provisions, namely:--

(a) before the fastening of any joint of any pipe connected

with the part or the fastening of the cover of any
opening into the part is the cover of any opening into
the part is loosened, any flow of the gas or vapour
into the part of any such pipe shall be effectively
 28

stopped by a stop-valve or other means;

(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed, all

practicable measures shall be taken to reduce the
pressure of the gas or vapour in the part of pipe to
atmospheric pressure;

(c) where any such fastening as aforesaid has been loosened

or removed effective measures shall be taken to prevent
any explosive or inflammable gas or vapour from
entering the part or pipe until the fastening has been
secured, or, as the case may be, securely replaced:

57

Provided that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply

in the case of plant or machinery installed in the open air.

(4) No plant, tank or vessel which contains or has contained any

explosive or inflammable substance shall be subjected in any factory
to any welding, brazing, soldering or cutting operation which involves
the application of heat unless adequate measures have first been taken
to remove such substance and any fumes arising therefrom or to render
such substance and fumes non-explosive or non-inflammable, and no such
substance shall be allowed to enter such plant, tank or vessel after
any such operation until the metal has cooled sufficiently to prevent
any risk of igniting the substance.

(5) The State Government may by rules exempt, subject to such

conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or class or description
of factories from compliance with all or any of the provisions of this
section.

38.

Prescautions in case of fire.

1*[38. Precautions in case of fire. (1) In every factory, all

practicable measures shall be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and
its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide and
maintain--

(a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a

fire, and

(b) the necessary equipment and facilities for

extinguishing fire.

(2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every

factory all the workers are familiar with the means of escape in case
of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be followed
in such cases.

(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any

factory or class or description of factories, requiring the measures
to be adopted to give effect to the provisions of sub-sections (1) and
(2).

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (a) of sub-

section (1) or sub-section (2), if the Chief Inspector, having regard
to the nature of the work carried on in any factory, the construction
of such factory, special risk to life or safety, or any other
circumstances, is of the opinion that the measures provided in the
factory, whether as prescribed or not, for the purposes of clause (a)
of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), are inadequate, he may, by
order in writing, require that such additional measures as he may
consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory before
such date as it specified in the order.]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 19 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
 29

59

39.

Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests

ofstability.

39. Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests

of stability. If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part
of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory
is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or
safety, he may serve on 1*[the occupier or manager or both] of the
factory an order in writing requiring him before a specified date--

(a) to furnish such drawings, specifications and other

particulars as may be necessary to determine whether
such building, ways, machinery or plant can be used
with safety, or

(b) to carry out such tests in such manner as may be

specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector of
the results thereof.

40.

Safety of buildings and machinery.

40. Safety of buildings and machinery. (1) If it appears to the

Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the
ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it
is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on 1*[the occupier
or manager or both] of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to
be carried out before a specified date.

(2) If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any building

or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a
factory involves imminent danger to human life or safety, he may serve
on 1*[the occupier or manager or both] of the factory an order in
writing prohibiting its use until it has been properly repaired or
altered.

40A.

Maintenance of buildings.

2*[40A. Maintenance of buildings. If it appears to the Inspector

that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a
state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to
the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be taken and requiring the same
to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.

40B.

Safety Officers.

40B. Safety Officers. (1) In every factory,--

(i) wherein one thousand or more workers are ordinarily

employed, or
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 18, for "the manager" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
 30

2. Ins. by s. 19, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

60

(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any

manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which
process or operation involves any risk of bodily
injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to
health, to the persons employed in the factory,

the occupier shall, if so required by the State Government by

notification in the Official Gazette, employ such number of Safety
Officers as may be specified in that notification.

(2) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of

Safety Officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the State
Government.]

41.

Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter

41. Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter. The State

Government may make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in
any class or description of factories of such further 1*[devices and
measures] for securing the safety of persons employed therein as it
may deem necessary.

CHAP

PROVISIONS RELATING TO HAZARDOUS PROCESSES

2*[CHAPTER IV A

PROVISIONS RELATING TO HAZARDOUS PROCESSES

41A.

Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees.

41A. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees. (1) The State

Government may, for purposes of advising it to consider applications
for grant of permission for the initial location of a factory
involving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such
factory, appoint a Site Appraisal Committee consisting of--

(a) the Chief Inspector of the State who shall be its

Chairman;

(b) a representative of the Central Board for the

Prevention and Control of Water Pollution appointed by
the Central Government under section 3 of the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of
1974);

(c) a representative of the Central Board for the

Prevention and Control of Air Pollution referred to in
section 3 of the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);

(d) a representative of the State Board appointed under

section 4 of the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974; (6 of 1974).

(e) a representative of the State Board for the Prevention

and Control of Air Pollution referred to in section 5
of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
 31

1981 (14 of 1981);

(f) a representative of the Department of Environment in

the State;

(g) a representative of the Meteorological Department of

the Government of India;

(h) an expert in the field of occupational health; and

(i) a representative of the Town Planning Department of the

State Government,

and not more than five other members who may be co-opted by the State
Government who shall be--

(i) a scientist having specialised knowledge of the

hazardous process which will be involved in the
factory,

(ii) a representative of the local authority within whose

jurisdiction the factory is to be established, and

(iii)not more than three other persons as deemed fit by the

State Government.

(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for

the establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and make
its recommendation to the State Government within a period of ninety
days of the receipt of such applications in the prescribed form.

(3) Where any process relates to a factory owned or controlled by

the Central Government or to a corporation or a company owned or
controlled by the Central Government, the State Government shall co-
opt in the Site Appraisal Committee a representative nominated by the
Central Government as a member of that Committee.

(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any
information from the person making an application for the
establishment or expansion of a factory involving a hazardous process.

(5) Where the State Government has granted approval to an

application for the establishment or expansion of a factory involving
a hazardous process, it shall not be necessary for an applicant to
obtain a further approval from the Central Board or the State Board
established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974 (6 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) A
Act 1981 (14 of 1981).

41B.

Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier.

41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier. (1)

The occupier of every factory involving a hazardous process shall
disclose in the manner prescribed all information regarding dangers,
including health hazards and the measures to overcome such hazards
arising from the exposure to or handling of the materials or
substances in the manufacture, transportation, storage and other
processes, to the workers employed in the factory, the Chief
Inspector, the local authority within whose jurisdiction the factory
is situate and the general public in the vicinity.

(2) The occupier shall, at the time of registering the factory

involving a hazardous process lay down a detailed policy with respect
to the health and safety of the workers employed therein and intimate
such policy to the Chief Inspector and the local authority and,
thereafter, at such intervals as may be prescribed, inform the Chief
Inspector and the local authority of any change made in the said
policy.
 32

(3) The information furnished under sub-section (1) shall include

accurate information as to the quantity, specifications and other
characteristics of wastes and the manner of their disposal.

(4) Every occupier shall, with the approval of the Chief

Inspector, draw up an on-site emergency plan and detailed disaster
control measures for his factory and make known to the workers
employed therein and to the general public living in the vicinity of
the factory the safety measures required to be taken in the event of
an accident taking place.

(5) Every occupier of a factory shall,--

(a) if such factory engaged in a hazardous process on the

commencement of the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987,
within a period of thirty days of such commencement;
and

(b) if such factory proposes to engage in a hazardous

process at any time after such commencement, within a
period of thirty days before the commencement of such
process,

inform the Chief Inspector of the nature and details of the process in
such form and in such manner as may be prescribed.

(6) Where any occupier of a factory contravenes the provisions of

sub-section (5), the licence issued under section 6 to such factory
shall, notwithstanding any penalty to which the occupier or factory
shall be subjected to under the provisions of this Act, be liable for
cancellation.

(7) The occupier of a factory involving a hazardous process

shall, with the previous approval of the Chief Inspector, lay down
measures for the handling, usage, transportation and storage of
hazardous substances inside the factory premises and publicise them in
the manner prescribed among the workers and the general public living
in the vicinity.

41C.

Specifice responsibility of the occupier in relation to

hazardoueprocesses.

41C. Specifice responsibility of the occupier in relation to

hazardoue processes. Every occupier of a factory involving any
hazardous process shall--

(a) maintain accurate and up-to-date health records or, as

the case may be, medical records, of the workers in the
factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any
other harmful substances which are manufactured,
stored, handled or transported and such records shall
be accessible to the workers subject to such conditions
as may be prescribed;

(b) appoint persons who possess qualifications and

experience in handling hazardous substances and are
competent to supervise such handling within the factory
and to provide at the working place all the necessary
facilities for protecting the workers in the manner
prescribed:

Provided that where any question arises as to the

qualifications and experience of a person so appointed,
the decision of the Chief Inspector shall be final;

(c) provide for medical examination of every worker--

(a) before such worker is assigned to a job involving

the handling of, or working with, a hazardous
 33

substance, and

(b) while continuing in such job, and after he has

ceased to work in such job, at intervals not
exceeding twelve months, in such manner as may be
prescribed.

41D.

Power of Central Government to appoint Inquiry Committee.

41D. Power of Central Government to appoint Inquiry Committee.

(1) The Central Government may, in the event of the occurrence of an
extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a hazardous
process, appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the standards of
health and safety observed in the factory with a view to finding out
the causes of any failure or neglect in the adoption of any measures
or standards prescribed for the health and safety of the workers
employed in the factory or the general public affected or likely to be
affected, due to such failure or neglect and for the prevention and
recurrence of such extraordinary situations in future in such factory
or elsewhere.

(2) The Committee appointed under sub-section (1) shall consist

of a Chairman and two other members and the terms of reference of the
Committee and the tenure of office of its member shall be such as may
be determined by the Central Government according to the requirements
of the situation.

(3) The recommendations of the Committee shall be advisory in

nature.

41E.

Emergency standards.

41E. Emergency standards. (1) Where the Central Government is

satisfied that no standards of safety have been prescribed in respect
of a hazardous process or class of hazardous processes, or where the
standards so prescribed are inadequate, it may direct the Director-
General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or any
institution specialised in matters relating to standards of safety in
hazardous processes, to lay down emergency standards for enforcement
of suitable standards in respect of such hazardous processes.

