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India
The Factories Act, 1948 (Act No. 63 of 1948), as amended by the
Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987)

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.- Preliminary

CHAPTER II.- The Inspecting Staff

CHAPTER III.- Health

CHAPTER IV.- Safety

CHAPTER IVA.- Provisions relating to Hazardous processes

CHAPTER V.- Welfare

CHAPTER VI.- Working hours of adults

CHAPTER VII.- Employment of young persons

CHAPTER VIII.- Annual leave with wages

CHAPTER IX.- Special provisions

CHAPTER X.- Penalties and procedure

CHAPTER XI.- Supplemental

CHAPTER I.- Preliminary

Section 1. Short title, extent and commencement. -

(1) This Act may be called the Factories Act, 1948.

(2) It extends to the whole of India
(3) It shall come into force on the 1st day of April, 1949.
Section 2. Interpretation.In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,

(a) "adult" means a person who has completed his eighteenth year of
age;

(b) "adolescent" means a person, who has completed his fifteenth year
of age but has not completed his eighteenth year;

(bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months beginning

with the first day of January in any year;

(c) "child" means a person who has not completed his fifteenth year of
age;

(ca) "competent person", in relation to any provision of this Act,

means a person or an institution recognised as such by the Chief
Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and
inspections required to be done in a factory under the provisions of
this Act having regard too (i) the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities
available at his disposal, or
o (ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in
such institution and facilities available therein, with regard to the
conduct of such tests, examinations and inspections, and more
than one person or institution can be recognised as a competent
person in relation to a factory;

(cb) "hazardous process" means any process or activity in relation to

an industry specified in the 'First Schedule where, unless special care
is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished
products, bye-products, wastes or effluents thereof wouldo (i) cause material impairment to the health of the persons
engaged in or connected therewith, or

o (ii) result in the pollution of the general environment:

Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, amend the First Schedule by way of addition, omission or variation
of any industry specified in the said Schedule;

(d) "young person" means a person, who is either a child or an

adolescent;

(e) "day" means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight;

(f) "week" means a period of seven days beginning at midnight on

Saturday night or such other night as may be approved in writing for a
particular area by the Chief Inspector of Factories;

(g) "power" means electrical energy, or any other form of energy,

which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated, by human or
animal agency;

(h) "prime-mover" means any engine, motor or other appliance, which

generates or otherwise provides power;

(i) "transmission machinery" means any shift, wheel, drum, pulley,

system of pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt or other appliance or
device by which the motion of a prime-mover is transmitted to or
received by any machinery or appliance;

(j) "machinery" includes prime-movers, transmission machinery and all

other appliances, whereby power is generated, transformed,
transmitted or applied;

(k) "manufacturing process" means any process foro (i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing,
oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or otherwise
treating or adopting any article or substance with a view to its
use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal; or
o (ii) pumping oil, water, sewage, or any other substance; or
o (iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power; or

o (iv) composing types for printing, printing by letter press,

lithography, photogravure or other similar process or bookbinding; or
o (v) constructing, reconstructing,, repairing, refitting, finishing or
breaking up ships or vessels; or
o (vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage ;

(l) "worker" means a person employed directly or by or through any

agency (including a contractor) with or without the knowledge of the
principal employer whether for remuneration or not in any
manufacturing process, or in cleaning any part of the machinery or
premises used for a manufacturing process, or in any other kind of
work incidental to, or connected with the manufacturing process, or
the subject of the manufacturing process but does not include any
member of the armed forces of the Union;

(m) "factory" means any premises including the precincts thereofo (i) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working
on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of
power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or
o (ii) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were
working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any
part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on
without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on,- but does
not include a mine subject to the operation of the Mines Act,
1952 (XXXV of 1952) or a mobile unit belonging to the armed
forces of the Union, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant
or eating place;
Explanation I.---For computing the number of workers for the purposes
of this clause all the workers in different groups and relays in a day
shall be taken into account;
Explanation II.---For the purposes of this clause, the mere fact that an
Electronic Data Processing Unit or a Computer Unit is installed in any
premises or part thereof, shall not be construed to make it a factory if
no manufacturing process is being carried on in such premises or part
thereof ;

(n) "occupier" of a factory means the person, who has ultimate control
over the affairs of the factory,

Provided that

(i) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, any

one of the individual partners or members thereof shall be
deemed to be the occupier;

(ii) in the case of a company, any one of the directors, shall be

deemed to be the occupier:

(iii) in the case of a factory owned or controlled by the Central

Government or any State Government, or any local authority,
the person or persons appointed to manage the affairs of the
factory by the Central Government, the State Government or the
local authority, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be the
occupier :

Provided further that in the case of a ship which is being repaired, or on

which maintenance work is being carried out, in a dry dock which is available
for hire,
(1) the owner of the dock shall be deemed to be the occupier for the
purposes of any matter provided for by or under

(a) section 6, section 7, section 7A, section 7B, section 11 or

section 12;

(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to the providing and

maintenance of sufficient and suitable lighting in or around the
dock;

(e) section 18, section 19, section 42, section 46, section 47 or
section 49, in relation to the workers employed on such repair or
maintenance;

(2) the owner of the ship or his agent or master or other officer-in-charge of
the ship or any person who contracts with such owner, agent or master or
other officer-in-charge to carry out the repair or maintenance work shall be
deemed to be the occupier for the purposes of any matter provided for by or
under section 13, section 14, section 16 or section 17 (save as otherwise
provided in this proviso) or Chapter IV (except section 27) or section 43,

section 44 or section 45, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII or Chapter IX
or section 108, section 109 or section 110, in relation to

(a) the workers employed directly by him or by or through any

agency; and

(b) the machinery, plant or premises in use for the purpose of

carrying out such repair or maintenance work by such owner,
agent, master or other officer-in-charge or person ;

(o) [Omitted];

(p) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made by the State

Government under this Act;

(q) [Omitted];

(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of
workers working during different periods of the day, each of such sets
is called a "group" or "relay" and each of such periods is called a
"shift".

Section 3. Reference to time of day.In this Act references to time of day are references to Indian Standard Time
being five and a half hours, ahead of Greenwich Mean Time:
Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard Time is not ordinarily
observed the State Government may make rules

(a) specifying the area,

(b) defining the local mean time ordinarily observed therein, and

(c) permitting such time to be observed in all or any ofthe factories

situated in the area.

Section 4. Power to declare different departments to be separate

factories or two or more factories to be a single factory.The State Government may, on its own or on an application made in this
behalf by an occupier, direct by an order in writing and subject to such
conditions as it may deem fit, that for all or any of the purposes of this Act
different departments or branches of a factory of the occupier specified in

the application shall be treated as separate factories or that two or more

factories of the occupier specified in the application shall be treated as a
single factory.
Provided that no order under this section shall be made bythe State
Government on its own motion unless an opportunity of being heard is given
to the occupier.
Section 5. Power to exempt during public emergency.In any case of a public emergency the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any factory or class or description
of factories from all or any of the provisions of this Act except section 67 for
such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit:
Provided that no such notification shall be made for a period exceeding three
months at a time.
Explanation.- For the purposes of this section 'public emergency' means a
grave emergency whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory
thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or internal
disturbance.
Section 6. Approval, licensing and registration of factories.(1) The State Government may make rules(a) requiring for the purposes of this Act, the submission of plans of any
class or description of factories to the Chief Inspector or the State
Government ;

(aa) requiring the previous permission in writing of the State

Government or the Chief Inspector to be obtained for the site on which
the factory is to be situated and for the construction or extension of
any factory or class or description of factories;

(b) requiring for the purpose of considering applications for such

permission the submission of plans and specificatioqns;

(c) prescribing the nature of such plans and specifications and by

whom they shall be certified;

(d) requiring the registration and licensing offactories, or any class or

description of factories, and prescribing the fees payable for such
registration and licensing and for the renewal of licences;

(e) requiring that no licence shall be granted or renewed unless the

notice specified in section 7 has been given.

(2) If on an application for permission referred to in clause (aa) of subsection (1) accompanied by the plans and specifications required by the
rules made under clause (b) of that sub-section, sent to the State
Government or Chief Inspector by registered post, no order is communicated
to the applicant within three months from the date on which it is so sent, the
permission applied for in the said application shall be deemed to have been
granted.
(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to grant
permission to the site, construction or extension of a factory or to the
registration and licensing of a factory, the applicant may within thirty days
from the date of such refusal, appeal to the Central Government if the
decision appealed for was of the State Government, and to the State
Government in any other case.
Explanation. - A factory shall not be deemed to be extended within the
meaning of this section by reason only of the replacement of any plant or
machinery, or within such limils as may be prescribed, of the addition of any
plant or machinery. If such replacement or addition does not reduce the
minimum clear space required for safe working around the plant or
machinery or adversely affect the environment conditions from the evolution
or emission of steam, heat or dust or Iumes which are injurious to health.
Section 7. Notice by occupier.(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to occupy or,
use any premises as a factory, send to the Chief Inspector a written notice
containing

(a) the name and situation of the factory;

(b) the name and address of the occupier;

(bb) thc name and address of the owner of the premises or building
(including the precincts thereof ) referred to in section 93;

(c) the address io which communication relating to the factory may be

sent;

(d) the nature of the manufacturing processo (i) carried on in the factory during the last twelve months in the
case offactories in existence on the date of the commencement
of this Act, and
o (ii) to be carried on in the factory during the next twelve months
in the case of all factories;

(e) the total rated horse power installed or to be installed in the

factory, which shall not include the rated horsc power of any separate
standby plant;

(f) the name of the rnanager of the factory for the purposes of this
Act;

(g) the number of workers likely to be employed in the factory:

(h) the average number of workers per day employed during the last
twelve months in the case of a factory in existence on the date of the
commencement of this Act;

(i) such other particulars as may be prescribed.

(2) In respect of all establishments, which come within the scope of the Act
for the first time the occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief
Inspector containing the particulars specified in sub-section (1) within thirty
days from the date of the commencement of this Act.
(3) Before a factory engaged in a manufacturing process which is ordinarily
carried out for less than one hundred and eighty working days in the year,
resumes working, thc occupier shall send a written notice to the Chief
Inspector containing the particulars specified in sub-section (1) that least
thirty days before the date of the commencement of work.
(4) Whenever a new manager is appointed, the cccupies shall send to the
Inspector a written notice and to the Chief Inspector a copy thereof within
seven days from the date on which such person takes over charge.
(5) During a period for which no person has been designated as manager of
a factory or during which the person designated does not manage the

factory, any person found acting as manager, or if no such person is found,

the occupier himself, shall be deemed to be the manager of the factory for
the purposes of this Act.

CHAPTER II The Inspecting Staff

Section 7A. General duties of the occupier.(1) Every occupier shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the
health, safety and w,elfare of all workers while they are at work in the
factory.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1),
the matters to which such duty extends, shall include

(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work in the
factory that are safe and without risks to health;

(b) the arrangement in the factory for ensuring safety and absence of
risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and
transport of articles and substances;

(c) the provision of such information, instruction, training and

supervisions as are necessary to ensure the health and safety of all
workers at work;

(d) the maintenance of all places of work in the factory in a condition

that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and
maintenance of such means of access to, and egress from, such place
as are safe and without such risks;

(e) the provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working

environment in the factory for the workers that is safe, without risks to
health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for their
welfare at work.

(3) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier shall prepare,
and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a written statement of his
general policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers at work
and the organisation and arrangements for the time being in force for
carrying out thatpolicy, and to bring the statement and any revision thereof
to the notice of all the workers in such manner as may be prescribed.

Section 7B. General duties of manufacturers, etc., as regards articles

and sub-stancesfor use in factories.(1) Every person who designs, manufactures, imports or supplies any article
for use in any factory shall

(a) ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the article is so

designed and constructed as to be safe and withovt risks to the health
of the workers when properly used;

(b) carry out or arrange for tlle carrying out of such tests and
examination as may be considered necessary for the effective
implementation of the provisions of clause (a);

(c) take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that adequate

information will be availableo (i) in connection with the use of the article in any factory;
o (ii) about the use for which it is designed and tested; and
o (iii) about any conditions necessary to ensure that the article,
when put to such use, will be safe, and without risks to the
health of the workers:

Provided that where an article is designed or manufactured outside India, it

shall be obligatory on the part of the importer to see

(a) that the article conforms to the same standards if such article is
manufactuted in India, or

(b) if the standards adopted in the country outside for the

manufacture of such article is above the standards adopted in India,
that the article conforms to such standards

(2) Every person, who undertakes to design or manufacture any article for
use in any factory, may carry out or arrange for the carrying out of
necessary research with a view to the discovery and, so far as is reasonably
practicable, the elimination or minimisation of any risks to the health or
safety of the workers to which the design or article may give rise.
(3) Nothing contained in sub-sections (1) and (2) shall be construed to
require a person to repeat the testing examination or research which has
been carried out otherwise than by him or at his instance on so far as it is

reasonable for him to rely on the results thereof for the purposes of the said
sub-sections.
(4) And duty imposed on any person by sub-sections (1) and (2) shall
extend only to things done in the course of business carried on by him and
to matters within his control.
(5) Where a person designs, manufactures, imports or supplies an aricle on
the basis of a written undertaking by the user of such article to take the
steps specified in such undertaking to ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, that the article will be. safe and without risks to the health of
the workers when properly used, the undertaking shall have the effect of
relieving the person designing, manufacturing, importing or supplying the
article from the duty imposed by clause (a) of sub-section (1) to such extent
as is reasonably having regard to the terms of the undertaking.
(6) For the purposes of this section, an article is not to be regarded as
properly used if it is used without regard to any information or advice
relating to its use which as been made available by the person who has
designed, manufactured, imported or supplied the article.
Section 8. Inspectors.(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
appoint such persons as possessing the prescribed qualification to be
Inspectors for the purposes of this Act and may assign to them such local
limits as it may think fit.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Offlcial Gazette,
appoint any person to be a Chief Inspector who shall, in addition to powers
conferred on Chief Inspector under this Act, exercise the powers of an
Inspector throughout the State.
(2A) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
appoint as many Additional Chief Inspectors, Joint Chief Inspectors and
Deputy Chief Inspectors and as many other offlcers as it thinks fit to assist
the Chief Inspector and to exercise such of the powers of the Chief Inspector
as may be specified in such notification.
(2B) Every additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief
Inspector and every other officer appointment under sub-section (2A) shall,
in addition to the powers of a Chief Inspector specified in the notification by
which he is appointed, exercise the power of an Inspector throughout the
State.

