Physical Education Project On Cricket: Cricket - "A Magic Word in The Sphere of Sports."
Physical Education Project On Cricket: Cricket - "A Magic Word in The Sphere of Sports."
Physical Education Project On Cricket: Cricket - "A Magic Word in The Sphere of Sports."
CRICKET
EDUCATION
PROJECT
ON
INTRODUCTION
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of
11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a
rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score
as
many runs as
possible
while
the
other
team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus
limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by
the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to
the opposite end of the pitch and touching the crease there
without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting
and fielding at the end of an innings.
In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20
overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket played
over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by
the International
Cricket
Council (ICC)
and
the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional
Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day
Internationals.[1]
Cricket is the second most popular sport in the world
behind soccer. The ICC, the game's governing body, has tenfull
members.[3] The game is played particularly in Australasia,
the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies, Southern Africa and
England.
HISTORY
The
game
of cricket has
a known history
spanning
from
the 16th century
to the present
day,
with
international
matches played
since
1844,
although
the
official
history
of international Test cricket began in 1877. During this
time, the game developed from its origins in England into a
game which is now played professionally in most of
the Commonwealth of Nations.
The first evidence of cricket being played was recorded in the
year 1550, by the pupils of Royal Grammar School,
Guildford. In the year 1611 it is reported that two young men
from Sussex were punished for playing cricket instead of going
to the church. The first match is recorded to have been played
at Coxheath in Kent in the year 1646.
Cricket was in fact a major gambling sport towards the end of
the 17th century. It is recorded that in the year 1679, a 11-aside match was played with stakes as high as 50 guineas per
side.
During the 18th century cricket survived and thrived due to
the huge amounts of money via monetary backing and
gambling. The first instance of a match to be played between
counties in England is recorded to be on 29th June in the year
1709. This match was played between Surrey and Kent at
Dartford Brent.
INDIAN CRICKET
21ST-CENTURY CRICKET
Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants,
spectators and media interest.
Cricket's newest innovation is Twenty20, essentially an
evening entertainment. It has so far enjoyed enormous
popularity and has attracted large attendances at matches as
well as good TV audience ratings. The inaugural ICC Twenty20
World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a follow-up event
in 2009. The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India the
unofficial Indian Cricket League, which started in 2007, and
the official Indian Premier League, starting in 2008 raised
much speculation in the cricketing press about their effect on
the future of cricket.
CRICKET EQUIPMENTS
WICKET AND CREASES - A wicket is three stakes or stumps
placed into the ground so that a cricket ball cannot pass
between them. There are two wickets, which the bowler
attacks and which the batsman defends. The creases are lines
of whitewash that mark the ground at each wicket. The
bowling and return creases mark the area where the bowler's
rear foot must be placed when bowling the ball; the popping
crease marks the area which is the batsman's ground.
BAT AND BALL - The bat is paddle shaped made of willow
and approximately 11 centimeters wide. It, including the
handle, may not under regulation exceed 97 centimeters in
length. The ball is made of a core of cork encased in red
leather. The two leather halves are sewn together with a raised
seam. A baseball is slightly heavier, softher, and larger than a
standard cricket ball.
CRICKET LANGUAGE
CAPPED - A cricket player is"capped" when he is selected to
play for a representative team. This term comes from the use
of club caps in the game.
REPRESENTATIVE TEAM - A "representative team" is a
team of cricket players selected by their ability to represent a
county, a country, etc. These players are normally selected
from among club teams or minor teams.)
INNINGS - An innings has actually several term usages in
cricket. (1) It is a turn of a batsman to bat, (2) a turn of a team
to bat, or (3) when results are being given, it is when one team
still has a turn to bat but has scored more runs than the
opposing team (which has completed its two innings.)
FOLLOW ON - To "follow on" occurs when a team bats out of
turn (e.g. second innings directly after first innings) after
scoring less than the opposing team in first innings by a
certain number of runs.