(2) The emergency standards laid down under sub-section shall,

until they are incorporated in the rules made under this be
enforceable and have the same effect as if they had been incorporated
in the rules made under this Act.

41F.

Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic sub-stances.

3*[41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic sub-

stances. (1) The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of
chemical and toxic substances in manufacturing processes (whether
hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value indicated
in the Second Schedule.

(2) The Central Government may, at any time, for the purpose of
giving effect to any scientific proof obtained from specialised
institutions or experts in the field, by notification in the Official
Gazette, make suitable changes in the said Schedule.]

41G.
 34

Workers' participation in safety management.

41G. Workers' participation in safety management. (1) The

occupier shall, in every factory where a hazardous process takes
place, or where hazardous substances are used or handled, set up a
Safety Committee consisting of equal number of representatives of
workers and management to promote cooperation between the workers and
the management in maintaining proper safety and health at work and to
review periodically the measures taken in that behalf:

Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing and

for reasons to be recorded, exempt the occupier of any factory or
class of factories from setting up such Committee.

(2) The composition of the Safety Committee, the tenure of office

of its members and their rights and duties shall be such as may be
prescribed.

41H.

Right of workers to warn about imminent danger.

41H. Right of workers to warn about imminent danger. (1) Where

the workers employed in any factory engaged in a hazardous process
have reasonable apprehension that there is a likelihood of imminent
danger to their lives or health due to any accident, they may bring
the same to the notice of the occupier, agent, manager or any other
person who is incharge of the factory or the process concerned
directly or through their representatives in the Safety Committee and
simultaneously bring the same to the notice of the Inspector.

(2) It shall be the duty of such occupier, agent, manager or the

person incharge of the factory or process to take immediate remedial
action if he is satisfied about the existence of such imminent danger
and send a report forthwith of the action taken to the nearest
Inspector.

(3) If the occupier, agent, manager or the person incharge

referred to in sub-section (2) is not satisfied about the existence of
any imminent danger as apprehended by the workers, he shall,
nevertheless, refer the matter forthwith to the nearest Inspector
whose decision on the question of the existence of such imminent
danger shall be final."]

CHAP

WELFARE

CHAPTER V

WELFARE

42.

Washing facilities.

42. Washing facilities. (1) In every factory--

(a) adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be

provided and maintained for the use of the workers
therein;

(b) separate and adequately screened facilities shall be

provided for the use of male and female workers;
 35

(c) such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and

shall be kept clean.

(2) The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class

or description of factories or of any manufacturing process, prescribe
standards of adequate and suitable facilities for washing.

43.

Facilities for storing and drying clothing.

43. Facilities for storing and drying clothing. The State

Government may, in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories, make rules requiring the provision therein of suitable
places for keeping clothing not worn during working hours and for the
drying of wet clothing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 20, for the word "devices" (w.e.f.
26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
3. Ins by s. 20, (w.e.f. 1-6-1988).

60A

44.

Facilities for sitting.

44. Facilities for sitting. (1) In every factory suitable

arrangements for sitting shall be provided and maintained for all
workers obliged to work in a standing position, in order that they may
take advantage of any opportunities for rest which may occur in the
course of their work.

(2) If, in, the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in
any factory engaged in a particular manufacturing process or working
in a particular room are able to do their work efficiently in a
sitting position, he may, by order in writing, require the occupier of
the factory to provide before a specified date such seating
arrangements as may be practicable for all workers so engaged or
working.

(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, declare that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not
apply to any specified factory or class or description of factories or
to any specified manufacturing process.

45.

First-aid appliances.

45. First-aid appliances. (1) There shall in every factory be

provided and maintained so as to be readily accessible during all
working hours first-aid boxes or cupboards equipped with the
prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or cupboards to be
provided and maintained shall not be less than one for every one
hundred and fifty workers ordinarily employed 1*[at any one time] in
the factory.

2*[(2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a

first-aid box or cupboard.

(3) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of

a separate responsible person 3*[who holds a certificate in first-aid
treatment recognised by the State Government] and who shall always be
readily available during the working hours of the factory.]
 36

4*[(4)] In every factory wherein more than five hundred workers

are 5*[ordinarily employed] there shall be provided and maintained an
ambulance room of the prescribed size, containing the prescribed
equipment and in the charge of such medical and nursing staff as may
be prescribed 6*[and those facilities shall always be made readily
available during the working hours of the factory].
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 9.
2. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for original sub-section (2).
3. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 21, for certain words (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
4. Sub-section (3) renumbered as sub-section (4) by Act 25 of 1954,
s. 9.
5. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 21, for "employed" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
6. Ins. by s. 21, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

60B

46.

Canteens.

46. Canteens. (1) The State Government may make rules requiring
that in any specified factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed, a canteen or canteens shall be
provided and maintained by the occupier for the use of the workers.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power,

such rules may provide for--

(a) the date by which such canteen shall be provided;

(b) the standards in respect of construction,

accommodation, furniture and other equipment of the
canteen;

(c) the foodstuffs to be served therein and the charges

which may be made therefor;

(d) the constitution of a managing committee for the

canteen and representation of the workers in the
management of the canteen;

1*[(dd) the items of expenditure in the running of the

canteen which are not to be taken into account in
fixing the cost of foodstuffs and which shall be borne
by the employer;]

(e) the delegation to the Chief Inspector, subject to such

conditions as may be prescribed, of the power to make
rules under clause (c).

47.

Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms.

47. Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms. (1) In every factory
wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily
employed, adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and a suitable
lunch room, with provision for drinking water, where workers can eat
meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of
the workers:

Provided that any canteen maintained in accordance with the

provisions of section 46 shall be regarded as part of the requirements
of this sub-section:

Provided further that where a lunch room exists no worker shall

 37

eat any food in the work room.

(2) The shelters or rest rooms or lunch rooms to be provided

under sub-section (1) shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated and
shall be maintained in a cool and clean condition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 22 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

60C

(3) The State Government may--

(a) prescribe the standards in respect of construction,

accommodation, furniture and other equipment of
shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms to be provided
under this section;

(b) by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any

factory or class or description of factories from the
requirements of this section.

48.

Creches.

48. Creches. (1) In every factory wherein more than 1*[thirty

women workers] are ordinarily employed there shall be provided and
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 23, for "fifty women workers" (w.e.f.
26-10-1976).

61

maintaained a suitable room or rooms for the use of children under

the age of six years of such women.

(2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall be

adequately lighted and ventilated, shall be maintained in a clean and
sanitary condition and shall be under the charge of women trained in
the care of children and infants.

(3) The State Government may make rules--

(a) prescribing the location and the standards in respect

of construction, accommodation, furniture and other
equipment of rooms to be provided under this section;

(b) requiring the provision in factories to which this

section applies of additional facilities for the care
of children belonging to women workers, including
suitable provision of facilities for washing and
changing their clothing;

(c) requiring the provision in any factory of free milk or

refreshment or both for such children;

(d) requiring that facilities shall be given in any factory

for the mothers of such children to feed them at the
necessary intervals.

49.

Welfare officers.

49. Welfare officers. (1) In every factory wherein five hundred

or more workers are ordinarily employed the occupier shall employ in
the factory such number of welfare officers as may be prescribed.

(2) The State Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications

 38

and conditions of service of officers employed under sub-section (1).

50.

Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter.

50. Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter. The State

Government may make rules--

(a) exempting, subject to compliance with such alternative

arrangements for the welfare of workers as may be
prescribed, any factory or class or description of
factories from compliance with any of the provisions of
this Chapter;

(b) requiring in any factory or class or description of

factories that representatives of the workers employed
in the factory shall be associated with the management
of the welfare arrangements of the workers.

62

CHAP

WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS

CHAPTER VI

WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS

51.

Weekly hours.

51. Weekly hours. No adult worker shall be required or allowed to

work in a factory for more than forty-eight hours in any week.

52.

Weekly holidays.

52. Weekly holidays. (1) No adult worker shall be required or

allowed to work in a factory on the first day of the week (hereinafter
referred to as the said day), unless--

(a) he has or will have a holiday for a whole day on one of

the three days immediately before or after the said
day, and

(b) the manager of the factory has, before the said day or
the substituted day under clause (a), whichever is
earlier,--

(i) delivered a notice at the office of the

Inspector of his intention to require the worker
to work on the said day and of the day which is to
be substituted, and

(ii) displayed a notice to that effect in the

factory:

Provided that no substitution shall be made which will result in

any worker working for more than ten days consecutively without a
holiday for a whole day.
 39

(2) Notices given under sub-section (1) may be cancelled by a

notice delivered at the office of the Inspector and a notice displayed
in the factory not later than the day before the said day or the
holiday to be cancelled, whichever is earlier.

(3) Where, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1),

any worker works on the said day and has had a holiday on one of the
three days immediately before it, that said day shall, for the purpose
of calculating his weekly hours of work, be included in the preceding
week.

53.

Compensatory holidays.

53. Compensatory holidays. (1) Where, as a result of the passing

of an order or the making of a rule under the provisions of this Act
exempting a factory or the workers therein from the provisions of
section 52, a worker is deprived of any of the weekly holidays for
which provision is made in sub-section (1) of that section, he shall
be allowed, within the month in which the holidays were due to him or
within the two months immediately following that month, compensatory
holidays of equal number of the holidays so lost.

63

(2) The State Government may prescribe the manner in which the
holidays for which provision is made in sub-section (1) shall be
allowed.

54.

Daily hours.

54. Daily hours. Subject to the provisions of section 51, no

adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for
more than nine hours in any day:

1*[Provided that, subject to the previous approval of the Chief

Inspector, the daily maximum specified in this section may be exceeded
in order to facilitate the change of shifts.]

55.

Intervals for rest.

55. Intervals for rest. 2*[(1)]3*[The periods of work] of adult

workers in a factory each day shall be so fixed that no period shall
exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for more than five
hours before he has had an interval for rest of at least half an hour.