(3) No person shall be appointed under sub-section (1), sub-section (2),

sub-section (2A) or sub-section (5), or having been so appointed, shall
continue to hold office, who is or becomes directly or indirectly interested in
a factory or in any process or business carried on therein or in any patent or
machinery connected therewith.
(4) Every District Magistrate shall be an Inspector for his district.
(5) The State Government may also, by notification as aforesaid, appoint
such public officers as it thinks fit to be additional Inspectors for all or any of
the purposes of this Act, within such local limits as it may assign to them
respectively.
(6) In any area where there are more Inspectors than one the State
Government may, by notification as aforesaid, declare the powers which
such Inspectors shall respectively exercise and the Inspector to whom the
prescribed notices are to be sent.
(7) Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector,
Deputy Chief Inspector, Inspector and every other officer appointed under
this section, shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of
the Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860), and shall be offlcially subordinate to
such authority as the State Government may specify in this behalf.
Section 9. Powers of Inspectors.Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may, within the local
limits for which he is appointed,

(a) enter with such assistants, being persons in the service of the
Government, or any local or other public authority or with an expert,
as he thinks fit, any place which is used, or which he has reason to
believe, is used as a factory;

(b) make examination of the premises, plant, machinery, article or

substance;

(c) inquire into any accident or dangerous occurrence, whether

resulting in bodily injury, disability or not, and take on the spot or
otherwise statements of any person which he may consider necessary
for such inquiry;

(d) require the production of any prescribed register or any other

document relating to the factory;

(e) seize, or take copies of, any register, record or other document or
any portion thereof, as he may consider necessary in respect of any
offence under this Act, which he has reason to believe, has been
committed;

(f) direct the occupier that any premises or any part thereof, or
anything lying therein, shall be left undisturbed (whether generally or
in partticular respects) for so long as is necessary for the purpose of
any examination under clause (b);

(g) take measurements and photographs and make such recordings as

he considers necessary for the purpose of any examination under
clause (b), taking with him any necessary instrument or equipment;

(h) in case of any article of substance found in any premises, being an

article or substance which appears to him as having caused or is likely
to cause danger to the health or safety of the workers, direct it to be
dismantled or subject it to any process or test (but not so as to
damage or destroy it unless the same is, in the circumstances
necessary, for carrying out the purposes of this Act), and take
possession of any such article or substance or a part thereof, and
detain it for so long as is necessary for such examination;

(i) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed.

Section 10. Certifying Surgeons.(1) The State Government may appoint qualified medical practitioners to be
certifying surgeons for the purposes of this Act within such local limits or for
such factory or class or description of factories as it may assign to them
respectively.
(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State Government,
authorise any qualified medical practitioner to exercise any of his powers
under this Act for such period as the certifying surgeon may specify and
subject to such conditions as the State Government may think fit to impose,
and references in this Act to a certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include
references to any qualified medical practitioner when so authorised.
(3) No person shall be appointed to be, or authorised to exercise the powers
of, a certifying surgeon, or having been so appointed or authorised, continue
to exercise such powers, who is or becomes the occupier of a factory or is or
becomes directly or indirectly interested therein or in any process or

business carried on therein or in any patent or machinery connected

therewith or is otherwise in the employ of the factory:
Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing and subject to
such conditions as may be specified in the order exempt any person or class
of persons from the provisions of this sub-section in respect of any factory or
class or description of factories.
(4) The certifying surgeon shall carry out such duties as may be prescribed
in connection with

(a) the examination and certification of young persons under this Act;

(b) the examination of persons engaged in factories in such dangerous

Occupations or processes as may be prescribed;

(c) the exercising of such medical supervisions as may be prescribed

for any factory or class or description of factories whereo (i) cases of illness have occurred, which it is reasonable to
believe are due to the nature of the manufacturing process
carried on, or other conditions of work prevailing, therein;
o (ii) by reason of any change in the manufacturing process
carried on or in the substances used therein or by reason of the
adoption of any new manufacturing process, or of any new
substance for use in a manufacturing process, there is a
likelihood of injury to the health of workers employed in that
manufacturing process;
o (iii) young persons are, or are about to be, employed in any
work which is likely to cause injury to their health.

Explanation. - In this section "qualified medical practitioner" means a person

holding a qualification granted by an authority specified in the Schedule to
the Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916 (VII of 1916), or in the Schedule to
the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933 (XXVI1 of 1933).

CHAPTER III.- Health

Section 11. Cleanliness.-

(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvial arising from any
drain, privy or other nuisance, and in particular

(a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping

or by any other effective method from the floors and benches of
workrooms and from staircases and passages and disposed of in a
suitable manner;

(b) the fiLoor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in

every week by washing, using disinfectant where necessary, or by
some other effective method;

(c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any

manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being drained,
effective means of drainage shall be provided as maintained;
o (d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms
and all walls, sides and tops of passages and staircases shall- (i)
where they are 'tpainted otherwise than with washable water
paint or varnished, be repainted or revarnished at least once in
every period of five years;
o (i-a) where they are painted with washable water paint, be
repainted with at least one coat of such paint at least once in
every period ofthree years and washed at least once in every
period of six months;
o (ii) where they are painted or varnished or where they have
smooth impervious surfaces, be cleaned at least one in every
period of fourteen months by such methods as may be
prescribed;
o (iii) in any other case, be kept whitewashed, or colour washed,
and the whitewashing or colourwashing shall be carried out at
least once in every period of fourteen months;

(dd) all doors and window-frames and other wooden or metallic

framework and shutters shall be kept painted or varnished and the
painting or varnishing shall be carried out at least once in every period
of five years;

(e) the dates on which the processes required by clause (d) are carried
out shall be entered in the prescribed register.

(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on in a factory or class
or description of factories or any part of a factory or class or description of
factories, it is not possible for the occupier to comply with all or any of the
provisions of sub-section (1), the State Government may by order exempt
such factory or class or descriptien of factories or part from any of the
provisions of that sub-section and specify alternative methods for keeping
the factory in a clean state.
Section 12. Disposal of wastes and effluents.(1) Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment
of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein,
so as to render them innocuous, and for their disposal.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the arrangements to
be made under sub-section (1) or requiring that the arrangements made in
accordance with sub-section (1) shall be approved by such authority as may
be prescribed.
Section 13. Ventilation and temperature.(1) Effect and suitable provisions shall be made in every factory for securing
and maintaining in every workroom

(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and

(b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable

conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health; and in particular,
o (i) walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed that
such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as
practicable;
o (ii) where the nature of the work carried on in the factories
involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively high
temperature, such adequate measures as are practicable shall be
taken to protect the workers therefrom, by separating the
process, which produces such temperature from the workroom,
by insulating the hot parts or by other effective means.

(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate ventilation

and reasonable temperature for any factory or class or description of
factories or parts thereof and direct that proper measuring instruments, at

such places and in such position as may be specified, shall be provided and
such records, as may be prescribed, shall be maintained.
(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high temperature in
any factory can be reduced by the adoption of suitable measures, he may,
without prejudice to the rules made under sub-section (2), serve on the
occupier, an order in writing specifying the measures which, in his opinion
should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified
date.
Section 14. Dust and fume.(1) In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried
on, there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature
and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers
employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures
shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom,
and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied
as near as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or other impurity,
and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible.
(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated
unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air, and no other internal
combustion engine shall be operated in any room ualess effective measures
have been taken to prevent such accumulation offumes therefrom as are
likely to be injurious to workers employed in the room.
Section 15. Artificial humidification.(1) In respect of all factories in which the humidity of the air is artificially
increased, the State Government may make rules,

(a) prescribing standards of humidification;

(b) regulatingthe methods used for artificially increasing the humidity

of the air;

(c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidityof the air to
be correctly carried out and recorded;

(d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate

ventilation and cooling of the air in the workrooms.

(2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the
water used for the purpose shall be taken from a public supply, or other
source of drinking water, or shall he effectively purified before it is so used.
(3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory for
increasing humidity which is required to be effectively purified under subsection (2) is not effectively purified he may serve on the manager of the
factory an order in writing, specifying the measures which in his opinion
should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before specified
date.
Section 16. Overcrowding.No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to the
health of the workers employed therein.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be in
every workroom of a factory in existence on the date of commencement of
this Act at least 9.9 cubic metres and of a factory built after the
commencement ofthis Act at least 14.2 cubic metres of space for every
worker employed therein, and for the purposes of this sub-section no
account shall be taken of anyspace which is more than 4.2 metres above the
level of the fioor of the room.
(3) If the Chief Inspector by order in writing so requires, there shall be
posted in each workroom of a factory a notice specifying the maximum
number of workers who may, in compliance with the Provisions of this
section, be employed in the room.
(4) The Chief Inspector may, by order in writing exempt, subject to such
conditions, if any, as he may thing fit to impose, any workroom from the
provisions of this section, if he is satisfied that compliance therewith in
respect of the room is unnecessary in the interest of the health of the
workers employed therein.
Section 17. Lighting.(1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing, there
shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or
artificial, or both.
(2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of
the workroom shall be kept clean on both the inner and outer surfaces and,

so far as compliance with the provisions of any rules made under sub-section
(3) of section 13 will allow, free from obstruction.
(3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be
made for the prevention of

(a) glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from a

smooth or polished surface;

(b) the formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye-strain

or the risk of accident to any worker.

(4) The State Government may prescribe standards of sufficient and suitable
lighting for factories or for any class or description offactories or for any
manufacturing process.
Section 18. Drinking water.(1) In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and
maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed
therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.
(2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a language
understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory and no
such points shall be situated within 1[six metres of any washing place,
urinal, latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying sullage or effluent or any other
source of contamination unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by
the Chief Inspector.
(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water
during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof.
(4) In respect of all factories or any class or description of factories the State
Government may make rules for securing compliance with the provisions of
sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) and for the examination by prescribed
authorities of the supply and distribution of drinking water in factories.
Section 19. Latrines and urinals.(1) In every factory-

(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types

shall be provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all
times while they are at the factory;

(b) separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and

female workers;

(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated and

no latrine or urinal shall, unless specially exempted in writing by the
Chief Inspector, communicate with any workroom except through an
intervening open space or ventilated passage;

(d) all such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary

condition at all times;

(e) sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it would be to

keep clean all latrines, urinals and washing places.

(2) In every factory wherein more than twohundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed

(a) all latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of prescribed sanitary

types;

(b) the floors and internal walls, up to a height of ninety centimetres of

the latrines and urinals and the sanitary blocks shall be laid in glazed
tiles or otherwise finished to provide a smooth polished impervious
surface;

(c) without prejudice to the provisions of clauses (d) and (e) of subsection (1), the fioors, portions of the walls and blocks so laid or
finished and the sanitary pans of latrines and urinals shall be
thoroughly washed and cleaned at least once in every seven days with
suitable detergents or disinfectants or with both.

(3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines and urinals
to be provided in any factory in proportion to the number of male and female
workers ordinarily employed therein, and provide for such further matters in
respect of sanitation in factories, including the obligation of workers in this
regard, as it considers necessary in the interest of the health of the workers
employed therein.
Section 20. Spittoons.-

(1) In every factory there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons

in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic
condition.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and
numbers of spittoons to be provided and their location in any factory and
provide for such further matters relating to their maintenance in a clean and
hygienic condition.
(3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the
spittoons provided for the purpose and a notice containing this provision and
the penalty for its violation shall be prominently displayed at suitable places
in the premises.
(4) Whoever spits in contravention of sub-section (3) shall be punishable
with fine not exceeding five rupees.

CHAPTER IV.- Safety

Section 21. Fencing of machinery.(1) In every factory the following, namely

(i) every moving part of a prime-mover and every fiywheel connected

to a prime-mover, whether the prime-mover or flywheel is in the
engine-house or not;

(ii) the headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water-turbine;

(iii) any part of a stock bar which projects beyond the head stock of a
lathe; and

(iv) unless they are in such position or of such construction as to be

safe to every person employed in the factory as they would be if they
were securely fenced, the following, namely:o (a) every part of an electric generator, a motor or rotary
convertor;
o (b) every part of transmission machinery; and

o (c) every dangerous part of any other machinery; shall be

securely fenced by safeguards of a substantial construction
which shall be constantly maintained and kept in position while
the parts of machinery they are fencing, are in motion or in use:
Provided that for the purpose of determining whether any part of machinery
in such position or is of such construction as to be safe as aforesaid, account
shall not be taken of any occasion when

(i) it is necessary to make an examination of any part of the

machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or, as a result of such
examination to carry out lubrication or other adjusting operation while
the machinery is in motion, being an examination of operation which it
is necessary to be carried out while that part of the machinery is in
motion. or

(ii) in the case of any part of a transmission machinery used in such

process as may be prescribed (being a process of a continuous nature,
the carrying on of which shall be or is likely to be substantially
interfered with by the stoppage of that part of the machinery), it is
necessary to make an examination of such part of the machinery while
it is in motion or, as a result of such examination, to carry out any
mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication, or other adjusting
operation while tlle machinery is in motion, and such examination or
operation is made or carried out in accordance with the provisions of
sub-section (1) of section 22.

