DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (lecture review)

1) Which of the organs listed below is involved in all of the following processes: secretion, mechanical breakdown
of food, digestion and absorption?
A) the esophagus
B) the stomach
C) the large intestines
D) the sigmoid colon
Section: 23.1

2) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic
reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.
A) absorption
B) secretion
C) chemical digestion
D) mechanical breakdown
Section: 23.1

3) Peristaltic waves are ________.

A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract that aid in mechanical breakdown of chyme
C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Section: 23.1

4) Select the description below that illustrates a difference between a sphincter and circular muscle.
A) A sphincter is composed of smooth muscle while circular muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
B) A sphincter is a thickening of circular muscle that can prevent the movement of digesting materials while
circular muscle is involved in propulsion digesting material.
C) Sphincters are found throughout the GI tract while circular muscle is found only in the proximal portion
of the GI tract.
D) Sphincters are found in the proximal portion of the GI tract while circular muscle is found in the distal
portions.
Section: 23.2

5) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) carry toxins to the kidney for disposal through the urinary tract
B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver
C) distribute hormones throughout the body
D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
Section: 23.2

6) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.
A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria
C) serosal lining
D) mucosal lining
Section: 23.2

7) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same
four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Section: 23.2

8) The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.
A) submucosa
B) serosa
C) adventitia
D) lamina propria
Section: 23.2

9) Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation?

A) hepatic portal vein
B) inferior vena cava
C) superior mesenteric artery
D) celiac artery
Section: 23.2

10) In the enteric nervous system, a long reflexive pathway has an advantage over a short reflexive pathway in the
fact that ________.
A) long reflexive pathways last much longer than short reflexive pathways
B) long reflexive pathways are quicker to respond than short reflexive pathways
C) long reflexive pathways can be stimulated by things outside of the GI tract
D) long reflexive pathways can respond throughout the entire length of the GI tract while short reflexive
pathways can only respond in the proximal end
Section: 23.3

11) Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.

A) somatic neurons in the spinal cord
B) the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
C) the rubrospinal tracts
D) the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts
Section: 23.3

12) What part of the tooth bears the force and resists the friction of chewing?
A) crown
B) enamel
C) pulp
D) cementum
Section: 23.4

13) Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.
C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
D) There are 32 primary teeth, and by 36 months of age, most children have all 32.
Section: 23.4

14) Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?
A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.
C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.
D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
Section: 23.4

15) The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

A) only salts and minerals
B) only proteases and amylase
C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals
D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
Section: 23.4

16) The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?
A) incisor tooth
B) molar tooth
C) premolar tooth
D) canine tooth
Section: 23.4

17) All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is not true of
swallowing.
A) The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing.
B) The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth.
C) The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea.
D) The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx.
Section: 23.5

18) What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?
A) HCl
B) pepsinogen
C) intrinsic factor
D) gastric lipase
Section: 23.5

19) Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors, resulting in reduction of the production and excretion of
stomach acid. These drugs have the biggest effect on which of the following?
A) surface epithelial cells
B) chief cells
C) parietal cells
D) mucous neck cells
Section: 23.6

20) Generally the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin which are released by duodenal enteroendocrine cells
will ________.
A) speed the churning of the stomach
B) increases the output of stomach acid
C) slow the activities of the stomach
D) speed the activity of the jejunum
Section: 23.6

21) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?
A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus
B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
D) secretion of pepsinogen
Section: 23.6

22) The bolus is liquefied in the ________ and it is now called chyme.
A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
Section: 23.6

23) Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

A) chief cells of the stomach
B) parietal cells of the duodenum
C) Brunner's glands
D) goblet cells of the small intestine
Section: 23.6

24) Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

A) A
B) B12
C) C
D) K
Section: 23.6

25) Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?

A) parietal cells
B) zymogenic cells
C) mucous neck cells
D) enteroendocrine cells
Section: 23.6

26) Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
A) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
B) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.
C) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
D) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).
Section: 23.6

27) The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?
A) Increased production of trypsinogen.
B) This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, resulting in faster gastric emptying.
C) Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
D) The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food but may cause heartburn.
Section: 23.6

28) Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________.

