Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) - A Perfect Healer For Power Quality Improvement

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.
4, April 2016
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)- A perfect healer for

power Quality Improvement
Arun Kumar Rath1, Smita Chatarjee2, Jayanti Singh3
Asst.Professor1, B.Tech final year2,3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering1, 2, 3
Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology1, 2, 3
Email id: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - This project entitled Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) - A perfect healer for Power Quality
Improvement is this project. Power quality problem is due to variation in voltage, current or frequency that
results in the failure of user side utility. One of the major problems of power quality issue is due to voltage sag.
In order to solve this problem, custom based power devices are used. One such device is dynamic voltage
Restorer (DVR), it is the most effective modern custom power device and is used in power distribution
networks. This paper may help the young electrical engineers in knowing about power quality problems and
overview of DVR.
Key words: - power quality, voltage sags/swells, DVR, custom power device, MATLAB/SIMULINK.
1. INTRODUCTION
Power Quality problems deals with a wide range of
disturbances such as voltage sags/swells, flicker,
harmonics distortion, impulse transient and
interruptions . Voltage sags can occur at any instant
of time, with amplitudes ranging from 10-90% and
a duration lasting for half a cycle to one minute.
Voltage swell, on the other hand, is defined as an
increase in r.m.s voltage or current at the power
frequency for durations from half a cycles to 1 min,
typical magnitudes are between 1.1 and 1.8 p.u..
Voltage sags are most severe power quality
problem in distribution system while voltage swells
are not as important as voltage sags because they
are less common in distribution systems. Voltage
sag and swell can cause sensitive equipment to shut
down or fail, as well as create a large voltage and
current unbalances that could blow fuses or trip
breakers. These effects can be very expensive for
the customer, ranging from minority quality
variations to production downtime and equipment
damage.
There are many different methods to mitigate
voltage sags and swells, but the use of a custom
power device is considered to be the most efficient
method. For higher power sensitive loads where the
energy storage capabilities of uninterruptible power
supplies (UPS) become very costly, the dynamic
voltage restorer (DVR) shows promise in providing
a more cost effective solution. DVR uses a seriesconnected topology to add voltage to the supply in
the case when a sag is detected. Switching off a
large inductive load or energizing a large capacitor
bank is a typical system event that causes swells.
This paper introduces Dynamic Voltage Restorer
and its operating principle. Then, a simple control
based on PI method is used to compensate voltage
sags/swell. At the end, MATLAB/SIMULINK
model based simulated results were presented to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed control
method of DVR.
2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Dynamic Voltage Restorer is a series connected
device designed to maintain a constant RMS
voltage value across a sensitive load. Main parts of
DVR are:
(i) Control System
(ii) Energy Storage
(iii) Voltage Source Converter
(iv) Harmonic Filter
(v) Injection/series transformer
152
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.4, April 2016

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
source impedance
Injection
transformer
LOAD
AC
losses of the semiconductors in this current loop

contribute to the losses. The DVR will be the most
of the time in this mode. In boost mode ( > 0),
the DVR is injecting a compensation voltage
through the booster transformer due to a detection
of a supply voltage disturbances.
filter
Control unit
Voltage source converter
DC energy storage unit
Fig 1: schematic diagram of DVR

The main function of a DVR is the protection of
sensitive loads from voltage sags/swells coming
from the network. DVR should be located on
approach of sensitive loads. If a fault occurs on
other lines, DVR inserts series voltage and
compensates load voltage to pre fault value. The
momentary amplitudes of the three injected phase
voltages are controlled such as to eliminate any
detrimental effects of a bus fault to the load
voltage . This means that any differential voltages
caused by transient disturbances in the ac feeder
will be compensated by an equivalent voltage
generated by the converter and injected on the
medium voltage level through the booster
transformer.
The DVR works independently of the type of
fault or any event that happens in the system,
provided that the whole system remains connected
to the supply grid, i.e. the line breaker does not trip.
For most practical cases, a more economical design
can be achieved by only compensating the positive
and negative sequence components of the voltage
disturbances seen at the input of the DVR. This
option is reasonable because for a typical
distribution bus configuration, the zero sequence
part of a disturbance will not pass through the step
down transformer because of infinite impedance
for this component.
The DVR has two modes of operation which
are: standby mode and boost mode. In standby
mode ( =0), the booster transformers low
voltage winding is shorted through the converter.
No switching of semiconductors occurs in this
mode of operation, because the individual
converter legs are triggered such as to establish a
short-circuit path for the transformer connection.
Therefore, only the comparatively low conduction
Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of DVR

Above figure shows the equivalent circuit of the
DVR, when the source voltage is drop or increase,
the DVR injects a series voltage through the
injection transformer so that the desired load
voltage magnitude can be maintained. The series
injected voltage magnitude can be maintained.
The series injected voltage of the DVR can be
written as
= +
(1)
Where;
is the desired load voltage magnitude
is the source voltage during sags/swells

condition ,
The load current is given by,
=
()
(2)
3. PROPOSED METHOD
Figure 3 shows the configuration of the proposed
DVR design using MATLAB/SIMULINK, where
the outputs of a three-phase ridge inverter are
connected to the utility supply via wye-open
connected series transformer.
Once a voltage disturbances occurs, with the aid of
dqo transformation based control scheme, the
inverter output can be steered in phase with the
incoming ac source while the load is maintained
153

