Alternative Energy

for a

Clean Environment
for the

Future

Reciprocating grates
Overthrust grates
Post-combustion grates

About us

Your energy centre:

Everything from a single source!
Energy technology backed by tradition
As general contractors, we provide you with turnkey services from a single source, including the
specification of all interfaces.
Wherever you need us we will be there:
An expert project manager will act as your contact point, assisting you during the entire project
through to the commissioning period, during the
trial operation and the warranty period and beyond.

Richard Kablitz & Mitthof GmbH

Kablitz & Mitthof stands for environmentally friendly energy production.

Active for a clean environment for tomorrow
using modern energy and environmental technology.

Commissioning

Plant and layout planning

Cold and hot commissioning

As general contractors, we plan and construct biomass

Process engineering design

Trial operation

thermal power stations that use state-of-the-art firing

Thermodynamic design

Certificate of performance

technology and effective flue gas cleaning systems, as

Electrical engineering and process control

Approval

planning

Documentation and training

Turnkey handover

well as heat exchangers for gaseous media.

Our decades of experience in the construction of
plants and power stations gives us the in-depth expertise to find a tailor-made solution even for your requirements, and one from which you will reap long-term
benefit.

Richard Kablitz
Grate firing pioneers!

Boasting a history that stretches back more than

company that has been family-owned for many generations. Quality, reliability and innovativeness are the

Delivery
Specification, selection and procurement of

all components

Monitoring of the planning and production

litz universal high-performance

services of subcontractors

overthrust firing system in 1920,

Approval inspections of subcontractor services

Warranty

Support, during the warranty period, from the

project team familiar to you

Maintenance service

Richard Kablitz laid down the

main values of our corporate philosophy, with which

we will also meet market requirements in future.
By continually developing and testing new technologies, we offer our customers ground-breaking plant

foundations for our modern

grate firing solutions. Since then,

Site management and supervision of all trades

we have continually adapted to

Schedule tracking

Interface coordination

Quality assurance

new challenges and have ad-

concepts that ensure efficient and reliable operation.

justed our grate systems to the

In so doing, we act as an experienced partner, conti-

demands of a wide range of

nually providing our customers with assistance in all

project-related matters.

Basic and detailed engineering

With the invention of the Kab-

111 years, we are a long-established medium-sized

Planning

fuels. Based on our many decades

of experience in the design, production and operation of

More than 6,000 Kablitz plants exist throughout

grate firing systems, we are able to offer our customers

the world: in Europe, Asia, South and North America

decisive advantages to enable them to get the most out

as well as Australia and New Zealand.

of their firing systems.

Assembly

Our commitment continues even after

a plant has been commissioned:
Qualified maintenance and tailor-made service
ensure that our customers plants have a high
availability and operational reliability in the
long term.

Reciprocating grates

KABLITZ Reciprocating grates:

Type 415 Sloping grate with air cooling

The flexible and low-maintenance grate firing solution.

The universal grate system for virtually all fuel types is insensitive to foreign matter
and provides cost-efficient operation and maintenance.

As fuel costs rise, the economic efficiency of energy production becomes increasingly important. The focus is on
resource-efficient firing concepts which are not only able to adapt to the available fuels but which, at the same

Ideal for:

time, convert the fuel energy into useful heat as efficiently as possible.
KABLITZ reciprocating grates ensure excellent and versatile stoking. This is achieved with the staircase-like
sectional layout and movement of the grate bars. In the special grate types both the grate bar design and the
control of grate movement in the individual grate sections are adapted to the designated fuel properties.

P Wood chips
P Bark
P Waste wood (MDF, OSB, chipboards)
P Used wood (A I - A IV)

P Rice husks
P Olive pits
P Lignite
P Milled peat, Block peat

P Fluff (sorted waste)

P Substitute fuel
P Brown coal
P Wood pellets

The Type 415 reciprocating grate is

major savings in terms of investment

designed like a staircase with fixed and

costs are possible and leaks and

moving grate bar rows. All the grate

damage to a recirculating water cooling

bars in a row are closely spaced and

system are eliminated.

Key technical parameters:

Grate width: 836 10,032 mm

Grate length: 4,205 12,460 mm

Firing capacity: from 4.5 MW

Fuel throughput: up to 40 t/h

Up to 4 grid drives, which can be controlled separately

Up to 8 primary air zones, which can be controlled

interlocked, which results in a closed

feed motion for the entire grate row.

separately

This interlocking holds the grate bars

together so that the air slots in between
are uniform in size. This is the only way
to ensure even distribution of combusti-

Advantages:

on air over the entire grate surface and

thus optimum burn-out.

u Wide field of application for a heat value of 5,000

The lateral thermal expansion of the

21,000 kJ/kg

grate layer is accommodated by the

u Up to 10% of the fuel can be made up of unwanted

movable side plates, which means that

substances such as stones and bits of metal

the individual grate rows cannot jam.

u The primary air can be preheated up to 180C,

The grate bars are cooled by air only.