LAWS OF CRICKET
The laws of cricket are a set of rules established by
the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) which describe the laws
of cricketworldwide, to ensure uniformity and fairness. There
are currently 42 laws, which outline all aspects of how the
game is played .
PLAYERS AND OFFICIALS
The first four laws cover the players, the umpires and the
scorers.
Law 1: The players. A cricket team consists of eleven players,
including a captain. Outside of official competitions, teams can
agree to play more than eleven-a-side, though no more than
eleven players may field.
Law 2: Substitutes. In cricket, a substitute may be brought
on for an injured fielder. However, a substitute may not bat,
bowl, keep wicket or act as captain. The original player may
return if he has recovered. A batsman who becomes unable to
run may have a runner, who completes the runs while the
batsman continues batting. Alternatively, a batsman may retire
hurt or ill, and may return later to resume his innings if he
recovers.
Law 3: The umpires. There are two umpires, who apply the
Laws, make all necessary decisions, and relay the decisions to
the scorers. While not required under the laws of cricket, in
higher level cricket a third umpire (located off the ground and
available to assist the on-field umpires) may be used under the
specific playing conditions of a particular match or
tournament.
AN UMPIRE
Law 6: The bat. The bat is no more than 38 inches (97 cm) in
length, and no more than 4.25 inches (10.8 cm) wide. The
hand or glove holding the bat is considered part of the bat.
Ever since the Heavy Metal incident, a highly publicized
marketing attempt by Dennis Lillee, who brought out
an aluminium bat during an international game, the laws have
provided that the blade of the bat must be made of wood (and
in practice, they are made from White Willowwood).
Law 7: The pitch. The pitch is a rectangular area of the
ground 22 yards (20 m) long and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide. The
Ground Authority selects and prepares the pitch, but once the
game has started, the umpires control what happens to the
pitch. The umpires are also the arbiters of whether the pitch is
fit for play, and if they deem it unfit, with the consent of both
captains can change the pitch. Professional cricket is almost
always played on a grass surface. However, in the event a nonturf pitch is used, the artificial surface must have a minimum
length of 58 ft (18 m) and a minimum width of 6 ft (1.8 m).
stroke nor trying to avoid being hit. Byes and leg-byes are
credited to the team's but not the batsman's total.
MECHANICS OF DISMISSAL
Law 27: Appeals. If the fielders believe a batsman is out, they
may ask the umpire "How's That?", commonly shouted
emphatically with arms raised, before the next ball is bowled.
The umpire then decides whether the batsman is out. Strictly
speaking, the fielding side must appeal for all dismissals,
including obvious ones such as bowled. However, a batsman
who is obviously out will normally leave the pitch without
waiting for an appeal or a decision from the umpire.
Law 28: The wicket is down. Several methods of being out
occur when the wicket is put down. This means that the wicket
is hit by the ball, or the batsman, or the hand in which a fielder
is holding the ball, and at least one bail is removed.
Law 29: Batsman out of his ground. The batsmen can be
run out or stumped if they are out of their ground. A batsman
is in his ground if any part of him or his bat is on the ground
behind the popping crease. If both batsman are in the middle
of the pitch when a wicket is put down, the batsman closer to
that end is out.
WAYS TO GET OUT
Law 30: Bowled. A batsman is out if his wicket is put down by
a ball delivered by the bowler. It is irrelevant whether the ball
has touched the bat, glove, or any part of the batsman before
going on to put down the wicket, though it may not touch
another player or an umpire before doing so.
Law 31: Timed out. An incoming batsman must be ready to
face a ball (or be at the crease with his partner ready to face a
ball) within 3 minutes of the outgoing batsman being
dismissed, otherwise the incoming batsman will be out.
Law 32: Caught. If a ball hits the bat or the hand holding the
bat and is then caught by the opposition within the field of play
before the ball bounces, then the batsman is out.
