Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum

Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
Short Answers Chapter #2 According to Federal Board Islamabad

1. What is Information Networks?

Information networks are the computer networks that communicate with public telecommunication
networks. Information networks, two important technologies: computing and telecommunications
work together.
2. Define the Network.
Network (or computer network) is a way to connect computers together so that they can
communicate with each other and share information.
3. What is Local Area Network?
Local Area Network (LAN) is a network system in which computers are interconnected in a limited
geographical area, such as network of computers in college computer laboratory or network of
computers in office building etc)
4. What is Network-Interface Card?
network interface card (NIC) is used to connect a computer to other computers in the local area
network. It is a circuit board that is installed inside the computer's internal expansion slots.
5. What is Bridge?
A bridge is an electronic device that connects two similar networks and controls the data flow
between them. A bridge recognizes the messages on a network and passes on those addressed to
nodes in other network.
6. What is Gateway?
A gateway is also an electronic device or system (collection of hardware and software resources) that
connects two networks and translates information from one to the other. It enables a computer or
node to communicate with a computer on another different network.
7. What is Router?
Router is a communication device that connects two or more networks is called router and transmits
data to the correct destination on the network. It uses the routing protocols.
8. What is Network Protocol?
All machine-base communications must follow certain set of rules for exchange of data between
nodes connected to a network. The rules to send and receive data are called protocols.
9. What is Ethernet?
Ethernet is the most commonly used protocol in LAN. It uses a high-speed network cable and bus
topology, so it is relatively simple and cheaper.
10. What is CSMA/CD?
Before transmitting the data, a node must find out if the cable is in use. If so, the node must wait.
When the cable is free, the node must begin transmitting immediately. This process is also known as
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection).
11. Define the term token used in networking.
A token is a special electronic signal. It consists of a series of bits, which functions like a ticket. The
computer with the token can transmit data over the network. Only one token exists per network.
12. What is Token ring?
A computer network in which each node is connected to two adjacent nodes or neighbors form a
closed ring or loop is called ring network topology. The token ring protocol is used in this type of
network. The token ring is closely associated with IBM, which works on the concept of a ring network
and a token.
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
13. What is Token passing?
The method of controlling access to the shared network cable is called token passing.

14. What is ARCnet?

ARCnet stands for Attached Resource Computer network. It uses either twisted pair wire or coaxial
cable, and the star topology with hub attached to the network.
15. What is Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A Wide Area Network is a network system that covers a large (or wide) geographical area such as
different cities of country or different countries of the world)
16. What is Metropolitan Area Network?
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a communication network system that covers a geographical
area of a single city. Usually, MAN connects more than one LANs in a city or town and covers a
smaller geographical area than a WAN. Mobile phones (cellular) systems are often MANs.
17. What is Network Standards?
The standards are the precise documents containing technical and physical specifications about the
network being designed) Normally those standards are taken into consideration and are worldwide
acceptable.
18. What is De Facto Standard?
De facto means "by tradition" or "by facts". These standards were developed without any formal plan
and came to existence because of historical developments. These standards are most commonly
used by the organizations worldwide.
19. What is De Jure Standard?
De Jure means "according to law or regulation". These standards have been properly approved by the
networks governing body.
20. Write names of some networks governing bodies.
• The names of most popular networks governing bodies are:
• American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• The International Standard Organization (ISO)
• The International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T,
formally CCITT)
• The Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
21. What is client/server network model?
In client/server network (or arrangement), the clients are all computers or nodes on the network and
server is a central computer that controls the network. In addition to control the network, the server
also provides a centralized storage area for programs and data) It has hard disks that hold the shared
data file or database. •
22. What is Peer-to-Peer Network model?
In peer-to-peer arrangement, all nodes (or computers) on the network have equal status. No one has
control over others. Each computer stores files on its own storage devices and has its own peripheral
devices. The users can share each other's data and devices (or resources) as and when needed)
23. What is Hybrid Network model?