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
constant. As for the filtering scheme of the
proposed method, output of inverter is installed
with capacitors and inductors.
4. DESIGN OF DVR
Control unit is the heart of DVR. The basic
function of a controller in a DVR are the detection
of voltage sag/swell events in the system,
generation of trigger pulses to the sinusoidal PWM
based DC-AC inverter, computation of the
correcting voltage, correction of any anomalies in
the series voltage injection and termination of the
trigger pulses when the event has passed. The
controller may also be used to shift the DC-AC
inverter into rectifier mode to charge the capacitors
in the DC energy link in the absence of voltage
sags/swells. The dqo transformation or parks
transformation [6-7] is used to control of DVR. The
dqo method gives the sag depth and phase shift
information with start and end times. The quantities
are expressed as the instantaneous space vectors.
Firstly convert the voltage from a-b-c reference
frame to d-q-o reference. Zero sequence component
is ignored.
Proposed control technique block is shown in the
figure
below:
comparison of reference voltage with actual

measured voltage of system and hence switching
pulses of voltage source converter will generate by
discrete PWM generator. VSC used in this paper is
MOSFET based power electronic device. Voltage
source converter will supply ac voltage through
injection transformer.
6.
SIMULATION
DISCUSSION
RESULTS
AND
DVR shown in figure is simulated for voltage sags,

voltage swells and source voltage containing
harmonics.
V.1 Voltage Sags
Simulation started with the 40% voltage sag in
supply voltage initiated at 0.1 second and will
remain up to 0.2 second with total sag duration of
0.1 second. DVR will inject the positive voltage
component in all the three phases voltage only for
these durations to compensate load voltage. It is
observed that during sag period load voltage has
some minor transients.
The effectiveness of the DVR under unbalanced
conditions with 80% single phase voltage sag on a
utility grid is shown in the figure. DVR will keep
the load voltages constant at 1 p.u.
Figure 3: Simulink Model for DVR

5. SIMULATION MODEL
Proposed system configuration is prepared in
Simulink. Since DVR is series connecting device
so it will connect in series in the distribution
system. Here programmable voltage source is used
as a source voltage. L.V. side of injection
transformer is connected to voltage sourced
converter. Error voltage generated through
Figure 4: three phase voltage sag - source voltage

when the supply voltage contains harmonics:
DVR is also simulated by considering the
harmonics present in the normal supply voltage.
154

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
DVR will inject appropriate voltage to compensate
for the harmonics and keeps the load voltage at its
fundamental.
Figure5:
supply
voltage
containing
harmonics(a)source
voltage(b)injected
voltage(c)DC voltage across DVR
DVR reduces the THD of 33% at source voltage to
1.61% at load voltage, showing the proper
operation.
7. CONCLUSION
(a)
The modelling and simulation of a DVR using

MATLAB/SIMULINK has been presented. A
scaled error between source side of the DVR and
its reference for sag/swell correction has been
presented. The simulation shows that the DVR
performance is satisfactory in mitigating voltage
sags/swells. DVR can also compensate for
harmonic voltage. Its proper operation shows that
DVR reduces the THD from faulted voltage to
corrected constant load voltage. DVR handles both
balanced and unbalanced situations to keep the load
voltage balanced and constant at the nominal value.
REFERENCES
(b)
(c)
[1] N.G. Hingorani, Introducing Custom Power in

IEEE Spectrum, 32p, pp. 4l-48, 1995.
[2] IEEE Std. 1159 1995, Recommended
Practice for Monitoring Electric Power
Quality.
[3] P. Boonchiam and N. Mithulananthan,
Understanding of Dynamic Voltage Restorers
through MATLAB Simulation, Thammasat
Int. J. Sc. Tech., Vol. 11, No. 3, July-Sept 2006.
[4] J. G. Nielsen, M. Newman, H. Nielsen,and F.
Blaabjerg, Control and testing of a dynamic
voltage restorer (DVR) at medium voltage
level, IEEE Trans.Power Electron., vol. 19,
no. 3,p.806,May 2004.
[5] A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, Power Quality
Enhancement
Using
Custom
Power
Devices,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[6] S. Chen, G. Joos, L. Lopes, and W. Guo, "A
nonlinear control method of dynamic voltage
restorers," in 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual Power
Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002, pp.
88- 93.
[7] R. Buxton, "Protection from voltage dips with
the dynamic voltage restorer," in IEE Half Day
Colloquium on Dynamic Voltage Restorers
Replacing Those Missing Cycles, 1998, pp. 3/13/6.
[8] M.H.Haque Compensation of distribution
system voltage sag by DVR and DSTATCOM
Power Tech Proceedings, 2001 IEEE Porto,
Volume: 1 , 10-13 Sept. 2001 Pages:5 pp. vol.1.
[9] Arindam Ghosh, Gerard Ledwich, Structures
and Control of a Dynamic Voltage
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Regulator,\Power Engineering Society Winter
Meeting, pp. 10271032, 2001.
[10] Russel Buxton, Protection from Voltage Dips
with the Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Dynamic
Power Ltd. Review, pp. 3/1-3/6, 1998.
[11] John Godsk Nielsen, Analysis of Topologies
for Dynamic Voltage Restorer, pp. 1027-1032,
2001.
156

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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)- A perfect healer for

Email id: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.4, April 2016

losses of the semiconductors in this current loop

Voltage source converter

DC energy storage unit

Fig 1: schematic diagram of DVR

Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of DVR

is the source voltage during sags/swells

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.4, April 2016

comparison of reference voltage with actual

DVR shown in figure is simulated for voltage sags,

Figure 3: Simulink Model for DVR

Figure 4: three phase voltage sag - source voltage

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.4, April 2016

The modelling and simulation of a DVR using

[1] N.G. Hingorani, Introducing Custom Power in

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.4, April 2016

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