TURBO-EXPANDERS

FOR COLD PRODUCTION

AND ENERGY RECOVERY
Everywhere in the GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
Innovation for CONTINUOUS EXPANSION
2
Cryostar turbo expander expertise for the gas supply
chain in natural gas processing and petrochemical applications
For more than 30 years Cryostar has been recognized as a world leader for their superior product
quality in radial infow turbine technology, pumps, LNG boil off gas compressors and air separation.
Since Cryostar began in 1966 and followed with the production of their frst turbine in 1974, their
focus and expertise has been to provide their customers with turbo-expander/compressor and
energy recovery systems for cold production and liquid recovery with the highest effciency
ensuring economical and reliable operations.
Cryostars head-quarters and
production facility is located in
Hesingue, France, just across the
border from Basel, Switzerland, and
employs over 400 staff in management,
engineering and production.
In addition, Cryostar
has opened Business
Centers strategically
located throughout
the world in the USA
(Houston, California
and Pennsylvania),
United Kingdom,
Singapore, China
and Brazil to provide
our customers with frst class
service.
Today, Cryostars installed base, including industrial gas machines, exceeds more than
1,200 turboexpanders located in more than 60 countries worldwide.
Cryostars innovative drive and continued commitment to invest in and develop their world class
engineering skills has moved them to the forefront of technological development in all their product
lines. Every turbines is designed using state-of-the-art technology to ensure each customer the very
best in product design. With a policy to the commitment to excellence, Cryostar has earned a position
as a world leader in their markets.
The results of Cryostars policies are clear: Companies have put their trust in Cryostar by selecting
Cryostar to supply turbo-expanders for many of the major projects in the Middle East, the North Sea
and Africa. Their success is explained by their commitment to the needs of their clients and partners
in:
Basic engineering phase and FEED design.
Customized design incorporating API and other high quality standards and strict customer
requirements.
Continuous innovation and development in the use of magnetic bearings, liquid turbo-expanders and
LNG reliquifaction systems.
Uncompromising lifetime customer support.
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
3
The key advantages of Cryostar
Cryostar: the pioneer company in active magnetic bearings expander with an unequal
experience
Cryostar was the frst company to develop an expander equipped with active magnetic bearings
(AMB) in 1988.
Cryostar was the frst company to supply 8 AMB expanders for natural gas processing (offshore
conditions in the North Sea environment)
Cryostar has the largest base of expanders equipped with AMB in operation in the world
Proven expertise of applications: dew point control, ethane recovery, NGL recovery, LNG production
and project with high amount of liquid at expander outlet.
Capability to reply to the applications of petrochemical industry such as ethylene plants, CO
processing
A complete range from 100 kW up to 12 000 kW with inlet pressure up to 150 bar and inlet temperature
down to -196C as standard
A company certifed ISO 9001/2000. Cryostar was one the frst companies to be ISO certifed in its
feld of activity.
Use of the latest technologies to design their turbo-expander to obtain for each project the best
performance (each wheel is unique): Final Element Analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamic, 3D
modelisation, Laser Holographic test
Combination of their qualifed service department with a design focus towards minimal downtime
and high availability results in maximum savings for your plant operations.
Mechanical centre section pressurized with nitrogen
for long term storage
4
Cryostar provides the
best confguration to match to the application
Cryostar designs all their turbo-expander packages to the strictest of industry and client requirements.
Compliance to API 617 is standard and in addition, each machine can be fully customized to meet even
the most stringent of client requirements.
To assure customers on-time delivery to the agreed specifcation level, an engineering team is selected
at the beginning of each project. The team includes of aero-designers, specialists in rotating machinery,
instrumentation and control systems, seal gas and lube oil systems all coordinated by a project manager
in conjunction with the quality department, fully involved at each step of the project.
Example of confguration of Cryostar Turbo-Expander
Turbo-expander/compressor equipped with
active magnetic bearings.
Turbo-expander/generator equipped with
oil lubricated bearings
Turbo-expander / compressor equipped with
oil lubricated bearings.
Main parts consisting in:
rotating machinery
electrical connections for magnetic bearings
seal gas system
local gauge board
local control panel
junction boxes panel
base plate
Single skid package including machine assembly and
oil lubrication system
Possibility to provide expander loaded with oil brake
for application where it is not worth to recover the
power available on the shaft.