A) ACh
B) secretin
C) gastrin
D) histamine
Section: 23.6

29) The enterohepatic circulation reabsorbs bile salts in the distal portion of the small intestine (ileum). All of the
following statements about the enterohepatic circulation are true except one. Select the statement below that is
not true of the enterohepatic circulation?
A) Reabsorbing bile salts in the ileum gives more time to emulsify lipid and aid in their absorption within a
greater length of the small intestine.
B) The reabsorption of bile salts allows them to be reused within new bile.
C) All of the components of bile are recycled by this circulation.
D) Reabsorption of bile salts reduces the need to synthesize new bile salts.
Section: 23.7

30) A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would likely advise ________.
A) a low to no carb diet
B) fewer, but larger meals
C) eating foods that are low in fat
D) increasing unsaturated fats while eliminating trans fats in their diets
Section: 23.7

31) Select the best explanation for why protease enzymes are secreted in inactive forms.
A) The enzymes would digest each other if they were not properly regulated.
B) The immunoglobulins protecting the digestive tract would be digested without proper regulation of
protein digesting enzymes.
C) The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes until they are safely
within the lumen of the GI tract.
D) Inactive enzymes will simply be expelled with the feces if no protein is present in the digesting food, this
will help to conserve energy.
Section: 23.7

32) Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.
B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.
C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.
D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
Section: 23.7

33) The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the
________.
A) portal vein
B) pancreatic acini
C) bile canaliculus
D) hepatopancreatic ampulla
Section: 23.7

34) Hepatocytes do not ________.

A) produce digestive enzymes
B) process nutrients
C) store fat-soluble vitamins
D) detoxify toxic chemicals
Section: 23.7

35) The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.
A) liver
B) spleen
C) pancreas
D) stomach
Section: 23.7

36) Digestion and absorption of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely
damaged?
A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) starches
Section: 23.7

37) Which of the following is the best explanation of the benefit in the digestive system having the largest
collection of lymphoid tissue (MALT) at the distal end of the small intestine?
A) The digestive systems first and foremost job is to digest and absorb nutrients so it puts off immunity for
last.
B) The huge numbers of bacteria living in the large intestine must be prevented from entering the lumen of
the small intestine and being absorbed with food's nutrients into the blood stream.
C) The body will actively excrete pathogens out the body, into the digestive system to be removed from the
body in feces.
D) The alkaline secretion of the small intestine aid in the growth of bacteria and must be controlled.
Section: 23.8

38) The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal
lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?
A) villi, and microvilli
B) the vast array of digestive enzymes
C) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches
D) the rugae and haustra
Section: 23.8

39) The function of goblet cells is to ________.

A) absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
B) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed
for food digestion
C) secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
D) provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive
tract in food
Section: 23.8

40) Paneth cells ________.

A) secrete digestive enzymes
B) secrete hormones
C) secrete enzymes that kill bacteria
D) secrete bicarbonate ions
Section: 23.8

41) A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________.

A) it is likely to cause severe internal bleeding
B) it is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity
C) loss of the appendix's function will cause an immune deficiency in the digestive system
D) the large intestine will no longer be able to receive digested material from the small intestine
Section: 23.9

42) Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
A) produce gas
B) absorb bilirubin
C) fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates
D) synthesize vitamins C and D
Section: 23.9

43) Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________.
A) does not contain villi
B) exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli
C) is longer than the small intestine
D) has pocket-like sacs called haustra
Section: 23.9

Answer Key
Testname: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1) B
2) C
3) D
4) B
5) B
6) A
7) D
8) D
9) B
10) C
11) B
12) B
13) C
14) A
15) D
16) D
17) C
18) C
19) C
20) C
21) D
22) B
23) A
24) B
25) A
26) C
27) C
28) B
29) C
30) C
31) C
32) D
33) D
34) A
35) A
36) A
37) B
38) A
39) B
40) C
41) B
42) C
43) C