(2) The State Government may by rules prescribe such further precautions
as it may consider necessary in respect of any particular machinery or part
thereof or exempt, subject to such condition as may be prescribed, for
securing the sefety ofthe workers, any particular machinery or part thereof
from the Provisions of this section.
Section 22. Work on or near machinery in motion.(1) Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of
machinery referred to in section 21, while the machinery is in motion, or, as
a result of such examination, to carry out

(a) in a case referred to in clause (i) of the proviso to sub-section (1)

of section 21, lubrication or other adjusting operation; or

(b) in a case referred to in clause (ii) of the proviso aforesaid, any

mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting
operation,

while the machinery is in motion, such - examination or operation shall be

made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker wearing
tight fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) whose name
has been recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf and who has been
furnished with a certificate of his appointment, and while he is so engaged,

(a) such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley unlesso (i) the belt is not more than fifteen centimetres in width;
o (ii) the pulley is normally for the purpose of drive and not merely
a fiy-wheel or balance wheel (in which case belt is not
permissible);
o (iii) the belt joint is either laced or fiush with the belt;
o (iv) the belt, including the joint and the pulley rim, are in good
repair;
o (v) there is reasonable clearance between the pulley and any
fixed plant or structure;
o (vi) secure foothold and, where necessary, secure handhold, are
provided for the operator; and
o (vii) any ladder in use for carrying out any examination or
operation aforesaid is securely fixed or lashed or is firmly held by
a second person ;

(b) without prejudice to any other provision of this Act relating to the
fencing of machinery, every set screw, bolt and key on any revolving
shaft, spindle, wheel or pinions and all spur, worm and other toothed
or friction gearing in motion with which such worker would otherwise
be liable to come into contact, shall be securely fenced to prevent such
contact.

(2) No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust

any part of a prime-mover or of any transmission machinery while primemover or transmission machinery is in motion, or to clean, lubricate or
adjust any part of any machine if the cleaning, lubrication or adjustment

thereof would expose the woman or young person to risk of injury from any
moving part either of that machine or of any adjacent machinery.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Offlcial Gazette
prohibit, in any specified factory or class or description of factories, the
cleaning, lubricating or adjusting by any person of specified parts of
machinery when those palts are in motion.
Section 23. Employment of young persons on dangerous machines.(1) No young person shall be required or allowed to work at any machine to
which this section applies, unless he has been fully instructed as to the
dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precautions to be
observed, and(a) has received sufficient training in work at the machine, or (b) is under
adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and
experience of the machine.
(2) Sub-section (1) shall apply to such machines as may be prescribed by
the State Government, being machines which in its opinion are of such a
dangerous character that young persons ought not to work at them unless
the foregoing requirements are complied with.
Section 24. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power.(1) In every factory

(a) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliance shall

be provided and maintained and used to move driving belts to and
from fast and loose pulleys wnich form part of the transmission
machinery, and such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed
and maintained so as to prevent the belt fiom creeping back on to the
first pulley;

(b) driving belts whennot in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride
upon shafting in motion.

(2) In every factory suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies
from running machinerv shall be provided and maintained in every
workroom:

Provided that in respect of factories in operation before the commencement

of this Act, the provisions of this sub-section shall apply only to workrooms
in which electricity is used as power.
(3) When a device, which can inadvertently shift from "off" to "on" position,
is provided in a factory- to cut off power, arrangements shall be provided for
locking the device in safe position to prevent accidental starting of the
transmission machinery or other machines to which the device it fitted.
Section 25. Self-acting machines.No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory and no material
carried thereon shall, if the space over which it runs is a space over which
any person is liable to pass, whether in the course of his employment or
otherwise, be allowed to run on its outwards or inward traverse within a
distance forty-five centimetres from any fixed structure which is not part of
the machine:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a
machine installed before the commencement of this Act which does not
comply with the requirements of this section on such conditions for ensuring
safety as he may think fit to impose.
Section 26. Casing of new machinery.(1) In all machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after the
commencement of this Act,

(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel
or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as
to prevent danger;

(b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not
require frequent adjustment while in motion shall be completely
encased, unless it is so situated as to be as safe as it would be if it
were completely encased.

(2) Whoever sells or lets on hire or, agent of a seller or hirer, causes or
procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a factory any machinery driven
by power which does not comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) or
any rules made under sub-section (3), shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine
which may extend to five hundred rupees or with both.

(3) The State Government may make rules specifying further safeguards to
be provided in respect of any other dangerous part of any particular machine
or class or description of machines.
Section 27. Prohibition of employment of women and children near
cotton-openers.No woman or child shall be employed in any part of a factory for pressing
cotton in which a cotton-opener is at work:
Provided that if the feed-end of a cotton-opener is in a room separated from
the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the
Inspector may in any particular case specify in writing, women and children
may be employed on the side of the partition where the feed-end is situated.
Section 28. Hoist and lifts.(1) In every factory

(a) every hoist and lift shall beo (i) of good mechanical construction, sound material and
adequate strength;
o (ii) properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a
competent person at least once in every period of six months,
and a register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars
of every such examination;

(b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an

enclosure fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such
enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent any person or thing
from being trapped between any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed
structure or moving part;

(c) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked on every
hoist or lift, and no load greater than such load shall be carried
thereon;

(d) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be
fitted with a gate on each side from which access is afforded to a
landing;

(e) every gate referred to in clause (b) or clause (d) shall be fitted
with inter-locking or other efficient device to secure that the gate
cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing and that the
cage cannot be moved unless the gate is closed.

(2) The following additional requirements shall apply to hoists and lifts used
for carrying persons and installed or reconstructed in a factory after the
commencement of this Act, namely:

(a) where the cage is supported by rope or chain, there shall be at

least two ropes or chains separately connected with the cage and
balance weight, and each rope or chain with its attachments shall be
capable of carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its
maximum load;

(b) efficient devices shall be provided and maintained capable of

supporting the cage together with its maximum load in the event of
breakage of the ropes, chains or attachments;

(c) an efficient automatic device shall be provided and maintained to

prevent the cage from over-running.

(3) The Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a hoist or lift
installed in a factory before the commencement of this Act which does not
fully comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) upon such conditions for
ensuring safety as he may think fit to impose.
(4) The State Government may, if in respect of any class or description of
hoist or lift, is of opinion that it would be unreasonable to enforce any
requirements of sub-sections (1) and (2), by order direct that such
requirement shall not apply to such class or description of hoist or lift.
Explanation.- For the purposes of this section, no lifting machine or
appliance shall be deemed to be a hoist or lift unless it has a platform or
cage, the direction or movement of which is restricted by a guide or guides.
Section 29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles. (1) In any factory the following provisions shall be complied with in respect
of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope
and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or
materials:-

(a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, of
every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall beo (i) of good construction, sound material and adequate strength
and free from defects;
o (ii) properly maintained; and
o (iii) thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in
every period of twelve months, or at such intervals as the Chief
Inspector may specify in writing, and a register shall be kept
containing the prescribed particulars of every such examination;

(b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except
for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which
shall be plainly marked there on together with an identification mark
and duly entered in the prescribed register; and where this is not
practicable, a table showing the safe working load of every kind and
size of lifting machine or chain, rope of lifting tackle in use, shall be
displayed in prominent position on the premises;

(c) while any person is employed or working on or near the wheel

track of a travelling crane in any place where he would be liable to be
struck by the crane, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that
the crane does not approach within six metres of that place.

(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of any lifting machine
or any chain, rope or lifting tackle used in factories

(a) prescribing further requirements to be compiled with in addition to

those set out in this section ;

(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all or any of the
requirements of this section, where in its opinion, such compliance is
unnecessary or impracticable.

(3) For the purposes of this section a lifting machine or a chain, rope or
lifting tackle shall be deemed to have been thoroughly examined if a visual
examination supplemented, if necessary, by other means and by the
dismantling of parts of the gear, has been carried out as carefully as the
conditions permit in order to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to the safety
of the parts examined.
Explanation.- In this section,-

(a) "lifting machine" means a crane, crab, winch, teagle, pully

block, gin wheel, transporter or runway;

(b) "lifting tackle" means any chain sling, rope sling, hook,
shackle, swivel, coupling, socket, clamp, tray or similar
appliance, whether fixed or movable, used in connection with the
raising or lowering of persons, or loads by use lifting machines.

Section 30. Revolving machinery. (1) In every factory in which the process of grinding is carried on there shall
be permanently affixed to or placed ear each machine in use a notice
indicating the maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone
or abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle upon which the wheel is
mounted, and the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle
necessary to secure such safe working peripheral speed.
(2) The speeds indicated in notices under sub-section (1) shall not be
exceeded.
(3) Effective measure shall be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe
working peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel
pulley, disc or similar appliance driven by power is not exceeded.
Section 31. Pressure plant. (1) If in any factory, any plant or machinery or any part thereof is operated
at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken
to ensure that the safe working pressure of such plant or machinery or part
is not exceeded.
(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the examination
and testing of any plant or machinery such as is referred to in sub-section
(1) and prescribing such other safety measures in relation thereto as may in
its opinion, be necessary in any factory or class or description of factories.
(3) The State Government may, by rules, exempt, subject to such conditions
as may be specified therein, any part of any plant or machinery referred to
in sub-section (1) from the provisions of this section.
Section 32. Floors, stairs and means of access. In every factory-

(a) all floors, steps, stairs, passengers and gangways shall be of sound
construction, and properly maintained and shall be kept free from
obstructions and substances likely to cause persons to slip and where
it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and gangways
shall be provided with substantial handrails;

(b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided, and

maintained safe means of access to every place at which any person is
at any time required to work;

(c) when any person has to work at a height from where he is likely to
fall, provision shall be made, so far as is reasonably practicable, by
fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person so working.

Section 33. Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc. (1) In every factory every fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the
ground or in a floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or
contents, is or may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or
securely fenced.
(2) The State Government may, by order in writing, exempt, subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or class or description of
factories in respect of any vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening from
compliance with the provisions of this section.
Section 34. Excessive weights. (1) No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any
load so heavy as to be likely to cause him an injury.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the maximum
weights which may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women,
adolescents and children employed in factories or in any class or description
of factories or in carrying on in any specified process.
Section 35. Protection of eyes. In respect of any such manufacturing process carried on in any factory as
may be prescribed, being a process which involves

(a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments thrown off in
the course of the process, or

(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State
Government may by rules require that effective screens or suitable
goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on,
or in the immediate vicinity of, the process.

Section 36. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc.(1) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in any factory in which any gas, fume,
vapour or dust is likely to be present to such an extent as to involve risk to
persons being overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of
adequate size or other effective means of egress.
(2) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any confined space as is
referred to in sub-section (1), until all practicable measures have been taken
to remove any gas, fume, vapour or dust, which may be present so as to
bring its level within the permissible limits and to prevent any ingress of
such gas, fume, vapour or dust and unless

(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person,

based on a test carried out by himself that the space is reasonably free
from dangerous gas, fume, vapour or dust: or

(b) such person is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt

securely attached to a rope the free end of which is held by a person
outside the confined space.

Section 36A. Precautions regarding the use of portable electric

light.In any factory

(a) no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage

exceeding twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use inside any
chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space unless
adequate safety devices are provided; and

(b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such

chambers tank, vat, pipe, flue or other confined space, no lamp or
light other than that of flame-proof construction shall be permitted to
be used therein.

Section 37. Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc. -

Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas, fume
or vapour of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on
ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such
explosion by

(a) effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process;

(b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume

or vapour;

(c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

(2) Where in any factory the plant or machinery used in a process such as is
referred to in sub-section (1), is not so constructed as to withstand the
probable pressure which such an explosion as aforesaid would produce, all
practicable measures shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of the
explosion by the provision in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents
or other effective appliances.
(3) Where any part of the plant or machinery in a factory contains any
explosive or inflammable gas or vapour under pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure, that part shall not be opened except in accordance
with the following provisions, namely:

(a) before the fastening of any joint of any pipe connected with the
part or the fastening of the cover of any opening into the part is
loosened, any flow of the gas or vapour into the part of any such pipe
shall be effectively stopped by a stop-valve or other means;

(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed, all practicable

measures shall be taken to reduce the pressure of the gas or vapour in
the part or pipe to a atmospheric pressure;

(c) where any such fastening as aforesaid has been loosened or

removed effective measures shall be taken to prevent any explosive or
inflammable gas or vapour from entering the part or pipe until the
fastening has been secured, or, as the case may be, securely replaced:

Provided that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply in the case of
plant or machinery installed in the open air.
(4) No plant, tank or vessel which contains or has contained any explosive or
inflammable substance shall be subjected, in any factory, to any welding,
brazing, soldering or cutting operation which involves the application of heat

unless adequate measures have first been taken to remove such substance
and any fumes arising therefrom or to render such substance and fumes
non- explosive or non-inflammable and no such substance shall be allowed
to enter such plant, tank or vessel after any such operation until the metal
has cooled sufficiently to prevent any risk of igniting the substance.
(5) The State Government may by rules exempt, subject to such conditions
as may be prescribed, any factory or class or description of factories from
compliance with all or any of the provisions of this section.
Section 38. Precautions in case of fire. (1) In every factory, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent
outbreak of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide
and maintain

(a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a fire, and

(b) the necessary equipment and facilities for extinguishing fire.

(2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all the
workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been
adequately trained in the routine to be following in such cases.
(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any factory or class
or description of factories, requiring the measures to be adopted to give
effect to the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2).
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (a) of sub-section (1) or
sub-section (2), if the Chief Inspector, having regard to the nature of the
work carried on in any factory, the construction of such factory, special risk
to life or safety, or any other circumstances, is of the opinion that the
measures provided in the factory, whether as prescribed or not, for the
purposes of clause (a) of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), are inadequate,
he may, by order in writing, require that such additional measures as he
may consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory before
such date as is specified in the order.
Section 39. Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests
of stability. If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any
part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it
may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or

manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring him before a

specified date

(a) to furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as

may be necessary to determine whether such buildings, ways,
machinery or plant can be used with safety, or

(b) to carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the
order, and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.