Machine assembly with:
rotating machinery
seal gas system
local gauge board
local control panel
junction boxes panel
base plate
Oil system assembly:
reservoir
coolers
pumps
accumulators
demister
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
5
1 Expander casing
Designed and built under ASME specifcations
Hydrostatic test at 1.5 times the MAWP
Material selected as per the application
2 Expander wheel
Open/closed 3D wheel
High effciency up to 92%
Milled from solid
Heat treatment for maximum strength and
durability
Material: aluminium alloy, SS or Titanium
3 Inlet guides vanes
Aerodynamically effcient design
Erosion-resistant materials
Wide operation range
4 Shaft/rotor
Special attachment for best moment
transmission
5 Labyrinth seals
Very safe and reliable system
6 Bearings
Combined radial tilting pad and axial tapered
land bearing
Maximum stability and reliability
7 Compressor casing
Designed and built under ASME specifcations
Hydrostatic test at 1.5 times the MAWP
Material selected as per the application
8 Compressor wheel
Open 3D wheel
High effciency
Milled from solid
Heat treatment for maximum strength and
durability
Material: aluminium alloy, SS or Titanium
General principle of cryostar hydrocarbon
turbo-expander equipped with oil lubricated bearings
1
3
4
7
8
6
5
2
6
Inlet guide vanes adjusting mechanism variable fow nozzles
For effcient fow control the expander is equipped with a variable inlet guide vanes assembly. Cryostar
expander variable inlet guide vanes are designed to provide zero by-pass losses (no loss of effciency),
precision movement control and high effciency over a wide operating range.
Similar to the wheel design, extensive use is made of superior computer programs for the optimization
of the nozzle shapes. It allows the optimal design of the vanes and limits the size of the actuator.
Preconditioned materials, matched clearances and special surface treatments assure smooth operation
at all conditions.
Advanced expander wheels
Turbo-expander wheels are matched to specifc customer applications in order to provide the best
performance and maximum effciency. They are machined from forged solid material blank. Cryostar
expansion turbine wheels are milled out of Aluminum alloy, Titanium or stainless steel to minimize
performance losses due to blade shroud gap with open wheels.
All Cryostar expander and compressor wheels are designed for the best effciency. Modal analysis is
carried out for each wheel with the latest FEA methods, avoiding wheel blades resonances.
Wheel types: open or closed. Open wheel
Closed wheel and open wheel with scalloping
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
7
Connections between wheel and shaft:
innovation for reliability and effciency
Cryostar has developed a special connection between shaft and
wheels: the Hirth connection. It offers a superior moment transfer. This
connection is a method that yields excellent results for balancing. It
is especially adapted for high power and high tip speed applications.
Shaft seal system
Cryostar can provide different types of shaft seal arrangement
depending on the application and client requirement. They are
suitable for atmospheric or pressurized reservoirs.
It is used when leakage of process gas can be recovered
inside the system or when it can be sent to a vent/.fare
system. The number of labyrinths depends on the process
conditions. The buffer gas is injected between the labyrinths.
This arrangement is not too sensitive to the quality of buffer
gas (particles content).
Depending on the application, this
arrangement can be combined with a
drainer that allows the installation of
an atmospheric oil reservoir instead of
pressurized one.
The dry gas seal minimizes drastically leakage
rates and hence improves the effciency. The
non contacting mode of operation also means
a lower amount of friction and wear compare
with conventional mechanical seals.
Dry gas seal
Labyrinth seal
Expander
Seal gas
Pressurized reservoir
Labyrinth
Slinger
ring
Demister
Expander
Inner
Labyrinth
Primary
labyrinth
Intermediate
labyrinth
Secondary
Back-up seal
Separation
seal
Primary
seal gas
supply
Primary seal
gas leakage
Secondary
seal gas
supply
Secondary seal
gas leakage
Separation
gas
8
BEARINGS: conventional type (oil lubricated bearings)
or active magnetic bearings?
Active Magnetic Bearings: not only the solution to decrease the dimensions and weight of the machine (no lube
oil system) but also a package with three key advantages:
no risk of process contamination by oil.
elimination of vibration: the active bearings cancel synchronous vibrations by letting the shaft free to rotate
around its inertia axis.
no maintenance concept.
Cryostar has been the frst company to develop and to implement AMB on expander/compressor used in natural
gas processing.
The system includes also auxiliary ball bearings with damping mechanism to prevent destructive whirl during
coast down of the machine. Auxiliary ball bearings typically consist of ceramic balls with steel races.
A dedicated control panel containing amplifers, control electronics and other equipment necessary for the
operation and safety of all magnetic bearings is part of the package. It provides alarm and shutdown protective
logic for the magnetic bearings, auxiliary bearings and control cabinet by itself.
Monitoring information in terms of speed, radial load, thrust load are available.
Electromagnets
laminations
ROTOR
F
ROTOR
Electromagnetic forces
axial axial
axial electromagnet - disc axial electromagnet
Radial bearing
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
9
AROUND THE EXPANDER: an oil lubrication system (applicable for
compressor loaded expander or generator loaded or oil brake loaded expander)
The oil lubrication system is dedicated to ensure a proper and continuous lubrication of all bearings
and gears of the machine.