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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
The hybrid network has combined features of both client/server and peer-to-peer networks (or
arrangements). It has a server and the users can share the data and software. Similarly, each node
can store its own files, programs, and has its own peripheral devices.
24. Define the term network Topology.
In networking, the term topology is the way of connecting nodes (or devices) on a network. In other
words, a topology represents the shape of network.

25. What is Bus Topology?

In bus network, all nodes (or devices) are connected to a common communication medium or central
single cable. This single cable is called bus. The devices or nodes are attached with the central cable
(or bus) through interface connector.
26. What is Ring Topology?
In a ring network, each node is connected to two adjacent nodes or neighbors for communication
purpose and forms a closed ring or loop. In this way the last node connects to the first node to
complete the ring. In this network, all messages travel through a ring in one direction (clockwise or
anti-clockwise) from node to node.
27. What is Star Topology?
In a star network, each node or device is directly connected to a central connection point known as
'Hub'. The central connection may be an actual Hub or a switch. Typically, the nodes or devices are
connected to the Hub with unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet.
28. What is tree topology?
In tree network, the nodes are connected to each other in such a way that forms a tree like structure.
Typically to form a tree network, multiple star topologies are combined together onto a bus. In this
simplest form, only Hub devices connect directly to the tree bus. Each Hub functions as the root of a
tree of devices.
29. What is Mesh Topology?
In mesh network, each node is directly connected to all node on the network. This type of network
involves the concept of routes. In this type of network, each node may send message to destination
through multiple paths.
30. What is Workgroup?
In a computer network, people can work together as a group even when they are thousands of miles
away from each other. This concept of working together is called workgroups.
31. What is collaborative computing?
A group of people (teams of certain projects) can share work together by means of linked computers.
The phenomenon of sharing information by various members of workgroup is called Workgroup
Computing. The workgroup computing is also known as collaborative computing.
32. What is Groupware?
A technique to share information, in which many users or researchers can work on their projects by
sharing the same domain of information online, is called groupware.
33. What is OSI Model?
OSI stands for Open System Interconnection. OSI model is also known as OSI Reference Model. It is
used for networking. It was created by the International Standard Organization (ISO) to provide a
logical framework for how data allocation processes should take place across networks.
34. Define Application Layer of OSI model.
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
This layer of OSI model provides network services to user applications. It is responsible for
exchanging information between programs running on the machine, such as e-mail programs, and
other services running on a network such as a print server or another computer's application.
35. Define Presentation Layer of OSI model.
This layer of OSI model performs data transformations to provide a common interface for user
applications. It means that data is translated between the formats the network requires and the
format the computers of the end-users expect.
36. Define Session Layer of OSI model.
This layer of OSI model establishes, maintains and manages connections between devices, so that
they can talk to each other. These connections are called sessions.

37. Define Transport Layer of OSI model.

This layer of OSI model is responsible for breaking the data into segments, establishing an end-to-end
logical connection between machines, and providing for error handling.
38. Define Network Layer of OSI model.
The Network layer of OSI model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating
connections of networks. It means that the function of the network layer is to manage
communication between computers/terminals.
39. Define Data link Layer of OSI model.
This layer of OSI model is responsible for the reliability of the physical link established at physical
layer. This layer provides for the error free transfer of data from one computer to another.
40. Define Physical Layer of OSI model.
This layer of OSI model specifies how data is processed into bits and physically transferred over
medium, such as cables. It's responsible for activating and maintaining the physical link between
systems

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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)