4*[(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the

State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for
the reasons specified therein, exempt any factory from the provisions
of sub-section (1) so however that the total number of hours worked by
a worker without an interval does not exceed six.]

56.

Spreadover.

56. Spreadover. The periods of work of an adult worker in a

factory shall be so arranged that inclusive of his intervals for rest
under section 55, they shall not spreadover more than ten and a half
hours in any day:
 40

Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for reasons to be

specified in writing, increase the 5*[spreadover up to twelve hours].

57.

Night shifts.

57. Night shifts. Where a worker in a factory works on a shift

which extends beyond midnight,--

(a) for the purposes of sections 52 and 53, a holiday for a

whole day shall mean in his case a period of twenty-
four consecutive hours beginning when his shift ends;

(b) the following day for him shall be deemed to be the

period of twenty-four hours beginning when such shift
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Added by Act 25 of 1954, s. 10.
2. S. 55 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by s. 11,
ibid.
3. Subs. by Act 40 of 1949, s. 3 and Sch. II, for "The period".
4. Added by Act 25 of 1954, s. 11.
5. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 24, for the words "spreadover to
twelve hours" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

64

ends, and the hours he has worked after midnight

shall be counted in the previous day.

58.

Prohibition of overlapping shifts.

58. Prohibition of overlapping shifts. (1) Work shall not be

carried on in any factory by means of a system of shifts so arranged
that more than one relay of workers is engaged in work of the same
kind at the same time.

1*[(2) The State Government or subject to the control of the

State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for
the reasons specified therein, exempt on such conditions as may be
deemed expedient, any factory or class or description of factories or
any department or section of a factory or any category or description
of workers therein from the provisions of sub-section (1).]

59.

Extra wages for overtime.

59. Extra wages for overtime. (1) Where a worker works in a

factory for more than nine hours in any day or for more than forty-
eight hours in any week, he shall, in respect of overtime work, be
entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of wages.

2*[(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), "ordinary rate of

wages" means the basic wages plus such allowances, including the cash
equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to
workers of foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for the
time being entitled to, but does not include a bonus and wages for
overtime work.

(3) Where any workers in a factory are paid on a piece-rate

basis, the time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily
average of their full-time earnings for the days on which they
actually worked on the same or identical job during the month
 41

immediately preceding the calendar month during which the overtime

work was done, and such time rates shall be deemed to be the ordinary
rates of wages of those workers:

Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked in the
immediately preceding calendar month on the same or identical job, the
time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of the
earning of the worker for the days on which he actually worked in the
week in which the overtime work was done.

Explanation.--For the purposes of this sub-section in computing

the earnings for the days on which the worker actually worked such
allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 12.
2. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 25, for sub-sections (2) and (3)
(w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

65

through the concessional sale to workers of foodgrains and other

articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, shall be
included but any bonus or wages for overtime work payable in relation
to the period with reference to which the earnings are being computed
shall be excluded.]

1*[(4) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the

concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other articles shall
be computed as often as may be prescribed on the basis of the maximum
quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard
family.

Explanation 1.--"Standard family" means a family consisting of

the worker, his or her spouse and two children below the age of
fourteen years requiring in all three adult consumption units.

Explanation 2.--"Adult consumption unit" means the consumption

unit of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the consumption
unit of a female above the age of fourteen years; and that of a child
below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at the rates of .8
and .6 respectively of one adult consumption unit.

(5) The State Government may make rules prescribing-

(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the

advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a
worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be
computed; and

(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for

the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions
of this section.]

60.

Restriction on double employment.

60. Restriction on double employment. No adult worker shall be

required or allowed to work in any factory on any day on which he has
already been working in any other factory, save in such circumstances
as may be prescribed.

61.

Notice of periods of work for adults.

61. Notice of periods of work for adults. (1) There shall be

displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in accordance with
the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 108, a notice of periods
 42

of work for adults, showing clearly for every day the periods during
which adult workers may be required to work.

(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1)

shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the following provisions
of this section, and shall be such that workers working for those
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 13.

66

periods would not be working in contravention of any of the provisions

of sections, 51,52,54, 1*[55,56 and 58].

(3) Where all the adult workers in a factory are required to work
during the same periods, the manager of the factory shall fix those
periods for such workers generally.

(4) Where all the adult workers in a factory are not required to
work during the same periods, the manager of the factory shall
classify them into groups according to the nature of their work
indicating the number of workers in each group.

(5) For each group which is not required to work on a system of

shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during which
the group may be required to work.

(6) Where any group is required to work on a system of shifts and

the relays are not to be subject to predetermined periodical changes
of shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during
which each relay of the group may be required to work.

(7) Where any group is to work on a system of shifts and the

relays are to be subject to predetermined periodical changes of
shifts, the manager of the factory shall draw up a scheme of shifts
where-under the periods during which any relay of the group may be
required to work and the relay which will be working at any time of
the day shall be known for any day.

(8) The State Government may prescribe forms of the notice

required by sub-section (1) and the manner in which it shall be
maintained.

(9) In the case of a factory beginning work after the

commencement of this Act, a copy of the notice referred to in sub-
section (1) shall be sent in duplicate to the Inspector before the day
on which work is begun in the factory.

(10) Any proposed change in the system of work in any factory

which will necessitate a change in the notice referred to in sub-
section (1) shall be notified to the Inspector in duplicate before the
change is made, and except with the previous sanction of the
Inspector, no such change shall be made until one week has elapsed
since the last change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 14, for "55 and 56".

67

62.

Register of adult workers.

62. Register of adult workers. (1) The manager of every factory

shall maintain a register of adult workers, to be available to the
Inspector at all times during working hours, or when any work is being
carried on in the factory, showing--

(a) the name of each adult worker in the factory;

(b) the nature of his work;

 43

(c) the group, if any, in which he is included;

(d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he

is allotted;

(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed:

Provided that, if the Inspector is of opinion that any muster

roll or register maintained as part of the routine of a factory gives
in respect of any or all the workers in the factory the particulars
required under this section, he may, by order in writing, direct that
such muster roll or register shall to the corresponding extent be
maintained in place of, and be treated as, the register of adult
workers in that factory.

1*[(1A) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in

any factory unless his name and other particulars have been entered in
the register of adult workers.]

(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register
of adult workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained and the
period for which it shall be preserved.

63.

Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 61 and

registerunder
section 62.

63. Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 61 and

register under section 62. No adult worker shall be required or
allowed to work in any factory otherwise than in accordance with the
notice of periods of work for adults displayed in the factory and the
entries made before-hand against his name in the register of adult
workers of the factory.

64.

Power to make exempting rules.

64. Power to make exempting rules. (1) The State Government may
make rules defining the persons who hold positions of supervision or
management or are employed in a confidential position in a factory
2*[or empowering the Chief Inspector to declare any person, other than
a person defined by such rules, as a person holding position of
supervision or
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 26 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 27, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

68

management or employed in a confidential position in a factory if, in

the opinion of the Chief Inspector, such person holds such position or
is so employed], and the provisions of this Chapter, other than the
provisions of clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 66 and of the
proviso to that sub-section, shall not apply to any person so defined
1*[or declared]:

1*[Provided that any person so defined or declared shall, where

the ordinary rate of wages of such person 2*[does not exceed the wage
limit specified in sub-section (6) of section 1 of the Payment of
Wages Act, 1936, as amended from time to time] be entitled to extra
wages in respect of overtime work under section 59.]

(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of adult

workers in factories providing for the exemption, to such extent and
subject to such conditions as may be prescribed--
 44

(a) of workers engaged on urgent repairs, from the

provisions of section 51,52,54,55 and 56;

(b) of workers engaged in work in the nature of preparatory

or complementary work which must necessarily be carried
on outside the limits laid down for the general working
of the factory, from the provisions of sections 51, 54,
55 and 56;

(c) of workers engaged in work which is necessarily so

intermittent that the intervals during which they do
not work while on duty ordinarily amount to more than
the intervals for rest required by or under section 55,
from the provisions of sections 51, 54, 55 and 56;

(d) of workers engaged in any work which for technical

reasons must be carried on continuously 3*** from the
provisions of sections 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56;

(e) of workers engaged in making or supplying articles of

prime necessity which must be made or supplied every
day, from the provisions of 4*[section 51 and section
52];

(f) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which

cannot be carried on except during fixed seasons, from
the provisions of 3*[section 51, section 52 and section
54];
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 27 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 21 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
3. The word "throughout the day" omitted by Act 25 of 1954, s. 15.
4. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 27, for "section 52" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).

69

(g) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which

cannot be carried on except at times dependent on the
irregular action of natural forces, from the provisions
of sections 52 and 55;

(h) of workers engaged in engine-rooms or boiler-houses or

in attending to power-plant or transmission machinery,
from the provisions of 1*[section 51 and section 52];

2*[(i) of workers engaged in the printing of newspapers, who

are held up on account of the breakdown of machinery,
from the provisions of sections 51, 54 and 56.

Explanation.--In this clause the expression "newspapers" has

the meaning assigned to it in the Press and Registration of
Books Act, 1867 (25 of 1867);

(j) of workers engaged in the loading or unloading of

railway wagons 3*[or lorries or trucks,] from the
provisions of section 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56;]

3*[(k) of workers engaged in any work, which is notified by

the State Government in the Official Gazette as a work
of national importance, from the provisions of section
51, section 52, section 54, section 55 and section 56.]

(3) Rules made under sub-section (2) providing for any exemption
may also provide for any consequential exemption from the provisions
of section 61 which the State Government may deem to be expedient,
subject to such conditions as it may prescribe.

4*[(4) In making rules under this section, the State Government

shall not exceed, except in respect of exemption under clause (a) of
sub-section (2), the following limits of work inclusive of overtime:-
 45

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not
exceed ten;
[B
(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall
not exceed twelve hours in any one day:

Provided that the State Government may, in respect of any or all

of the categories of workers referred to in clause (d) of sub-section
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 27, for "section 52" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Added by Act 25 of 1954, s. 15.
3. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 27 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
4. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 15, for sub-section (4).