Cryostar is able to provide simple and low cost oil lubrication system but also some optimized systems
designed as per API 614 standard, latest edition. These systems meet the most stringent technical
requirements in term of selection of equipments, materials and test to be performed.
Under client request, Cryostar can build the oil system according to the latest edition of NACE MR0175
standard, in order avoid any risk due to sulfde stress and stress corrosion cracking.
10
Control system of turbo-expanders
Cryostar turbo-expanders can be built with simple or very
sophisticated control systems, standard or fully customized.
The control system can be installed locally on the skid or can be
remote for installation in the control room for instance. In case
the client requires the possibility to achieve a local control (local
start/stop) a combination is also possible.
The control system may include a PLC (programmable logic
controller) which is often redundant with dedicated visual display
unit so as to provide all the necessary information for a safe
operation.
Cryostar can propose some PLCs fabricated from different
suppliers (France, Germany, Japan, USA).
Depending on the type of expanders, the control system can
include a vibration and temperature monitoring system, an anti
surge control system, a dedicated overspeed protection...
In case of expander loaded with synchronous generator, Cryostar can provide a full package including
the generator control panel with protection devices, synchronizing function, voltage regulation
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
11
TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION:
The latest technology to design your turbo-expander
During recent years, technological advances have provided modern high tech tools and they have
drastically changed the way Cryostar designs its equipment.
Cryostar has invested in the latest technology to support the expertise and shorten its response time.
Cryostar employees use state-of-the art tools through the entire process.
Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing [CAD/CAM] systems are used across the
entire design and production process.
Finite Element Analysis [FEA] system is used to analyze static and dynamic impeller stresses for
robust wheel designs.
Three-Dimensional Computer Fluid Dynamic [CFD] codes enables the analysis of the fow through
each stage. Combined with in-house blade design tool this results in the design of high-effciency
impellers, inlet guide vanes and diffusers.
Product Data Management [PDM] system enables to perform concurrent design activities by different
engineering disciplines which in turn signifcantly reduces the time of delivering a high quality turbo-
expander for your application.
Fully computerized monitoring and data acquisition system performs accurate and precise testing.
Cryostar has invested in tools and facilities in order to reduce manufacturing costs, improve quality,
and shorten delivery schedules.
FEM investigation
Prediction of the internal fow
of a turbomachine
12
Inspection and testing
For each machine built by Cryostar, an inspection and test plan (ITP) is prepared. Depending on the
project, the API 617 standard and ASME PTC10 code requirements are followed.
The ITP includes detailed information relating to the tests performed on the machine: hydrostatic
test, non destructive examination test, hardness test, welding test, positive material identifcation,
painting, wheels and rotor balancing, over speed testing, mechanical running test with vibration
measurements, performance test, noise test and other tests as per client requirements.
For example, all Cryostar rotating elements are dynamically balanced by precision microprocessor
controlled balancing equipment to ensure smooth operation over the entire operating speed range.
Cryostar uses state-of-the-art computer based data acquisition and vibration analysis equipment for
testing our turbo-expanders and all tests are conducted in accordance with ASME test codes. Cryostar
test facilities provide high-test accuracy, repeatability, and reliability.
A completely in-doors test facility is available since October 1999. Performance and mechanical run
testing are carried out with air using an open loop confguration.
Investing in excellence
To meet growing customer demands Cryostar committed to a rolling programme of investment in
workshop, test and offce facilities. In 2006, the company completed a new workshop, and in 2007
opened an adjacent test stand. This third compressor/turbine facility offers:
A total area, including compressors and frequency drive room, of 910 m (650 for the test facility
itself and 260 m for the air compressors and inverter rooms.
A power supply of 6 MW / 6.6 kV / 50-60 Hz with the possibility to increase to 8 MW with additional
external generators
Two air compressors of total 2 MW which can achieve 20000 Nm3/h 10 barg in order to test the high
powered turbines
A frequency drive of 6 MW
A water tower of 6 MW with a circuit designed for 550 m3/h and
An air compressor to supply dry and clean air for the whole facility
With the additional test facility, Cryostar will be able to test not only the companders but also the
high powered TG and MTC turbines (3-12 MW).
Active magnetic bearings
turbo-expander test
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
13
Other integrated solutions including
rotating machineries dedicated to the LNG supply chain
Integrated boil-off reliquefaction solution for LNG carriers
Cryostar offers a fully integrated package to handle continuous LNG boil-off during transportation.
The solution, unique to Cryostar, is its combined cryogenic machinery for the cargo handling system
on LNG carriers. This includes:
Boil off gas compressors: low and high duty single-stage compressors, low duty EcoBot dual-stage
compressors
Gas heaters and vaporizers: Boil-off / warm up heaters, main or LNG vaporizer, forcing vaporizer and
mist separator
Cryogenic equipments related to re-liquefaction systems: 2-stage boil-off gas compressors, interstage
coolers, N2 companders.