Section 40. Safety of buildings and machinery. (1) If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or
any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition
that it is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures,
which in his opinion should be adopted and requiring them to be carried out
before a specified date.
(2) If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any building or part of a
building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory involves
imminent danger to human life or safety he may serve on the occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing prohibiting its use until it
has been properly repaired or altered.
Section 40A. Maintenance of buildings. If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building in a
factory is in such a state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions
detrimental to the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the
occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be taken and requiring the same to be
carried out before such date as is specified in the order.
Section 40B. Safety Officers. (1) In every factory

(i) wherein one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or

(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any

manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which process or
operation involves any risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease or any
other hazard to health, to the person employed in the factory,

the occupier shall, if so required by the State Government by notification in

Official Gazette, employ such number of Safety Officers as may be specified
in that notification.
(2) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of Safety Officers shall
be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
Section 41. Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter. The State Government may make rules requiring the provision in any factory
or in any class or description of factories of such further devices and
measures for securing safety of persons employed therein as it may deem
necessary.

CHAPTER IVA.- Provisions relating to Hazardous Processes

Section 41A. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees. (1) The State Government may, for purposes of advising it to consider
applications for grant of permission for the initial location of a factory
involving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such factory,
appoint a Site Appraisal Committee consisting of

(a) the Chief Inspector of the State who shall be its Chairman;

(b) a representative of the Central Board for the Prevention and

Control of Water Pollution appointed by the Central Government under
section 3 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
(6 of 1974) ;

(c) a representative of the Central Board for the Prevention and

Control of Air Pollution referred to in section 3 of the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);

(d) a representative of the State Board appointed under section 4 of

the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974);

(e) a representative of the State Board for the Prevention and Control
of Air Pollution referred to in section 5 of the Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);

(f) a representative of the Department of Environment in the State;

(g) a representative of the Meteorological Department of the

Government of India;

(h) an expert in the field of occupational health; and

(i) a representative of the Town Planning Department of the State

Government,

and not more than five other members who may be co-opted by the State
Government who shall be- ,

(i) a scientist having specialised knowledge of the hazardous process

which will be involved in the factory,

(ii) a representative of the local authority within whose jurisdiction the

factory is to be established, and

(iii) not more than three other persons as deemed fit by the State
Government

(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the
establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and make its
recommendation to the State Government within a period of ninety days of
the receipt of such application in the prescribed form.
(3) Where any process relates to a factory owned or controlled by the
Central Government or to a corporation or a company owned or controlled
by the Central Government, the State Government shall co-opt in the Site
Appraisal Committee a representative nominated by the Central Government
as a member of that Committee.
(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any
information from the person making an application for the establishment or
expansion of a factory involving a hazardous process.
(5) Where the State Government has granted approval to an application for
the establishment of expansion of a factory involving a hazardous process, it
shall not be necessary for an applicant to obtain a further approval from the
Central Board or the State Board established under the Water (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, l974 (6 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 {14 of 1981).
Section 41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier.-

(1) The occupier of every factory involving a hazardous process shall disclose
in the manner prescribed, all informations regarding dangers including
health hazards and the measures to overcome such hazards arising from the
exposure to or handling of the materials or substances in the manufacture,
transportation, storage and other processes, to the workers employed in the
factory, the Chief Inspector, the local authority, within whose jurisdiction the
factory is situate, and the general public in the vicinity.
(2) The occupier shall, at the time of registering the factory involving a
hazardous process lay down a detailed policy with respect to the health and
safety of the workers employed therein and intimate such policy to the Chief
Inspector and the local authority and, thereafter, at such intervals as may be
prescribed, inform the Chief Inspector and the local authority of any change
made in the said policy.
(3) The information furnished under sub-section (1) shall include accurate
information as to the quantity, specifications and other characteristics of
wastes and the manner of their disposal.
(4) Every occupier shall, with the approval of the Chief Inspector, draw up an
on-site emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for his
factory and make known to the workers employed therein and to the general
public living in the vicinity of the factory, the safety measures required to be
taken in the event of an accident taking place.
(5) Every occupier of a factory shall,

(a) if such factory engaged in a hazardous process on the

commencement of the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 within a
period of thirty days of such commencement; and

(b) if such factory purposes to engage in a hazardous process at any

time after such commencement, within a period of thirty days before
the commencement of such process,

inform the Chief Inspector of the nature and details of the process in such
form and in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6) Where any occupier of a factory contravenes the provisions of subsection (5), the license issued under section 6 to such factory shall,
notwithstanding any penalty to which the occupier of the factory shall be
subjected to under the provisions of this Act, be liable for cancellation.

(7) The occupier of a factory involving a hazardous process shall, with the
previous approval of the Chief Inspector, lay down measures for the handling
usage, transportation and storage of hazardous substances inside the factory
premises and the disposal of such substances outside the factory premises
and publicise them in the manner prescribed among the workers and the
general public living in the vicinity.
Section 41C. Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation to
hazardous processes.Every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall

(a) maintain accurate and up-to-date health records or, as the case
may be, medical records, of the workers in the factory who are
exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which
are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records
shall be accessible to the workers subject to such conditions as may be
prescribed;

(b) appoint persons who possess qualifications and experience in

handling hazardous substances and are competent to supervise such
handling within the factory and to provide at the working place all the
necessary facilities for protecting the workers in the manner
prescribed:

Provided that where any question arises as to the qualifications and

experience of a person so appointed, the decision of the Chief Inspector shall
be final;

(c) provide for medical examination of every workero (i) before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling
of, or working with, a hazardous substance, and
o (ii) while continuing in such job, and after he has ceased to work
in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months in such
manner as may be prescribed,

Section 41D. Power of Central Government to appoint Inquiry

Committee.(1) The Central Government may, in the event of the occurrence of an
extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a hazardous process,
appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the standards of health and

safety observed in the factory with a view to finding out the causes of any
failure or neglect in the adoption of ally measures or standards prescribed
for the health and safety of the workers employed in the factory or the
general public affected, or likely to be affected, due to such failure or neglect
and for the prevention and recurrence of such extraordinary situations in
future in such factory or elsewhere.
(2) The Committee appointed under sub-section (1) shall consist of a
Chairman and two other members and the terms of reference of the
Committee and the tenure of office of its members shall be such as may be
determined by the Central Government according to the requirements of the
situation.
(3) The recommendations of the Committee shall be advisory in nature.
Section 41E. Emergency standards.(1) Where the Central Government is satisfied that no standards of safety
have been prescribed in respect of a hazardous process or class of
hazardous processes, or where the standards so prescribed are inadequate,
it may direct the Director-General of Factory Advice Service and Labour
Institutes or any Institution specialised in matters relating to standards of
safety in hazardous processes, to lay down emergency standards for
enforcement of suitable standards in respect of such hazardous processes.
(2) The emergency standards laid down under sub-section (1) shall, until
they are incorporated in the rules made under this Act, be enforceable and
have the same effect as if they had been incorporated in the rules made
under this Act.
Section 41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic
substances.(1) The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of chemical and
toxic substances in manufacturing processes (whether hazardous or
otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value indicated in the Second
Schedule.
(2) The Central Government may, at any time, for the purpose of giving
effect to any scientific proof obtained from specialised institutions or experts
in the field, by notification in the Official Gazette, make suitable changes in
the said Schedule.
Section 41G. Workers' participation in safety management.-

(1) The occupier shall, in every factory where a hazardous process takes
place, or where hazardous substances are used or handled, set up a Safety
Committee consisting of equal number of representatives of workers and
management to promote co-operation between the workers and the
management in maintaining proper safety and health at work and to review
periodically the measures taken in that behalf.
Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing and for reasons
to be recorded, exempt the occupier of any factory or class of factories from
setting up such Committee.
(2) The composition of the Safety Committee, the tenure of office of its
members and their rights and duties shall be such as may be prescribed.
Section 41H. Right of workers to warn about imminent danger.(1) Where the workers employed in any factory engaged in a hazardous
process have reasonable apprehension that there is a likelihood of imminent
danger to their lives or health due to any accident, they may, bring the same
to the notice of the occupier, agent, manager or any other person who is incharge of the factory or the process concerned directly or through their
representatives in the Safety Committee and simultaneously bring the same
to the notice of the Inspector.
(2) Tt shall be the duty of such occupier, agent, manager or the person incharge of the factory or process to take immediate remedial action if he is
satisfied about the existence of such imminent danger and send a report
forth-with of the action taken to the nearest Inspector.
(3) If the occupier, agent, manager or the person in-charge referred to in
sub-section (2) is not satisfied about the existence of any imminent danger
as apprehended by the workers, he shall, nevertheless, refer the matter
forth-with to the nearest Inspector whose decision on the question of the
existence of such imminent danger shall be final.
NOTES.- New Chapter IVA inserted in the Act.- The Factories (Amendment)
Act, 1987, has inserted this new chapter in the Act after Chapter IV.
The new Chapter lays down provisions relating to hazardous process in
sections 41A to 41H.
Under provisions of section 41A of this Chapter the State Government in
empowered to form a Site Appraisal Committee to examine the application
for establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and send its

recommendations to the State Government. The chairman and members of

the Committee will be persons as specified in the section. Powers of the
Committee are also specified. The proposal for establishment or expansion of
such a factory, if approved by the State Government, has to be further
approved by the authorities mentioned in the section. Duties and
responsibilities of the occupier of such a factory have been specified in
sections 41B and 41C.
Section 41D empowers the Central Government to appoint Inquiry
Committee to enquire whether such a factory is observing the standards of
health and safety of workers as well as of the general public as prescribed
and make recommendations. Its recommendations shall be however of
advisory nature The Committee shall have a chairman and two members.
The Central Government shall determine the tenure of office of the
members.
Section 41E empowers the Central Government to take certain steps for
laying down emergency standards and enforcement thereof in case no
standard of safety has been prescribed for hazardous processes.
Section 41F enjoins that the maximum permissible limits of exposure of
chemical and toxic substances in manufacturing processes (whether
hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value indicated in the
Second Schedule. The section empowers the Central Government to make
suitable changes in the said Schedule by notification in the Official Gazette.
Section 41G requires the occupier of a factory in which a hazardous process
takes place to set up a Safety Committee with equal number of
representatives of workers for the purpose of enforcing the safety measures
in the factory. The State Government may, however, exempt any factory for
reasons to be recorded in writing, any factory from setting up such a
Committee.
Section 41H gives the right to workers of a factory in which a hazardous
process takes place to bring to the notice of the occupier, agent, manager or
any other person who is in-charge of the factory or the Inspector of the
area, of their apprehension about any imminent danger and the person or
persons informed must enquire immediately on receipt of the information
and take remedical action.

CHAPTER V.- Welfare

Section 42. Washing facilities.(1) In every factory

(a) adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and
maintained for use of the workers therein;

(b) separate and adequately screened facilities shall be provided for

the use of male and female workers;

(c) such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept

clean.

(2) The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class or

description of factories or of any manufacturing process, prescribe standards
of adequate and suitable facilities for washing.
Section 43. Facilities for storing and drying clothing.The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class or description
of factories make rules requiring the provision therein of suitable place for
keeping clothing not worn during working hours and for the drying of wet
clothing.
Section 44. Facilities for sitting.(1) In every factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and
maintained for all workers obliged to work in a standing position, in order
that they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest which may occur
in the course of their work.
(2) If, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in any factory
engaged in a particular manufacturing process or working in a particular
room, are able to do their work efficiently in a sitting position, he may, by
order in writing, require the occupier of the factory to provide before a
specified date such seating arrangements as may be practicable for all
workers so engaged or working.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
declare that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply to any specified
factory or class or description of factories or to any specified manufacturing
process.
Section 45. First-aid-appliances.-

(1) There shall, in every factory, be provided and maintained so as to be

readily accessible during all working hours first-aid boxes or cupboards
equipped with the prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or
cupboards to be provided and maintained shall not be less than one for
every one hundred and fifty workers ordinarily employed at any one time in
the factory.
(2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a first-aid box or
cupboard.
(3) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of a separate
responsible person, who holds a certificate in first-aid treatment recognized
by the State Government and who shall always be readily available during
the working hours of the factory.
(4) In every factory wherein more than five hundred workers are ordinarily
employed there shall be provided and maintained an ambulance room of the
prescribed size, containing the prescribed equipment and in the charge of
such medical and nursing staff as may be prescribed and those facilities shall
always be made readily available during the working hours of the factory.
Section 46. Canteens.(1) The State Government may make rules requiring that in any specified
factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily
employed, a canteen or canteens shall be provided and maintained by the
occupier for the use of the workers.
(2) Without prejudice in the generality of the foregoing power, such rules
may provide for

(a) the date by which such canteen shall be provided;

(b) the standard in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture

and other equipment of the canteen;

(c) the foodstuffs to be served therein and the charges which may be
made therefor;

(d) the constitution of a managing committee for the canteen and

representation of the workers in the management of the canteen;

(dd) the items of expenditure in the running of the canteen which are
not to be taken into account in fixing the cost of foodstuffs and which
shall be borne by the employer ;

(e) the delegation to Chief Inspector subject to such conditions as may

be prescribed, of the power to make rules under clause (c).

Section 47. Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-rooms.(1) In every factory wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed adequate and suitable shelters or rest-rooms and a
suitable lunch-room, with provision for drinking water, where workers can
eat meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of
the workers:
Provided that any canteen maintained in accordance with the provisions of
section 46 shall be regarded as part of the requirements of this sub-section:
Provided further that where a lunch-room exists no worker shall eat any food
in the work-room.
(2) The shelters or rest-room or lunch-room to be provided under subsection (1) shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated and shall be
maintained in a cool and clean condition.
(3) The State Government may

(a) prescribe the standards, in respect of construction accommodation,

furniture and other equipment of shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-rooms
to be provided under this section;

(b) by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any factory or class

or description of factories from the requirements of this section.

Section 48. Creches (1) In every factory wherein more than thirty women workers are ordinarily
employed there shall be provided and maintained a suitable room or rooms
for the use of children under the age of six years of such women.
(2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall be adequately
lighted and ventilated, shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition
and shall be under the charge of women trained in the care of children and
infants.