70

(2), make rules prescribing the circumstances in which, and the

conditions subject to which, the restrictions imposed by clause (i)
and clause (ii) shall not apply in order to enable a shift worker to
work the whole or part of a subsequent shift in the absence of a
worker who has failed to report for duty;

1*[(iii) the total number of hours of work in a week,

including overtime, shall not exceed sixty;]

2*[(iv) the total number of hours of overtime shall not

exceed fifty for any one quarter.

Explanation.--"Quarter" means a period of three consecutive

months beginning on the 1st of January, the 1st of April the
1st of July or the 1st of October.]

(5) Rules made under this section shall remain in force for not
more than 3*[five years].

65.

Power to make exempting orders.

65. Power to make exempting orders. (1) Where the State

Government is satisfied that, owing to the nature of the work carried
on or to other circumstances, it is unreasonable to require that the
periods of work of any adult workers in any factory or class or
description of factories should be fixed beforehand, it may, by
written order, relax or modify the provisions of section 61 in respect
of such workers therein, to such extent and in such manner as it may
think fit, and subject to such conditions as it may deem expedient to
ensure control over periods of work.

(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the State
Government, the Chief Inspector, may by written order exempt, on such
conditions as it or he may deem expedient, any or all of the adult
workers in any factory or group or class or description of factories
from any or all of the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54 and 56 on the
ground that the exemption is required to enable the factory or
factories to deal with an exceptional press of work.

4*[(3) Any exemption granted under sub-section (2) shall be

subject to the following conditions, namely:--

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not
exceed twelve;
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 27 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Cl. (iii) renumbered as cl. (iv) by s. 27, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
3. Subs. by s. 27, ibid., for "three years" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
4. Subs. by s. 28, ibid, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

70A
 46

(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall

not exceed thirteen hours in any one day;

(iii)the total number of hours of work in any week,

including overtime, shall not exceed sixty;

(iv) no worker shall be allowed to work overtime, for more

than seven days at a stretch and the total number of
hours of overtime work in any quarter shall not exceed
seventy-five.

Explanation.--In this sub-section "quarter" has the same meaning

as in sub-section (4) of section 64.]

1* * * * *

66.

Further restrictions on employment of women.

66. Further restrictions on employment of women. (1) The

provisions of this Chapter shall, in their application to women in
factories, be supplemented by the following further restrictions,
namely:--

(a) no exemption from the provisions of section 54 may be

granted in respect of any woman;

(b) no woman shall be 2*[required or allowed to work in any

factory] except between the hours of 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.

Provided that the State Government may, by notification

in the Official Gazette, in respect of 2*[any factory
or group or class or description of factories,] vary
the limits laid down in clause (b), but so that no such
variation shall authorize the employment of any woman
between the hours of 10 P.M. and 5 A.M.;

3*[(c) there shall be no change of shifts except after a

weekly holiday or any other holiday.]

(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the
exemption from the restrictions set out in sub-section (1), to such
extent and subject to such conditions as it may prescribe, of women
working in fish-curing or fish-canning factories, where the employment
of women beyond the hours specified in the said restrictions is
necessary to prevent damage to, or deterioration in, any raw material.

(3) The rules made under sub-section (2) shall remain in force
for not more than three years at a time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sub-section (4) omitted by Act 94 of 1976, s. 28 (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Subs. by s. 29, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Ins. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 17.

70B

CHAP

EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS

CHAPTER VII

EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS

67.
 47

Prohibition of employment of young children.

67. Prohibition of employment of young children. No child who has

not completed his fourteenth year shall be required or allowed to work
in any factory.

68.

Non-adult workers to carry tokens.

68. Non-adult workers to carry tokens. A child who has completed

his fourteenth year or an adolescent shall not be required or allowed
to work in any factory unless--

(a) a certificate of fitness granted with reference to him

under section 69 is in the custody of the manager of
the factory, and

(b) such child or adolescent carries while he is at work a

token giving a reference to such certificate.

69.

Certificates of fitness.

69. Certificates of fitness. (1) A certifying surgeon shall, on

the application of any young person or his parent or guardian
accompanied by a document signed by the manager of a factory that such
person will be employed therein if certified to be fit for work in a
factory, or on the application of the manager of the factory in which
any young person wishes to work, examine such person and ascertain his
fitness for work in a factory.

71

(2) The certifying surgeon, after examination, may grant to such

young person, in the prescribed form, or may renew--

(a) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as a

child, if he is satisfied that the young person has
completed his fourteenth year, that he has attained the
prescribed physical standards and that he is fit for
such work;

(b) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an

adult, if he is satisfied that the young person has
completed his fifteenth year, and is fit for a full
day's work in a factory:

Provided that unless the certifying surgeon has personal

knowledge of the place where the young person proposes to work and of
the manufacturing process in which he will be employed, he shall not
grant or renew a certificate under this sub-section until he has
examined such place.

(3) A certificate of fitness granted or renewed under sub-section

(2)--

(a) shall be valid only for a period of twelve months from

the date thereof;

(b) may be made subject to conditions in regard to the

nature of the work in which the young person may be
employed, or requiring re-examination of the young
person before the expiry of the period of twelve
months.
 48

(4) A certifying surgeon shall revoke any certificate granted or

renewed under sub-section (2) if in his opinion the holder of it is no
longer fit to work in the capacity stated therein in a factory.

(5) Where a certifying surgeon refuses to grant or renew a

certificate or a certificate of the kind requested or revokes a
certificate, he shall, if so requested by any person who could have
applied for the certificate or the renewal thereof, state his reasons
in writing for so doing.

(6) Where a certificate under this section with reference to any

young person is granted or renewed subject to such conditions as are
referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (3), the young person shall
not be required or allowed to work in any factory except in accordance
with those conditions.

(7) Any fee payable for a certificate under this section shall be
paid by the occupier and shall not be recoverable from the young
person, his parents or guardian.

72

70.

Effect of certificate of fitness granted to adolescent.

70. Effect of certificate of fitness granted to adolescent. (1)

An adolescent who has been granted a certificate of fitness to work in
a factory as an adult under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section
69, and who while at work in a factory carries a token giving
reference to the certificate, shall be deemed to be an adult for all
the purposes of Chapters VI and VIII:

1* * * * *

1*[(1A) No female adolescent or a male adolescent who has not

attained the age of seventeen years but who has been granted a
certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an adult, shall be
required or allowed to work in any factory except between 6 A.M. and 7
P.M:

Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the

Official Gazette, in respect of any factory or group or class or
description of factories,--

(i) vary the limits laid down in this sub-

section so, however, that no such section shall
authorise the employment of any female adolescent
between 10 P.M. and 5 A.M.;

(ii) grant exemption from the provisions of

this sub-section in case of serious emergency
where national interest is involved.]

(2) An adolescent who has not been granted a certificate of

fitness to work in a factory as an adult under the aforesaid clause
(b) shall, notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be a child for all
the purposes of this Act.

71.

Working hours for children.

71. Working hours for children. (1) No child shall be employed or

permitted to work, in any factory--

(a) for more than four and a half hours in any day;

2*[(b) during the night.

 49

Explanation.--For the purpose of this sub-section "night" shall

mean a period of at least twelve consecutive hours which shall include
the interval between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M.]

(2) The period of work of all children employed in a factory

shall be limited to two shifts which shall not overlap or spread over
more than five hours each; and each child shall be employed in only
one of the relays which shall not, except with the previous permission
in writing of the Chief Inspector, be changed more frequently than
once in a period of thirty days.

(3) The provisions of section 52 shall apply also to child

workers and no exemption from the provisions of that section may be
granted in respect of any child.

(4) No child shall be required or allowed to work in any factory

on any day on which he has already been working in another factory.

3*[(5) No female child shall be required or allowed to work in

any factory except between 8 A.M. and 7 P.M.]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Omitted and ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 22 (w.e.f. 1.12.87).
2. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954 s. 19.
3. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987 s. 23 (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

73

72.

Notice of periods of work for children.

72. Notice of periods of work for children. (1) There shall be

displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in which children
are employed, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2) of
section 108 a notice of periods of work for children, showing clearly
for every day the periods during which children may be required or
allowed to work.

(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1)

shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the method laid down for
adult workers in section 61, and shall be such that children working
for those periods would not be working in contravention of any of the
provisions of section 71.

(3) The provisions of sub-sections (8), (9) and (10) of section

61 shall apply also to the notice required by sub-section (1) of this
section.

73.

Register of child workers.

73. Register of child workers. (1) The manager of every factory

in which children are employed shall maintain a register of child
workers, to be available to the Inspector at all times during working
hours or when any work is being carried on in a factory, showing-

(a) the name of each child worker in the factory,

(b) the nature of his work,

(c) the group, if any, in which he is included,

(d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he

is allotted, and

(e) the number of his certificate of fitness granted under

section 69.
 50

1*[(1A) No child worker shall be required or allowed to work in

any factory unless his name and other particulars have been entered in
the register of child workers.]

(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register
of child workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained and the
period for which it shall be preserved.

74.

Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 72 and

registerunder
section 73.

74. Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 72 and

register under section 73. No child shall be employed in any factory
otherwise than in accordance with the notice of periods of work for
children displayed in the factory and the entries made beforehand
against his name in the register of child workers of the factory.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 30 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

74

75.

Power to require medical examination.

75. Power to require medical examination. Where an Inspector is

of opinion--

(a) that any person working in a factory without a

certificate of fitness is a young person, or

(b) that a young person working in a factory with a

certificate of fitness is no longer fit to work in the
capacity stated therein,--

he may serve on the manager of the factory a notice requiring that

such person or young person, as the case may be, shall be examined by
a certifying surgeon, and such person or young person shall not, if
the Inspector so directs, be employed, or permitted to work, in any
factory until he has been so examined and has been granted a
certificate of fitness or a fresh certificate of fitness, as the case
may be, under section 69, or has been certified by the certifying
surgeon examining him not to be a young person.

76.

Power to make rules.