in special cases even more

By not using a liquid cooling medium,

u Fuel burn-out (energy efficiency) of 97% owing to

the optimised stoking motion and an individually con-

trollable grate speed for each drive

1
2

u A load change rate of up to 1% of the firing output per

u Minimal maintenance requirements due to the central

minute is possible

6
7

5
9

drive unit and high-quality hydraulic cylinders

u Long service lives of the grate bars cast from high-

alloy chromium steel in our own foundry

1 Row of moving grate bars

2 Row of fixed grate bars
3 Moving frame
4 Fixed frame
5 Grate bar seal
6 Grate carriage bearing
7 Hydraulic drive cylinders
8 Primary air zones
9 Dumping grate bar

Reciprocating grates
Reference project

Type 400 Horizontal grate with air cooling

This space-saving grate system is suitable for use as a flat grate for lesser capacities
of up to approx. 8 MW or as an upstream drying grate.
The horizontal Type 400 grate comprises fixed and moving grate bar rows.

Ideal for:

P Barks
P Sawdust
P Briquettes
P Organic waste
P Lignite
P Milled peat
P Brown coal

The grate bars of the consecutive rows rise in the direction of fuel flow and are
arranged like overlapping scales. The grate bars in each row are close together and are equipped with self-cleaning air nozzles. Depending on the over-

Technical data:

Grate area: 56.1 m

all length of the grate, the moving grate bar rows are driven either simultane-

Grate width: 5,320 mm

ously or in sections. The number and the length of the strokes in each grate

Grate length: 9,920 mm

section can be separately controlled.

Firing capacity: 44.43 MW

Fuel heat value: 13.2 MJ/kg
Fuel throughput: 11.7 t/h
Thermal grate load: 792 kW/m
Mechanical grate load: 209 kW/m
Regulated minimum load: 60%

Given the high moisture level of the fuel and the spatial restrictions in the
above example, the Type 400 system is used as a drying grate. Due to the
horizontal alignment, the fuel spends a relatively long period of time on this
flat grate, which also explains why it is dried so effectively. The additional drop

Type 422/415 Reciprocating grate firing system for rice husks

and fine-grain fuels

Biomass power station, Udon (Thailand)

edge downstream of the horizontal section turns the fuel again so that complete burn-out is achieved on the subsequent sloping grate.

In order to supply the Thai province Udon Thani with green energy in the future, our
customer planned and constructed a power station to use the energy from rice husks
and wood chippings.
For maximum flexibility in terms of fuel type, the top third of the robust and versatile
Type 415 solution was modified by altering the angle of inclination. With this change in
inclination, particularly dry and easy-to-ignite fuel can be transported faster into the
main combustion zone. This effect is enhanced by the use of grate bars with a new
geometrical design to improve stoking and to enable transport of the necessary volume of fuel.
By combining both firing concepts, we achieved an ideal result for the customer: moist
fuel has enough time to dry, degas and burn out on the long grate. With the optimised
grate geometry, dry fuels are quickly transported to the main combustion zone where
they are completely combusted.

Overthrust grates

KABLITZ Overthrust grates:

Type 116 SW/SL The sloping grate with air or water cooling

The grate system for very wet fuels.

The standardised grate system for fuels with low heat values
unique by its stoking effect.

Richard Kablitz developed the first overthrust grate, the universal high-performance furnace back in 1921. This
product, a replacement for the then common travelling grate, was designed for fuels with particularly low heat
values, such as brown coal, peat and waste wood. The key advantage of this system was the mechanical stoking
effect of the grate. The overthrust motion of the individual grate bars allows more air to reach the fuel bed, thus
considerably improving drying, degassing and burn-out. This ensures optimum combustion of even coarse and
very moist fuels, which ultimately helps to cut fuel costs in the long term.
The stoking principle differs from that of the reciprocating grate. Every parallel position of grate bars forms an

Ideal for:

P Wood, waste wood

P Barks
P Lignite

approx. 1 m long grate section. In every section row, one fixed and one horizontally movable grate bar are

P Block peat
P Brown coal
P Pellets made from a variety

of base materials

P Oil shale
P Bagasse
P Empty fruit bunches (EFB),

Palm shells

arranged side by side in pairs. As with the reciprocating grate, the horizontal moving grate bars are driven by
front-arranged hydraulic cylinders via a carrier frame system mounted on roller bearings. The first sections have

This grate type is particularly suita-

a drive that is separate from the other sections. Movement of the grate can be individually controlled by altering

ble for very moist fuels with a water

the stroke length, stroke speed and number of strokes.

content of up to 65%. The stroke speed

can be independently set for each drive

Key technical parameters:

Grate width: from 836 mm

cylinder, and the primary air can be regulated in sections. In combination with
the good stoking effect, this ensures

Grate length: 3,467 10,362 mm

Firing capacity: from 4.5 MW

ging fuels. In addition, the grate can be

2 grid drives per grate module, which can be controlled

combined with the extendable Type 200

optimum burn-out, even for challen-

separately

post-combustion grate.