(3) The State Government may make rules

(a) prescribing the location and the standards in respect of

construction, accommodation; furniture and other equipment of rooms
to be provided, under this section;

(b) requiring the provision in factories to which the section applies, of

additional facilities for the care of children belonging to women
workers, including suitable provision of facilities for washing and
changing their clothing;

(c) requiring the provision in any factory of free milk or refreshment or

both for such children;

(d) requiring that facilities shall be given in any factory for the mothers
of such children to feed them at the necessary intervals.

Section 49. Welfare Officers. (1) In every factory wherein five hundred or more workers are ordinarily
employed the occupier shall employ in the factory such number of welfare
officers as may be prescribed.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications and
conditions of service of officers employed under sub-section (1). 50. Power
to make rules to supplement this Chapter. The State Government may make rules

(a) exempting, subject to compliance with such alternative

arrangements for the welfare of workers as may be prescribed, any
factory or class or description of factories from compliance with any of
the provisions of this Chapter,

(b) requiring in any factory or class or description of factories that

representatives of the workers employed in the factories shall be
associated with the management of the welfare arrangements of the
workers.

CHAPTER VI.- Working Hours of Adults

Section 51. Weekly hours. -

No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more

than forty-eight hours in any week.
Section 52. Weekly holidays. (1) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory on first
day of the week (hereinafter referred to as the said day), unless

(a) he has or will have a holiday for whole day on one of three days
immediately before or after the said day, and

(b) the manager of the factory has, before the said day or the
substituted day under clause (a), whichever is earlier,o (i) delivered a notice at the office of the Inspector of his
intention to require the worker to work on the said day and of
the day which is to be substituted, and
o (ii) displayed a notice to that effect in the factory:

Provided that no substitution shall be made which will result in any worker
working for more than ten days consecutively without a holiday for a whole
day.
(2) Notices given under sub-section (1) may be canceled by a notice
delivered at the office of the Inspector and a notice displayed in the factory
not later than the day before the said day or the holiday to be canceled,
whichever is earlier.
(3) Where, in accordance with the Provisions of sub-section (1), any worker
works on the said day and has had a holiday on one of the three days
immediately before it, that said day shall, for the purpose of calculating his
weekly hours of work, be included in the preceding week.
Section 53. Compensatory holidays. (1) Where, as a result of the passing of an order of the making of a rule
under the provisions of this Act exempting a factory or the workers therein
from the provisions of section 52, a worker is deprived of any of the weekly
holidays for which provision is made in sub-section (1) of that section he
shall be allowed, within the month in which the holidays were due to him or
within the two months immediately following that month, compensatory
holidays of equal number to the holidays so lost.

(2) The State Government may prescribe the manner in which the holidays
for which provision is made in sub-section (1) shall be allowed.
Section 54. Daily hours. Subject to the provisions of section 51, no adult worker shall be required or
allowed to work in a factory for more than nine hours in any day.
Provided that subject to the previous approval of the Chief Inspector the
daily maximum specified in this section may be exceeded in order to
facilitate the change of shifts.
Section 55. Intervals for rest. (1) The periods of work of adult workers in a factory each day shall be so
fixed that no period shall exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for
more than five hours before he has had an interval for rest of at least half an
hour.
(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the State
Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for the reason
specified therein, exempt any factory from the provisions of sub-section (1)
so however that the total number of hours worked by a worker without an
interval does not exceed six.
Section 56. Spreadover. The period of work of an adult worker in a factory shall be so arranged that
inclusive of his intervals for rest under section 55, they shall not spreadover
more than ten and a half hours in any day:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for reasons to be specified in writing,
increase the spreadover up to twelve hours.
Section 57. Night shifts. Where a worker in a factory works on a shift which extends beyond
midnight,

(a) for the purposes of sections 52 and 53, a holiday for a whole day
shall mean in his case a period of twenty-four consecutive hours
beginning when his shift ends;

(b) the following day for him shall be deemed to be the period of
twenty-four hours beginning when such shift ends, and the hours he
has worked after midnight shall be counted in the previous day.

Section 58. Prohibition of overlapping shifts. (1) Work shall not be carried on in any factory by means of a system of
shifts so arranged that more than one relay of workers is engaged in work of
the same kind at the same time.
(2) The State Government or subject to the control of the State
Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for the reasons
specified therein, exempt on such conditions as may be deemed expedient,
any factory or class or description of factories or any department or section
of a factory or any category or description of workers therein from the
provisions of sub-section (1).
Section 59. Extra wages for overtime. (1) Where a worker works in a factory for more than nine hours in any day
or for more than forty-eight hours in any week, he shall, in respect of
overtime work, be entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of
wages.
(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), "ordinary rate of wages" means the
basic wages plus such allowances, including the cash equivalent of the
advantage accuring through the concessional sale to workers of foodgrains
and other articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, but does
not include a bonus and wages for overtime work.
(3) Where any workers in a factory are paid on a piece-rate basis, the timerate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of their full- time
earnings for the days on which they actually worked on the same or identical
job during the month immediately preceding the calendar months during
which the overtime work was done, and such time-rates shall be deemed to
be the ordinary rates of wages of those workers:
Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked in the immediately
preceding calender month on the same or identical job, the time-rate shall
be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of the earnings of the
worker for the days on which he actually worked in the week in which the
overtime work was done.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this sub-section in computing the earnings

for the days on which the worker actually worked, such allowances including
the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale
to workers of foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for the time
being entitled to, shall be included but any bonus or wages for overtime
work payable in relation to the period with reference to which the earnings
are being computed shall be excluded.
(4) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional
sale to a worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often
as may be prescribed on the basis of the maximum quantity of foodgrains
and other articles admissible to a standard family.
Explanation I. - "Standard family" means a family consisting of the worker,
his or her spouse and two children below the age of fourteen years requiring
in all three adult consumption units.
Explanation 2. - "Adult consumption unit" means the consumption units of a
male above the age of fourteen years, and the consumption unit of a female
above the age of fourteen years and that of a child below the age of fourteen
years shall be calculated at the rates of 8 and 6, respectively of one adult
consumption unit.
(5) The State Government may make rules prescribing

(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing
through the concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other
articles shall be computed; and

(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for the purpose
of securing compliance with the provisions of this section.

Section 60. Restriction on double employment. No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory on any
day on which he has already been working in any other factory, save in such
circumstances as may be prescribed.
Section 61. Notice of periods of work for adults. (1) There shall be displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in
accordance with the provisions for sub-section (2) of section 108, a notice of
periods of work for adults, showing clearly for every day the periods during
which adult workers may be required to work.

(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1) shall be
fixed beforehand in accordance with the following provisions of this section,
and shall be such that workers working for those periods would not be
working in contravention of any of the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54, 55,
56 and 58.
(3) Where all the adult workers in a factory are required to work during the
same periods, the manager of the factory shall fix those periods for such
workers generally.
(4) Where all the adult workers in a factory are not required to work during
the same periods, the manager of the factory shall classify them into groups
according to the nature of their work indicating the number of workers in
such group.
(5) For each group, which is not required to work on a system of shifts, the
manager of the factory shall fix the periods during which the group may be
required to work.
(6) Where any group is required to work on system of shifts and the relays
are to be subject to pre-determined periodical changes or shifts, the
manager of the factory shall fix the periods during which each relay of the
group may be required to work.
(7) Where any group is to work on a system of shifts and the relays are to
be subject to pre-determined periodical changes of shifts, the manager of
the factory shall draw up a scheme of shifts, whereunder the period during
which any relay or group may be required to work and the relay which will
be working at any time of the day shall be known for any day.
(8) The State Government may prescribe forms of the notice required by
sub-section (1) and the manner in which it shall be maintained.
(9) In the case of a factory beginning work after the commencement of this
Act, a copy of the notice referred to in sub-section (1) shall be sent in
duplicate to the Inspector before the day on which work is begun in the
factory.
(10) Any proposed change in the system of work in any factory which Will
necessitate a change in the notice referred to in sub-section (1) shall be
notified to the Inspector in duplicate before the change is made, and except
with the previous sanction of the Inspector, no such change shall be made
until one week has elapsed since that last change.

Section 62. Register of adult workers. (1) The manager of every factory shall maintain a register of adult workers,
to be available to the Inspector at all times during working hours, or when
any work is being carried on in the factory, showing

(a) the name of each adult worker in the factory;

(b) the nature of his work;

(c) the group, if any, in which he is included;

(d) where his group works on shift, the relay to which he is allotted;
and

(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed:

Provided that if the Inspector is of opinion that any muster-roll or register

maintained as a part of the routine of a factory gives in respect of any or all
the workers in the factory the particulars required under this section, he
may, by order in writing, direct that such muster-roll or register shall to the
corresponding extent be maintained in place of, and be treated as, the
register of adult workers in that factory.
(1A) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory
unless his name and other particulars have been entered in the register of
adult workers.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register of adult
workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained and the period for which
it shall be preserved.
Section 63. Hours of work to correspond with notice under section
61 and register under section 62. No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory otherwise
than in accordance with the notice of periods of work for adults displayed in
the factory and the entries made beforehand against his name in the register
of adult workers of the factory.
Section 64. Power to make exempting rule. (1) The State Government may make rules defining the persons who hold
positions of supervision or management or are employed in a confidential

position in a factory or empowering the Chief Inspector to declare any

person, other than a person defined by such rules as a person holding
position of supervision or management or employed in a confidential position
in a factory if, in the opinion of the Chief Inspector, such person holds such
position or is so employed and the provision of this Chapter, other than the
provisions of clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 66 and of the proviso to
that sub-section, shall not apply to any person so defined or declared :
Provided that any person so defined or declared shall, where the ordinary
rate of wages of such person does not exceed the wage limit specified in
sub-section (6) of section 1 of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (4 of 1936),
as amended from time to time, be entitled to extra wages in respect of
overtime work under section 59.
(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of adult workers in
factories providing for the exemption, to such extent and subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed

(a) of workers engaged on urgent repairs, from the provisions of

sections 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56;

(b) of workers engaged in work in the nature of preparatory or

complementary work which must necessarily be carried on outside the
limits laid down for the general working of the factory, from the
provisions of sections 51, 54, 55 and 56;

(c) of workers engaged in work which is necessarily so intermittent

that intervals during which they do not work while on duty, ordinarily
amount to more than the intervals for rest required by or under
section 55, from the provisions of sections 51, 54, 55 and 56;

(d) of workers engaged in any work which for technical reasons must
be carried on continuously from the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54,
55 and 56;

(e) of workers engaged in making or supplying articles of prime

necessity which must be made or supplied every day, from the
provisions of section 51 and section 52;

(f) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which cannot be

carried on except during fixed seasons, from the provisions of section
51, section 52 and section 54;

(g) of worker engaged in a manufacturing process, which cannot be

carried on except at times dependent on the irregular action of natural
forces, from the provisions of sections 52 and 55;

(h) of workers engaged in engine-rooms of boiler-houses or in

attending to power-plant or transmission machinery, from the
provisions of section 51 and section 52; (i) of workers engaged in the
printing of newspapers, who are held up on account of the breakdown
of machinery, from the provisions of sections 51, 54 and 56.

Explanation. - In this clause the expression "newspapers" has the meaning

assigned to it in the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 (XXV of
1867);

(j ) of workers engaged in the loading or unloading of railway wagons

or lorries or trucks, from the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54, 55 and
561;

(k) of workers engaged in any work, which is notified by the State

Government in the Official Gazette as a work of national importance,
from the provisions of section 51, section 52, section 54, section 55
and section 56.

(3) Rules made under sub-section (2) providing for any exemption may also
provide for any consequential exemption from the provisions of section 61
which the State Government may deem to be expedient, subject to such
conditions as it may prescribe.
(4) In making rules under this section, the State Government shall not
exceed, except in respect of exemption under clause (a) of sub-section (2),
the following limits of work inclusive of overtime :

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not exceed ten;

(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall not exceed
twelve hours in any one day;

Provided that the State Government may, in respect of any or all of the
categories of workers referred to in clause (d) of sub-section (2), make rules
prescribing the circumstances in which, and the conditions subject to which,
the restrictions imposed by clause (i) and clause (ii) shall not apply in order
to enable a shift worker to work the whole or part of a subsequent shift in
the absence of a worker who has failed to report for duty;

(iii) the total number of hours of work in a week including overtime,

shall not exceed sixty;

(iv) the total number of hours of overtime shall not exceed fifty for any
one quarter.

Explanation.- "Quarter" means a period of three consecutive months

beginning on the 1st of January, the 1st of April, the 1st of July or the 1st of
October.
(5) Rules made under this section shall remain in force for not more than
five years.
Section 65. Power to make exempting orders. (1) Where the State Government is satisfied that, owing to the nature of the
work carried on or to other circumstances, it is reasonable to require that
the periods of work of any adult worker in any factory or class or description
of factories should be fixed beforehand, it may, by written order, relax or
modify the provisions of section 61 in respect of such workers therein, to
such extent and in such manner as it may think fit, and subject to such
conditions as it may deem expedient to ensure control over periods of work.
(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the State Government
the Chief Inspector may, by written order, exempt on such conditions as it or
he may deem expedient, any or all of the adult workers in any factory or
group or class or description of factories from any or all of the provisions of
sections 51, 52, 54 and 56 on the ground that the exemption is required to
enable the factory or factories to deal with an exceptional pressure of work.
(5) Any exemption granted under sub-section (2) shall be subject to the
following conditions, namely:

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not exceed
twelve;

(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall not exceed
thirteen hours in any one day;

(iii) the total number of hours of work in any week, including overtime,
shall not exceed sixty;

(iv) no worker shall be allowed to work overtime, for more than seven
days at a stretch and the total number of hours of overtime work in
any quarter shall not exceed seventy-five.