76. Power to make rules. The State Government may make rules-

(a) prescribing the forms of certificates of fitness to be

granted under section 69, providing for the grant of
duplicates in the event of loss of the original
certificates, and fixing the fees which may be charged
for such certificates and renewals thereof and such
duplicates;

(b) prescribing the physical standards to be attained by

children and adolescents working in factories;

(c) regulating the procedure of certifying surgeons under

this Chapter;
 51

(d) specifying other duties which certifying surgeons may

be required to perform in connection with the
employment of young persons factories, and fixing the
fees which may be charged for such duties and the
persons by whom they shall be payable.

77.

Certain other provisions of law not barred.

77. Certain other provisions of law not barred. The provisions of

this Chapter shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the
provisions of the Employment of Children Act, 1938. (26 of 1938).

CHAP

ANNUAL LEAVE WITH WAGES

1*[CHAPTER VIII

ANNUAL LEAVE WITH WAGES

78.

Application of Chapter.

78. Application of Chapter. (1) The provisions of this Chapter

shall not operate to the prejudice of any right to which a worker may
be entitled under any
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 20, for the former Ch. VIII.

75

other law or under the terms of any award, 1*[agreement (including

settlement)] or contract of service:

2*[Provided that if such award, agreement (including settlement)

or contract of service provides for a longer annual leave with wages
than provided in this Chapter, the quantum of leave, which the worker
shall be entitled to, shall be in accordance with such award,
agreement or contract of service, but in relation to matters not
provided for in such award, agreement or contract of service or
matters which are provided for less favourably therein, the provisions
of sections 79 to 82, so far as may be, shall apply.]

(2) The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to workers

3*[in any factory] of any railway administered by the Government, who
are governed by leave rules approved by the Central Government.

79.

Annual leave with wages.

79. Annual leave with wages. (1) Every worker who has worked for
a period of 240 days or more in a factory during a calendar year shall
be allowed during the subsequent calendar year, leave with wages for a
number of days calculated at the rate of--

(i) if an adult, one day for every twenty days of work

performed by him during the previous calendar year;

(ii) if a child, one day for every fifteen days of work

performed by him during the previous calendar year.
 52

Explanation 1.--For the purpose of this sub-section-

(a) any days of lay off, by agreement or contract or as

permissible under the standing orders;

(b) in the case of a female worker, maternity leave for any

number of days not exceeding twelve weeks; and

(c) the leave earned in the year prior to that in which the
leave is enjoyed;

shall be deemed to be days on which the worker has worked in a factory

for the purpose of computation of the period of 240 days or more, but
he shall not earn leave for these days.

Explanation 2.--The leave admissible under this sub-section shall

be exclusive of all holidays whether occurring during or at either end
of the period of leave.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 31, for "agreement" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Subs. by s. 31, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Subs. by s. 31, ibid., for "in any workshop" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

76

(2) A worker whose service commences otherwise than on the first

day of January shall be entitled to leave with wages at the rate laid
down in clause (i) or, as the case may be, clause (ii) of sub-section
(1) if he has worked for two-thirds of the total number of days in the
remainder of the calendar year.

1*[(3) If a worker is discharged or dismissed from service or

quits his employment or is superannuated or dies while in service,
during the course of the calendar year, he or his heir or nominee, as
the case may be, shall be entitled to wages in lieu of the quantum of
leave to which he was entitled immediately before his discharge,
dismissal, quitting of employment, superannuation or death calculated
at the rates specified in sub-section (1), even if he had not worked
for the entire period specified in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2)
making him eligible to avail of such leave, and such payment shall be
made--

(i) where the worker is discharged or dismissed or quits

employment, before the expiry of the second working day
from the date of such discharge, dismissal or quitting;
and

(ii) where the worker is superannuated or dies while in

service, before the expiry of two months from the date
of such superannuation or death.]

(4) In calculating leave under this section, fraction of leave of

half a day or more shall be treated as one full day's leave, and
fraction of less than half a day shall be omitted.

(5) If a worker does not in any one calendar year take the whole
of the leave allowed to him under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2),
as the case may be, any leave not taken by him shall be added to the
leave to be allowed to him in the succeeding calendar year:

Provided that the total number of days of leave that may be

carried forward to a succeeding year shall not exceed thirty in the
case of an adult or forty in the case of a child:

Provided further that a worker, who has applied for leave with
wages but has not been given such leave in accordance with any scheme
laid down in sub-sections (8) and (9) 2*[or in contravention of
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 32, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 26-
10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 32, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
 53

77

sub-section (10)] shall be entitled to carry forward the 1*[leave

refused] without any limit.

(6) A worker may at any time apply in writing to the manager of a

factory not less than fifteen days before the date on which he wishes
his leave to begin, to take all the leave or any portion thereof
allowable to him during the calendar year:

Provided that the application shall be made not less than thirty
days before the date on which the worker wishes his leave to begin, if
he is employed in a public utility service as defined in clause (n) of
section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: (14 of 1947.)

Provided further that the number of times in which leave may be

taken during any year shall not exceed three.

(7) If a worker wants to avail himself of the leave with wages

due to him to cover a period of illness, he shall be granted such
leave even if the application for leave is not made within the time
specified in sub-section (6); and in such a case wages as admissible
under section 81 shall be paid not later than fifteen days, or in the
case of a public utility service not later than thirty days from the
date of the application for leave.

(8) For the purpose of ensuring the continuity of work, the

occupier or manager of the factory, in agreement with the Works
Committee of the factory constituted under section 3 of the Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), or a similar Committee constituted
under any other Act or if there is no such Works Committee or a
similar Committee in the factory, in agreement with the
representatives of the workers therein chosen in the prescribed
manner, may lodge with the Chief Inspector a scheme in writing whereby
the grant of leave allowable under this section may be regulated.

(9) A scheme lodged under sub-section (8) shall be displayed at

some conspicuous and convenient places in the factory and shall be in
force for a period of twelve months from the date on which it comes
into force, and may thereafter be renewed with or without modification
for a further period of twelve months at a time, by the manager in
agreement with the Works Committee or a similar Committee, or as the
case may be, in agreement with the representatives of the workers as
specified in sub-section (8), and a notice of renewal shall be sent to
the Chief Inspector before it is renewed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 32, for "unavailed leave" (w.e.f. 26-
10-1976).

78

(10) An application for leave which does not contravene the

provisions of sub-section (6) shall not be refused, unless refusal is
in accordance with the scheme for the time being in operation under
sub-sections (8) and (9).

(11) If the employment of a worker who is entitled to leave under

sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), as the case may be, is terminated
by the occupier before he has taken the entire leave to which he is
entitled, or if having applied for and having not been granted such
leave, the worker quits his employment before he has taken the leave,
the occupier of the factory shall pay him the amount payable under
section 80 in respect of the leave not taken, and such payment shall
be made, where the employment of the worker is terminated by the
occupier, before the expiry of the second working day after such
termination, and where a worker who quits his employment, on or before
the next pay day.

(12) The unavailed leave of a worker shall not be taken into

consideration in computing the period of any notice required to be
given before discharge or dismissal.
 54

80.

Wages during leave period.

80. Wages during leave period. (1) For the leave allowed to him
under 1*[section 78 or section 79, as the case may be,] a worker
2*[shall be entitled to wages] at a rate equal to the daily average of
his total full time earnings for the days on which 3*[he actually
worked] during the month immediately preceding his leave, exclusive of
any overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness allowance and the
cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional
sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles.

3*[Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked on

any day during the calendar month immediately preceding his leave, he
shall be paid at a rate equal to the daily average of his total full
time earnings for the days on which he actually worked during the last
calendar month preceding his leave, in which he actually worked,
exclusive of any overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness
allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through
the concessional sale to the workers of foodgrains and other
articles.]

(2) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the

concessional sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles shall
be computed as often as may be prescribed, on the basis of the maximum
quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard
family.

Explanation 1.--"Standard family" means a family consisting of a

worker, his or her spouse and two children below the age of fourteen
years requiring in all three adult consumption units.

Explanation 2.--"Adult consumption unit" means the consumption

unit of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the consumption
unit of a female above the age of fourteen years and that
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 33, for "section 79" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Subs. & Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 24 (w.e.f. 1-12-87).
3. Subs. by Act 94 of 19 s. 33, for "he worked" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

79

of a child below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at the

rates of .8 and .6 respectively of one adult consumption unit.

(3) The State Government may make rules prescribing--

(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the

advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a
worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be
computed; and

(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for

the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions
of this section.

81.

Payment in advance in certain cases.

81. Payment in advance in certain cases. A worker who has been

allowed leave for not less than four days, in the case of an adult,
and five days, in the case of a child shall, before his leave begins,
be paid the wages due for the period of the leave allowed.

82.
 55

Mode of recovery of unpaid wages.

82. Mode of recovery of unpaid wages. Any sum required to be paid

by an employer, under this Chapter but not paid by him shall be
recoverable as delayed wages under the provisions of the Payment of
Wages Act 1936 (4 of 1936),

83.

Power to make rules.

83. Power to make rules. The State Government may make rules
directing managers of factories to keep registers containing such
particulars as may be prescribed and requiring the registers to be
made available for examination by Inspectors.

84.

Power to exempt factories.

84. Power to exempt factories. Where the State Government is

satisfied that the leave rules applicable to workers in a factory
provide benefits which in its opinion are not less favourable than
those for which this Chapter makes provision it may, by written order,
exempt the factory from all or any of the provisions of this Chapter
subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order.

1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, in deciding

whether the benefits which are provided for by any leave rules are
less favourable than those for which this Chapter makes provision, or
not, the totality of the benefits shall be taken into account.]

CHAP

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER IX

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

85.

Power to apply the Act to certain premises.

85. Power to apply the Act to certain premises. (1) The State
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that
all or any of the provisions of this Act shall apply to any place
wherein a manufacturing process is carried on with
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 34 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

80

or without the aid of power or is so ordinarily carried on,

notwithstanding that--

(i) the number of persons employed therein is less than

ten, if working with the aid of power and less than
twenty if working without the aid of power, or

(ii) the persons working therein are not employed by the

owner thereof but are working with the permission of,
or under agreement with, such owner:
 56

Provided that the manufacturing process is not being carried on

by the owner only with the aid of his family.

