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    5G Antenna Requirment

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    Ashwani Kumar
    The document discusses challenges for 5G antenna design including higher frequencies and the need for beam steering arrays. It provides examples of a mobile antenna array design using simulation software and a MIMO base station array. The mobile array example shows element design, array synthesis, performance including coupling effects, and system-level simulations with hand models. The base station array utilizes polarization and spatial diversity for improved efficiency and beamforming capabilities.

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    5G Antenna Requirment

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Kumar
    58 views34 pages
    The document discusses challenges for 5G antenna design including higher frequencies and the need for beam steering arrays. It provides examples of a mobile antenna array design using simulation software and a MIMO base station array. The mobile array example shows element design, array synthesis, performance including coupling effects, and system-level simulations with hand models. The base station array utilizes polarization and spatial diversity for improved efficiency and beamforming capabilities.

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    The document discusses challenges for 5G antenna design including higher frequencies and the need for beam steering arrays. It provides examples of a mobile antenna array design using simulation software and a MIMO base station array. The mobile array example shows element design, array synthesis, performance including coupling effects, and system-level simulations with hand models. The base station array utilizes polarization and spatial diversity for improved efficiency and beamforming capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views34 pages

    5G Antenna Requirment

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Kumar
    The document discusses challenges for 5G antenna design including higher frequencies and the need for beam steering arrays. It provides examples of a mobile antenna array design using simulation software and a MIMO base station array. The mobile array example shows element design, array synthesis, performance including coupling effects, and system-level simulations with hand models. The base station array utilizes polarization and spatial diversity for improved efficiency and beamforming capabilities.

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    Simulation-Enabled 5G Antenna Design

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Agenda
    5G Motivation and Challenges

    Mobile Device Antenna Array Example


    Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    5G Motivation and Challenges


    Consumer device bandwidth requirements increasing
    at rapid rates
    Historical (4,3G) bands below 3 GHz increasingly
    crowded
    Push for 28+ GHz frequency for 5G
    subject to relatively high atmospheric attenuation
    smaller wavelength more susceptible to multipath loss

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    5G Antenna design
    Antenna Requirements

    Efficiency is critical, targeted Gain of 12 dB for mobile


    device and 25 dB for base stations

    Gain cannot come at the expense of coverage beam


    steered arrays ideal solution

    Omni-directional

    Diversity Gain can also be leveraged MIMO

    Simulation challenges

    High frequency and array topology pose simulation


    challenges (memory, system complexity)

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Beam-steered

    Diversity / MIMO Antennas


    Simple Maximal Signal Diversity Gain

    Multi-path signal transmission may


    lead to destructive signal overlay
    resulting in local deep dips
    (called Rayleigh-Fading)

    Antenna 1

    Multiple antennas (antenna diversity)


    may overcome this problem

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Antenna 2
    best of (diversity gain)

    Mobile Antenna Array


    Element-> Array
    design

    Device level
    performance

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    System level
    performance

    Choose an antenna
    Keyword search

    Specifications

    Designed antenna

    Full 3D EM Simulation

    Export to CST MWS

    Estimated performance

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Optimized design

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Mobile Antenna Array Synthesis


    Synthesize planar array for 8 dB
    gain from Array Factor @ 28 GHz

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Mobile Antenna Array Synthesis

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Finite Array Performance


    Broadside radiation

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Full S-Parameter Matrix

    Best Achievable Pattern


    Theta = 0 deg
    Phi = 0 deg

    Theta = 15 deg
    Phi = 30 deg

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Array coverage

    Theta=10

    Theta=45

    Theta=85
    Theta 60->12 dBi
    Theta 90-> 4.5 dBi

    Best achievable pattern


    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Mobile Antenna Array


    Element-> Array
    design

    Device level
    performance

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    System level
    performance

    System Assembly Modelling (SAM)

    SAM provides convenient layout assembly


    to bring in phone and other antenna
    models
    Several copies of array independently
    placed and parameterizable
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Layout Modelling
    After wiring system, switch to layout view
    and align antenna arrays

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Layout Modelling

    Lower hemispherical array needs to


    be flipped to aim downward
    Rotate on axis for diversity

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Simulation Task

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Simulation Performance

    3.5 Minutes simulation time per excitation on dual CPU workstation with
    NVIDIA Kepler 20 GPU (10% GPU capacity)
    3.48 GB of system Memory utilized for initial Matrix Calculation

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Installed Performance - Coupling

    Both arrays operating (boresight), pattern intact

    In band coupling to WIFI antenna, GPS coupling at


    5G operating frequency

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Installed Performance - Coupling

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Installed Performance - Envelope

    Relatively, low coupling to GPS at 28 GHz, but radiation angles towards GPS
    antenna are affected
    Best Achievable Pattern envelope clearly shows performance degraded
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Mobile Antenna Array


    Element-> Array
    design

    Device level
    performance

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    System level
    performance

    Posable CTIA Hand Models

    CST Installation Help Files include both static and posable CTIA Hand (+spacer)
    models
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    System Assembly Modelling

    Add posed hand model to System


    model and align to spacer in Layout
    mode
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Simulation Performance

    15 Minutes simulation time per excitation


    on dual CPU workstation with nVIDIA Kepler
    20 GPU (~35% GPU capacity)
    8.5 GB of system Memory utilized for initial
    Matrix Calculation
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Effects of Hand Model


    Top hemisphere array is largely unaffected
    Bottom array highly dependent on finger
    proximity

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    MIMO Base Station Array Example

    [1] Konstantinos Prionidis, MIMO Configurable Array for Sector / Omni-Directional Coverage, Department of Signals
    & Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2014

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Huawei MIMO Base Station Example


    Novel antenna array concept study for small cell
    sizes (higher capacity and efficiency), 25% bandwidth
    at 2GHz
    MIMO Diversity gain central to improved efficiency
    2 logical ports; Polarization diversity utilized
    (Eh and Ev received)
    12 physical ports (spatial diversity)
    Unique 360azimuth plane beam forming capabilities
    Elevation up
    capabillities

    and

    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    down

    tilt

    beam

    steering

    Horizontal Element
    Horizontal (top)

    Vertical (bottom)

    4 printed arc-dipoles, centrally fed


    Printed stack up and parasitic tuning elements used to
    obtain good compromise between size and bandwidth
    (~27%)
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Vertical Element

    Vertical (top)

    Horizontal (bottom)
    Small ground monopole
    Planar width increases bandwidth
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Obtained Return Loss

    Broadband impedance matching obtained, while maintaining compact antenna


    configuration
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Array Design and Considerations

    Spacing between horizontal elements a challenge,


    grating lobes for array
    Top and bottom ground plates introduce phased
    reflections to mitigate; acts as a small ground for
    vertical monopole elements
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

    Summary
    5G Antenna Device design will require high efficiency devices at
    frequencies approaching mm wave
    Beam steering capability to have omni-directional patterns

    MIMO to leverage diversity gain


    Antenna Magus provides Antenna and Array synthesis for rapid
    design exploration
    System level simulation increasingly important for antenna
    performance
    CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

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