Explanation. - In this sub-section "quarter" has the same meaning as in subsection (4) of section 64.
Section 66. Further restriction on employment of women. (1) The provisions of this Chapter shall, in their application to women in
factories, be supplemented by the following further restrictions, namely:

(a) no exemption from the provisions of section 54 may be granted in

respect of any woman;

(b) no woman shall be required or allowed to work in any factory

except between the hours 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.;

Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, in respect of any factory or group or class or description of
factories, vary the limits laid down in clause (b), but so that no such
variation shall authorise the employment of any woman between the hours
of 10 P.M. and 5 A.M..

(c) there shall be no change of shifts except after a weekly holiday or

any other holiday.

(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the exemption from
the restrictions set out in sub-section (1), to such extent and subject to such
conditions as it may prescribe, of women working in fish-curing or fishcanning factories, where the employment of women beyond the hours
specified in the said restrictions, is necessary to prevent damage to, or
deterioration in any raw material.
(3) The rules made under sub-section (2) shall remain in force for not more
than three years at a time.

CHAPTER VII.- Employment of Young Persons

Section 67. Prohibition of employment of young children. -

No child who has not completed his fourteenth year shall be required or
allowed to work in any factory.
Section 68. Non-adult workers to carry tokens. A child who has completed his fourteenth year or an adolescent shall not be
required or allowed to work in any factory, unless

(a) a certificate of fitness granted with reference to him under section

69, is in the custody of manager of the factory, and

(b) such child or adolescent carries while he is at work, a token giving

a reference to such certificate.

Section 69. Certificate of fitness. A certifying surgeon shall, on the application of any young person or his
parent or guardian accompanied by a document signed by the manager of a
factory that such person will be employed therein if certified to be fit for
work in a factory, or on the application of the manager of the factory, in
which any young person wishes to work, examine such person and ascertain
his fitness for work in a factory.
(2) The certifying surgeon, after examination, may grant to such young
person, in the prescribed form, or may renew

(a) certificate of fitness to work in a factory as a child, if he is satisfied

that the young person has completed his fourteenth year, that he has
attained the prescribed physical standards and that he is fit for such
work;

(b) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an adult, if he is

satisfied that the young person has completed his fifteenth year and is
fit for a full day's work in a factory:

Provided that unless the certifying surgeon has personal knowledge of the
place where the young person proposes to work and of the manufacturing
process in which he will be employed, he shall not grant or renew a
certificate under this sub-section until he has examined such place.
(3) A certificate of fitness granted or renewed under sub-section (2)

(a) shall be valid only for a period of twelve months from the date
thereof:

(b) may be made subject to conditions in regard to the nature of the

work in which the young person may be employed, or requiring
reexamination of the young person before the expiry of the period of
twelve months.

(4) A certifying surgeon shall revoke any certificate granted or renewed

under sub-section (2) if in his opinion the holder of it is no longer fit to work
in the capacity stated therein in a factory.
(5) Where a certifying surgeon refuses to grant or renew a certificate or a
certificate of the kind requested or revokes a certificate, he shall, if so
requested by any person who could have applied for the certificate or the
renewal thereof, state his reasons in writing for so doing.
(6) Where a certificate under this section with reference to any young person
is granted or renewed subject to such conditions as are referred to in clause
(b) of sub-section (3), the young person shall not be required or allowed to
work in any factory except in accordance with those conditions.
(7) Any fee payable for a certificate under this section shall be paid by the
occupier and shall not be recoverable from the young person, his parents or
guardian.
Section 70. Effect of certificate of fitness granted to adolescent. (1) An adolescent, who has been granted certificate of fitness to work in a
factory as an adult under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 69, and
who while at work in a factory carries a taken giving reference to the
certificate, shall be deemed to be an adult for all the purposes of Chapters VI
and VIII;
(1A) No female adolescent or a male adolescent who has not attained the
age of seventeen years but who has been granted a certificate of fitness to
work in a factory as an adult, shall be required or allowed to work in any
factory except between 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.
Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, in respect of any factory or group or class or description of
factories,

(i) vary the limits laid down in this sub-section so, however, that no
such section shall authorise the employment of any female, adolescent
between 10 P.M. and 5 A.M.

(ii) grant exemption from the provisions of this sub-section in case of

serious emergency where national interest is involved. (2) An
adolescent who has not been granted a certificate of fitness to work in
a factory as an adult under the aforesaid clause (b) shall,
notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be a child for all the purposes
of this Act.

Section 71. Working hours for children. (1) No child shall be employed or permitted to work in any factory

(a) for more than four and a half hours in any day;

(b) during the night.

Explanation. - For the purpose of this sub-section "night" shall mean a

period of at least twelve consecutive hours which shall include the interval
between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M.
(2) The period of work of all children employed in a factory shall be limited
to two shifts which shall not overlap or spreadover more than five hours
each; and each child shall be employed in only one of the relays which shall
not, except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Inspector, be
changed more frequently than once in a period of thirty days.
(3) The provisions of section 52 shall apply also to child workers and no
exemption from the provisions of that section may be granted in respect of
any child.
(4) No child shall be required or allowed to work in any factory on any day
on which he has already been working in another factory.
(5) No female child shall be required or allowed to work in any factory
except between 8 A.M. and 7 P.M.
Section 72. Notice of period of work for children. (1) There shall be displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in
which children are employed, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of section 108, a notice of periods of work for children, showing
clear}y for every day the periods during which children may be required or
allowed to work.

(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1) shall be
fixed beforehand in accordance with the method laid down for adult workers
in section 61, and shall be such that children working for those periods
would not be working in contravention of any of the provisions of section 71.
(3) The provisions of sub-sections (8), (9) and (10) of section 61 shall apply
also to the notice required by sub-section (1) of this section.
Section 73. Register of child workers. (1) The manager of every factory in which children are employed shall
maintain a register of child workers, to be available to the Inspector at all
times during working hours or when any work is being carried on in a
factory, showing

(a) the name of each child worker in the factory,

(b) the nature of his work,

(c) the group, if any, in which he is included,

(d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he is allotted,
and

(e) the number of his certificate of fitness granted under section 69.

(1A) No child worker shall be required or allowed to work in any factory

unless his name and other particulars have been entered in the register of
child workers.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the register of child
workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained and the period for which
it shall be preserved.
Section 74. Hours of work to correspond with notice under section
72 and register under section 73. No child shall be employed in any factory otherwise than in accordance with
the notice of periods of work for children displayed in the factory and the
entries made beforehand against his name in the register of child workers of
the factory.
Section 75. Power to require medical examination. -

Where an Inspector is of opinion

(a) that any person working in factory without a certificate of fitness is

a young person, or

(b) that a young person working in a factory with a certificate of

fitness is no longer fit to work in the capacity stated therein, -

he may serve on the manager of the factory a notice requiring that such
person or young person, as the case may be shall be, examined by a
certifying surgeon, and such person or young person shall not, if the
Inspector so directs, be employed, or permitted to work, in any factory until
he has been so examined and has been granted a certificate of fitness or a
fresh certificate of fitness, as the case may be, under section 69, or has
been certified by the certifying surgeon examining him not to be a young
person.
Section 76. Power to make rules. The State Government may make rules

(a) prescribing the forms of certificate of fitness to be granted under

section 69, providing for the grant of duplicates in the event of loss of
the original certificate, and fixing the fees which may be charged for
such certificates and renewals thereof and such duplicates;

(b) prescribing the physical standards to be attained by children and

adolescents working in factories;

(c) regulating the procedure of certifying surgeons under this Chapter;

(d) specifying other duties which certifying surgeons may be required

to perform in connection with the employment of young persons in
factories, and fixing the fees which may be charged for such duties
and the persons by whom they shall be payable.

Section 77. Certain other provisions of law not barred. The provisions of this Chapter shall be in addition to, and not in derogation
of, the provisions of the Employment of Children Act, 1938 (XXVt of 1938).

CHAPTER VIII.- Annual Leave with Wages

Section 78. Application of Chapter.(1) The provisions of this Chapter shall not operate to prejudice of any right
to which a worker may be entitled under any other law or under the terms of
any award, agreement including settlement or contract of service:
Provided that if such award, agreement (including settlement) or contract of
service provides for a longer annual leave with wages than provided in this
Chapter, the quantum of leave, which the worker shall be entitled to, shall be
in accordance with such award, agreement or contract of service, but in
relation to matters not provided for in such award, agreement or contract of
service or matters which are provided for less favourable therein, the
provisions of sections 79 to 82, so far as may be, shall apply.
(2) The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to workers in any factory of
any railway administered by the Government, who are governed by leave
rules approved by the Central Government
Section 79. Annual leave with wages.(1) Every worker who has worked for a period of 240 days or more in a
factory during a calendar year shall be allowed during the subsequent
calendar year, leave with wages for a number of days calculated at the rate
of

(i) if an adult, one day for every twenty days of work performed by
him during the previous calendar year;

(ii) if a child, one day for every fifteen days of work performed by him
during the previous calendar year.

Explanation 1. - For the purposes of this sub-section

(a) any days of lay-off, by agreement or contract or as

permissible under the standing orders;

(b) in the case of a female worker, maternity leave for any

number of days not exceeding twelve weeks; and

(c) the leave earned in the year prior to that in which the leave
is enjoyed;

shall be deemed to be days on which the worker has worked in a factory for
the purpose of computation of the period of 240 days or more, but he shall
not earn leave for these days.
Explanation 2. - The leave admissible under this sub-section shall be
exclusive of all holidays whether occurring during or at either end of the
period of leave.
(2) A worker whose service commences otherwise than on the first day of
January shall be entitled to leave with wages at the rate laid down in clause
(t) or, as the case may be, clause (ii) of sub-section (1) if he has worked for
two-thirds of the total number of days in the remainder of the calendar year.
(3) If a worker is discharged or dismissed from service or quits his
employment or is superannuated or dies while in service, during the course
of the calendar year, he or his heir or nominee, as the case may be, shall be
entitled to wages in lieu of the quantum of leave to which he was entitled
immediately before his discharge, dismissal, quitting of employment,
superannuation or death, calculated at the rates specified in sub-section (1),
even if he had not worked for the entire period specified in sub-section(1) or
sub-section (2) making him eligible to avail of such leave, and such payment
shall be made

(i) where the worker is discharged or dismissed or quits employments

before the expiry of the second working day from the date of such
discharge, dismissal or quitting; and

(ii) where the worker is superannuated or dies while in service, before

the expiry of two months from the date of such superannuation or
death.

(4) In calculating leave under this section, fraction of leave of half a day or
more shall be treated as one full day's leave and fraction of less than half a
day shall be omitted.
(5) If a worker does not in any one calendar year takes the whole of the
leave allowed to him under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), as the case
may be, any leave not taken by him shall be added to the leave to be
allowed to him in the succeeding calendar year:
Provided that the total number of days of leave that may be carried forward
to a succeeding year shall not exceed thirty in the case of an adult or forty in
the case of a child:

Provided further that a worKer, who has applied for leave with wages but has
not been given such leave in accordance with any scheme laid down in subsections (8) and (9) or in contravention of sub-section (10) shall be entitled
to carry forward the leave refused without any limit.
(6) A worker may at any time apply in writing to the manager of a factory
not less than fifteen days before the date on which he wishes his leave to
begin, to take all the leave or any portion thereof allowable to him during
the calendar year:
Provided that the application shall be made not less than thirty days before
the date on which the worker wishes his leave to begin, if he is employed in
a public utility service as defined in clause (n) of section 2 of the Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 (XIV of 1947):
Provided further that the number of times in which leave may be taken
during any year shall not exceed three.
(7) If a worker wants to avail himself of the leave with wages due to him to
cover a period of illness, he shall be granted such leave even if the
application for leave is not made within the time specified in sub-section (6);
and in such a case wages as admissible under section 81 shall be paid not
later than fifteen days, or in the case of a public utility service not later than
thirty days from the date of the application for leave.
(8) For the purpose of ensuring the continuity of work, the occupier or
manager of the factory, in agreement with the Works Committee for the
factory constituted under section 3 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (XIV
of 1947), or a similar Committee constituted under any other Act or if there
is no such Works Committee or a similar Committee in the factory, in
agreement with the representatives of t.he workers therein chosen in the
prescribed manner, may lodge with the Chief Inspector a scheme in writing
whereby the grant of the leave allowable under this section may be
regulated.
(9) A scheme lodged under sub-section (8) shall be displayed at some
conspicuous and convenient place in the factory and shall be in force for a
period of twelve months from the date on which it comes into force, and
may thereafter be renewed with or without modification for a further period
of twelve months at a time, by the manager in agreement with the Works
Committee or a similar Committee, or as the case may be, in agreement
with the representatives of the workers as specified in sub-section (8), and a
notice of renewal shall be sent to the Chief Inspector before it is renewed.

(10) An application for leave which does not contravene the provisions of
sub-section (6) shall not be refused, unless refusal is in accordance with the
scheme for the time being in operation under sub-sections (8) and (9).
(11) If the employment of a worker who is entitled to leave under subsection (1) or sub-section (2), as the case may be, is terminated by the
occupier before he has taken the entire leave to which he is entitled, or if
having applied for and having not been granted such leave, the worker quits
his employment before he has taken the leave, the occupier of the factory
shall pay him the amount payable under section 80 in respect of the leave
not taken, and such payment shall be made, where the employment of the
worker is terminated by the occupier, before the expiry of the second
working day after such termination, and where a worker who quits his
employment, on or before the next pay day.
(12) The unavailed leave of a worker shall not be taken into consideration in
computing the period of any notice required to be given before discharge or
dismissal.
Section 80. Wages during leave periods.(1) For the leave allowed to him under section 78 or section 79, as the case
may be, a worker shall be entitled to wages at a rate equal to the daily
average of his total full time earnings for the day on which he actually
worked during the months immediately preceding his leave, exclusive of any
overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness allowance and the cash
equivalent of advantage accruing through the concessional sale to the
worker of foodgrains and other articles:
Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked on any day during
the calendar month immediately preceding his leave, he shall be paid at a
rate equal to the daily average of his total full time earnings for the days on
which he actually worked during the last calendar month preceding his leave,
in which he actually worked, exclusive of any overtime and bonus but
inclusive of dearness allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage
accruing through the concessional sale to the workers of foodgrains and
other articles.]
(2) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional
sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as
often as may be prescribed, on the basis of the maximum quantity of
foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard family.