(2) After a place is so declared, it shall be deemed to be a

factory for the purposes of this Act, and the owner shall be deemed to
be the occupier, and any person working therein, a worker.

Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, "owner" shall

include a lessee or mortgagee with possession of the premises.

86.

Power to exempt public institutions.

86. Power to exempt public institutions. The State Government may

exempt, subject to such conditions as it may consider necessary, any
workshop or workplace where a manufacturing process is carried on and
which is attached to a public institution maintained for the purposes
of education, 1*[training, research] or reformation, from all or any
of the provisions of this Act:

Provided that no exemption shall be granted from the provisions

relating to hours of work and holidays, unless the persons having the
control of the institution submit, for the approval of the State
Government, a scheme for the regulation of the hours of employment,
intervals for meals, and holidays of the persons employed in or
attending the institution or who are inmates of the institution, and
the State Government is satisfied that the provisions of the scheme
are not less favourable than the corresponding provisions of this Act.

87.

Dangerous operations.

87. Dangerous operations. Where the State Government is of

opinion that any 2*[manufacturing process or operation] carried on is
a factory exposes any persons employed in it to a serious risk of
bodily injury, poisoning or
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 35, for "training" (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
2. Subs. by s. 36, ibid., for "operation" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

81

disease, it may make rules applicable to any factory or class or

description of factories in which the 1*[manufacturing process or
operation] is carried on--

(a) specifying the 1*[manufacturing process or operation]

and declaring it to be dangerous;

(b) prohibiting or restricting the employment of women,

adolescents or children in the 1*[manufacturing process
or operation];

(c) providing for the periodical medical examination of

persons employed, or seeking to be employed, in the
1*[manufacturing process or operation], and prohibiting
the employment of persons not certified as fit for such
employment 2*[and requiring the payment by the occupier
of the factory of fees for such medical examination];

(d) providing for the protection of all persons employed in

the 1*[manufacturing process or operation] or in the
vicinity of the places where it is carried on;

(e) prohibiting, restricting or controlling the use of any

 57

specified materials or processes in connection with the

1*[manufacturing process or operation];

2*[(f) requiring the provision of additional welfare

amenities and sanitary facilities and the supply of
protective equipment and clothing, and laying down the
standards thereof, having regard to the dangerous
nature of the manufacturing process or operation;

3* * * * *

87A.

Power to prohibit employment on account of serious hazard.

4*[87A. Power to prohibit employment on account of serious

hazard. (1) Where it appears to the Inspector that conditions in a
factory or part thereof are such the they may cause serious hazard by
way of injury or death to the persons employed therein or to the
general public in the vicinity, he may, by order in writing to the
occupier of the factory, state the particulars in respect of which he
considers the factory or part thereof to be the cause of such serious
hazard and prohibit such occupier from employing any person in the
factory or any part thereof other than the minimum number of persons
necessary to attend to the minimum tasks till the hazard is removed.

(2) Any order issued by the Inspector under sub-section (1) shall
have effect for a period of three days until extended by the Chief
Inspector by a subsequent order.

(3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Inspector under sub-

section (1), and the Chief Inspector under sub-section (2), shall have
the right to appeal to the High Court.

(4) Any person whose employment has been affected by an order

issued under sub-section (1), shall be entitled to wages and other
benefits and it shall be the duty of the occupier to provide
alternative employment to him wherever possible and in the manner
prescribed.

(5) The provisions of sub-section (4) shall be without prejudice

to the rights of the parties under the Industrial Disputes Act,
1947 (14 of 1947).

88.

Notice of certain accidents.

88. Notice of certain accidents. 5*[(1)] Where in any factory an

accident occurs which causes death, or which causes any bodily injury
by reason of which the
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 36, "operation" (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 36, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Omitted by Act 20 of 1987, s. 25 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
4. Ins. by s. 26, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
5. S. 88 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act
94 of 1976. s. 37, (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

82

person injured is prevented from working for a period of forty-eight

hours or more immediately following the accident, or which is of such
nature as may be prescribed in this behalf, the manager of the factory
shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in such form and
within such time, as may be prescribed.

1*[(2) Where a notice given under sub-section (1) relates to an

accident causing death, the authority to whom the notice is sent shall
 58

make an inquiry into the occurrence within one month of the receipt of
the notice or, if such authority is not the Inspector, cause the
Inspector to make an inquiry within the said period.

(3) The State Government may make rules for regulating the
procedure at inquiries under this section.]

88A.

Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.

2*[88A. Notice of certain dangerous occurrences. Where in a

factory any dangerous occurrence of such nature as may be prescribed
occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or disability or not, the
manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities,
and in such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.]

89.

Notice of certain diseases.

89. Notice of certain diseases. (1) Where any worker in a factory

contracts any disease specified in 3*[the third Schedule], the manager
of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in
such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.

(2) If any medical practitioner attends on a person who is or has

been employed in a factory, and who is or is believed by the medical
practitioner to be, suffering from any disease specified in 3*[the
third Schedule], the medical practitioner shall without delay send a
report in writing to the office of the Chief Inspector stating--

(a) the name and full postal address of the patient,

(b) the disease from which he believes the patient to be

suffering, and

(c) the name and address of the factory in which the

patient is, or was last, employed.

(3) Where the report under sub-seciton (2) is confirmed to the

satisfaction of the Chief Inspector, by the certificate of a
certifying surgeon or otherwise, that the person is suffering from a
disease specified in 3*[the Third Schedule], he shall pay to the
medical practitioner
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 37 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
2. Ins. by s. 38, ibid. (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

83

such fee as may be prescribed, and the fee so paid shall be

recoverable as an arrear of land-revenue from the occupier of the
factory in which the person contracted the disease.

(4) If any medical practitioner fails to comply with the

provisions of sub-section (2), he shall be punishable with fine which
may extend to 1*[one thousand-rupees].

2*[(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the

Official Gazette, add to or alter the Third Schedule and any such
addition or alteration shall have effect as if it had been made by
this Act.]

90.

Power to direct enquiry into cases of accident or disease.

 59

90. Power to direct enquiry into cases of accident or disease.

(1) The State Government may, if it considers it expedient so to do,
appoint a competent person to inquire into the causes of any accident
occurring in a factory or into any case where a disease specified in
2*[the Third Schedule] has been, or is suspected to have been,
contracted in a factory, and may also appoint one or more persons
possessing legal or special knowledge to act as assessors in such
inquiry.

(2) The person appointed to hold an inquiry under this section

shall have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), for the purposes of enforcing the
attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents and
material objects, and may also, so far as may be necessary for the
purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of the powers of an Inspector
under this Act; and every person required by the person making the
inquiry to furnish any information shall be deemed to be legally bound
so to do within the meaning of section 176 of the Indian Penal Code
(45 of 1860).

(3) The person holding an inquiry under this section shall make a
report to the State Government stating the causes of the accident, or
as the case may be, disease, and any attendant circumstances, and
adding any observations which he or any of the assessors may think fit
to make.

(4) The State Government may, if it thinks fit, cause to be

published any report made under this section or any extracts
therefrom.

(5) The State Government may make rules for regulating the
procedure at inquiries under this section.

91.

Power to take samples.

91. Power to take samples. (1) An Inspector may at any time

during the normal working hours of a factory, after informing the
occupier or manager of the factory or other person for the time being
purporting to be in charge of the factory, take in the manner
hereinafter provided a sufficient sample of any substance used or
intended to be used in the factory, such use being--

(a) in the belief of the Inspector in contravention of any

of
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. and added by Act 20 of 1987, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
2. Subs. by s. 28, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

84

the provisions of this Act or the rules made

thereunder, or

(b) in the opinion of the Inspector likely to cause bodily

injury to, or injury to the health or, workers in the
factory.

(2) Where the Inspector takes a sample under sub-section (1), he

shall, in the presence of the person informed under that sub-section
unless such person wilfully absents himself, divide the sample into
three portions and effectively seal and suitably mark them, and shall
permit such person to add his own seal and mark thereto.

(3) The person informed as aforesaid shall, if the Inspector so

requires, provide the appliances for dividing, sealing and marking the
sample taken under this section.
 60

(4) The Inspector shall--

(a) forthwith give one portion of the sample to the person

informed under sub-section (1);

(b) forthwith send the second portion to a Government

Analyst for analysis and report thereon;

(c) retain the third portion for production to the Court

before which proceedings, if any, are instituted in
respect of the substance.

(5) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of any

Government Analyst upon any substance submitted to him for analysis
and report under this section, may be used as evidence in any
proceedings instituted in respect of the substance.

91A.

Safety and occupational health surveys.

1*[91A. Safety and occupational health surveys. (1) The Chief

Inspector, or the Director General of Factory Advice Service and
Labour Institutes, or the Director General of Health Services, to the
Government of India, or such other officer as may be authorised in
this behalf by the State Government or the Chief Inspector or the
Director General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or
the Director General of Health Services may, at any time during the
normal working hours of a factory, or at any other time as is found by
him to be necessary, after giving notice in writing to the occupier or
manager of the factory or any other person who for the time being
purports to be in charge of the factory, undertake safety and
occupational health surveys and such occupier or
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 39 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

85

manager or other person shall afford all facilities for such survey,
including facilities for the examination and testing of plant and
machinery and collection of samples and other data relevant to the
survey.

(2) For the purpose of facilitating surveys under sub-section (1)

every worker shall, if so required by the person conducting the
survey, present himself to undergo such medical examination as may be
considered necessary by such person and furnish all information in his
possession and relevant to the survey.

(3) Any time spent by a worker for undergoing medical examination

or furnishing information under sub-section (2) shall, for the purpose
of calculating wages and extra wages for overtime work, be deemed to
be time during which such worker worked in the factory.]

1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, the report, if

any, submitted to the State Government by the person conducting the
survey under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a report submitted
by an Inspector under this Act.

CHAP

PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE

CHAPTER X

PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE

92.
 61

General penalty for offences.