Law 33: Handled the ball. If a batsman willfully handles the
ball with a hand that is not touching the bat without the
consent of the opposition, he is out.
Law 34: Hit the ball twice. If a batsman hits the ball twice,
other than for the sole purpose of protecting his wicket or with
the consent of the opposition, he is out.
Law 35: Hit wicket. If, after the bowler has entered his
delivery stride and while the ball is in play, a batsman puts his
wicket down by his bat or his body he is out. The striker is also
out hit wicket if he puts his wicket down by his bat or his body
in setting off for a first run. "Body" includes the clothes and
equipment of the batsman.
Law 36: Leg before wicket (LBW). If the ball hits the
batsman without first hitting the bat, but would have hit the
wicket if the batsman was not there, and the ball does not
pitch on the leg side of the wicket, the batsman will be out.
However, if the ball strikes the batsman outside the line of the
off-stump, and the batsman was attempting to play a stroke, he
is not out.
Law 37: Obstructing the field. If a batsman
obstructs the opposition by word or action, he is out.
willfully
Law 38: Run out. A batsman is out if at any time while the
ball is in play no part of his bat or person is grounded behind
the popping crease and his wicket is fairly put down by the
opposing side.
Law 39: Stumped. A batsman is out when the wicket-keeper
(see Law 40) puts down the wicket, while the batsman is out of
his crease and not attempting a run.
FIELDERS
OBJECTIVES OF CRICKET
The objective of each team is to score more runs than the
other team and to completely dismiss the other team. In
Individual focus
Spirit of the Game
Influence of weather
Uniqueness of each field
TYPES OF MATCHES
Cricket is a multi-faceted sport which, in very broad terms, can
be divided into major cricket and minor cricket based on
playing standards. A more pertinent division, particularly in
terms of major cricket, is between matches in which the teams
have two innings apiece and those in which they have a single
innings each. The former, known as first-class cricket, has a
duration of three to five days (there have been examples of
"timeless" matches too); the latter, known as limited overs
cricket because each team bowls a limit of typically 50 or 20
overs, has a planned duration of one day only (a match can be
extended if necessary due to bad weather, etc.).
Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hours
of playing time each day. Limited overs matches often last
six hours or more. There are usually formal intervals on each
day for lunch and tea with brief informal breaks for drinks.
There is also a short interval between innings. Historically, a
form of cricket known as single wicket had been extremely
successful. In this form, although each team may have from
one to six players, there is only one batsman at a time and he
must face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts.
Test cricket
.
Test cricket is the highest standard of first-class cricket. A Test
match is an international fixture between teams representing
those countries that are Full Members of the ICC.
Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much
later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches
between Australia and England in
the187677
Australian
season. Subsequently, eight other national teams have
achieved
Test
status: South
Africa (1889), West
Indies (1928), New
Zealand (1929), India(1932), Pakistan (1952), Sri
Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992)
and Bangladesh(2000).
Zimbabwe suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its inability
to compete against other Test teams, [38] and returned in 2011.
[39]
Limited overs
Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1895. The team won the first
of its 30 County Championship titles in 1893.
First-class cricket includes Test cricket but the term is
generally used to refer to the highest level of domestic cricket
in those countries with full ICC membership, although there
are exceptions to this. First-class cricket in England is played
for the most part by the 18 county clubs which contest
the County Championship. The concept of a champion
county has existed since the 18th century but the official
competition was not established until 1890. The most
successful club has beenYorkshire County Cricket Club with 30
official titles.
Australia established its national first-class championship in
189293 when theSheffield Shield was introduced. In
Australia, the first-class teams represent the various
states. New South Wales has won the maximum number of
titles with 45 to 2008.