The diversity of the equipment allows Cryostar to cover a full operating envelope, maintaining a safe
and reliable operation whatever the propulsion system may be.
BOG compressors, centrifugal blowers,
ethylene blowers: Cryostars experience
acquired with the LNG carriers allows us
to propose additional solution for the LNG
terminals (BOG compressors, centrifugal
blowers) but also for petrochemical plant
such as ethylene compressor.
Expertise in partnership with clients is
the starting point for strong collaboration
regarding the development of new products:
the dedicated R&D department is continuously
working on new concepts so that to fulfll
tomorrow technical requirements.
CRYOSTAR & TRAINING - Centre of learning excellence
Forming partnerships with customers enables Cryostar to offer
effcient and bespoke services. The companys Training Centre is
an extension of that partnership, adding value where the customer
needs it
From its humble beginnings to support customers with knowledge
about Cryostar equipment, the Centre is now looking to offer bespoke
training packages across a wide range of topics.
To date, the Centre has attracted the support of many major companies,
including Daewoo, Samsung and Hyundai Korean Shipyards, Statoil of
Norway, Toyo Engineering of Japan, CLSICO of China, Petrofac UK, Air
Liquide and White Martins Gases of Brazil to name but a few.
Didier Walch, Customer Service Director, said: The Training Centre
has become a strong relationship and technical link between the
company and more than 250 customers who attended our courses
last year.
Lucien Gruppi, Training Co-ordinator added:
In the future, the number of courses and sessions will increase.
Hands-on-sessions will also be improved, with the help of assembly
and maintenance workshops, and our test bed facilities.
Cryostars global network of Business Centres will also be involved,
ensuring training sessions can be held locally, a huge advantage when
it comes to keeping travel costs down.
It is Cryostar aim to expand this training offer, to give customers access
to a true centre training of excellence. As a result, Cryostar has selected
the best engineers and people to identify topics and design courses.
All courses will be available in a database managed with Livelink
from Opentext.
Structured learning
The training Centre is driven by three main processes:
Analysis of the training needs (customers and internal).
Production of the training material and updates.
Training courses preparation and performances.
Each course is split into modules. This modularity gives fexibility to
deal with all subjects and also particular concepts of the equipment,
like:
Theoretical basics and physical phenomenon involved
Construction and technology
Auxiliaries and instrumentation
Special installation cautions, operation and maintenance
TURBO-EXPANDERS FOR COLD PRODUCTION AND ENERGY RECOVERY
15
Cryostar service department
Service department data, engineering department data, development department data... How to
ensure their integrity?
Investment: The techno-future
As Cryostar continues to grow, the business is investing in state of the art information technology to
ensure the integrity of all its data. To this end, it has transitioned to Blade Center and Storage Area
Network IT systems.
This allows Cryostar, in a single rack, to consolidate up to 64 processors, called quad core technology,
with up to a total of 256 cores and manage up to 24 Terabytes data using fbre channel technology
disks.
Boot on SAN technology, virtual server (VM) and equipment redundancy, now allow the online change
of servers, disks, and all hardware, without any down time of servers. Plus, if a failure was to occur,
an alert is sent directly to the manufacturer HP.
With this new architecture, Cryostar is now ready to tackle future challenges and growth
opportunities.
Given the critical nature of its products for energy recovery and subsequent cost savings, Cryostar is
well aware of the importance of their service. Consequently, Cryostars role goes beyond the delivery
of the tubines to fnding solutions and bringing added value to their customers.
Our pre-sales and after sales service is second to none, which means customers receive expert
advice through the whole design and purchase cycle as well as possibilities of long term maintenance
contracts once the turbine is up and running to guarantee investment.
The Cryostar headquarter in Hesingue, France hosts one of the worlds biggest and most sophisticated
pump and turbine testing facilities. Here they pre-test all turbines leaving their site, ensuring that
only products that have passed their stringent test requirements are shipped to the customer.
CRYOSTAR USA West
CRYOSTAR BUSINESS CENTRES
GLOBAL CRYOSTAR AGENTS
CRYOSTAR USA East
CRYOSTAR Brazil
CRYOSTAR United Kingdom
CRYOSTAR France
CRYOSTAR Automation
CRYOSTAR China
CRYOSTAR Singapore
Cryostars worldwide pres-
ence through eight business
centres and 14 agents, en-
ables us to provide customers
with a high level of service
and short response times.
www.cryostar.com
Building 2, NO. 10,
Kangzhong Road
Kangqiao Town
PRC - 310015 HANGZHOU
Whittier
CA 90605
Phone: +86 571 8536 8331
Fax: +86 571 8536 8409