92. General penalty for offences. Save as is otherwise expressly

provided in this Act and subject to the provisions of section 93, if
in, or in respect of, any factory there is any contravention of any of
the provisions of this Act or of any rules made thereunder or of any
order in writing given thereunder, the occupier and manager of the
factory shall each be guilty of an offence and punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2*[two years] or with fine
which may extend to 2*[one lakh rupees] or with both, and if the
contravention is continued after conviction, with a further fine which
may extend to 2*[one thousand rupees] for each day on which the
contravention is so continued:

3*[Provided that where contravention of any of the provisions of

Chapter IV or any rule made thereunder section 87 has resulted in an
accident causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be
less than 2*[twenty five thousand] in the case of an accident causing
death, and 2*[five thousand rupees] in the case of an accident causing
serious bodily injury.

Explanation.--In this section and in section 94 "serious bodily

injury" means an injury which involves, or in all probability will
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 29 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987)
2. Subs. by s. 30, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
3. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976 s. 40, (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

86

involve, the permanent loss of the use of, or permanent injury to, any
limb or the permanent loss of, or injury to, sight or hearing, or the
fracture of any bone, but shall not include, the fracture of bone or
joint (not being fracture of more than one bone or joint) of any
phalanges of the hand or foot.]

93.

Liability of owner of premises in certain circumstances.

1*[93. Liability of owner of premises in certain circumstances.

(1) Where in any premises separate buildings are leased to different
occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the premises
shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of common
facilities and services, such as approach roads, drainage, water
supply, lighting and sanitation.

(2) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the premises
in respect of the carrying out of the provisions of sub-section (1).

(3) Where in any premises, independent or self-contained, floors

or flats are leased to different occupiers for use as separate
factories, the owner of the premises shall be liable as if he were the
occupier or manager of a factory, for any contravention of the
provisions of this Act in respect of--

(i) latrines, urinals and washing facilities in so far as

the maintenance of the common supply of water for these
purposes is concerned;

(ii) fencing of machinery and plant belonging to the owner

and not specifically entrusted to the custody or use of
an occupier;

(iii)safe means of access to the floors or flats and

maintenance and cleanliness of stair cases and common
 62

passages;

(iv) precautions in case of fire;

(v) maintenance of hoists and lifts; and

(vi) maintenance of any other common facilities provided in

the premises.

(4) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the premises
in respect of the carrying out the provisions of sub-section (3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1954, s. 21.

87

(5) The provisions of sub-section (3) relating to the liability

of the owner shall apply where in any premises independent rooms with
common latrines, urinals and washing facilities are leased to
different occupiers for use as separate factories:

Provided that the owner shall be responsible also for complying

with the requirements relating to the provision and maintenance of
latrines, urinals and washing facilities.

(6) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, the power to issue orders to the owner of the
premises referred to in sub-section (5) in respect of the carrying out
of the provisions of section 46 or section 48.

(7) Where in any premises portions of a room or a shed are leased

to different occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the
premises shall be liable for any contravention of the provisions of-

(i) Chapter III, except sections 14 and 15;

(ii) Chapter IV, except sections 22, 23, 27, 34, 35 and 36:

Provided that in respect of the provisions of sections

21, 24 and 32 and owner's liability shall be only in so
far as such provisions relate to things under his
control:

Provided further that the occupier shall be responsible

for complying with the provisions of Chapter IV in
respect of plant and machinery belonging to or supplied
by him;

(iii)section 42.

(8) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the premises
in respect of the carrying out the provisions of sub-section (7).

(9) In respect of sub-sections (5) and (7), while computing for

the purposes of any of the provisions of this Act the total number of
workers employed, the whole of the premises shall be deemed to be a
single factory.]

94.

Enhanced penalty after previous conviction.

94. Enhanced penalty after previous conviction. 1*[(1)] If any

person who has been convicted of any offence punishable under section
92 is again guilty of an offence involving a contravention of the same
provision, he shall be punishable on a subsequent conviction with
imprisonment for a term which may
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. S. 94 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act 94 of
 63

1976, s. 41 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).

88

extend to 1*[three years] or with fine 2*[which shall not be less

than] 1*[ten thousand rupees] but which may extend to 1*[two lakh
rupees] or with both:

3*[Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special
reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a fine of less than
1*[ten thousand rupees].

Provided further that where contravention of any of the

provisions of Chapter IV or any rule made thereunder or under section
87 has resulted in an accident causing death or serious bodily injury,
the fine shall not be less than 1*[thirty five thousand rupees] in the
case of an accident causing death and 1*[ten thousand rupees] in the
case of an accident causing serious bodily injury.]

4*[(2)] For the purposes of sub-section (1), no cognizance shall

be taken of any conviction made more than two years before the
commission of the offence for which the person is subsequently being
convicted.]

95.

Penalty for obstructing Inspector.

95. Penalty for obstructing Inspector. Whoever wilfully obstructs

an Inspector in the exercise of any power conferred on him by or under
this Act, or fails to produce on demand by an Inspector any registers
or other documents in his custody kept in pursuance of this Act or of
any rules made thereunder, or conceals or prevents any worker in a
factory from appearing before, or being examined by, an Inspector,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
5*[six months] or with fine which may extend to 5*[ten thousand
rupees] or with both.

96.

Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of analysis under

section91.

96. Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of analysis under

section 91. Whoever, except in so far as it may be necessary for the
purposes of a prosecution for any offence punishable under this Act,
publishes or discloses to any person the results of an analysis made
under section 91, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to 6*[six months] or with fine which may extend to
6*[ten thousand rupees] or with both.

96A.

Penalty for contravention of the provisions of sections 41B, 41C

and41H.

7*[96A. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of sections

41B, 41C and 41H. (1) Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any
of the provisions of sections 41B, 41C or 41H or the rules made
thereunder, shall, in respect of such failure or contravention, be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven
years and with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, and in case
the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine which may
extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such failure
or contravention continues after the conviction for the first such
failure or contravention.
 64

(2) If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-section

(1) continues beyond a period of one year after the date of
conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a
term which may extend to ten years.

97.

Offences by workers.

97. Offences by workers. (1) Subject to the provisions of section

111, if any worker employed in a factory contravenes any provision of
this Act or any rules or orders made thereunder, imposing any duty or
liability on workers, he shall be punishable with fine which may
extend to 8*[five hundred rupees].
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
2. Subs. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 41, for certain words (w.e.f. 26-10-
1976).
3. Subs. by s. 41, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
4. Ins. by s. 41, ibid.(w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
5. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987 s. 32, (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
6. Subs. by s. 33, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
7. Ins. by s. 34, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
8. Subs. s. 35, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

88A

(2) Where a worker is convicted of an offence punishable under

sub-section (1), the occupier or manager of the factory shall not be
deemed to be guilty of an offence in respect of that contravention,
unless it is proved that he failed to take all reasonable measures for
its prevention.

98.

Penalty for using false certificate of fitness.

98. Penalty for using false certificate of fitness. Whoever

knowingly uses or attempts to use, as a certificate of fitness granted
to himself under section 70, a certificate granted to another person
under that section, or who, having procured such a certificate,
knowingly allows it to be used, or an attempt to use it to be made, by
another person, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may extend to 1*[two month] or with fine which may extend to 1*[one
thousand rupees] or with both.

99.

Penalty for permitting double employment of child.

99. Penalty for permitting double employment of child. If a child

works in a factory on any day on which he has already been working in
another factory, the parent or guardian of the child or the person
having custody of or control over him or obtaining any direct benefit
from his wages, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to
2*[one thousand rupees] unless it appears to the Court that the child
so worked without the consent or connivance of such parent, guardian
or person.

3* * * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Subs. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 36 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
2. Subs. by. s. 37, ibid (w.e.f. 1-2-1987)
3. Omitted by s. 38, ibid (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

88B
 65

101.

Exemption of occupier or manager from liability in certain cases.

101. Exemption of occupier or manager from liability in certain

cases. Where the occupier or manager of a factory is charged with an
offence punishable under this Act, he shall be entitled, upon
complaint duly made by him and on giving to the prosecutor not less
than three clear days' notice in writing of his intention so to do, to
have any other person whom he charges as the actual offender brought
before the Court at the time appointed for hearing the charge; and if,
after the commission of the offence has been proved, the occupier or
manager of the factory, as the case may be, proves to the satisfaction
of the Court--

(a) that he has used due diligence to enforce the execution

of this Act, and

(b) that the said other person committed the offence in

question without his knowledge, consent or connivance,-
-

that other person shall be convicted of the offence and shall be

liable to the like punishment as if he were the occupier or manager of
the factory, and the occupier or manager, as the case may be, shall be
discharged from any liability under this Act in respect of such
offence:

Provided that in seeking to prove as aforesaid, the occupier or

manager of the factory, as the case may be, may be examined on oath,
and his evidence and that of any witness whom he calls in his
---------------------------------------------------------------------
88C

support shall be subject to cross-examination on behalf of the person

he charges as the actual offender and by the prosecutor:

Provided further that, if the person charged as the actual

offender by the occupier or manager cannot be brought before the Court
at the time appointed for hearing the charge, the Court shall adjourn
the hearing from time to time for a period not exceeding three months
and if by the end of the said period the person charged as the actual
offender cannot still be brought before the Court, the Court shall
proceed to hear the charge against the occupier or manager and shall,
if the offence be proved, convict the occupier or manager.

102.

Power of Court to make orders.

102. Power of Court to make orders. (1) Where the occupier or

manager of a factory is convicted of an offence punishable under this
Act the Court may, in addition to awarding any punishment, by order in
writing require him, with-in a period specified in the order (which
the Court may, if it thinks fit and on application in such behalf,
from time to time extend) to take such measures as may be so specified
for remedying the matters in respect of which the offence was
committed.

