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    Cell Nucleus

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    rajikrajan
    The nucleus is a specialized structure found in most cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA organized into chromosomes. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that allow for transport of molecules. The nucleus controls and regulates cell activities like growth and metabolism by carrying out DNA transcription and protein synthesis. It also contains nucleoli that are involved in ribonucleic acid (RNA) production. The nucleus generally contains a cell's entire set of chromosomes and is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells.

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    Cell Nucleus

    Uploaded by

    rajikrajan
    82 views4 pages
    The nucleus is a specialized structure found in most cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA organized into chromosomes. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that allow for transport of molecules. The nucleus controls and regulates cell activities like growth and metabolism by carrying out DNA transcription and protein synthesis. It also contains nucleoli that are involved in ribonucleic acid (RNA) production. The nucleus generally contains a cell's entire set of chromosomes and is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells.

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    The nucleus is a specialized structure found in most cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA organized into chromosomes. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that allow for transport of molecules. The nucleus controls and regulates cell activities like growth and metabolism by carrying out DNA transcription and protein synthesis. It also contains nucleoli that are involved in ribonucleic acid (RNA) production. The nucleus generally contains a cell's entire set of chromosomes and is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    82 views4 pages

    Cell Nucleus

    Uploaded by

    rajikrajan
    The nucleus is a specialized structure found in most cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA organized into chromosomes. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that allow for transport of molecules. The nucleus controls and regulates cell activities like growth and metabolism by carrying out DNA transcription and protein synthesis. It also contains nucleoli that are involved in ribonucleic acid (RNA) production. The nucleus generally contains a cell's entire set of chromosomes and is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells.

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    Nucleus, in biology, a specialized structure occurring in most

    cells (except bacteria and blue-green algae) and separated


    from the rest of the cell by a double layer, the nuclear
    membrane. This membrane seems to be continuous with the
    endoplasmic reticulum (a membranous network) of the cell
    and has pores, which probably permit the entrance of large
    molecules. The nucleus controls and regulates the activities
    of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the
    genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.
    Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus; they
    play an important part in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid
    (RNA) and protein. The gel-like matrix in which the nuclear
    components are suspended is the nucleoplasm.
    A cell normally contains only one nucleus; under some
    conditions, however, the nucleus divides but the cytoplasm
    does not. This produces a multinucleate cell (syncytium)
    such as occurs in skeletal muscle fibres. Some cellse.g.,
    the human red blood celllose their nuclei upon maturation .

    Cell Nucleus - Commanding the Cell


    The cell nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control
    eating, movement, and reproduction. If it happens in a cell,
    chances are the nucleus knows about it. The nucleus is not
    always in the center of the cell. It will be a big dark spot
    somewhere in the middle of all of the cytoplasm (cytosol).
    You probably won't find it near the edge of a cell because
    that might be a dangerous place for the nucleus to be. If you
    don't remember, the cytoplasm is the fluid that fills cells.

    Life Before a Nucleus


    Not all cells have a nucleus. Biology breaks cell types into
    eukaryotic (those with a defined nucleus) and prokaryotic
    (those with no defined nucleus). You may have heard of
    chromatin and DNA. You don't need a nucleus to have DNA.
    If you don't have a defined nucleus, your DNA is probably
    floating around the cell in a region called the nucleoid. A

    defined nucleus that holds the genetic code is an advanced


    feature in a cell.

    Important Materials in the Envelope


    The things that make a eukaryotic cell are a defined nucleus
    and other organelles. The nuclear envelope surrounds the
    nucleus and all of its contents. The nuclear envelope is a
    membrane similar to the cell membrane around the whole
    cell. There are pores and spaces for RNA and proteins to pass
    through while the nuclear envelope keeps all of the
    chromatin and nucleolus inside.
    When the cell is in a resting state there is something called
    chromatin in the nucleus. Chromatin is made of DNA, RNA,
    and nuclear proteins. DNA and RNA are the nucleic acids
    inside of the cell. When the cell is going to divide, the
    chromatin becomes very compact. It condenses. When the
    chromatin comes together, you can see the chromosomes.
    You will also find the nucleolus inside of the nucleus. When
    you look through a microscope, it looks like a nucleus inside
    of the nucleus. It is made of RNA and protein. It does not
    have much DNA at all.
    What is the nucleus and
    what does it do?
    The nucleus regulates
    all cell activity. It does
    this by controlling the enzymes present. The chromatin
    is composed of DNA. DNA contains the information for
    the production of proteins.
    What is the nucleus of a cell?
    The cell nucleus contains the majority of the cell's genetic material in the form of
    multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes. Each
    human cell contains roughly two meters of DNA.

    The Nucleus

    DNA is turned into RNA through transcription

    Your cells are fine-tuned and well-oiled machines. For the most part, they run smoothly, like
    a brand-new car on a freshly-paved surface. Many cells have an extremely important
    structure that holds all the essential information vital to their ability to perform. Each of these
    cells comes with an owner's manual - instructions on how to run day to day operations and
    specialized functions. These instructions are your DNA, which is stored in its very own
    cellular glove compartment - the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that
    contains the genetic material of a cell. The plural of nucleus is nuclei. Not all cells have
    nuclei, but many cells, such as those in plants, fungi, animals, and protists, contain these
    structures.
    The nucleus is not just a storage compartment for DNA. It's the site of some essential cellular
    processes. First, DNA can be duplicated in the nucleus. This process is called replication and
    creates an identical copy of DNA. Creating two identical copies of the owner's manual is the
    first step in cell division, where each new cell will get its own set of instructions.
    Second, the nucleus is the site of transcription. The central dogma of biology states that DNA
    is copied into RNA, which is then turned into protein.
    Transcription is the process of creating different types of RNA from DNA. Transcription
    would be like making copies of individual pages of the owner's manual that can then be
    passed out and read by the rest of the cell.
    There are three types of RNA that are formed in the nucleus. mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a
    code that can be read by the cytoplasmic structure called the ribosome during translation.
    Translation is a process that creates proteins from mRNA. A ribosome, which we will
    discuss in future lessons, is made up of proteins and a second type of RNA, rRNA or
    ribosomal RNA. tRNA, or transfer RNA, is also used during the process of translation. All
    three of these RNA types - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA - are created by the process of
    transcription within the nucleus.

    Nuclear Structure and Organization

    Import proteins help NLS proteins pass through the nuclear pores

    The nucleus is the structure responsible for containing DNA and providing a place for
    replication and transcription. These processes make sure that the instructions on how to make
    you who you are carried out. This is obviously a very important job, so to keep the cell
    functioning at top speeds, the nucleus is a well-organized structure.
    The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which is a double membrane comprised of
    an outer membrane and an inner membrane. This double membrane shields the nucleus and
    its contents from unwanted guests. Some proteins need to be in the nucleus to assist in
    processes such as replication and transcription. Many proteins, however, have no business
    being there. Your DNA, your very own patented genetic owner's manual, is a unique and
    prized possession. It needs to be protected.

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