Computer Networks MCQ #2

1. Which of the following network covers a short distance?

a) LAN b) WAN
c) MAN d) NAN
2. Which of the following component is not related to LAN?
a) Communication media b) Bridge
c) Modem d) Gateway
3. Which of the following media is used in LAN?
a) Coaxial cable b) Microwave
c) Satellite d) None of these
4. Which of the following media is used in low cost LANs?
a) Fiber optical cable b) Coaxial cable
c) Twisted wire pairs d) Aluminum Wire
5. Which of the following is not a LAN protocol?
a) Ethernet b) Token ring
c) ARCnet d) Internet
6. Which of the following protocol in used is bus topology?
a) Ethernet b) Token ring
c) ARCne d) TCP/IP
7. Which of the following topology uses ARCnet protocol?
a) Bus topology b) Star topology
c) Mesh topology d) Tree topology
8. Which of the following protocol is used to access Internet?
a) Ethernet b) ARCnet
c) TCP/IP d) DSC
9. Which of the following protocol is associated with IBM, which works on the concept of a
ring network
and a token?
a) Ethernet b) ARCnet
c) TCP/IP d) Token ring
10. The Internet is an example of:
a) LAN b) WAN
c) MAN d) NAN
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
11. Which of the following network type is used by mobile phone systems?
a) LAN b) WAN
c) MAN d) NAN
12. Which of the following is not a governing body that approve the network standard?
a) ANSI b) IEEE
c) IBM d) EIA
13. All nodes are connected to a single cable in a:
a) Ring topology b) Bus topology
c) Star topology d) Mesh topology
14. Which of the following network topology uses the token passing scheme?
a) Bus b) Ring
c) Star d) Mesh
15. Which of the following network topology is formed by using multiple star topologies?
a) Bus b) Ring
c) Star d) Mesh
16. Which of the following network topology involves the concept of routes?
a) Bus b) Ring
c) Star d) Mesh
17. How many layers of OSI model?
a) 5 b) 6
c) 4 d) 7
18. Which of the following layer of OSI model provides network services to user applications?
a) Presentation b) Network
c) Session d) Application
19. Which of the following layer of OSI model is responsible for breaking data into segments?
a) Presentation b) Transport
c) Data link d) Session
20. Which of the following layer of OSI model controls transmission of data in the form of bits
over the transmission medium such as cables etc?
a) Presentation b) Transport
c) Data link d) Physical
21. A collection of computers connected together is called:
a Processing b) Network
c) Chatting d) Centralized system
22. The technology of long-distance communication is known as:
a Mass communication b Telephony
c) Telecommunications d) Non-
23. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of computer networks?
a Reduce hardware costs b) Connect people
c) Enable shared applications d Produce high quality programs-
24. Each computer on a network is called a:
a Bus b) Server
c) Node d) None
25. Companies that use networks can save time and money because networks allow users to
share:
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Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
a) Hardware devices b) Software programs
c) Information d) All
26. Many networks include a central computer that may be called:
a Server b) Bridges
c) Gateways d) None
27. A device used to connect two computers lying in same office or building is called:
a) Ethernet Card b) Graphics Card
c) Modem d) Sound Card
28. Which of the following is not a category of network?
a WAN b) LAN
c) MAN d) NAN.

29. LAN stands for:

a) Local area nodes. b) Logical arrangement of networks.
c) Local area network. d) Linked-area network.
30. A network that covers a limited geographic distance such as an office is called:
a)Centralized network b) Distributed network
c) Local area network d) Wide area network
31. In a traditional LAN, each node on the network is connected through:
a) Cables. b) Satellites.
c) Microwaves, d) Wireless transmission.
32. Which of the following is NOT a component of LAN?
a) Cable b) Gateway
c) Bridge d) Modem
33. A LAN is a combination of
a) Network adapter cards b) LAN cables
c) LAN Application software d) All
34. Which problem occurs when two workstations on shared Ethernet try to access LAN at the
same time?
a) Local Talk b) Deadlock
c) Collision d) Concession
35. A network that covers a large geographic distance such as a country is called a:
a) Centralized network. b) Distributed network,
c) Local area network. d) Wide area network
36. The primary difference between a LAN and a WAN is:
a) The number of software programs available, b) Distance.
c) The variety of hardware devices. d) The number of hardware devices.
37. Crossing from one LAN to another LAN or a WAN is done over:
a) Bridges and gateways. b) Routers
c) Backbones, d) MANs
38. What type of network is the Internet?
a) LAN b) MAN
c) WAN d) None
39. In WAN, the communication software that allows a personal computer to appear as
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
terminal is called:
a) Electronic mail software b) Teleconferencing software
c) Terminal emulation software d) Bulletin board system
40. MAN stands for:
a) Metropolitan area network. b Marked area network.
c) Metropolitan arranged network. d) Manufactured arrangement of
networks.
41. A network that transmits data over citywide distances faster than LAN is:
a)WAN b) LAN
c) MAN d) PAN
42. Remote access means that:
a) A computer is linked directly to a network.
b) You can access the Internet from anywhere.
c) You connect to a network through a phone line, television cable, or satellite.
d) Your Internet connection is through a satellite rather than phone lines.

