Stony Brook University Department of Physics and Astronomy
Stony Brook University Department of Physics and Astronomy
Stony Brook University Department of Physics and Astronomy
n = f ( p ) =
1 + exp
p
kT
n p and
the Fermi energy F (this is the energy of the largest momentum state pF ).
F 1
2 kT
+ ....
12 F
Hints:
d3p
.
(2 ) 3
V
3
d X ( ) f ( ) d X ( ) +
0
2
6
(kT ) 2
dX
d
+ .....
=
A large number N >>1 of non-interacting bosons are confined to move in a onedimensional quadratic potential producing harmonic oscillations of frequency for each
particle. The system is in equilibrium at temperature kT >> .
a) (10 points) Treating the system in the grand canonical ensemble, write down the
equation for the chemical potential of this gas of bosons. Calculate from this
equation replacing the sum over the oscillator states with an integral.
b) (5 points) From part (a), find the average occupation n0 of the ground state of the
oscillator and estimate the temperature range at which the gas of boson behaves as
classical ideal gas.
c) (5 points) Compare the average occupations n0 and n1 of the ground and the first
excited states and estimate the temperature at which n0 becomes considerably
larger than n1.