National championship trophies to be established elsewhere
included the Ranji Trophy (India), Plunket Shield (New
Zealand), Currie
Cup (South
Africa)
and Shell
INTERNATIONAL STRUCTURE-ICC
The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that play official
Test matches, 34 Associate Members, and 60 Affiliate
Members.[41] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and
governance of cricket's major international tournaments,
notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires
and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One
Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. Each nation
has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches
played in its country. The cricket board also selects the
national squad and organises home and away tours for the
national team. In the West Indies these matters are addressed
by the West Indies Cricket Board which consists of members
appointed by four national boards and two multi-national
boards.
Vision of Success
As a leading global sport , cricket will captivate and inspire
people of every age, gender, background and ability, while
building bridges between continents, countries and
communities.
Strategic Direction
A Bigger Better Global Game
Targeting more players, more fans, more competitive teams.
Our long-term success will be judged on growth in
participation and public interest and the competitiveness of
teams participating in men's and women's international
cricket.
Mission Statement - Leading World Cricket by:
* Providing a world class environment for international cricket
* Delivering "major' events across three formats
* Providing targeted support to Members
* Promoting the global game.
STRATEGIC PLAN
The
Way
Forward
for
International
Cricket
matches
contested
in
50
overs
per
side
format.
There have been ten events so far, with the first tournament
taking
place
in
England
in
1975.
The last ICC Cricket World Cup took place in 2011 in which
was won by India, who hosted the tournament along with
Bangladesh
and
Sri
Lanka.
Other winners of the event include Australia (1987, 1999,
2003, 2007), West Indies (1975, 1979), India (1983), Pakistan
(1992)
and
Sri
Lanka
(1996).
The next ICC Cricket World Cup will be staged in Australia and
New Zealand in 2015.
The ICC Player Rankings are the official guide to the relative merits of batsmen, bowlers and allrounders in Test match and ODI cricket.
The ICC ODI Womens Rankings provide an opportunity to showcase the leading stars in the womens
international game.
If you want to know what the rankings were on any specific date from history, visit Date-Specific
Rankings while to see which players have held the highest rankings in history click on Best-Ever
Ratings.
ID
Rat.
Name
906
S.P.D. Smith
878
J.E. Root
875
K.S. Williamson
863
H.M. Amla
845
Younus Khan
810
A.B. de Villiers
802
A.C. Voges
785
A.M. Rahane
776
R.L. Taylor
10
772
D.A. Warner
Nat.
Top 100
ID
Rat.
Name
870
J.M. Anderson
859
R. Ashwin
854
D.W. Steyn
Nat.
836
S.C.J. Broad
831
H.M.R.K.B. Herath
806
Yasir Shah
792
M.A. Starc
773
R.A. Jadeja
766
T.A. Boult
10
718
N. Wagner
Top 100
ID
Rat.
Name
887
A.B. de Villiers
813
V. Kohli
778
H.M. Amla
752
K.S. Williamson
751
M.J. Guptill
750
R.G. Sharma
741
J.E. Root
737
S Dhawan
Nat.
735
Q. de Kock
10
734
T.M. Dilshan
Top 100
ID
Rat.
Name
759
S.P. Narine
731
T.A. Boult
699
Shakib Al Hasan
693
Imran Tahir
681
M.A. Starc
675
M.J. Henry
645
K. Rabada
645
D.W. Steyn
628
M. Morkel
10
613
Mohammad Irfan
Nat.
Top 100
ID
Rat.
Name
Nat.
820
V. Kohli
803
A.J. Finch
754
M.J. Guptill
741
F. du Plessis
735
J.E. Root
719
K.S. Williamson
699
A.D. Hales
674
Mohammad Shahzad
668
C.H. Gayle
10
657
H. Masakadza
Top 100
ID
Rat.
Name
743
S. Badree
740
Imran Tahir
735
J.J. Bumrah
684
R. Ashwin
674
Shahid Afridi
671
K.J. Abbott
Nat.
668
S.P. Narine
655
A.F. Milne
641
J.P. Faulkner
10
638
Mohammad Nabi
Top 10