43. NIC stands for:

a) Network internal card b) Newer industrial computer.
c) Networking Internet connection. d) Network interface card
44. NIC allows direct connection to:
a) The Internet. b) A network.
c) A printer. d) A modem.
45. Which of the following is a LAN protocol?
a) Ethernet b) Token Ring
c) ARCnet d) All
46. How many pairs of computers can simultaneously communicate on Ethernet LAN?
a) 1 b) X
c) 3 d) Multiple
47. CSMA/CD is a:
a) Technique for configuring client/server computer networks.
b) Method of avoiding and/or detecting collisions of Ethernet transmissions.-
c) Protocol for bus and star topologies.
d) Category of multiplexing devices
48. The dominant LAN architecture is:
a) Ethernet. b) Token Ring
c) AppleTalk. d) Named Pipes.
49. The act of listening to the medium for a message is called:
a Contention, b) Carrier sensing.
c) Collision. d) Transparency.
50. A device that is used to connect two computers via an ordinary telephone line is:
a) Ethernet Card b) Graphics Card
c) Modem d) Sound Card
51. Which of the following is not a LAN topology?
a) Bus b) Band
c) Star d) Ring
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Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
52. Which is the most common LAN topology for microcomputer LANs?
a)Bus b) Band
c) Star d) Ring
53. The physical layout of a LAN is known as:
a) Topology b) Hub
c) Link d) None
54. A network that places all nodes on a single cable is called:
a) Star b) Ring
c) Band d) Bus
55. One or more computers connected to hub computer is called:
a) Ring Network b) Band
c) Bus d) Star Network
56. Topology that is used for a small number of computers is called:
a) Star b) Bus
c) Mesh d) Ring

57. Which of the following topology uses routers?

a) Star b) Ring
c) Mesh d) Ring
58. Which topology uses multiple star topologies?
a) Tree b) Ring
c) Star d) Mesh
59. Which of the following protocol is used in bus topology?
a) Ethernet b) Token Ring
c) ARCnet d) TCP/IP
60. Which of the following topology uses ARCnet protocol?
a) Bus b) Mesh
c) Star d) Tree
61. FDDI is a:
a) Ring Network b) Star Network
c) Mesh Network d) Bus Network
62. Which protocol works on the concepts of ring network topology and a token?
a) Token Ring b) Ethernet
c) TCP/IP d) ARCnet
63. A connection for similar networks uses:
a) Attenuation b) Gateway
c) Bridge d) None
64. The set of rules to exchange data in a communications network is called:
a) Gateway b) Modem
c) Protocol d) Token
65. Which of the following is a type of protocol except:
a) Ethernet b) Token Bus
c) Token Ring d) CCIT
66. Ethernet, Token bus and Token Ring have been defined by:
a) IEEE b) CCIT
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
c) ISO d) Microsoft
67. A short message that travels around the communication medium is called;
a) Ring b) Token
c) Star d) None
68. Which of the following protocols were properly researched, designed and finally published
as a standard?
a) De facto b) Dejure
c) ISO d) CCIT
69. Two dissimilar networks can be connected by a:
a) Gateway b) Bridge
c) Bus d) None
70. The ITU was formerly known as:
a) CCIT b) ISO
c IBM d- SNA