Depending on the nature of the fuel,

Up to 4 primary air zones, which can be controlled

separately

the grate can be designed with either

water or air cooling.

Advantages:
u Wide field of application for a heat value of

5,000 21,000 kJ/kg

This drawing shows a cast-iron, watercooled grate beam with teeth to support and guide the grate bars. The
inserted, exchangeable sliding plates

u The primary air can be preheated up to 250C by

made of hard-wearing material for the

default

moving grate bars protect the beams

u Fuel burn-out (energy efficiency) of 97% owing to

the optimised stoking motion and an individually

controllable grate speed for each drive

from wear when transporting abrasive

fuels.

u A load change rate of up to 1% of the firing output per

minute is possible

u Minimal maintenance requirements due to the central

drive unit and high-quality hydraulic cylinders

u Long service lives of the grate bars cast from high-

alloy chromium steel in our own foundry

u Water-cooled grate beams available as an option

u Suitable for fuels with high moisture contents up to
8

max. 65%

Overthrust grates
Reference Project

Post-combustion grates

Type 200 Horizontal post-combustion grate

Technical data:

Grate area: 66.2 m

Grate width: 7,904 mm

Flat grate, which can be emptied automatically or semi-automatically, for use as a

post-combustion grate for fly ash or as a slag grate in combination with Type 116,
400 and 415 grates.

Grate length: 8,392 mm

Firing capacity: 53.01 MW
Regulated minimum load: 31.8 MW
Fuel heat value: 7.3 MJ/kg

This downstream grate section improves the efficiency by ensuring complete combustion of the fuels.
The flat grate bars, 560 or 660 mm in length, mounted on rollers on a cast-iron frame system, are hydraulically
extended at the necessary intervals to discharge the ash. The time intervals can be regulated manually following
inspection of the burn-out or set automatically in case of homogenous fuels.

Fuel throughput: 25.4 60.0 t/h

Thermal grate load: 801 kW/m
Mechanical grate load: 383 kW/m

Type 116 SW-200 Overthrust firing system for Empty Fruit Bunches
from the palm oil industry (EFB)

Biomass power station, Pahang (Malaysia)

The owner of the worlds largest plantation of oil palms set up a biomass power station
in Pahang in Malaysia to generate an electrical output of 12.5 MW. Of this, 10.0 MW
is fed into the national power grid and the rest is used to meet the operators
production requirements. Each year 32,000 t of biomass is to be converted into
electrical energy. The raw material comes from the nearby palm oil factories.
In order to burn the moist EFB, the water-cooled grate uses primary air heated
to 220C to evaporate the water in the fuel. The grate bars are prevented from
overheating by water cooling. The fuel is turned over and stoked by the overthrust
motion. Together with the 4 primary air zones, which can be controlled independently of each other, the air supply can be optimally adapted to the fuel properties.
Depending on the moisture content, the time spent on the grate can be regulated
by changing the number of strokes.
The overthrust grate together with the secondary combustion grate provides an
ideal solution for the agricultural fuel, EFB. The moist fuel is pre-dried by the hot
primary air and continually turned over via the stoking movement. Should extremely
wet fuel fractions not burn completely on the inclined section of the grate, they

Type 290 Post-combustion grate

Tilting grate, which can be emptied automatically or semi-automatically,
in combination with Type 400 and 415 grates.
The downstream tilting grate improves burn-out (TOC < 3%) and the
energetic coefficient, especially in cases of fuels with unequal sizes.
The grate bars, 450 mm in length, are hydraulically tilted either automatically or manually for ash discharge. With this post-combustion
grate, the time intervals can also be varied depending on the fuel and
burn-out. The semi-automatic mode is actuated manually following a
visual inspection.

remain on the secondary combustion grate until they have burnt out, too.
A firing efficiency of > 97 % is achieved for the entire fuel feedstock.

10

11

Biomass as an energy source

as versatile as nature!

Untreated wood

Industrial wood

A I - A IV waste wood

Rice husks

Energy crops

Exotic biomass

Our delivery programme

Service

at a glance

We provide the complete service for your

Biomass thermal power stations

plant:

Boiler plants

24 h hotline / online service

Hot gas generators

Conversions to existing plants

Inspection, service and maintenance

Assembly and disassembly

Heat recovery
Cast-iron gilled heat exchangers
Glass tube heat exchangers

Commissioning and commissioning
support

Plant optimization

Emission measurements

Service

Spare and wear parts

Customized casting

Process engineering consultancy

Richard Kablitz & Mitthof GmbH

Plant/Power station construction for wood and biomass

Bahnhofstrae 72 - 78
D-97922 Lauda-Knigshofen

Phone: +49(0)9343 7901-0

Fax: +49(0)9343 7901-996

E-Mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.kablitz.de

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Firing systems
Reciprocating grates
Overthrust grates
Injection burners