Explanation 1. - "Standard family" means a family consisting of a worker, his

or her spouse and two children below the age of fourteen years requiring in
all three adult consumption units.
Explanation 2. - "Adult consumption unit" means the consumption unit of a
male above the age of fourteen years; and the consumption unit of a female
above the age of fourteen years, and that of a child below the age of
fourteen years shall be calculated at the rates of 8 and 6 respectively of one
adult consumption unit.
(3) The State Government may make rules prescribing

(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing
through the concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other
articles shall be computed; and

(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for the purpose
of securing compliance with the provisions of this section.

Section 81. Payment in advance in certain cases. A worker who has been allowed leave for not less than four days, in the case
of an adult, and five days, in the case of a child, shall, before his leave
begins, be paid the wages due for the periods of the leave allowed.
Section 82. Mode of recovery of unpaid wages.Any sum required to be paid by an employer, under this Chapter but not paid
by him, shall be recoverable as delayed wages under the provisions of the
Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (IV of 1936).
Section 83. Power to make rules.The State Government may make rules directing managers of factories to
keep registers containing such particulars as may be prescribed and
requiring the registers to be made available for examination by Inspectors.
Section 84. Power to exempt factories.Where the State Government is satisfied that the leave rules applicable to
workers in a factory provide benefits which in its opinion, are not less
favourable than those for which this Chapter makes provisions, it may by
written order, exempt the factory from all or any of the provisions of this
Chapter subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this section, in deciding whether the

benefits which are provided for by any leave rules are less favourable than
those for which this Chapter makes provision, or not, the totality of the
benefits shall be taken into account.

CHAPTER IX.- Special Provisions

Section 85. Power to apply the Act to certain premises. (1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
declare that all or any of the provisions of this Act shall apply to any place
wherein a manufacturing process is carried on with or without the aid of
power or is so ordinarily carried on, notwithstanding that

(i) the number of persons employed therein is less than ten, if working
with the aid of power, and less than twenty if working without the aid
of power, or

(ii) the persons working therein are not employed by the owner
thereof but are working with the permission of, or under agreement
with, such owner:

Provided that the manufacturing process is not being carried on by the

owner only with the aid of his family.
(2) After a place is so declared, it shall be deemed to be a factory for the
purposes of this Act, and the owner shall be deemed to be the occupier, and
any person working therein, to be a worker.
Explanation. - For the purpose of this section "owner" shall include a lessee
or mortgagee with possession of the premises.
Section 86. Power to exempt public institution.The State Government may exempt, subject to such conditions as it may
consider necessary, any workshop or workplace where a manufacturing
process is carried on and which is attached to a public institution maintained
for the purposes of education training, research or information, from all or
any of the provisions of this Act:
Provided that no exemption shall be granted from the provisions relating to
hours of work and holidays unless the persons having the control of the

institution submit, for the approval of the State Government, a scheme of

the regulation of the hours of employment, intervals for meals, and holidays
of the persons employed in or attending the institution or who are inmates
for the institution, and the State Government is satisfied that the provisions
of the scheme are not less favourable than the corresponding provisions of
the Act.
Section 87. Dangerous operations.Where the State Government is of opinion that any manufacturing process or
operation carried on in a factory exposes any persons employed in it to a
serious risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease, it may order or make rules
applicable to any factory or class or description of factories in which
manufacturing process or operation is carried on

(a) specifying the manufacturing process or operation and declaring it

to be dangerous;

(b) prohibiting or restricting the employment of women, adolescents or

children in the manufacturing process or operation;

(c) providing for the periodical medical examination for persons

employed or seeking to be employed, in the manufacturing process or
operation, and prohibiting the employment of persons not certified as
fit for such employment and requiring the payment by the occupier of
the factory of fees for such medical examination;

(d) providing for the protection of all persons employed in the

manufacturing process or operation or in the vicinity of the places
where it is carried on;

(e) prohibiting, restricting or controlling the use of any specified

materials or processes in connection with the manufacturing process or
operation:

(f) requiring the provision of additional welfare amenities and sanitary

facilities and the supply of protective equipment and clothing, and
laying down the standards thereof, having regard to the dangerous
nature of the manufacturing process or operation;

Section 87A. Power to prohibit employment on account of serious

hazard.-

(1) Where it appears to the Inspector that conditions in a factory or part

thereof are such that they may cause serious hazard by way of injury or
death to the persons employed therein or to the general public in the
vicinity, he may, by order in writing to the occupier of the factory, state the
particulars in respect of which he considers the factory or part thereof to be
the cause of such serious hazard and prohibit such occupier from employing
any person in the factory or any part thereof other than the minimum
number of persons necessary to attend to the minimum tasks till the hazard
is removed.
(2) Any order issued by the Inspector under sub-section (1) shall have effect
for a period of three days until extended by the Chief Inspector by a
subsequent order.
(3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Inspector under sub-section
(1), and the Chief Inspector under sub-section (2), shall have the right to
appeal to the High Court.
(4) Any person whose employment has been affected by an order issued
under sub-section (1), shall be entitled to wages and other benefits and it
shall be the duty of the occupier to provide alternative employment to him
wherever possible and in the manner prescribed.
(5) The provisions of sub-section (4) shall be without prejudice to the rights
of the parties under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947)1.
Section 88. Notice of certain accident.(1) Where in any factory an accident occurs which causes death, or which
causes any bodily injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented
from working for a period of forty-eight hours or more immediately following
the accident, or which is of such nature as may be prescribed in this behalf,
the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, in
such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
(2) Where a notice given under sub-section (1) relates to an accident
causing death, the authority to whom the notice is sent shall make an
inquiry into the occurrence within one month of the receipt of the notice or if
there is no such authority, the Chief Inspector cause the Inspector to make
an inquiry within the said period.
(3) The State Government may make rules for regulating the procedure
inquires under this section.

Section 88A. Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.Where in a factory any dangerous occurrence of such nature as may be
prescribed, occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or disability, or not,
the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and
in such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
Section 89. Notice of certain diseases. (1) Where any worker in a factory contacts any disease specified in the Third
Schedule the manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such
authorities, and in such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
(2) If any medical practitioner attends on a person, who is or has been
employed in a factory, and who is, or is believed by the medical practitioner
to be suffering from any disease specified in the Third Schedule the medical
practitioner shall without delay send a report in writing to the office of the
Chief Inspector stating

(a) the name and full postal address of the patient,

(b) the disease from which he believes the patient to be suffering, and

(c) the name and address of the factory in which the patient is, or was
last employed.

(3) Where the report under sub-section (2) is confirmed to the satisfaction of
the Chief Inspector, by the certificate of the certifying surgeon or otherwise,
that the person is suffering from a disease specified in the Third Schedule,
he shall pay to the medical practitioner such fee as may be prescribed, and
the fee so paid shall be recoverable as an arrear of land revenue from the
occupier of the factory in which the person contacted the disease.
(4) If any medical practitioner fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (2), he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees.
(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, and
to or alter the Third Schedule and any such addition or alteration shall have
effect as if it had been made by this Act.
Section 90. Power to direct inquiry into cases of accident or disease.-

(1) The State Government may, if it considers it expedient so to do, appoint

a competent person to inquire into the causes of any accident occurring in a
factory or into any case where a disease specified in the Third Schedule has
been, or is suspected to have been, contacted in a factory, and may also
appoint one or more persons possessing legal or special knowledge to act as
assessors in such inquiry.
(2) The person appointed to hold an inquiry under this section shall have all
the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (V of
1908), for the purposes of enforcing the attendance of witnesses and
compelling the production of documents and material objects and may also,
so far as may be necessary for the purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of
the powers of an Inspector under this Act; and every person required by the
person making the inquiry to furnish any information, shall be deemed to be
legally bound so to do within the meaning of section 176 of the Indian Penal
Code (XLV of 1960).
(3) The person holding an inquiry under this section shall make a report to
the State Government stating the cause of the accident, or as the case may
be, disease, and any attendant circumstances, and adding any observations
which he or any of the assessors may think fit to make. (4) The State
Government may, if it thinks fit, cause to be published any report made
under this section or any extracts therefrom.
(5) The State Government may make rules for regulating the procedure of
inquires under this section.
Section 91. Power to take samples.(1) An Inspector may at any time during the normal working hours of a
factory, after informing the occupier or manager of the factory or other
person for the time being purporting to be in-charge of the factory, take, in
the manner hereinafter provided, a sufficient sample of any substance used
or intended to be used in the factory, such use being

(a) in the belief of the Inspector, in contravention of any of the

provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder, or

(b) in the opinion of the Inspector, likely to cause bodily injury to, or
injury to the health of, workers in the factory.

(2) Where the Inspector takes a sample under sub-section (1), he shall, in
the presence of the person informed, under that sub-section unless such
person wilfully absents himself, divide the sample into three portions and

effectively, seal and suitably mark them, and shall permit such person to add
his own seal and mark thereto.
(3) The person informed as aforesaid shall, if the Inspector so requires,
provide the appliances for dividing, sealing and marking the sample taken
under this section.
(4) The Inspector shall

(a) forthwith give one portion of the sample to the person informed
under sub-section (1);

(b) forthwith send the second portion to a Government analyst for

analysis and report thereon;

(c) retain the third portion for production to the Court before which
proceedings, if any, are instituted in respect of the substance.

(5) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of any

Government analyst upon any substance submitted to him for analysis and
report under this section, may be used as evidence in any proceeding
instituted in respect of the substance.
Section 9lA. Safety and occupational health surveys.(1) The Chief Inspector, or the Director-General of Factory Advice Service
and Labour Institutes, or the Director-General of Health Services, to the
Government of India, or such other officer as may be authorised in this
behalf by the State Government or the Chief Inspector or the DirectorGeneral of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or the DirectorGeneral of Health Services, may, at any time during the normal working
hours of a factory, or at any other time as is found by him to be necessary,
after giving notice in writing to the occupier or manager of the factory or any
other person who for the time being purports to be in-charge of the factory,
undertake safety and occupational health surveys and such occupier or
manager or other person shall afford all facilities for such survey, including
facilities for the examination and testing of plant and machinery and
collection of samples and other data relevant to the survey.
(2) For the purpose of facilitating surveys under sub-section (1) every
worker shall, if so required by the person conducting the survey, present
himself to undergo such medical examinations as may be considered
necessary by such person and furnish all information in his possession and
relevant to the survey.

(3) Any time spent by a worker for undergoing medical examination or

furnishing information under sub-section (2) shall, for the purpose of
calculating wages and extra wages for overtime work, be deemed to be time
during which such worker worked in the factory.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this section, the report, if any; submitted
to the State Government by the person conducting the survey under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be a report submitted by an Inspector under
this Act.

CHAPTER X.- Penalties and Procedure

Section 92. General penalty for offences.Save as is otherwise expressly provided in this Act and subject to the
provisions of section 93, if in, or in respect of, any factory there is any
contravention of the provisions of this Act or of any rules made thereunder
or of any order in writing given thereunder, the occupier or manager of the
factory shall each be guilty of an offence and punishable with imprisonment
for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to
one lakh rupees or with both, and if the contravention is continued after
conviction, with as further fine which may extend to one thousand rupees for
each day on which the contravention is so continued.
Provided that where contravention of any of the provisions of Chapter IV or
any rule made thereunder or under section 87 has resulted in an accident
causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be less than twentyfive thousand rupees in the case of an accident causing death, and five
thousand rupees in the case of an accident causing serious bodily injury.
Explanation. - in this section and in section 94 "serious bodily injury" means
an injury which involves, or in all probability will involve, the permanent loss
of the use of, or permanent injury to, any limb or the permanent loss of, or
injury to sight or hearing, or the fracture of any bone, but shall not include,
the fracture of bone or joint (not being fracture of more than one bone or
joint) of and phalanges of the hand or foot.
Section 93. Liability of owner of premises in certain circumstances. (1) Where in any premises separate building are leased to different occupiers
for use as separate factories, the owner of the premises shall be responsible

for the provision and maintenance of common facilities and services, such as
approach roads, drainage, water supply, lighting and sanitation.
(2) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the State
Government, power to issue order, to the owner of the premises in respect
of the carrying out of the provisions of sub-section (1).
(3) Where in any premises, independent or self-contained floor or fiats are
leased to different occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the
premises shall be liable as if he was the occupier or manager of a factory, for
any contravention of the provisions of this Act in respect of

(i) latrines, urinals and washing facilities in so far as the maintenance

of the common supply of water for those purpose in concerned;

(ii) fencing of machinery and plant belonging to the owner and not
specifically entrusted to the custody or use of an occupier;

(iii) safe means of access to the floors or flats and maintenance and
cleanliness of staircases and common passages;

(iv) precaution, in case of fire;

(v) maintenance of hoists and lifts; and

(vi) maintenance of any other common facilities provided in the

premises.

(4) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the State
Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the premises in respect
of the carrying out of the provisions of sub-section (3).
(5) The provisions of sub-section (3) relating to the liability of the owner
shall apply where in any premises independent rooms with common latrines,
urinals and washing facilities are leased to different occupier, for use as
separate factories:
Provided that the owner shall be responsible also for complying with the
requirements relating to the provisions and maintenance of latrines, urinals
and washing facilities.
(6) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the State
Government, the power to issue orders to the owner of the premises

referred to in sub-section (5) in respect of the carrying out of the provisions

of section 46 or section 48.
(7) Where in any premises, portions of a room or a shed are leased to
different occupiers, for use as separate factories, the owner of the premises
shall be liable for any contravention of the provisions of

(i) Chapter III, except sections 14 and 15;

(ii) Chapter IV, except sections 22, 23, 27, 34, 35 and 36:

Provided that in respect of the provisions of sections 21, 24 and 32 the

owner's liability shall be only in so far as such provisions relate to things
under his control:
Provided further that the occupier shall be responsible for complying with the
provisions of Chapter IV in respect of plant and machinery belonging to or
supplied by him;

(iii) section 42.

