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    Zero-Force Members: Hapter Tructural Nalysis

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    Zero-Force Members: Hapter Tructural Nalysis

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    tifa
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    Zero-Force Members

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    116 views3 pages

    Zero-Force Members: Hapter Tructural Nalysis

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    tifa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    272 CHAPTER 6 S T R U C T U R A L A N A LY S I S

    6.3 Zero-Force Members


    Truss analysis using the method of joints is greatly simplified if we can
    first identify those members which support no loading. These zero-force
    members are used to increase the stability of the truss during construction
    and to provide added support if the loading is changed.
    The zero-force members of a truss can generally be found by
    inspection of each of the joints. For example, consider the truss shown
    in Fig. 6–11a. If a free-body diagram of the pin at joint A is drawn,
    Fig. 6–11b, it is seen that members AB and AF are zero-force members.
    (We could not have come to this conclusion if we had considered the
    free-body diagrams of joints F or B simply because there are five
    unknowns at each of these joints.) In a similar manner, consider the free-
    body diagram of joint D, Fig. 6–11c. Here again it is seen that DC and
    DE are zero-force members. From these observations, we can conclude
    that if only two members form a truss joint and no external load or
    support reaction is applied to the joint, the two members must be zero-
    force members. The load on the truss in Fig. 6–11a is therefore supported
    by only five members as shown in Fig. 6–11d.

    6
    D y

    u FAF
    F E

    A x
    FAB
    A C
    
    B Fx  0; FAB  0
     Fy  0; FAF  0
    P
    (b)
    (a)

    D F E
    FDE
    u
    x
    C
    FDC y
    B
     Fy  0; FDC sin u = 0; FDC  0 since sin u  0
    P
     Fx  0; FDE  0  0; FDE  0
    (d)
    (c)

    Fig. 6–11
    6.3 ZERO-FORCE MEMBERS 273

    Now consider the truss shown in Fig. 6–12a. The free-body diagram of
    the pin at joint D is shown in Fig. 6–12b. By orienting the y axis along
    members DC and DE and the x axis along member DA, it is seen that
    DA is a zero-force member. Note that this is also the case for member
    CA, Fig. 6–12c. In general then, if three members form a truss joint for
    which two of the members are collinear, the third member is a zero-force
    member provided no external force or support reaction is applied to the
    joint. The truss shown in Fig. 6–12d is therefore suitable for supporting
    the load P.

    P E FDE

    D FDC
    FDA

    u x y
    C
    6
     Fx  0; FDA  0
    A  Fy  0; FDC  FDE
    B
    (b)

    (a)

    FCD P E

    u
    C
    FCA
    FCB

    x y

     Fx  0; FCA sin u = 0; FCA  0 since sin u  0;


     Fy  0; FCB  FCD A
    (c) B

    (d)

    Fig. 6–12
    274 CHAPTER 6 S T R U C T U R A L A N A LY S I S

    EXAMPLE 6.4

    y Using the method of joints, determine all the zero-force members of


    the Fink roof truss shown in Fig. 6–13a. Assume all joints are pin
    FGC connected.
    5 kN
    x
    FGH G FGF
    (b)
    C
    2 kN

    FDC D
    B

    D FDE A E
    y H G F
    FDF

    x (a)
    (c)
    Fig. 6–13

    y SOLUTION
    6
    FFC 0 Look for joint geometries that have three members for which two are
    u collinear. We have
    x
    FFG F FFE Joint G. (Fig. 6–13b).
    (d) + c ©Fy = 0; FGC = 0 Ans.

    Realize that we could not conclude that GC is a zero-force member


    2 kN y by considering joint C, where there are five unknowns. The fact that
    GC is a zero-force member means that the 5-kN load at C must be
    FBC supported by members CB, CH, CF, and CD.
    B FBH Joint D. (Fig. 6–13c).
    FBA
    +b©Fx = 0; FDF = 0 Ans.
    x
    (e) Joint F. (Fig. 6–13d).

    + c ©Fy = 0; FFC cos u = 0 Since u Z 90°, FFC = 0 Ans.


    y
    2 kN
    NOTE: If joint B is analyzed, Fig. 6–13e,
    FHC
    +R©Fx = 0; 2 kN - FBH = 0 FBH = 2 kN 1C2
    x
    FHA H FHG Also, FHC must satisfy ©Fy = 0, Fig. 6–13f, and therefore HC is not a
    (f) zero-force member.

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