71. Which of the following is a governing body to approve the network standards?
a) IEEE b) EIA
c) ANSI d) All
72. The network configuration that allows every computer to act as client and as well as a
server is:
a) Client/server model b) Host system
c) Server network d) Peer-to-peer network
73. Peer-to-peer networks are best suited for:
a) Wide area networks or the Internet. b) LANs with heavy network traffic)
c) Database-oriented client/server networks. d Small networks with light network traffic)
74. The process of copying data from server to a personal computer is called:
a) Uploading. b) Terminal emulation,
c) Downloading. d) Server sharing.
75. ISO is an acronym for the:
a) International Systems Opportunities b) International Systems organization
c) International Standards Organization d) Internal Standard Organization
76. The bandwidth is
a) Transmission Media)
b): Measure of how fast data can transmitted
c) Measure of how fast data can be transmitted at once
d) The size of memory in the communication processor
77. The abbreviation ISDN stands for
a) Integrate system device network b) Integrated services digital network
c) Integrated satellite data network d) Integrated single dialup network
78. A device used to connect similar or dissimilar network
a) Routers b) Gateway
c) Bridge: d) None
79. OSI Reference Model has:
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
a) 7 layers b) 3 layers
c) 6 layers d) 1 layers
80. The layer that is responsible for establishing, maintaining and terminating a user
connection is called:
a) Presentation b) Application
c) Transport d) Session
81. The layer that is concerned with addressing and routing is called:
a) Network b) Data Link
c) Physical d) Transport
82. Data link have two separate sub-layers:
a) LLC and MAC b) CS and MA
c) Token and Ring d) Ethernet
83. The top most layer of the OSI is:
a) Application b) Session
c) Transport d) Presentation
84. The bottom layer of OSI Model is:
a) Application b) Physical
c) Transport d) Presentation

85. The layer that is used to control how a bit-streams of data is sent and received over the
physical medium is called:
a) Application b) Session
c) Transport d) Physical
86. The layer that is responsible for flow control and ensuring messages are delivered without
error free is called:
a) Application b) Session
c) Transport d) Physical
87. The layer that defines the formats the data uses as it in transmitted on the
communication line is called:
a) Application b) Presentation
c) Transport d) Physical
88. The layer that provides services that directly support user application:
a) Application b) Presentation
c) Transport d) Physical
89. OSI stands for:
a) Open system Interconnection b) Open system international
c) Open Small Internet d) Open system Interlink
90. What layer of OSI models performs data compression?
a) Network b) Data Link
c) Presentation d) Physical
91. LAN is a combination of:
a) Network cards b) LAN cables
c) LAN application software d) All
92. People on LAN can share:
a) Printer b) Modem
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Computer Networks #2 Class XI Compiled by Wasim Anjum
Farooqi (MEd.,MCS)
c) CD-ROM/disk Drive d) All
93. Project 802 defines standard for which layers of the OSI model:
a) Application and presentation layers b) Physical and data link layers
c) Transport and network layers d) Network and data link layers
94. Terminal is a:
a) Device to give power supply to computer
b) Point at which data enters or leaves the computer
c) The last instruction in a program d) Any input /output device
95. Collection of millions of computer interlinked to each other is called:
a) Interlink b) Internet
c) Collection d) Group
96. A collection of documents stored on computes permanently connected with Internet
around the world is called:
a) Telnet b) WWW
c) LAN d) FTP
97. A collection of related web pages is called:
a) Web-link b) Web site
c) Internet d) Linking

98. FTP stands for:

a) File Transfer Protocol b) Finis Tele Program
c) Finding Tele Path d) Failed Transmission Pole
99. FTP Facility is used to:
a) Transfer Protocol b) Transfer File
c) Connect to the Internet d) Self-check computer
100.Services on the Internet include
a) World Wide Web b) FTP
c) e-mail d) all of these
101.Transferring information from computer to Internet is called:
a) Downloading b) Down Seizing
c) Uploading d) Pasting
102.Software to peruse the internet is called:
a) Gateway b) EFT
c) Browser d) Teleconferencing
103.Cabling on a linear bus topology can be extended using which of following?
a) Terminator b) Barrel connector
c) Network adapter card d) Medium attachment

************ ** Wish You Best of Luck ***********

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