(8) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the State
Government, power to issue orders to the owner of premises in respect of
the carrying out of the provisions of sub-section (7).
(9) In respect of sub-sections (5) and (7), while computing for the purposes
of any of the provisions of this Act the total number of workers employed,
the whole of the premises shall be deemed to be a single factory.
Section 94. Enhanced penalty after previous conviction.(1) If any person who has been convicted of any offence punishable under
section 92 is again found guilty of an offence involving a contravention Of
the same provision, he shall be punishable on a subsequent conviction with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine, which
shall not be less than ten thousand rupees but which may extend to two lakh
rupees or with both;
Provided that the Court may, for any adequate and special reasons to be
mentioned in the judgment, impose a fine of less than ten thousand rupees:
Provided further that where contravention of any of the provisions of Chapter
IV or any rule made thereunder or under section 87 has resulted in an
accident causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be less than

thirty five thousand rupees in the case of an accident causing death and ten
thousand rupees in the case of an accident causing serious bodily injury.
(2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), no cognizance shall be taken of any
conviction made more than two years before the commission of the offence
for which the person is subsequently being convicted.
Section 95. Penalty for obstructing inspector.Whoever wilfully obstructs an Inspector in the exercise of any power
conferred on him by or under this Act, or fails to produce on demand by an
Inspector any register or other documents kept in his custody in pursuance
of this Act or of any rules made thereunder, or conceals or prevents any
workers, in a factory from appearing before, or being examined by, an
inspector, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to six months or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees
or with both.
Section 96. Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of analysis
under section 91.Whoever, except in so far as it may be necessary for the purposes of a
prosecution for any offence punishable under this Act, publishes or discloses
to any person the results of an analysis made under section 91, shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term, which may extend to six months
or with fine, which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.
Section 96A. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of sections
41B, 41C and 41H.(1) Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provisions of
sections 41B, 41C or 41H or the rules made thereunder, shall, in respect of
such failure or contravention, be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to seven years and with fine which may extend to two
lakh rupees, and in case the failure or contravention continues, with
additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day
during which such failure or contravention continues, after the conviction for
the first such failure or contravention.
(2) If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-section (1) continues
beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall
be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years.
Section 97. Offences by workers.-

(1) Subject to the provisions of section 111, if any worker employed in a

factory contravenes any provision of this Act or any rules or orders made
thereunder, imposing any duty or liability on workers, he shall be punishable
with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.
(2) Where a worker is convicted of an offence punishable under sub-section
(1) the occupier or manager of the factory shall not be deemed to be guilty
of an offence in respect of that contravention, unless it is proved that he
failed to take all reasonable measures for its prevention.
Section 98. Penalty for using false certificate of fitness.Whoever knowingly uses or attempts to use, as a certificate of fitness
granted to himself under section 70, a certificate granted to another person
under that section, or who, having procured such a certificate, knowingly
allow it to be used, or an attempt to use it to be made by, another person,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term, which may extend to two
months or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both.
Section 99. Penalty for permitting double employment of child.If a child works in a factory on any day on which he has already been
working in another factory, the parent or guardian of the child or the person
having custody of or control over him or obtaining any direct benefit from his
wages, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, unless it appears to the Court that the child so worked without the
consent or connivance of such parent, guardian or person.
Section 100.- Omitted by Act 20 of 1987
Section 101. Exemption of occupier or manager from liability in
certain cases.Where the occupier or manager of a factory is charged with an offence
punishable under this Act he shall be entitled, upon complaint duly made by
him and on giving to the prosecutor not less than three clear days' notice in
writing of his intention so to do, to have any other person whom he charges
as the actual offender brought before the Court at the time appointed for
hearing the charge; and if, after the commission of the offence has been
proved, the occupier or manager of the factory, as the case may be, proves
to the satisfaction of the Court

(a) that he has used due diligence to enforce the execution of this Act,
and

(b) that the said other person committed the offence in question
without his knowledge, consent or connivance,

that other person shall be convicted of the offence and shall be liable to the
like punishment as if he was the occupier or manager of the factory, and the
occupier or manager, as the case may be, shall be, discharged from any
liability under this Act in respect of such offence:
Provided that in seeking to prove as aforesaid, the occupier or manager of
the factory, as the case may be, may be examined on oath, and his evidence
and that of any witness whom he calls in his support, shall be subject to
cross-examination on behalf of the person he charges as the actual offender
and by the prosecutor:
Provided further that, if the person charged as the actual offender by the
occupier or manager, cannot be brought before the court at the time
appointed for hearing the charge, the court shall adjourn the hearing from
time to time for a period not exceeding three months and if by the end of
the said period the person charged as the actual offender cannot still be
brought before the court, the court shall proceed to hear the charge against
the occupier or manager and shall, if the offence be proved, convict the
occupier or manager.
Section 102. Power of court to make orders.(1) Where the occupier or manager of a factory is convicted of an offence
punishable under this Act the court may, in addition to awarding any
punishment, by order in writing require him, within a period specified in the
order (which the court may, if it thinks fit and on application in such- behalf,
from time to time extend) to take such measures as may be so specified for
remedying the matters in respect of which the offence was committed.
(2) Where an order is made under sub-section (1), the occupier or manager
of the factory, as the case may be, shall not be liable under this Act in
respect of the continuation of the offence during the period or extended
period, if any, allowed by the court, but if, on the expiry of such period or
extended period, as the case may be, the order of the court has not been
fully complied with, the occupier or manager, as the case may be, shall be
deemed to have committed a further offence, and may be sentenced
therefor by the court to undergo imprisonment for a term which may extend
to six months or to pay a fine which may extend to one hundred rupees for
every day after such expiry on which the order has not been complied with,
or both to undergo such imprisonment and to pay such fine as aforesaid.

Section 103. Presumption as to employment.If a person is found in a factory at any time, except during intervals for
meals or rest, when work is going on or the machinery is in motion, he shall
until the contrary is proved, be deemed for the purposes of this Act and the
rules made thereunder to have been at that time employed in the factory.
Section 104. Onus as to age.(1) When any act or omission would, if a person was under a certain age, be
an offence punishable under this Act, and such person is in the opinion of
the Court prima facie under such age, the burden shall be on the accused to
prove that such person is not under such age.
(2) A declaration in writing by a certifying surgeon relating to a worker that
he has personally examined him and believes him to be under the age stated
in such declaration shall, for the purposes of this Act and the rules made
thereunder, be admissible as evidence of the age of that worker.
Section 104A. Onus of proving limits of what is practicable, etc. In any proceeding for an offence for the contravention of any provision of
this Act or rules made thereunder consisting of a failure to comply with a
duty or requirement to do something, it shall be for the person who is
alleged to have failed to comply with such duty or requirement, to prove that
it was not reasonably practicable or as the case may be, all practicable
measures were taken to satisfy the duty or requirement.
Section 105. Cognizance of offences.(1) No court shall take cognizance of any offence under this Act except on
complaint by, or which previous sanction in writing of, an Inspector.
(2) No court below that of a Presidency Magistrate or of a Magistrate of the
first class shall try any offence punishable under this Act.
Section 106. Limitation of prosecution.No court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act
unless complaint thereof is made within three months of the date on which
he alleged commission of the offence, came to the knowledge of an
Inspector.

Provided that where the offence consists of disobeying a written order made
by an Inspector, complaint thereof may be made within six months of the
date on which the offence is alleged to have been committed.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this section,

(a) in the case of a continuing offence, the period of limitation

shall be computed with reference to every point of time during
which the offence continues;

(b) where for the performance of any act time is granted or

extended on an application made by the occupier or manager of
a factory the period of limitation shall be computed from the
date on which the time so granted or extended expired.

Section 106A. Jurisdiction of a court for entertaining proceedings,

etc., for offence.For the purposes of conferring jurisdiction on any court in relation to an
offence under this Act or the rules made thereunder in connection with the
operation of any plant, the place where the plant is for the time being
situate, shall be deemed to be the place where such offence has been
committed.

CHAPTER XI.- Supplemental

Section 107. Appeals.(1) The manager of a factory on whom an order in writing by an Inspector
has been served under the provisions of this Act or the occupier of the
factory may, within thirty days of the service of the order,appeal against it to
the prescribed authority, and such authority may subject to rules made in
this behalf by the State Government, confirm, modify or reverse the order.
(2) Subject to rules made in this behalf by the State Government (which
may prescribe classes of appeals which shall not be heard with the aid of
assessors), the appellate authority may, or if so required in the petition of
appeal shall, hear the appeal with the aid of assessors, one of whom shall be
appointed by the appellate authority and the other by such body
representing the industry concerned as may be prescribed:

Provided that if no assessor is appointed by such body before the time fixed
for hearing the appeal, or if the assessor so appointed fails to attend the
hearing at such time, the appellate authority may, unless satisfied that the
failure to attend is due to sufficient cause, proceed to hear the appeal
without the aid of such assessor or if it thinks fit, without the aid of any
assessor.
(3) Subject to such rules as the State Government may make in this behalf
and subject to such conditions as to partial compliance or the adoption of
temporary measures as the appellate authority may in any case think fit to
impose, the appellate authority may, if it thinks fit, suspend the order
appealed against, pending the decision of the appeal.
Section 108. Display of notices.(1) In addition to the notices required to be displayed in any factory by or
under this Act, there shall be displayed in every factory a notice continuing
such abstracts of this Act, and of the rules made thereunder as may be
prescribed and also the name and address of the Inspector and the certifying
surgeon.
(2) All notices required by or under this Act to be displayed in a factory shall
be in English and in a language understood by the majority of the workers in
the factory, and shall be displayed at some conspicuous and convenient
place at or near the main entrance to the factory, and shall be maintained in
a clean and legible condition.
(3) The Chief Inspector may, by order in writing serve on the manager of
any factory, require that there shall be displayed in the factory any other
notice or poster relating to the health, safety or welfare of the workers in the
factory.
Section 109. Service of notices.The State Government may make rules prescribing the manner of the
service of orders under this Act on owners, occupiers or managers of
factories.
Section 110. Returns.The State Government may make rules requiring owners, occupiers or
managers of factories to submit such returns, occasional or periodical, as
may in its opinion be required for the purpose of this Act,

Section 111. Obligations of workers.(1) No worker in a factory

(a) shall wilfully interfere with or misuse any appliance, convenience or

other things provided in a factory for the purposes of securing the
health, safety or welfare of the worker therein;

(b) shall wilfully and without reasonable cause do anything likely to

endanger himself or others; and

(c) shall wilfully neglect to make use of any appliances or other things
provided in the factory for the purposes of securing the health or
safety of the workers therein.

(2) If any worker employed in a factory contravenes any of the provisions of

this section or of any rule or order made thereunder, he shall be punishable
with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with
fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or with both.
Section 111A. Right of workers, etc.Every worker shall have the right to

(i) obtain from the occupier, information relating to worker's health

and safety at work,

(ii) get trained within the factory wherever possible, or, to get himself
sponsored by the occupier for getting trained at a training centre or
institute, duly approved by the Chief Inspector, where training is
imparted for workers' health and safety at work,

(iii) represent to the Inspector directly or through his representative in

the matter of inadequate provision for protection of his health or
safety in the factory.

Section 112. General power to make rules.The State Government may make rule providing for any matter which, under
any of the provisions of this Act, is to be or may be prescribed or which may
be considered expedient in order to give effect to the provisions of this Act.
Section 113. Powers of Centre to give directions.-

The Central Government may give directions to State Government as to the

carrying into execution of the provisions of this Act.
Section 114. No charge for facilities and conveniences.Subject to the provisions of section 46 no fee or charge shall be realized
from any worker in respect of any arrangement or facilities to be provided,
or any equipment or appliances to be supplied by the occupier under the
provisions of this Act.
Section 115. Publication of rules. (1) All rules made under this Act shall be published in the official Gazette
and shall be subject to the condition of previous publication, and the date to
be specified under clause (3) of section 23 of the General Clauses Act, 1897
(X of 1897), shall be not less than forty-five days from the date on which the
draft of the proposed rules was published.
(2) Every rule made by the State Government under this Act shall be laid, as
soon as may be, after it is made, before the State Legislature.
Section 116. Application of Act to Government factories.Unless otherwise provided this Act shall apply to factories belonging to
Central or any State Government.
Section 117. Protection of the persons acting under this Act.No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for
anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.
Section 118. Restriction on disclosure of information.(1) No Inspector shall, while in service or after leaving the service disclose
otherwise than in connection with execution, or for the purposes, of this Act,
any information relating to any manufacturing of commercial business or any
working process, which may come to his knowledge in the course of his
official duties.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to any disclosure of information
made with the previous consent in writing of the owner of such business or
process or for the purposes of any legal proceeding (including arbitration)
pursuant to this Act or of any criminal proceeding which may be taken,

whether pursuant to this Act or otherwise or, for the purposes of any report
of such proceedings as aforesaid.
(3) If any Inspector contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) he shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term, which may extend to six months
or with fine, which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
Section 118A. Restriction on disclosure of information.(1) Every Inspector shall treat as confidential the source of any complaint
brought to his notice on the breach of any provision of this Act.
(2) No Inspector shall, while making an inspection under this Act, disclose to
the occupier, manager or his representative that the inspection is made in
pursuance of the receipt of a complaint:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any case in which the
person who has made the complaint has consented to disclose his name.
Section 119. Act to have effect notwithstanding anything contained
in Act 37 of 1970.The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything
inconsistent therewith contained in the Contract Labour (Regulation and
Abolition) Act, 1970 or any other law for the time being in force.
Section 120. Repeal and savings.The enactment set out in the Table appended to this section are hereby
repealed:
Provided that anything done under the said enactments, which could have
been done under this Act, if it had been in force, shall be deemed to have
been done under this Act.