(2) Where an order is made under sub-section (1), the occupier or

manager of the factory, as the case may be, shall not be liable under
this Act in respect of the continuation of the offence during the
period or extended period, if any, allowed by the Court, but if, on
the expiry of such period or extended period, as the case may be, the
order of the Court has not been fully complied with, the occupier or
manager, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have committed a
further offence, and may be sentenced therefor by the Court to undergo
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or to pay a
fine which may extend to one hundred rupees for every day after such
 66

expiry on which the order has not been complied with, or both to
undergo such imprisonment and to pay such fine, as aforesaid.

103.

Presumption as to employment.

103. Presumption as to employment. If a person is found in a

factory at any time, except during intervals for meals or rest, when
work is going on or the machinery is in motion, he shall until the
contrary is proved, be deemed for the purposes of this Act and the
rules made thereunder to have been at that time employed in the
factory.

104.

Onus as to age.

104. Onus as to age. (1) When any act or omission would, if a

person were under a certain age, be an offence punishable under this
Act, and such person is in the opinion of the Court prima facie under
such age, the burden shall be on the accused to prove that such person
is not under such age.

88D

(2) A declaration in writing by a certifying surgeon relating to

a worker that he has personally examined him and believes him to be
under the age stated in such declaration shall, for the purposes of
this Act and the rules made thereunder, be admissible as evidence of
the age of that worker.

104A

Onus of proving limits of what is practicable, etc.

1*[104A. Onus of proving limits of what is practicable, etc. In

any proceeding for an offence for the contravention of any provision
of this Act of rules made thereunder consisting of a failure to comply
with a duty or requirement to do something, it shall be for the person
who is alleged to have failed to comply with such duty or requirement,
to prove that it was not reasonably practicable or, as the case may
be, all practicable measures were taken to satisfy the duty or
requirement.]

105.

Cognizance of offences.

105. Cognizance of offences. (1) No Court shall take cognizance

of any offence under this Act except on complaint by, or with the
previous sanction in writing of, an Inspector.

(2) No Court below that of a Presidency Magistrate or of a

Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence punishable under
this Act.

106.

Limitation of prosecutions.

106. Limitation of prosecutions. No Court shall take cognizance

of any offence punishable under this Act unless complaint thereof made
 67

within three months of the date on which the alleged commission of the
offence came to the knowledge of an Inspector:

Provided that where the offence consists of disobeying a written

order made by an Inspector, complaint thereof may be made within six
months of the date on which the offence is alleged to have been
committed.

2*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section,--

(a) in the case of continuing offence, the period of

limitation shall be computed with reference to every
point of time during which the offence continues;

(b) where for the performance of any act time is granted or

extended on an application made by the occupier or
manager of a factory, the period of limitation shall be
computed from the date on which the time so granted or
extended expired.

106A

Jurisdiction of a court for entertaining proceedings, etc.,

foroffence.

3*[106A. Jurisdiction of a court for entertaining proceedings,

etc., for offence. For the purposes of conferring jurisdiction on any
court in relation to an offence under this Act or the rules made
thereunder in connection with the operation of any plant, the place
where the plant is for the time being situate shall be deemed to be
the place where such offence has been committed.]

CHAP

SUPPLEMENTAL

CHAPTER XI

SUPPLEMENTAL

107.

Appeals.

107. Appeals. (1) The manager of a factory on whom an order in

writing by an Inspector has been served under the provisions or this
Act or
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 39 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).
2. Ins. by Act 94 of 1976, s. 43 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976).
3. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987 s. 40 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

89

the occupier of the factory may, within thirty days of the service of
the order, appeal against it to the prescribed authority, and such
authority may, subject to rules made in this behalf by the State
Government, confirm, modify or reverse the order.

(2) Subject to rules made in this behalf by the State Government

(which may prescribe classes of appeals which shall not be heard with
the aid of assessors), the appellate authority may, or if so required
in the petition of appeal shall, hear the appeal with the aid of
assessors, one of whom shall be appointed by the appellate authority
and the other by such body representing the industry concerned as may
be prescribed:
 68

Provided that if no assessor is appointed by such body before the

time fixed for hearing the appeal, or if the assessor so appointed
fails to attend the hearing at such time, the appellate authority may,
unless satisfied that the failure to attend is due to sufficient
cause, proceed to hear the appeal without the aid of such assessor or,
if it thinks fit, without the aid of any assessor.

(3) Subject to such rules as the State Government may make in

this behalf and subject to such conditions as to partial compliance or
the adoption of temporary measures as the appellate authority may in
any case think fit to impose, the appellate authority may, if it
thinks fit, suspend the order appealed against pending the decision of
the appeal.

108.

Display of notices.

108. Display of notices. (1) In addition to the notices required

to be displayed in any factory by or under this Act, there shall be
displayed in every factory a notice containing such abstracts of this
Act and of the rules made thereunder as may be prescribed and also the
name and address of the Inspector and the certifying surgeon.

(2) All notices required by or under this Act to be displayed in

a factory shall be in English and in a language understood by the
majority of the workers in the factory, and shall be displayed at some
conspicuous and convenient place at or near the main entrance to the
factory, and shall be maintained in a clean and legible condition.

(3) The Chief Inspector may, by order in writing served on the

manager of any factory, require that there shall be displayed in the
factory any other notice or poster relating to the health, safety or
welfare of the workers in the factory.

109.

Service of notices.

109. Service of notices. The State Government may make rules

prescribing the manner of the service of orders under this Act on
owners, occupiers or managers of factories.

90

110.

Returns.

110. Returns. The State Government may make rules requiring

owners, occupiers or mangers of factories to submit such returns,
occasional or periodical, as may in its opinion be required for the
purposes of this Act.

111.

Obligations of workers.

111. Obligations of workers. (1) No worker in a factory--

(a) shall wilfully interfere with or misuse any appliance,

convenience or other thing provided in a factory for
the purposes of securing the health, safety or welfare
of the workers therein;
 69

(b) shall wilfully and without reasonable cause do anything

likely to endanger himself or others; and

(c) shall wilfully neglect to make use of any appliance or

other thing provided in the factory for the purposes of
securing the health of safety of the workers therein.

(2) If any worker employed in a factory contravenes any of the

provisions of this section or of any rule or order made thereunder, he
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
three months, or with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or
with both.

111A

Right or workers, etc.

1*[111A. Right or workers, etc. Every worker shall have the right
to--

(i) obtain from the occupier, information relating to

workers' health and safety at work,

(ii) get trained within the factory wherever possible, or,

to get himself sponsored by the occupier for getting trained at a
training centre or institute, duly approved by the Chief
Inspector, where training is imparted for workers' health and
safety at work.

(iii) represent to the Inspector directly or through his

representative in the matter of inadequate provision for
protection of his health or safety in the factory.]

112.

General power to make rules.

112. General power to make rules. The State Government may make
rules providing for any matter which, under any of the provisions of
this Act, is to be or may be prescribed or which may be considered
expedient in order to give effect to the purposes of this Act.

113.

Powers of Centre to give directions.

113. Powers of Centre to give directions. The Central Government

may give directions to a State Government as to the carrying into
execution of the provisions of this Act.

114.

No charge for facilities and conveniences.

114. No charge for facilities and conveniences. Subject to the

provisions of section 46 no fee or charge shall be realised from any
worker in respect of any arrangements or facilities to be provided, or
any equipments or appliances to be supplied by the occupier under the
provisions of this Act.

115.

Publication of rules.
 70

115. Publication of rules. 2*[(1)] All rules made under this Act
shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall be subject to
the condition of previous publication ; and the date to be specified
under clause (3) of section 23 of the General Clauses Act, 1897,(10 of
1897.) shall be not less than 2*[forty five days] from the date on
which the draft of the proposed rules was published.

2*[(2) Every rule made by the State Government under this Act
shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before the State
Legislature.]
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 41 (w.e.f. 1.2.1987)
2. Re-numbered , subs. & Ins. by s. 42, ibid (w.e.f. 1.12.1987).

91

116.

Application of Act to Government factories.

116. Application of Act of Government factories. Unless otherwise

provided this Act shall apply to factories belonging to the Central or
any State Government.

117.

Protection to persons acting under this Act.

117. Protection to persons acting under this Act. No suit,

prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for
anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this
Act.

118.

Restriction on disclosure of information.

118. Restriction on disclosure of information. (1) No Inspector

shall, while in service or after leaving the service, disclose
otherwise than in connection with the execution, or for the purposes,
of this Act any information relating to any manufacturing or
commercial business or any working process which may come to his
knowledge in the course of his official duties.

(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to any disclosure of

information made with the previous consent in writing of the owner of
such business or process or for the purposes of any legal proceeding
(including arbitration) pursuant to this Act or of any criminal
proceeding which may be taken, whether pursuant to this Act or
otherwise, or for the purposes of any report of such proceedings as
aforesaid.

(3) If any Inspector contravenes the provisions of sub-section

(1) he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both.

118A

Restriction on disclosure of information.

1*[118A. Restriction on disclosure of information. (1) Every

Inspector shall treat as confidential the source of any complaint
brought to his notice on the breach of any provision of this Act.
 71

(2) No inspector shall, which making an inspection under this

Act, disclose to the occupier, manager or his representative that the
inspection is made in pursuance of the receipt of complaint:

Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any case

in which the person who has made the complaint has consented to
disclose his name.]

119.

Act to have effect notwithstanding anything contained in Act 37

of1970.

2*[119. Act to have effect notwithstanding anything contained in

Act 37 of 1970. The provisions of this Act shall have effect
notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in the
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970. 3*[or any other
law for the time being in force]

120.

Repeal and savings.

120. Repeal and savings. The enactments set out in the Table
appended to this section are hereby repealed:

Provided that anything done under the said enactments which could
have been done under this Act if it had then been in force shall be
deemed to have been done under this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987, s. 43 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987)
2. Ins, by Act 94 of 1976, s. 44 (w.e.f. 26-10-1976). The original
s. 119 was repealed by Act 35 of 1950, s. 2 and Sch. I.
3. Ins. by Act 20 of 1987 s. 44 (w.e.f. 1-12-1987).

91A

TABLE.--[Enactments repealed]. Rep. by the Repealing and Amending

Act, 1950 (35 of 1950), s. 2 and Sch. 1.